Sheet (2)

1- A city has a population of 2 million residents. Three cellular mobile operators A,B,C
provide service in that city. Operator A has 394 cells with 19 channels each.
Operator B has 98 cells with 57 channels each. Operator C has 49 cells with 100
channels. Find:
1- the number of mobile users that can be supported at GOS = 2% if each MS
averages 2 calls per busy hour at an average duration of 3 minutes.
2- Compute the percentage market penetration.

Solution
 Operator A
Traffic per user per sec = 2∗(3/60) = 0.1 erlang
Since 19 channels for each cell  Traffic per cell = 12.3 erlang
# of users that can be supported per cell/sec = 12.3/0.1 = 123 users per sec
Total # of users that can be supported by operator A = 123*394 = 48462 users per sec

Market penetration of operator A = (48462/2000000) *100 = 2.4%

 Operator B
Traffic per user per sec = 0.1 erlang
Since 57 channels for each cell  Traffic per cell = 46.8 erlang
# of users that can be supported per cell/sec = 46.8/0.1 = 468 users per sec
Total # of users that can be supported by operator B = 443844 *98 = 45864 users per sec

Market penetration of operator B = (48462/2000000) *100 = 2.29%

 Operator C
Traffic per user / hr = 0.1 erlang
Since 100 channels for each cell  Traffic per cell = 88 erlang
# of users that can be supported per cell/sec = 88/0.1 = 880 users per sec
Total # of users that can be supported by operator C = 880 * 49 = 43120 users per sec

Market penetration of operator C = (43120/2000000) *100 = 2.16%

 The market penetration of the three systems = (48462+ 45864 + 43120) / 2000000 =
6.87%

2- If total number of voice channels is 394. If average call holding time is 150 sec and
GOS=2% for N = 4,7,12. Find
1- Number of calls/cells/hr
2- C/I for omni-directional cells.
 Solution
¿ ofcalls∗call duration
 Traffic load =
3600

N=4 # of channels per cell Traffic load/cell = 87 ¿ of calls∗150

87 =
= 394/4 = 99 erlang 3600
channels/cell # of calls = 2088 calls/cell/hr
N=7 # of channels per cell Traffic load/cell = 45.9 ¿ of calls∗150
45.9 =
= 394/7 = 56 erlang 3600
channels/cell # of calls = 1102 calls/cell/hr
N = 12 # of channels per cell Traffic load/cell = 24.6 ¿ of calls∗150
24.6 =
= 394/12= 33 erlang 3600
channels/cell # of calls = 590 calls/cell/hr

 For omni-directional cells

Frequency All 6 All 6 interferences 6 interferences equally distributed

reuse pattern interferences exist at cell edge at cell site, edge, and vertex
exist at cell site (worst case scenario) 1
1 1 C/I = −4 −4 −4
C/I = C/I = 2q + 2 ( q−1 ) +2 ( q+1 )
6¿¿ 6¿¿
N=4 C/I = 13.8 dB C/I = 7.89 dB C/I = 11.36 dB
q = √ 3 N = √ 12
N=7 C/I = 18.7 dB C/I = 14.4 dB C/I = 17.3 dB
q = √ 3 N = √ 21
N = 12 C/I = 23.3 dB C/I = 20.2 dB C/I = 22.5 dB
q = √ 3 N = √ 36

3- A GSM network has omni-directional cells has 40 frequency channels if C/I = 14 dB.
Find:
1- Frequency reuse pattern.
2- Number of frequency channels per cell.
3- Number of traffic channels per cell.
4- Offered load if GOS = 2%.

Solution
1
 Since C/I = 14 dB  N = [ 6 (C/I) ] 0.5  N = 4
3
 # of frequency channels per cell = Total # of channels / N = 40/4 = 10 channels/cell
 # of traffic channels/ cell =
 Since GOS = 2% and # of channels/ cell = 10  Offered Traffic load/cell = 5.08 erlang
Actual offered load/cell = 5.08 (1-0.02) = 4.98 erlang
4- For a cellular system with a total of 395 voice channels, channel spacing 30 KHz
total bandwidth 12.5 MHz, GOS = 2%, average calling time 120 sec, and traffic
generated per user is 0.02 erlang. Assume there are 100 Ms/km2 , and each cell
uses omni-directional antenna. If N = 7. Find:
1- C/I
2- Cell radius
3- Repeat if 120 antenna used.

