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Agricultural Crops Production

Quarter 2– Module 2: Weeks 2 & 3

Applying Appropriate Safety measures

Agricultural Crops Production – Grade 11
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Applying Appropriate Safety Measures
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

Regional Director: Evelyn R. Fetalvero
Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion

Development Team of the Module

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Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team:
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Pedelina R. Huevos Charlie P. Aspacio

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Division of Davao Oriental

Office Address: Government Center, Dahican, Mati City, Philippines 8200

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E-mail Address: ___________________________

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Agricultural Crops Production NC II
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Week 2 &3

Applying Appropriate Safety Measures

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on
any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
on noting details about applying appropriate safety measures. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. This covers the skills and
competencies in applying appropriate safety measures on; using tools and materials
according to specifications and procedures and wearing outfits according to farm
requirements with the code TLE_AFAACP9-12ASMO-Ic-g-2.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine the use of tools and materials
2. assess their specifications and procedures
3. consider the importance of wearing outfits according to farm requirements

Let Us Try

Select the answer from the given choices. Write the letter only.
1. Which of the following is an example of a digging tool?
A. Bolo
B. Crowbar
C. Grub hoe
D. Pruning shear
2. Which tool is used for cutting grasses?
A. Shovel
B. Bolo
C. Crowbar
D. Mattock
3. What tool does NOT belong to the group?
A. Crowbar
B. Mattock
C. Shovel
D. Pruning shear
4. Farm tools are very important in agricultural crop production because they __________
A. Make work easier
B. Make work faster
C. Save time and effort
D. All of the above
5. A tool with one end of its blade flattened and the other pointed at right angles to its
handle is a ________________.
A. mattock
B. crowbar
C. bolo
D. spade
 Let Us Study

FARM TOOLS IN AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION

Farm tools, play very important role in agricultural crop production. Their availability makes
the work much easier and faster. However, even if one may have the most sophisticated tools, but
does not know how to use them, they are useless. In order to do crop production operations
successfully, one must have a good working knowledge of the tools, before using them.

Hand Tools
Hand tools are usually light and are used without the help of animals or
machines. They are being used in performing farm activities which involve small
areas like school garden and home garden.

Bolo is used for cutting tall grasses and

weeds and chopping branches of trees.

Crowbar is used for digging big holes and

for digging out big stones and stumps.

Pick-mattock is used for digging canals,

breaking hard topsoil and for digging up
stones and tree stumps.
Grab-hoe is used for breaking hard topsoil
and pulverizing soil.

Spade is used for removing trash or soil,

digging canals or ditches and mixing soil
media.

Shovel is used in removing trash, digging

loose soil, moving soil from one place to
another and for mixing soil media.

Rake is used for cleaning the ground and

leveling the topsoil.
 Spading fork is used for loosening the
soil, digging out root crops and turning over
the materials in a compost heap.

Light hoe is used for loosening and

leveling soil and digging out furrows for
planting

Hand trowel is used for loosening the soil

around the growing plants and putting
small amount of manure fertilizer in the
soil.

Hand cultivator is used for cultivating the

garden plot by loosening the soil and
removing weeds around the plant.

Hand fork is used for inter row cultivation.

Pruning shears is for cutting branches of

planting materials and unnecessary
branches of plants.

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 Axe is for cutting bigger size post.

Knife is for cutting planting materials and

for performing other operations in
horticulture

Sprinklers – for watering seedlings and

young plants

Water pails – for hauling water, manure

and fertilizers

Sprayers are for spraying insecticides, foliar fertilizers, fungicides and herbicides

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 Wheel barrow is used for hauling trash,
manures, fertilizers, planting materials and
other equipment

Sickle is a hand-held agricultural tool with a

variously curved blade typically used for
cutting weeds.

Figure 1
Photo Courtesy of htpps://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com

Lesson Information 2.2 Wear outfits according to farm requirements

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is designed to protect workers from
serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical,
radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. Among
them are face shields, safety goggles, hard hats, and safety shoes. Protective
equipment includes a variety of devices and garments such as goggles, coveralls,
gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators.

