1. The error in the modified Euler method is O(h^3), meaning it decreases cubically as the step size h decreases.
2. Runge-Kutta methods are multi-step numerical methods used to solve ordinary differential equations that only require evaluating the function at specific points, without needing derivatives.
3. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method calculates intermediate values k1, k2, k3, k4 to approximate the solution with an error of O(h4), providing greater accuracy than Taylor series methods.
1. The error in the modified Euler method is O(h^3), meaning it decreases cubically as the step size h decreases.
2. Runge-Kutta methods are multi-step numerical methods used to solve ordinary differential equations that only require evaluating the function at specific points, without needing derivatives.
3. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method calculates intermediate values k1, k2, k3, k4 to approximate the solution with an error of O(h4), providing greater accuracy than Taylor series methods.
1. The error in the modified Euler method is O(h^3), meaning it decreases cubically as the step size h decreases.
2. Runge-Kutta methods are multi-step numerical methods used to solve ordinary differential equations that only require evaluating the function at specific points, without needing derivatives.
3. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method calculates intermediate values k1, k2, k3, k4 to approximate the solution with an error of O(h4), providing greater accuracy than Taylor series methods.
1. The error in the modified Euler method is O(h^3), meaning it decreases cubically as the step size h decreases.
2. Runge-Kutta methods are multi-step numerical methods used to solve ordinary differential equations that only require evaluating the function at specific points, without needing derivatives.
3. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method calculates intermediate values k1, k2, k3, k4 to approximate the solution with an error of O(h4), providing greater accuracy than Taylor series methods.
The error in modified Euler method is ----- O(h^2) O(h^3) O(h) O(h^n) O(h^3)
Modified Euler method will provide error free
solutions if the given function is ---------------- linear parapola polynomial non-linear linear Runge Kutta of first order is nothing but the ---- modified Euler ----------. method Euler method Taylor series none of these Euler method In Runge Kutta second and fourth order methods, the values of k1 and k2 are ---- same differ always positive always negative same The formula of Dy in fourth order Runge Kutta 1/6 * (k1 + 2k2 + 3k3 1/6 * (k1 + k2 + k3 + 1/6 * (k1 + 2k2 + 2k3 + 1/6 * (k1 + 2k2 + 2k3 + method is given by ---------------. + 4k4) k4) (k1 + 2k2 + 2k3 + k4) k4) k4) In second order Runge Kutta method the value h f(x + h/2 , y + h f(x – h/2 , y – of k2 is calculated by ------------. k1/2) k1/2) h f(x , y) h f(0,0) h f(x + h/2 , y + k1/2) _________values are calculated in Runge Kutta fourth order method. k1, k2, k3, k4 and Dy k1, k2 and Dy k1, k2, k3 and Dy k1, k2 and Dy k1, k2, k3, k4 and Dy The use of Runge kutta method gives ------------- to the solutions of the differential equation than Taylor’s series method. Slow convergence quick convergence oscillation divergence quick convergence In Runge – kutta method the value x is taken as ----------. x = x0 + h x0= x + h h = x0 + x h = x0 - x x = x0 + h In Runge – kutta method the value y is taken as ----------. y = y0 + h y0= x0 + h y = y0 – Dy y = y0 + Dy y = y0 + Dy In fourth order Runge Kutta method the value h f(x + h/2 , y + of k3 is calculated by ------------. h f(x - h/2 , y - k2/2) k2/2) h f(x , y) h f(x – h/2 , y – k1/2) h f(x + h/2 , y + k2/2) In fourth order Runge Kutta method the value h f(x + h/2 , y + h f(x + h/2 , y + of k4 is calculated by ------------. k1/2) k2/2) h f(x + h , y + k3) h f(x – h , y – k3) h f(x + h , y + k3) ___________is nothing but the modified Euler Runge kutta method Runge kutta method Runge kutta method Runge kutta method of method. of second order of third order of fourth order Taylor series method second order In all the three methods of Rungekutta methods, the values ---------- are same. k4 & k3 k3 & k2 k2 & k1 k1, k2, k3 & k4 k2 & k1 The formula of Dy in third order Runge Kutta 1/6 * (k1 + 2k2 + 3k3 1/6 * (4k1 + 4k2 + 1/6 * (k1 + 2k2 + 2k3 + method is given by ---------------. + 4k4) 1/6 * (k1 + 4k2 + k3) 4k3) k4) 1/6 * (k1 + 4k2 + k3) The formula of Dy in second order Runge Kutta method is given by --------------. k1 k2 k3 k4 k2 In second order Runge Kutta method the value h f(x + h/2 , y + h f(x + h/2 , y + of k1 is calculated by ------------. k1/2) k2/2) h f(x , y) h f(x – h/2 , y – k1/2) h f(x , y) The Runge – Kutta methods are designed to give -------------- and they posses the advantage of requiring only the function values at some selected points on the sub intervals greater accuracy lesser accuracy average accuracy none greater accuracy If dy/dx is a function x alone, then fourth order Runge – Kutta method reduces to ----------- ---. Trapezoidal rule Taylor series Euler method Simpson method Simpson method In Runge Kutta methods, the derivatives of ----- ------ are not require and we require only the given function values at different points. higher order lower order middle order zero higher order The use of -------------- method gives quick convergence to the solutions of the differential equation than Taylor’s series method. Taylor series Euler Runge – Kutta Simpson method Runge – Kutta If dy/dx is a function x alone, then ---------- Runge – Kutta method reduces to Simpson method fourth order third order second order first order fourth order If dy/dx is a function of ----------- then fourth order Runge – Kutta method reduces to Simpson method. x alone y alone both x and y none x alone
To solve first order Differential Equation with
initial condition we use --------------- method Euler's Taylor series Iterative method Gauss Jacobi Euler's In this Euler method the actual curve is approximated by the sequence of short________. straight line parabola ellipse circle straight line In Modified Euler's Method averaged the __________. one step method two step method step by step method multi step method step by step method In R - K method derivatives of higher order are continuous__________. Diagram graph circle line graph line graph The multistep methods are___________. Simpson’s rule Euler method Milne’s method Boole’s rule Milne’s method In Euler's Method averaged the _______. points slopes curve circle slopes In R - k method derivatives of___________order are required first second third higher higher In Modified Euler's Method averaged the _________ points slopes slopes and points chords points In R - k method derivatives of higher order are _________ required not required may be required mostly required not required The Euler Method and Modified Euler's Method are _________ convergent slowly equally fastly greater slowly Runge Kutta of first order is nothing but the Modified Euler _________. method Euler method Taylor series Improved Euler methods Euler method