Solution
1 1
 For omni-antenna (worst case scenario)  C/I = −4 =
6 ¿ ¿ = 18.67 dB
6q
Traffic load per cell = 100*0.02*(2.6 R2) = 5.2 R2
Total # of channels per cell = 395/7 = 56 channels/cell
Traffic load per cell = 45.9 (from the table)
45.9 = 5.2 R2  R = 2.97 km
1 1
 For 120 antenna (worst case scenario)  C/I = −4 = = 23.4 dB
2q 2¿ ¿
Traffic load per cell = 100*0.02*(2.6 R2) = 5.2 R2
Total # of channels per cell = 395/7*3 = 19 channels/cell
Traffic load per cell = 12.33 (from the table)
12.33 = 5.2 R2  R = 1.54 km

Sheet (3)
1- Consider a cellular system, the bandwidth of the system is 25 MHz, channel
spacing is 30 KHz, given the following:
 Area of each cell = 8 km2
 Total area coverage = 1000 Km2
 Offered traffic per MS is 1.2 erlang
 Average call time = 100 sec and GOS = 2%
 Frequency reuse ratio q = 6
Find:
1- Frequency reuse pattern
2- Shifting parameters
3- Draw layout of cells
4- C/I (for omni-antenna)
5- Traffic per cell
 6- Number of calls/cell/hr
7- Maximum carried traffic
8- Total number of users

Solution

 q = √ 3 N  6 = √ 3 N  N = 12
 N = i2 + j2 + ij  i = 2 and j = 2 j=2
j=2
j=2 i=2 i=2

i=2
 i=2

j=2 i=2 i=2 j=2

j=2

1
 For omni-antenna  C/I = = 23.34 dB
6¿¿
25 X 106
 # of channels per cell = = 69 channels/cell
30 X 10 3∗12
Traffic per cell = 58.2 erlang
¿ of calls∗call duration ¿ of calls∗100
 Traffic per cell =  58.2 = = 2095 calls/cell/hr
3600 3600
 Total # of cells = total area coverage/ area of each cell
Total # of cells = 1000 /8 = 125 cells
 Max carried Traffic = Traffic per cell * total # of cells
Max carried traffic = 58.2*125 = 7275 erlang
 Total # of users = # of users (calls) per cell * total # of cells
Total # of users = 2095*125 = 261875 users

2- A cellular system has a total bandwidth of 20 MHz required to achieve C/I = 18.7
dB if GOS = 2%, if channel spacing = 200 KHz. Find:
1- Frequency reuse pattern
2- Number of channels/cell
3- Number of traffic channels/cell if assume 2 control channels/cell
4- Offered load or capacity per cell

Solution
1 1
 N = [ 6 (C/I) ] 0.5  N = [ 6 (C/I) ] 0.5 = 7
3 3
 6
20 X 10
 Total # of channels/cell = total BW/(N*channel spacing) = 3 = 14
200 X 10 ∗7
channels/cell
 # of traffic channels/cell = total # of channels/cell – control channels/cell = 14 - 2 = 12
traffic channels/cell
 Since Gos = 2% and # of traffic channels = 12  Offered traffic load/cell = 6.6
Actual traffic load/cell (cell capacity) = 6.6 (1 – 0.02) = 6.4 erlang

3- Consider a cellular system using 7 reuse pattern and has 395 traffic channels, if we
assume each MS generates 1 call per busy hour and average call time is 2 min if
GOS=2%. Find:
1- Traffic per MS
2- C/I for (omni antenna, 3 sector)
3- System capacity

Solution
¿ of calls∗call duration 1∗2/60
 Traffic per MS/hr =  = 9.26 x 10-6 erlang
3600 3600

Omni- All 6 interferences 6 interferences equally All 6 interferences
antenna exist at cell site distributed at cell site, edge, and exist at cell edge
1 vertex (worst case
C/I = −4 = 18.7 dB 1
6q scenario)
C/I = −4 1
2q + 2 ( q−1 )−4 +2 ( q+1 )− 4 C/I = = 14.4
= 17.3 dB 6¿¿
dB
3 sectors The 2 interferences The 2 interferences exist at cell
antenna exist at cell site edge (worst case scenario)
1 1
C/I = −4 = 23.4 dB C/I =
2¿ ¿
= 19.2 dB
2q

 Traffic load for all traffic channels (system capacity) = 380.87 erlang (from the table)
System Capacity (Actual traffic load of all channels) = 380.87 (1 - 0.02) = 373.25 erlang