Protection from head injuries

Hard hats can protect workers from head impact, penetration injuries, and
high impact injuries such as those caused by falling or flying objects, fixed objects,
or contact with electrical conductors. It also prevents the long hair from getting
caught in machine parts such as belts and chains. Ordinary hats shall be worn by a
farmer whenever working in the farm to protect himself against ultraviolet rays of the
sun.
Protection from leg and foot injury
In addition to foot guards and safety shoes, leggings (e.g., leather or other
appropriate material) can help prevent injuries by protecting workers from hazards
such as falling or rolling objects, sharp objects, wet and slippery surfaces, molten
metals, hot surfaces, and electrical hazards while working in the farm shop. Pants

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 should be worn to protect the legs from itchy worms and snake bites when working
in the farm.
Protection from eyes and face injury
Besides spectacles and goggles, personal protective equipment such as
special helmets or shields, spectacles with side shields, and face shields can
protect workers from the hazards of flying fragments, large chips, hot sparks,
optical radiation, splashes from molten metals, as well as objects, particles, sand,
dirt, mists, dusts, and glare. Sun glasses should be worn during harvesting and
other post-harvest jobs to protect the eyes.
Protection from hearing injury
Wearing earplugs or earmuffs can help prevent damage to hearing.
Exposure to high noise levels can cause irreversible hearing loss or impairment as
well as physical and psychological stress. Earplugs made from foam, waxed cotton,
or fiberglass wool are self-forming and usually fit well. A professional should fit your
workers individually for molded or preformed earplugs. Clean earplugs regularly, and
replace those that are no longer functional.
Protection from hand injury
Workers exposed to harmful substances causing skin absorption, severe cuts or
lacerations, severe abrasions, chemical burns, thermal burns, and harmful extreme
temperature will benefit from hand protection. Wear leather globes while operating
some machines; but when handling chemicals use rubber gloves.
Protection from body injury
In some cases, workers must shield most of their bodies against hazards in
the workplace, such as exposure to heat and radiation, hot metals, scalding liquids,
body fluids, hazardous materials or waste, and others. In addition to fire-retardant
wool and fire retardant cotton, materials used in whole-body personal protective
equipment, include leather, synthetics, rubber, and plastic.
Respiratory Protection
Workers must use appropriate respirators to protect against adverse health
effects caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists,
gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors. Respirators generally cover the nose and mouth
or the entire face or head and help prevent illness and injury. A proper fit is essential,
for respirators to be effective.

Observing strictly the effectivity/shelf

Lesson Information 2.3
life/expiration of materials
Check up and repair of tools and materials

Shovel, spade, hoe, or even the blades on a hedge trimmer will be a lot
easier to use if you take a few minutes to knock some of the rust off the blade. This
will not only extend the life of the tool, but also will cut through the soil better, and
thus require less effort to use if it has a sharp blade. It is a good idea to keep a large
whetstone in your shop. A whetstone is an ideal tool to use to keep all of the cutting

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edges of your garden tools honed and works well on your shovel as well as many
other common garden tools.

The best way to use the stone is to find a way to

stabilize the tool that you want to work on. A bench vise
is ideal. You will be able to clamp the tool into place
at an angle, so you can work on it. Clamping the
garden tool into place with a vise frees up both of your
hands to use the whetstone and gives you more control
over what you are doing.

Apply a little bit of lubricating oil to the end of the tool

and carefully begin to work the stone over the blade.
Maintain a 30degree angle between the stone and the
blade to form the ideal cutting edge for your tool. Not
only will the edge become sharper, but you will also be
removing any pitting and rust that has formed at the
edge of your tool‘s blade.
Figure 2
Photo Courtesy of htpps://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com
In instances where
pruners, shears, and loppers) have frozen in place, like
springs and pivot joints, you should disassemble them
first carefully break free any rust or dirt that may keep
the tool from functioning properly. Clean accumulated
rust and dirt off all metal surfaces with a wire brush.
Remove stubborn rust from small tools with fine steel
wool. Using an old toothbrush with some lightweight
lubricating oil is a

Figure3
Photo Courtesy of htpps://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com
great way to work fresh oil into the joints of most garden tools. Not only will this
fresh oil help your tool to work as it was intended, but it will also prevent the
formation of rust. Use medium-grit sandpaper to remove rust on larger tools such as
shovels, spades, and hoes.
Once your tools are cleaned, they're ready to be sharpened. When
sharpening, try to maintain the original factory bevel or angle. For pruners, use a
whetstone because it produces a very sharp cutting edge. Depending on the type of
whetstone, apply a few drops of oil or water to the stone. With the beveled side of
the blade against the stone, rub the sharp edge of the blade toward the stone in a
curved motion, as if you were trying to shave off a thin slice from the stone.

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 When working with a file, stabilize the blades in a vise or against a solid
surface such as a work bench to avoid injury and ensure an even stroke. Always
push the file across the blade in a motion away from your body. Move the file
diagonally, so that its cutting teeth are biting into the metal on the tool. When
sharpening with a file, do not use oil; metal filings will accumulate and clog the file's
serrations.

Farm implements like ordinary plow and wooden harrow should be checked
thoroughly before use. Loosened bolts and nuts should be tightened firmly. Disc
plow and harrow should also be lubricated on their moving parts like bearings.
Tractors should be tuned-up very well by skilled operator. Check on their oil,
lubricant, fuel and cooling system.

Tools that are worn out should be separated and be fixed immediately to
avoid accident.

Following emergency procedures to ensure

Lesson Information 2.4
safe work requirement

Farm Emergency Procedures Regarding Safety Working Environment

1. Identify the potential emergencies. The emergencies that may occur
include fire, flood, typhoon, machinery entrapment, electrical shock, snake/spider
bite, chemical exposure, farm injuries, farm illness, and farm accidents.
2. Provide emergency facilities appropriate for the sorts of emergencies that
might occur on the farm (deluge showers, eye washes, firefighting equipment, first
aid kits).
3. make sure that the correct equipment is available to contain and handle
any chemical or other dangerous materials spills that might happen.
4. To help minimize the risk of personal injury or property damage in the event
of an emergency, people working on and visiting the farm need to know and
understand the emergency procedures and their responsibilities.
5. Instruct everyone working on the farm in the emergency response
procedures.
6. Everyone should know the location of the fire alarms, fire extinguishers and
first aid kits; how and where to contact emergency services; and where to safely
assemble in the event of an emergency.

Reporting hazards in the workplace in line with

Lesson Information 2.5
farm requirements

Appropriate Safety Measures

Many hazards are present in the farm. If the farmers are not aware of these
hazards, these may cause injury to their body or may cause diseases and even
death. Farmers should apply appropriate safety measures while working in the farm.
Safety measures include identifying farm works that involve the use of chemicals and
hazardous tools and equipment, determining the uses of Personal Protective

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Equipment (PPE) and in determining farm emergency procedures regarding safety
working environment.

Hazard, Risk and Exposure in the Farm

Agricultural Crop Production deals with a lot of activities to be done in the
different workplace. While performing these activities, it is expected that there is a lot
of risk to meet. Workplace hazard is a major cause of accident, injury, or harm to a
worker who performs such task. These hazards should be the major concern of all
who are involved in a certain job or work.

It is important to distinguish hazard, risk, and exposure when undertaking risk

management:
 Hazard is the potential for harm, or adverse effect to a worker’s health.
Anything which may cause injury or ill health to anyone at or near a workplace
is a hazard.
 Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will cause injury or ill health to anyone at or
near a workplace. The level of risk increases with the severity of the hazard
and the duration and frequency of exposure.
 Exposure occurs when a person comes in contact with a hazard.

5 Types of Hazard
1. Physical- includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps, ladders, fire, falling
objects, slippery surfaces, manual handling (lifting, pushing, pulling), excessively
loud and prolonged noise, vibration, heat and cold, radiation, poor lighting,
ventilation, air quality.

2. Mechanical and/or electrical- includes electricity, machinery, equipment,

pressure vessels, dangerous goods, fork lifts, cranes, hoists.
3. Chemical- includes chemical substances such as acids or poisons and
those that could lead to fire or explosion, like pesticides, herbicides, cleaning agents,
dusts, and fumes from various processes such as welding.
Examples of Chemical Hazards
 Spraying in a strong wind and the spray drifting over a dam or the farm
house.
 Washing spray equipment and the water running into open drains,
collecting in puddles, or running into stockyards or dams.
 Containers of chemicals left lying around. Empty containers lying in a
heap.
Ways to Reduce the Risk of Hazards from Chemicals:
 Use personal protective equipment such as respirators, waterproof
clothes, rubber gloves, and waterproof footwear.
 Make sure chemicals are safely stored and cupboards locked.
 Never spray chemicals on days when there is a high wind.
 Know first procedures.
 Keep a list of all hazardous substances used on the farm.

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 Safe Use of Chemicals
 Consider if a chemical substance is really needed.
 Eliminate hazardous substance or if that is not possible, substitute it
with less hazardous one.
 Safe work practices or personal protective equipment should be used.
 Keep records of farm chemicals.
4. Biological- includes bacteria, viruses, mold, mildew, insects, vermin, and
animals.
5. Psychosocial environment- includes workplace stressors arising from a
variety of sources.

Let Us Practice

Directions: Write X if the statement is TRUE and W if the statement is FALSE. Write
your answer on a separate sheet.
_______1. The best way to use the stone is to find a way to stabilize the tool
that you want to work on.
_______2. Wearing earplugs or earmuffs cannot help prevent damage to
hearing.
_______3. Hand tools are usually light and are used without the help of
animals or machines.
_______4. Respirators generally cover the nose and mouth or the entire face
or head and help prevent illness and injury.
_______5. Tools that are worn out should be kept and stored in the tool room.

Let Us Practice More

Match Column A with Column B by writing the letter only. Use separate sheet for
your answer. .
Column A Column B
1. hand fork a. used for loosening the soil, digging out root
crops and turning over the materials in a
compost heap.
2. hand cultivator b. used for loosening and leveling soil and digging
out furrows for planting
3. hand trowel c. used for loosening the soil around the growing
plants and putting small amount of manure
fertilizer in the soil
4. light hoe d. used for cultivating the garden plot by loosening
the soil and removing weeds around the
plant.
5. spading fork e. used for inter row cultivation.

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 f. used for hauling trash, manures, fertilizers,
planting materials and other equipment

Let Us Remember

Use the words in the box as your reference in answering for the missing words in the
paragraph below. Write your answer on a separate sheet.
workers hazards respirators
chemical plowed devices

Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is designed to protect (1)________

from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with(2) _______
radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace(3) ________.
Among them are face shields, safety goggles, hard hats, and safety shoes.
Protective equipment includes a variety of (4)_______and garments such as
goggles, coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and (5)_______.

Let Us Assess

Identify the PPE to be used in performing the different works in the farm.
Choose your answer from the choices given below by writing the only the letter. Use
a separate sheet for your answer.

1. What PPE will protect workers from head impact, penetration injuries, and high
impact injuries such as those caused by falling or flying objects, fixed objects, or
contact with electrical conductors?
a. hard hat c. safety hat
b. ordinary hat d. Sun glasses
2. Exposure to high noise levels can cause irreversible hearing loss or impairment as
well as physical and psychological stress. To avoid this, a farmer will use
_________.
a. hard hat c. safety hat
b. ordinary hat d. earplugs
3. Workers exposed to harmful substances causing skin absorption, severe cuts or
lacerations, severe abrasions, chemical burns, thermal burns, and harmful extreme
temperature will benefit from hand protection.
a. hand protection c. spectacles
b. foot guards d. goggles
4. A PPE that can help prevent injuries by protecting workers from hazards such as
falling or rolling objects, sharp objects, wet and slippery surfaces, molten metals, hot
surfaces, and electrical hazards while working in the farm shop. What is it?
a. hard hat c. safety hat
b. ordinary hat d. safety shoes

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 5. What protect workers from the hazards of flying fragments, large chips, hot
sparks, optical radiation, splashes from molten metals, as well as objects, particles,
sand, dirt, mists, dusts, and glare?
a. hand protection c. spectacles
b. foot guards d. earplugs

Let Us Enhance

Give the 5 types of hazard.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Let Us Reflect

Farm tools, play very important role in agricultural crop production. Their availability
makes the work much easier and faster. However, even if one may have the most
sophisticated tools, but does not know how to use them, they are useless. In order to do
crop production operations successfully, one must have a good working knowledge of the
tools, before using them.

Answer Key

1. b 1. x 1. e
2. b
3. d 2. w 2. d
4. d 3. x 3. c
5. a
4. x 4. b
5. w 5. ba

1. workers 1. a
2. chemical 2. d
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3. hazrds 3. a
4. devices 4. d
5. respirators
References

https://agsci.oregonstate.edu/research/section-4-agricultural-safety-rules/
chapter-1-farm-machinery-and-equipment
AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
www./scribe.com/document

www.gltnhs-tle.weebly.Com

www.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/industry
www.slideshare.net/dailolic

www.rural mutual.com/resources/farm –safety

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI

F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax:

Email Address: lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph