ICT Development Roadmap

CHANGUNARAYAN
MUNICIPALITY INFORMATION
AND COMMUNICATION
ROADMAP DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
Table of Content
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... i
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................................... 3
STUDY ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. 4
Post-election plans and policies of the municipality ........................................................................... 4
Plans and policies of the Fiscal year 2075/76 ..................................................................................... 5
Plans and policies of the Fiscal year 2076/2077 ................................................................................. 6
Plans and policies of the Fiscal year 2077/78 and Aligning with Digital Nepal Framework ............. 7
ICT Status of the municipality ............................................................................................................ 9
IT Adoption....................................................................................................................................... 10
Key Challenges and requirement ...................................................................................................... 11
RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................... 14
Digital Foundation ............................................................................................................................ 14
Agriculture ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Healthcare ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Education .......................................................................................................................................... 42
Energy ............................................................................................................................................... 50
Tourism ............................................................................................................................................. 52
Finance .............................................................................................................................................. 59
Urban Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................... 61
Prioritization matrix ........................................................................................................................... 73
Research and ICT related Local Level policies ................................................................................ 77
BUDGET PLANNING ....................................................................................................................... 80
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 81
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
To improve existing governance practices Information and Communication Technologies

(ICTs) has been identified as a very new factor to be a major driving force of building
information societies and economics. As shown by the reports the main benefit of the
technology-based e-governance is seen in the building of a full-fledged open information
society by providing a wide range of online public services, fostering mutually effective public-
private- partnerships, gaining visible economic gains, in enhancing representative democracy
by overcoming low levels of electoral participation, and – most importantly – in fundamentally
changing present governance practices and models. At the local level, e-governance and the
appropriate use of ICT can enhance and support economic and social development, particularly
in empowering officials and municipal representatives, ensuring linkages, networking, timely,
efficient, transparent, and accountable services. E-local governance means exploiting the
power of ICT to help transform the accessibility, quality, and cost-effectiveness of public
service and to help revitalize the relationship between customers and citizens and the public
bodies who work for their benefit. The main purpose of the project is to help local decision-
makers to make informed policy choices and understand the practical challenges and
opportunities that introducing local e-government implies.
i
INTRODUCTION
In this era of everything smart named the transportation, communication, agriculture, and other
factors a smart city to live in is a dream of every citizen. With this very dream of making
Changunarayan municipality a smart municipality, MOSES (Strategic Partner Frost &
Sullivan) has teamed up with the municipality and have been working together to carry out a
detailed study of the prevailing processes, services, and operations of the municipality to
identify the pros and cons and rectify those identified cons and further carry out and improve
and implement practices which will help to cater the need and fulfill the dream of the
municipality to turn them into one.
This report points out all the essential findings which can go head-to-head with the enablement
of ICT which we figured out going through the annual budget and plan for the fiscal year
2075/76, 2076/77, 2077/78 along with the election manifesto of the ruling party of that
municipality and we are also trying to align it with the Digital Nepal Framework formulated
by the government of Nepal.
This report consists of the existing ICT status of the municipality data on the current scenario
of Changunarayan municipality related to sectors like health, education, agriculture, tourism,
environment, infrastructure, energy, and finance.
The objective of the study

● To come up with a plan to develop the Communication and Information Technology
Infrastructure of Changunarayan Municipality.
● To align the plan to develop the communication and Information Technology
Infrastructure of Changunarayan Municipality with the Digital Nepal Framework.
● To suggest the required policies and programs on how Changunarayan Municipality
can be Digitally Transformed.
● To suggest how the policy, budget, and program to be implemented by the
Changunarayan Municipality in this Fiscal Year should include a plan on how to
implement as many schemes as possible in a safe, comprehensive, and transparent
manner through the use of information and communication technology.
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● To understand the various service delivery mechanism and processes and the existing
challenges within them.
● To provide recommendations for effective service delivery mechanisms.
Study Methodology
● Data and information collected through primary and secondary methods about the
municipality services, assets project details, and challenges for service delivery
processes.
● Studied secondary information on different sectors like health, education, agriculture,
infrastructure from various sources.
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Changunarayan Municipality
Changunarayan Municipality is one of the four municipalities in Bhaktapur district known for
its historical and archaeological significance. It is situated at an altitude of 1372 to 2191 m
above sea level. The municipality has a total area of 62.98 sq. Km. It is bounded on the east by
Kavre, on the west by Kageshwari Manohara Municipality, Kathmandu and Madhyapur Thimi
Municipality, Bhaktapur, on the north by Shankharapur Municipality, Kathmandu, and the
south by Suryabinayak Municipality and Bhaktapur Municipality. The total number of
households in the municipality is 12970 while the population is 28438 females and 26992
males and the total population is 55430.
The Changunarayan Municipality has been formed by the Government of Nepal by declaring
the local level on 2073-11-27. As per the decision of the Council of Ministers dated 2071-8-
16, Changunarayan Municipality including Changunarayan, Jhaukhel, Chaling, Duwakot
VDCs, and Mahamanjushree Nagarkot Municipality including Nagarkot Bageshwari, Sudal,
and Tathali VDCs was declared. Later, Mahamanjushree Nagarkot Municipality was merged
to form Nagarkot Municipality. After Changunarayan Municipality and Nagarkot Municipality
merged to become Changunarayan Municipality, 9 wards have been established and the center
of the municipality is in Kharipati, Bhaktapur.
After the formation of local government, the long-term goal of the municipality is to move
towards the development of Agriculture, Tourism, and Infrastructure. The municipality is
promoting organic farming along with the modernization and commercialization of local
produce. Another focal fiscal year 2077/78 is the conservation of cultural and historical
heritages to promote the tourism industry in the municipality. Finally, the infrastructures like
transportation, health, education, and drinking water are the basis for economic development.
The completion of ongoing and planned infrastructural development works is set as the priority
for the economic development of the municipality.
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STUDY ANALYSIS
After the election of the local bodies in the year 2074, local levels of Nepal got their first elected
representatives after 2 decades. The election was conducted in three phases. On state3, state 4
and state 6 election was held in the first phase which was on 31st of Baisakh, in the second
phase on 14th of Ashad state 1, state 5 and state 7 the election was held and in the third phase,
the election was held in the province 2 on 2nd of Aswin.
Post-election plans and policies of the municipality
Information and technologies have become an integral part of every Government world-wide.
When the local level representatives were elected then the municipalities started to formulate
the budget and plans for the development works and operation of the municipality.
Changunarayan municipality also came up with the plans of turning themselves into a smart
municipality so they started integrating ICT projects into their Annual plans and policies.
The municipality started the feasibility study of the Smart Automated Tourist Guide System.
Similarly, in the sector of Infrastructure, they started the feasibility study of the smart Drinking
water project for Challing area in the same fiscal year. Municipality also established
Emergency centers which will be a crucial role player during the time of emergencies.
For the betterment of the municipal organizational development and good governance, the
municipality started the GPS mapping and household survey to avail the services of the
municipality to the general public effectively and efficiently.
To make the service more effective and make their staff responsible the municipality has
installed biometric attendance and CCTV.
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Plans and policies of the Fiscal year 2075/76
In this fiscal year, the municipality centralized its motive to fulfill the sustainable development
goal set forth by the United Nations. To fulfill the Nepal government's prosperous Nepal,
Happy Nepalis’ slogan, the municipality is also formulating their plans and policies
accordingly. In this fiscal year, the municipality took a step to develop an electronic profile of
the municipality and make a five-year master plan based on that profile. The municipality
planned to come up with the idea of land management and utility by proper land use for
agriculture production, industrial state, residential area, forests and open spaces.
Smart automated Tourist Guide System was initialized by the local government with the motto
of ‘Tourists' tax to Tourism’ moto. Similarly, the municipality had completed risk and
sensitivity assessments in the tourism sector. Also, the municipality’s level information about
lands through GIS mapping had already been collected.
The municipality had planned to come up with the required Detail Project Report of the
Municipal Transportation Master Plan. The citizens will be provided with good governance by
ensuring Transparency, Accountability, Honesty and Dutifulness while availing the services.
The municipality had plans to come up with the Cooperatives and Poverty alleviation
Management Information System (COPOMIS). Municipality planned to provide access to
information and technology to its citizens. The Smart Drinking water program in Chhiling area
was also in an initial phase in this fiscal year.
To prepare a Detailed Project Report for the feasibility of the Landfill Site, Organic Compost
Plant, and Faucal sludge treatment plant along with the sewer system treatment plant. Also, the
municipality had decided to keep the municipal level disaster response team active in standby
position 24x7.
Installed biometric attendance system and CCTV available to all the offices of the municipality.
Ensure one ward one Wi-Fi has zone, one ward one e-library to ensure the presence of
municipality among the youths of the municipality. Also, ensure maximum reach for the
citizens of the municipality through mobile applications. Computerized and digitized all the
architectural design of the houses by optimum utilization of information technology. Archive
and update the statistics and information in the data management system and profile in the
software.
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Install a token system to provide prompt services to its citizens in a first in first out (FIFO)
manner. To avail quick and easy services to its citizens with the effective implementation of
Information Technologies.
Plans and policies of the Fiscal year 2076/2077
The municipality had continued most of the projects initiated in the previous fiscal year. Also,
the municipality had started different new projects. Completed the design of the
Changunarayan mobile application and dissemination of all the information and activities of
the municipality to the general public of the municipality. In addition, the local government
had also completed the development of the smart automated tourist guide system.
The installation of the municipality level server and CCTV had been completed in the
municipality. Similarly, the biometric attendance system in the community schools located
within the municipality had also initiated.
This year was celebrated as the base year for the implementation of information technology in
the municipality. The municipality has planned the effective and efficient dissemination of the
information to the general public. The management of income tax, house lease tax, business
tax, and other sources of income of the municipality had been carried out from an online
software system. Manage buildings permit system designing and implementing Electronic
Building Permit System in collaboration with development partners. Continuity of the use of
disaster information portals (DIMP). The government had also initiated working on making
community learning centers Information technology-friendly.
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Plans and policies of the Fiscal year 2077/78 and Aligning with Digital
Nepal Framework
Agriculture
Development in the sector of agriculture has been the top priority of Changunarayan
Municipality. Agricultural growth not only provides food security but also helps to create
employment opportunities in the community. The government of Changunarayan municipality
is targeting youths in this sector especially those who returned from foreign countries after the
pandemic by creating prospects for commercial farming. Initiation of Agritech start-up would
be one of the examples. So, in the process of digitizing the agriculture sector, Changunarayan
Municipality can initiate with keeping the record of land on digitalize form. Similarly, to
increase production, digital training programs should be provided to local farmers with the help
of digital technologies. And platforms like E-haat bazaar would be motivated to increase their
profit margin product and develop a better understanding of the market. Further, local people
will benefit from fresh local products conveniently.
Health
Changunarayan Municipality has been distributing free medicine every year to its citizens in
regards to different health-related problems sick as blood sugar, blood pressure, etc. The record
of these medicines and the patient’s details can be digitally recorded so that the municipality
can have data and profiles of its residents to forecast the necessary health services for the
municipality. It can be of immense importance in enhancing the efficiency of health service in
the community. Furth if possible, a real-time database system can be developed and employed
to access the medical history of its residents in case of any medical emergency treatments.
Education
Understanding the need for an online learning platform, Changunarayan municipality initiated
the training and development program for smart classrooms. The municipality was moving to
digital records of student enrollment every year to help the municipality to plan the
infrastructure development and resources such as teachers, books, exam centers and others.
The government is also planning to develop alternative ways to conduct classes (like online
classes) for uncertain times like covid-19 lockdown.
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Tourism
In this sector, Changunarayan Municipality has started its movements towards digitalization to
achieve. It has developed a “Changunarayan tourism mobile application” with a multilingual
helpline. In addition, it has plans of providing free-Wi-Fi services in the tourist area which will
offer greater connectivity to the local as well as international tourists.
Finance
Provision of digital transactions means supporting mobile and internet banking which is
feasible for both users. Payments of government bills and expenses such as water bills,
electricity bills, stamp duties and tax via digital gateway can smoothen and provide hassle-free
services to the public.
Infrastructure
Changunarayan Municipality has started numerous projects towards the infrastructure
development like completion of building own municipality office buildings and also
installation of CCTV cameras inside the building. Data obtained from the CCTV camera can
be used for security purposes and to eliminate any kind of malpractices that is often argued to
be present in governmental offices. Biometric attendance systems can also be implemented to
enhance the work schedule and attendance of employees.
Connectivity
Connectivity in terms of digitizing can be improved via enhancing the internet services and
coverage in the municipality. As the municipality is already planning to provide free Wi-Fi
services to different tourist destinations, this can be extended to different major public places
and routes that will help people get connected easily and safely.
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ICT Status of the municipality
Extension of Internet Service

Changunarayan Municipality has extended the internet service to all of its nine wards, thirteen
community health centers, and eighteen community schools in the municipality.
Implementation of Biometric Attendance System

Immediately after the local level election, Changunarayan Municipality implemented a
Biometric attendance service in all of its wards and municipality buildings to regulate the
attendance service of its belonging staff. The Biometric Attendance System has been
implemented in nine Ward Offices, two Municipality Buildings, thirteen Community Health
Centre and thirteen Community Schools.
Development & Deployment of Darta Chalani & Sifaris System

Darta Chalani & Sifarish system works as the Integrated ERP System for the Ward Offices &
Municipality. It automatically generates specific format sifaris and letters which are being
commonly used in Ward Office different sections of the municipality.
Development & Deployment of Smart Automated Tourist Guide System

A Smart Automated Tourist Guide System has been developed and deployed to guide the
international tourists visiting the World heritage site of Changunarayan and the naturally
diverse Nagarkot Tourist Area.
Customization of Electronic Building Permit System (EBPS)

In association with United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Changunarayan
Municipality has implemented Electronic Building Permit System (EBPS), developed by
Innovation Solution Pvt. Ltd for UNDP. The system has been deployed After the effective
customization of the system Changunarayan Municipality has been implementing an Electronic
Building Permit System for the last 3 months.
Installments of LED Digital Notice Board

Installation of LED Digital Notice Board main objective is to deliver the municipality notices,
news and announcement to the public visiting the offices & ward offices.
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Recruitment of Independent Consultant for AMC of ICT Parts
After the Recruitment of an independent consultant for AMC of ICT Parts regular maintenance
& servicing municipality, work efficiency has been tremendously increased.
IT Adoption
The government of Nepal has formulated Policies and regulatory frameworks to govern the
ICT sector of the country.
Several policies and regulatory frameworks governing the ICT sector provide a basic
foundation for the Digital Nepal framework. The National ICT Policy seeks to enhance the
vision of transforming Nepali society into knowledge and information-based society. It will be
important to understand the role of a holistic policy regime that transcends the ICT domain.
There could be a need to revisit investment and trade policies to secure large scale private
sector participation in various sectors within the digital economy such as (e-commerce, sharing
economy, and IT-enabled services) The government has also developed the Government
Enterprise Architecture (GEA) and Nepal e-Governance Interoperability Framework (NeGIF)
which mark some of the foundational initiatives for enabling the roll-out of citizen-centric
digital services and systems that are interoperable and provide a framework for seamless
integration.
Underlying with the above-mentioned policies and regulatory framework as the guide to enable
themselves digitally, Local-level Governments all over Nepal can come up with their digital
roadmap. Digital has been a new trend and a necessity.
As per the policy of the Nepal government to enable digital in every part of the country, most
of the local levels have started to digitize the services they have been providing.
Changunarayan municipality is also one of the municipalities, which has been trying to digitize
the services it has been providing its citizens.
The municipality has been working to create an ICT environment in schools in recent years. It
has successfully able to provide ICT tools and disciple to promote digital familiarity among
students. Similarly, almost every school has a computer/ICT lab, laptop and multimedia
projector for lower secondary classes (grade six and above) with connected Wi-Fi in schools.
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Wi-Fi services are provided in every municipality and ward office along with health posts and
tourist areas. The local government is on the way to digitalize old government records.
Citizens of the Changunarayan municipality, especially in urban areas are adapting to digital
services like online or digital payment and e-commerce. Although there is a need to expand
those digital services to the rural population.
Key Challenges and requirement

Services provided by the municipality or wards and challenges
The Changunarayan municipality office and nine ward offices provide various designated
services like issuance of citizenship certificates, real estate transfer, social security distribution
and subsidy distribution. These services are primarily provided by municipality and ward
offices. There is a provision of online services but the system is not well developed and citizens
are also not aware and used to of these services provided by the municipality and wards.
Service delivery challenges prevail in the Changunarayan Municipality. The citizens of the
municipality have not still adapted online and digital services, which creates a high number of
service seekers every day. Therefore, both parties are facing challenges in receiving and
delivering government services efficiently.
Challenges for successful implementation of e-Government initiatives1

Many obstacles can hinder the introduction of e-Government. The variety and scope of e-
Government initiatives indicate the presence of a wide range of barriers to their implementation
and management. This segment will briefly present the most relevant and popular challenges
for the implementation of e-Government in local government.
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ANALYZING CHALLENGES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF E-GOVERNMENT IN MUNICIPALITIES WITHIN KATHMANDU VALLEY
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The challenges, grouped based on their similarities, resulted in five separate aspects, such as
economy, human, technological, organizational, and regulatory, among others.
Financial Human Technical
Regulator &
Organizational
others
Financial Challenge
The lack of financial support for capital investment in new Information and Communication
Technology is one of the major challenges in implementing e-based services in municipalities.
The funding for e-Government programs is also the most serious and significant barrier for the
implementation of e-Government due to lack of capital; high operation cost for eGovernment
implementation, the high cost of implementation and maintenance of the computer systems and
networking setup, hardware, software, training and education, are seen as major Challenges for
municipalities to initiate e-based services. The budget constraint for ICT investment is a major
challenge in the implementation of e-service in municipalities.
Human Challenges
The level of human capacity is one of the key factors affecting the roll-out of e-government in
a region. The problem of human capacity is twofold – one refers to the public administration
skills and expertise required to execute eGovernment programs, while the other refers to the
external population – people who need IT literacy to fully benefit from eGovernment
applications. The majority of respondents agree that lack of leadership support is a big human
obstacle for the e-service initiative in municipalities.
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Technical Challenges
ICT technology is regarded as one of the primary obstacles for the launch of e-Government
services. ICT technology is the guiding force behind the introduction of e-services by
organizations. The municipal infrastructure is the physical component of the municipal e-
model. Equipment and networking, whether wired or wireless, are the cornerstone of the
exchange of information both within the municipality and with the other agencies. The lack of
technological resources is a major bottleneck for countries to introduce and sustain e-
government.
Organizational Challenges
To achieve the good results of e-Government, it is proposed that a joint agency be set up to get
the organization closer. Collaboration and collaboration at a local, regional and national level,
as well as between public and private organizations, are key elements of the e-Government
growth process. Lack of action strategies is one of the most important operational obstacles for
the introduction of e-service programs in municipalities. Similarly, the proper treatment of
change management is another big problem for the implementation of e-services.
Regulatory and Other Challenges

Several studies have found that protection is one of the most important obstacles to the
implementation of eGovernment initiatives. Safety means the security of all information and
systems from unauthorized access or unauthorized alteration or destruction. It also relates to
the security of information systems, properties and the regulation of access to information
itself. ICT literacy is mandatory to enable people to use government-provided online services.
Countries like Nepal have a low level of literacy in general and information technology in
particular.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
The penetration of the internet and technology has proved to be a crucial element in
economic growth. The Digital Nepal Framework was a blueprint, which provided a roadmap
to leverage the potential of digital technology for development in Nepal. The initiatives
proposed by Digital Nepal mainly focus on eight sectors namely; Digital Foundation,
Agriculture, Healthcare, Education, Energy, Tourism, Finance and Urban Infrastructures.
These initiatives can be mapped according to the vision of Changunarayan municipality’s
communication and information technology development plans.
Digital Foundation
Digital foundation is the foundation of the Digital Road Map Program for Changunarayan
Municipality. While Internet penetration in Nepal has risen sharply in the past few years, a
large section of Nepalese remains digitally uninitiated due to concerns around affordability,
access, and digital illiteracy. The program intends to bridge this gap by providing broader
access to connectivity using public-private partnerships and government initiatives.
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Public Wi-Fi Hotspots
A hotspot is a physical location where people may obtain Internet access, typically using Wi-
Fi technology, via a wireless local area network (WLAN) using a router connected to an
internet service provider (ISP). Public Wi-Fi Hotspot will provide free internet access in
public areas especially in Tourist centric places and educational institutions.
Action
Set up Wi-Fi hotspots via PPP route in public places in the Changunarayan municipality,
which offer free basic Internet services (e.g., 1 hour of Internet browsing per day, and
chargeable at a nominal rate beyond the limit). The connection of hotspots should be
prioritized first in key public areas, including tourist spots, markets, and educational
institutions.
Outcome
• Enable underprivileged sections of society to access the internet free, who were not
able to afford access to the internet due to the high cost of internet services.
• Increase accessibility of the internet to local people.
Way out
• Develop an operational guideline, modalities, and mechanism for establishing,

operating, supporting, maintenance, ownership delegation, revenue sharing and
sustaining a public Wi-Fi in a public space and public office.
• Incorporate the components of minimum standards to be followed for the safety,
security and other technical benchmarking of the public Wi-Fi initiated or in
operation.
• Develop a policy document to support and partially subsidize the installing,
operational and other associated costs related to public Wi-Fi in partnership with the
local public organization, provided that the basic standards, service requirements and
technical specifications are met by the public WIFI services in that particular public
space.
• Develop a mechanism to collect the payment using the mobile balance from th
Internet users accessing the Internet beyond the free service period provided.
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• Open call to the local public institutions for installing and operating public WiFi in
public spaces, including tourist attractions, open amenities, public offices, and places
where the community at large can safely and freely access the public WiFi.
Case study: Leading telecom operator in Indonesia connects 1,000 schools with high-speed Internet
XL Axiata, a leading telecom operator in Indonesia, launched the 1,000 School Broadband Program in October 2016. As a
part of the program, XL Axiata facilitated 1,000 schools in various provinces to connect to high-speed Internet networks as
part of its ongoing CSR activities in support of government programs for school digitization. The program helped more than
400,000 students and thousands of teachers in the learning process.
Digital Innovation and Co-creation Hub

The Digital Innovation and Co-creation Hub serves as a platform to enable start-ups to have
access to high-speed broadband and fiber-optic connectivity, funding (private and
government), R&D facilities, collaboration with educational institutes in the municipality. It
should work towards open innovation hubs, research labs, incubators, and accelerators to
foster cooperation between educational institutes and the corporate world on student
internships and business-based projects:
Action
Department of Communications and IT, Department of Education, and educational institute

in the municipality can collaborate to develop the Digital Innovation and Co-creation Hubs in
all wards. The objective of the Hub should be to foster the development of the digital start-up
ecosystem.
Initially, organize lectures, workshops, and seminars for university students to highlight the
latest workplace trends and skills enhancement. The education curriculum needs to be
redesigned which can be done after interacting with industry players.
Outcome
• Encourage the development of a supporting eco-system for start-ups.

• Increase job opportunities in the municipality and creating local entrepreneurs.
• Foster innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship in youths
• Promote thought leadership and help improve the employability of students,
particularly at the university and vocational level.
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• Help to reduce the gap between education and practical job skills.
Wayout
● Develop a partnership concept for the hub model between the academia, industry,
local government and other stakeholders/service providers.
● Identify and engage the champions and relevant stakeholders from all the above four
sectors in initiating and operationalization the hub.
● Develop operating standards and inter-cooperation (collaboration) as well as
competition mechanisms between these hubs nationally and internationally.
● Develop a regular pipeline mechanism for onboarding the new hub-habitants and
keeping the hub- graduates in regular connection.
● Provide/build up angle and venture capital funding mechanism to the hub-habitants
and graduates both at local, national and international levels.
Case study: Global GiGA Island Initiative - Digital Bangladesh
Korea Telecom (KT)’s GiGA Island is a corporate CSR initiative that aims to enhance the quality of life and provide better
access in terms of education, culture, and healthcare for people who live in remote areas, such as highlands and islands, by
providing high-speed Internet and ICT solutions.
Moheshkhali is a small island located in the southeast of the Bay of Bengal with a total population of 250,000. Due to
geographical limitations and poor telecommunications environment, residents of the island had limited access to public
services including education, medical services, and information.
KT connected the Moheshkhali Island to the inland areas by installing GiGA Microwave wireless network technology and
used copper-based giga-level Internet solution GiGA Wires to circulate network traffic within the island. With the GiGA
Microwave, the island could successfully receive 500 Mbps Internet service, while the GiGA Wire enables Internet speeds of
up to 100 Mbps. The project enabled more than 30% of residents in Moheshkhali to communicate with the world through high-
speed Interne
Welcome to Changunarayan Mobile App

The app provides a wide range of useful information about travel and events that can be
useful to domestic and international tourists.
Action
Develop a mobile platform to include tourist services such as online ticket booking to all
tourist spots in the country, barcodes at heritage sites to provide information on the area in
tourists’ local language, online booking feature for cabs and tourist guides, accommodation
details, and other tourist-related services. Enable tourists to obtain trekking permits through
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the website or mobile application. The website is currently available on Android and should
be extended to include other operating systems such as Apple iOS and Linux to increase
reach.
Outcome
● Digital visual map of all the equipment including poles and transformers to help
locate failure and increase efficiency in managing and maintaining this equipment
● Provide on-the-go information to tourists
● Save time and effort in making bookings and planning holidays
● Encourage cashless transactions, which in turn, will further boost the Nepali economy
Wayout
● Develop the Plan (see what and how other agencies created, create a statement of
work by leveraging sample application)
● Develop application and Test in all four areas: security/privacy, accessibility, and
functionality/UX and app performance
● Launch and promote the application
Case Study
eTicketing of monument entrance tickets
e-tickets for access to 116 monuments across India using the web and mobile phones. While at the site, tourists can use their
phones to access the available audio-visual guides and combine them with venue-specific barcodes encapsulating the
information.
Changunarayan Municipality App

Mobile Application for New-Age Governance brings forth a cohesive system making e-
governance measures, schemes, policies, and services accessible to the citizens on a single
platform bringing down the complexity of the whole process.
Action
The local government should launch an app, which integrates all government departments
and bodies. The app should act as an aggregator of all services provided by the government,
local agencies, and municipal bodies.
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Outcome
● Improve overall Nepal’s rankings on UN’s E-Government Development Index.

● Make local government data more accessible, facilitate the development of new
applications and services
Wayout
● Build a common, unified platform and common mobile app to facilitate single-point
access of major Government services through mobile.
● Partner with an agency for developing, operating and managing the mobile
application.
eGovernance 2.0
eGovernance 2.0 refers to government policies that aim to harness collaborative technologies
and interactive Internet tools to create an open-source computing platform in which
government, citizens, and innovative companies can improve transparency and efficiency.
Action
The local government of Changunarayan municipality has made considerable progress in

eGovernance in the past few years, as reflected by an improvement in its E-Governance
Development Index rankings. However, most government websites including local
government websites and apps are interactional in nature providing services such as online
form submissions, queries, correspondence, and download forms.
Outcome
● It will help to improve overall Nepal’s rankings on the UN’s E-Government

Development Index
● Improve access to citizen services.
● Reduce the cost and effort required for providing and accessing government services.
Wayout
● Collaborate with relevant ministries and departments in terms of electronic

transactions.
● Undertake regular up-gradation, maintenance, and support of the technology,
hardware, network, software eGovernance 2.0 of the system.
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Paperless Government to promote collaboration
A paperless office is a work environment in which the use of paper is eliminated or greatly
reduced. Converting documents and other papers into digital form, a process known as
digitization, do this.
Action
The Changunarayan municipality should digitize all internal and external processes to emerge
as a paperless Government. The program, led by MoCIT, should be supported by all other
government bodies. The department can establish a multi-functional task force for the
identification and digitization of processes in a time-bound manner.
Outcome
● Cost reduction and operational efficiency due to lower need to travel and faster
decision-making.
● Digitalization of records to result in better document management.
● Envision adequate time range for shifting from paper-based to paperless systems.
Wayout
● Collaborate with ministries and departments of IT to make all paper-based documents

to be digitized.
● Ensure reliable internet connectivity in the offices for the paperless government.
Digital Literacy Training

Digital literacy training is aimed at helping adults gain the skills required to function in an
increasingly digital and online environment.
Action
The local government should consider PPPs with local and international NGOs to provide
digital literacy training to digitally uninitiated sections of society. The government should
encourage locally running NGOs to leverage training centers, computer labs, and citizen
cyber cafes in departments and educational institutions to provide digital literacy courses for
a nominal fee/free.
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Outcome
Digital literacy (especially among underprivileged sections and remote rural areas) is a key
barrier to digital revolution in Nepal. Digital Literacy training will enable people to
understand the benefits of the Internet and also benefit from various initiatives to be launched
under the program.
Wayout
● Design and develop a Digital Literacy Training platform incorporating the outcome of
the consultation document.
hardware, network, software, a platform of the system.
● Integrate some rewarding mechanisms for the public & civil employees who
accomplish the courses from Digital Literacy Training.
● Participate in Government agencies with NGOs for Digital Literacy Training.
Local government e-learning platform

An online learning platform is an integrated set of interactive online services including
Webinar (real-time distance learning via the internet), E-learning (distance learning via the
internet with the help of lecturers), E-learning on demand (distance learning via the internet
where trainees dictate the pace of learning), and In-class learning for specific topics which
are processed digitally that provides civil servants, trainers, learners, and others involved with
information, tools and resources to support and enhance their knowledge and skills for
delivery of their services.
Action
Making public servants digitally ready is essential for the success of the Digital program for
Changunarayan Municipality. IT department of the municipality should take the lead in
developing an eLearning Platform, which can also be used by other local government
agencies to provide digital/online training to their employees. Department of IT should
develop a platform, which can be used by IT and training teams of respective government
departments to create training modules relevant to their needs.
Outcome
● Make public servants digitally ready.
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● Reduce cost and increase the reach of training programs by leveraging digital
technologies.
● Improve operational efficiency and employee productivity.
● Improve employee skills and capabilities.
Wayout
● Commission strategy study in consultation with the other relevant ministries,

departments, Colleges, Public Service Commission for designing, developing and
operationalization of the Government eLearning Platform in the municipality.
● Design and develop a Digital Government eLearning Platform incorporating the
outcome of the consultation document.
● Develop and deliver (minimum 8 courses) pilot eLearning programs for the public
servants.
● Integrate some rewarding mechanism for the public servants who accomplish the
eLearning courses from the Government eLearning Platform.
hardware, network, software, a platform of the system.
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Agriculture
Changunarayan Municipality initiatives in the agriculture sector encompass technological

solutions aimed at maximizing yield and minimizing agricultural input. The use of Agri-tech
solutions is anticipated to boost farm productivity and sustainability to meet growing food
consumption, and in turn, increase farmers’ incomes.
eHaat Bazaar
eHaat Bazaar is a single-window service for all Agriculture related service and product and
also enable digital payments for farmers.
Action
E-Haat bazaar should be a pan-municipality electronic trading portal, which networks the
existing haat / mandi bazaars to create a unified market for agricultural commodities. It
should provide a single-window service for all haat bazaar-related information and services.
This includes commodity arrivals and prices, buying and selling trade offers, and provision to
respond to trade offers.
In addition, the introduction of digital payments as part of the platform to credit

earnings/funds directly to local farmers’ accounts can enable farmers to increase margins and
reduce handling costs.
Outcome
● The initiative will help to correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in the
agricultural market, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of
agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, under the
mandate of the Doha Development Round.
● It will help to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their
derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food
reserves, to limit extreme food price volatility.
● The initiative will improve access to markets for farmers, thereby improving farmer
income Help farmers to sell their crops directly to the respective buyers and growth in
the overall agricultural sector, attracting the youths in a locality to participate in the
sector.
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Wayout
• Initiation study and mapping of the stakeholders, identification of the champions and
best entry point/pilots.
• eHaat Bazaar project requires pan-Nepal- feasibility analysis, requirement analysis
and system design.
• Design, development, testing and implementation of the pan-Nepal eHaat Bazaar
project
• Integration and incorporate all the institutions, private sector champions, local market
ecosystem actors and stakeholders in eHaat Bazaar online system.
• Design and develop a sustainable revenue model for the local actors as well as
institutions to contribute to the eHaat Bazaar initiative.
• Regular maintenance, training, upgradation, monitoring and evaluation of the eHaat
Bazaar initiative.
• Design and develop concerned modules for all the relevant stakeholders in the
application and other system development.
• eHaat Bazaar digital initiative project Initiation study and mapping of the
stakeholders,
Precision Agriculture
Precision agriculture (PA) is an approach to farm management that uses information
technology (IT) to ensure that the crops and soil receive exactly what they need for optimum
health and productivity. The goal of PA is to ensure profitability, sustainability and protection
of the environment. PA is also known as satellite agriculture, as-needed farming and site-
specific crop management (SSCM).
Action
Current productivity levels in almost every part of Nepal overall are low compared to
developed countries and South Asian neighbors that offer valuable lessons in optimal
utilization of resources. The use of technology in farm management in the Changunarayan
municipality could improve efficiencies and lead to lower dependency on manpower. Better
farm management and monitoring enabled by wireless sensor networks, mobile applications,
and precision farming could alert farmers on soil readiness and quality, water requirements,
optimal harvest time, and market information. Precision agriculture initiatives should aim to:
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Technology-driven applications such as wireless sensors and mobile applications for farm
management solutions will enhance efficiencies, and reduce labor dependency. The real-time
information on market prices, demand and supply, soil quality, climate, and the water level
will support farmers to increase profits and productivity (output per hectare).
Outcome
The main outcome of this initiative will be in achieving SDGs like End hunger, achieve food
security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. The initiative will help
to achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological
upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labor-intensive
sector.
Wayout
A study should be commissioned to identify the best practices and document the most
suitable model for Precision Agriculture in Changunarayan municipality. It will also help to
adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their
derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information.
● Develop and propose a concept note, proposal, roadmap, action plan and other
necessary documents and resources for initiating and implementing the Precision
agriculture digital initiative
● Develop Precision Agriculture System and introduce, on-board, adopt and use of the
technology by the farmers, government bodies, private sectors and other relevant
stakeholders in the PA system
● Intervene and provide incentives to the market actors, researchers, farmers and other
stakeholders to promote and accelerate the PA system.
● Develop and carry out regular monitoring and evaluation, system upgradation,
maintenance and support to PA System.
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Agriculture Tools Sharing
Agriculture tools sharing is a sharing of agricultural input and tools such as fertilizers, seeds,
chemicals, and agriculture machinery to farms. The main aim is to raise the level of
agriculture service in farming through the power of technology and a strong franchise
network to make farm service easily accessible, affordable and reachable to farmers.
Action
The local government should consider collaborating with national digital platforms (e.g.
mobile apps) to efficiently manage the process of agriculture input provision and rental of
agricultural machinery from the existing agriculture and livestock service center of
Changunarayan municipality. These tools could enable sharing of farmer-owned agriculture
machinery. For example, framers can rent out their tractors, when not in use, to other farmers
in the locality.
Outcome
Agriculture tool sharing will help in achieving SDG to achieve higher levels of economic
productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation. It will also
boost the utilization of resources and meeting the gap between demand and supply. Better
access to agriculture tools and technologies will improve the overall agricultural productivity
of the Changunarayan municipality.
Wayout
A detailed study will help to provide suggestions about the best practice suitable for adoption
in Changunarayan municipality. Along with that, a new IT system with web-portal and
mobile application for agriculture tools sharing should incorporate the C2C, B2C, G2C, and
agent to customer model of leasing, lending, and sharing mechanism.
● Standard pay-per-use modalities and use-case for sharing these agriculture tools and
equipment should be developed although these platforms taking into consideration the
sustainability of the sharing business ecosystem.
● Commission a study to document and propose the best practice suitable for adoption
in Nepal for sharing of the agricultural tools and equipment.
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● Develop an IT system, with web-portal and mobile application for agriculture tools
sharing which should incorporate the C2C, B2C, G2C and agent to customer model of
leasing, lending, and sharing mechanism.
● Develop a standard pay-per-use modality and use-case for sharing these agriculture
tools and equipment through these platforms taking into consideration the
sustainability of the sharing business ecosystem.
● Intervene the market with promotional activities for adoption and practice of sharing
the agricultural tools and equipment by reducing the annual renewal tax for equipment
like Tractors or other incentives to encourage farmers and agents to adopt a digital
enabled sharing economy.
maintenance, and support to Agriculture tools sharing System.
Case study: Start-ups in India targeting supply chain inefficiencies, falling yields, knowledge-sharing issues, and
agricultural wastage
Crofarm: Founded in May 2016, Crofarm is an agricultural supply chain start-up that aims to address wastage during
distribution and sale of farm produce by digitizing the supply chain for fruits and vegetables. The system:
Procures products with longer shelf life from national sourcing zones and perishables from regional sourcing zones
Enables farmers using the platform to reportedly earn 25% higher than if they sold their produce to rural markets (mandis)
Aibono: A smart farming collective that provides farm-related intelligence, technology, expertise and gadgets, and precision
agriculture. Shares resources and expertise with small-scale farmers along with shared instruments to map data onto the
cloud:
Helping to increase yields by nearly 50% for 140 farmers working in the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu
CropIn: A farm management company that seeks to digitize the entire agriculture ecosystem to deliver smart agriculture
solutions with live reporting capabilities, analysis, interpretation, and insights on farming operations.
EM3 Agri Services: Aims to increase agricultural productivity by delivering technology and mechanization to the farming
community on a pay-per-use basis:
Offers Samadhan Farming-as-a-Service (FaaS), a platform that allows technology to cost-efficiently reach farmers and farms
using a network of farm centers (Samadhan Kendras)
Intello Labs: Invented a first-of-its-kind application and equipment to test, grade, and analyze the visual quality parameters
of agricultural commodities:
Uses AI and deep learning to measure crop quality parameters including infestation incidence, nutrient deficiencies, harvest
quality, evaluation of fruits, vegetables, grains and other crops, and farm-to-fork commodities
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Tessol: Provides energy-efficient and fuel-saving refrigeration technologies for cold chain storage and logistics. Its flagship
range, PLUGnCHILL, targets transport refrigeration and uses the proprietary phase change material (PCM) heat exchanger
technology, providing 60% cost savings by eliminating the use of fuels.
Other prominent start-ups in agriculture include Aarav Unmanned Systems, Ninjacart, Gramco Infratech Pvt Ltd, FarmLink,
and Gold Farm.
Digital Disbursements for MSP and Subsidies

Digital Disbursements enable the local government to send mass payouts via a simple, secure
process that needs only basic information about the farmer. And, payments can be settled into
recipient accounts in minutes instead of days. These disbursements can be performed by
using a platform that is integrated and connected to the beneficiaries’ accounts through a
digital mechanism called direct benefit transfer.
Action
The local government of Changunarayan municipality should promote digital payments to

farmers’ accounts for crops procured at minimum support prices. All government subsidies
and payments should be made directly into the beneficiaries’ accounts.
Outcome
● Help in achieving SDGs related to encouraging and expanding access to banking,

insurance and financial services
● Streamline and shorten the time required for payment
● Reduce leakages and corruption, as payments go directly to the beneficiaries' accounts
● Increase the financial inclusion of farming communities
● Improve tracking and auditing processes
Wayout
● Commission a study to aggregate all the MSP and subsidies schemes provided by the
central, province and local level governments.
● Conduct a feasibility study to design and develop a suitable proposed IT-enabled
digital disbursement model for MSP and Subsidies and integrate it with the existing
financial institutions.
● Pilot the system in three adjourning districts of Nepal in the first phase, and grow the
numbers and scale of the districts in a linear fashion.
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● Onboard all the major financial institutions, governing bodies, and relevant private
actors and stakeholders to align with the objective of the digital initiative. Provide
early-movers incentives to the stakeholders.
● Upgrade, review the IT-enabled system and the program for nationwide
implementation.
Digitization of Land Records

Digitization of land records is a process to computerize all land records including land
records maintenance system, digitize maps and survey, update all settlement records and
minimize the scope of land disputes. This provides clear titles of land ownership that could be
monitored easily by government officials, facilitate quicker transactions, and reduce disputes.
Action
Create an electronic register of agricultural land across regions and villages, computerization
of registration documents, digitize maps and surveys, and update all settlement records to
improve transparency around productive land, enable better monitoring, and reduce land
dispute.
Outcome
- Ensure and secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation, and who
perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and type of tenure.
Wayout
● A study needs to be carried out about the scope and limitations of the Digitization of
Land recording digital initiatives, taking into consideration the existing digital or
legacy manual system being in practice within the survey department and land
revenue department and innovating with the new and emerging technologies in spatial
and attribute data of land record.
● Develop Digital Land records policy and implementation guidelines for both
departments of survey and department of land revenue.
● Training and capacity enhancement of the technical and other public servants at the
local level to accept, adopt and use the digital land record information for regular
business related to both spatial and attribute information of land record.
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● Ensuring the ownership and data integrity aspect, integrate and centralized both the
spatial and attribute information of the land records in fully digital format. Integration
can be carried out by incorporating a middle-ware or APIs enabling on-demand
integration of these data and centralization of all these digital land records data from a
common connected platform keeping tight access control.
● Survey/resurvey and updating of the survey & settlement records using the modern
technology options and convert all the existing non-digital attribute or spatial land
records to open standard digital format for further uses. Continue the digital survey of
the un-surveyed areas and strive from paperless land records.
Smart Irrigation Project

SMART Irrigation is Sustainably Managed, Accountable, Responsible and Trusted irrigation.
SMART irrigators aim to minimize their environmental footprint through efficient water use,
and must also run a profitable business. This allows them to reinvest in new and improved
technologies which ensure sustainable and responsible irrigation over time.
Action
Lack of irrigation facilities in remote areas and high dependency on monsoon season are
triggering the need for IoT in the municipality’s agriculture sector. Deployment of IoT for
smart irrigation considers factors like humidity, temperature, and soil moisture to calculate
the water volume required for irrigation on respective fields to minimize water loss and
ensure higher irrigation efficiency. To minimize this risk, the local government should
consider leveraging Smart Irrigation technologies to extend irrigation projects to undeserved,
remote areas as well as offer incentives to foster adoption of these technologies in farms.
Outcome
● Helps in achieving the following SDGs.

● Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably
manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss.
● By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and
inland freshwater ecosystems and their services.
● Ensure availability and sustainable management of water.
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● By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including
through trans boundary cooperation as appropriate.
Wayout
● Define the product and services requirement specification of both decentralized

standalone operational IoT enabled units of smart irrigation system to be deployed in
farmer's fields, and centralized system to aware, inform, manage, coordinate, evaluate,
and innovate the smart irrigation system with real-time data and other analytics.
● Develop a mass scale program and plan to introduce, on-board, adopt and use the
stakeholders.
stakeholders to promote and accelerate the smart irrigation system.
maintenance and support to a smart irrigation system.
Smart Livestock and Wildlife Management

Smart Livestock and wildlife management is the process of managing, monitoring and
tracking the wildlife/livestock activity using current advanced technology like IoT sensors,
drones, cameras, and image recognition software, etc.
Action
The use of IoT sensors, drones, cameras, and image recognition software, for monitoring
cattle, sheep, farm birds as well as wildlife to enable the monitoring and tracking. The sensors
will be connected to a municipality’s control room, which collates all the data and notifies in
case of any changes in climate, environmental conditions, or animal behavior.
Outcome
● Improve animal health and productivity

● Prevent illegal practices such as poaching and protect endangered animals
● Help maintain ecological balance in municipality’s wildlife sector
Way out
● Commission a study to review and propose the areas of integration of digital

technologies in smart livestock management and wildlife protection.
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● Define the product and services requirement specification of both decentralized
standalone operational IoT enabled units of the system to be deployed in this livestock
or wildlife, and centralized system to aware, inform, manage, coordinate, evaluate,
and innovate the system units in real-time data and other analytics.
● Produce or procure the system units for piloting in one district of all the seven
provinces. Implement policies relevant to the digitalization of data ownership and
security information shared by farmers.
● Develop mass scale program and plan to introduce, on-board, adopt and use the
stakeholders.
stakeholders to promote and accelerate the system.
maintenance and support to the system.
Education and training programs for farmers

Digital learning environments are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to
agricultural knowledge and extension systems. Education and training is the process of
facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.
Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed
research.
Action
The development of the modern agricultural sector requires building the skills of farmers.
The government should develop a training curriculum covering areas such as climate change,
supply chain, and standard compliance to produce skilled and knowledgeable farmers. The
qualified farmers can enroll in familiarization and attachment programs via collaborations
with international bodies such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and from
ASEAN counterparts. Skills training on the use and maintenance of farming machinery and
equipment to accelerate farm mechanization and automation are essential to increasing
productivity and reducing labor reliance on foreign workers.
Outcome
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● Help in improving agricultural productivity by imparting necessary know-how to
farmers.
● Help in achieving the following SDGs
● By 2030, ensure equal access to affordable and quality technical, vocational and
tertiary education, including university
Wayout
• Design, develop and integrate a digital learning environment targeting farmers and
their skills and knowledge needs.
● Take lead and coordinate the educational and training materials in collaboration with
the local, national and international organizations delivering courses and training on
this domain. Build partnership with agriculture universities and other academic and
research institutions, a practitioner in the field of agriculture.
● Promote and motivate the farmers to enroll/undertake the training and course sessions
enabled by this digital environment and provide incentives upon their completion of
the course or training.
● Facilitate and support the self-help group as well in this digital learning environment
among farmers and beneficiaries to communicate within themselves and share their
learnings with other farmers.
maintenance and support to system and digital contents.
Case study: Govi Mithuru – A mobile agriculture service by Dialog, Sri Lanka
Dialog Sri Lanka’s Govi Mithuru (Farmer’s Friend or Uzavar Tholan in the Tamil language version) is a value-added service
(VAS) commercially launched in October 2015. The product rollout was supported by a matched funding agreement between
Dialog Sri Lanka and GSMA under the mNutrition Initiative funded by the Department of International Development (DFID)
in the UK. By December 2016, the service had acquired over 250,000 registered users.
Govi Mithuru promises to secure crop and family health. It aims to offer comprehensive advice to farmers in Sri Lanka and
focus on reducing dependence on chemical input, an issue frequently raised in Sri Lanka. Users register with a one-click
response to an outbound dialing (OBD) message, after which they are profiled through a series of OBD calls requiring one-
click responses for profile perimeters, or by dialing 616 and navigating through an interactive voice response (IVR)
registration menu.
The service offers agricultural advice at each stage of the farming cycle, from land preparation to post-harvest support.
Content is provided for eight crops, alongside nutrition and home gardening content, all provided by Centre for Agriculture
and Biosciences International (CABI) Sri Lanka and quality-assured by the Sri Lankan Department for Agriculture.
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State-of-the-art Knowledge Centers & Local Govt Agriculture Centers
State-of-the-art knowledge refers to a platform instrumental in harnessing the power of
scientific knowledge and technology innovation for strengthening agriculture production
systems. It will provide reliable data, useful information, applicable knowledge, the right
technology and innovative solutions to farmers and other stakeholders in agriculture.
Action
Establishment of knowledge centers within the municipality to provide technical knowledge

and skills on agriculture and livestock to the farmers. Additionally, provide applied and
practical know-how on technology and skills through local government agriculture centers.
The government should also ensure that the proposed knowledge and agriculture centers have
the state-of-the-art infrastructure (e.g., high-speed Internet access, videoconferencing
facilities) to enable distance learning.
Outcome
● Helps in achieving the following SDGs.

● Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for farmers
● By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all
levels of education and vocational training
● Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and
communications technology to strengthen the agriculture sector
● Provide universal and affordable access to the Internet
Wayout
● Commission an inception study to design and develop a state-of-the-art knowledge

center and agriculture center.
● Onboard all agriculture experts, universities, colleges, researchers and practitioners
who can either contribute or seek benefits from the knowledge centers. Provide early-
movers incentives to be onboard.
● Provide all the reliable data, useful information, applicable knowledge, right
technology and innovative solutions to farmers and other stakeholders in the
agriculture sector through this platform.
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● Plan and host regular conferences, technology transfer workshops, skills development
training and other extension services for Agri services and farmers.
Healthcare
Initiatives in health aim to assist the municipality in meeting its objectives of providing
quality basic healthcare to all citizens. The program intends to leverage digital technologies
(e.g. e- maternal care, mobile health) to address issues relating to access, affordability, and
quality of healthcare for the Nepalese.
Digital Healthcare Platform

Digital Healthcare platform is a completely web-based application, which connects all public
sector health facilities in Changunarayan Municipality. It helps to reduce inefficiencies and
costs in healthcare delivery, whilst also improving access, increasing quality, and making
medicine more personalized and precise way to address the health problems and challenges
faced by patients.
Action
A Digital Health Platform/Mobile App connecting all public sector health facilities in the
municipality. The platform should provide all information about public sector healthcare
facilities to the citizen and enable easier access to healthcare services.
The platform/app could offer the following facilities to municipality people:
- Information on public healthcare systems and programs
- Information of all nearby healthcare hospitals and centers
- Online booking of appointments with healthcare professionals
- Tracking patients’ healthcare records
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- Nepal can emulate the Telangana Ministry of Health (India) app that allows its citizens to
access services at over 800 public health facilities; the app was developed by the Government
of Telangana in partnership with Mahindra Comviva
Outcome
● Help in achieving SDGs related to universal access to healthcare (Social Sustainable

Goal # 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages)
● Improve access to healthcare services for Nepali citizens
● Enable better citizen experience by providing basic services such as appointment
booking, locating nearby facilities, etc
Wayout
● Evaluate and draw a baseline for the existing national healthcare system and
commission a system analysis, design and development for the National Digital
Healthcare platform and mobile application.
● Identify and incorporate services that make healthcare better for everyone —
doctors, patients, labs, pharmacies, imaging centers, health systems, and other
members of the healthcare ecosystem.
● Develop and carry out regular monitoring and evaluation, system enhancement,
upgradation, maintenance and support to system and digital contents.
Electronic Health Records 2.0

An electronic health record (EHR), or electronic medical record (EMR), is the systematized
collection of patient and population electronically-stored health information in a digital
format. EHR aims to be a miniature warehouse of medical records where the prescriptions,
test reports, medical history, physical and psychological examinations, medication
prescribed, diagnosis and prognosis, a result of treatment and procedure implemented,
allergies and other risk factors, disabilities and many more are accumulated in one folder
without letting patients carry away those details.
Action
Nepal has rolled out Electronic Health Records (EHR) System which combines Electronic
Medical Records (EMR) and hospital management system. However, currently, the EHR
system is been used by only three hospitals. The local government should aim to roll out
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EHR systems across all public and private healthcare facilities in the Changunarayan
Municipality.
Outcome
● Providing accurate, up-to-date, and complete information about patients at the point
of care.
● Reducing costs through decreased paperwork, improved safety, reduced duplication
of testing, and improved health
● Enabling quick access to patient records for more coordinated, efficient care
● Securely sharing electronic information with patients and other clinicians
● Helping providers more effectively diagnose patients, reduce medical errors, and
provide safer care Enabling quick access to patient records for more coordinated,
efficient care
● Initiate a scope-definition / feasibility study for the EHR 2.0 digital initiative. Draw a
baseline for the existing applications and practices of EHR and EMR in Nepal and
elsewhere.
Wayout
● Develop required policies and regulatory framework for ensuring the EMR data
security and privacy requirements working with trusted national partners, vendors and
service providers. Set specific guidelines for communication for implementation
recommendations, workflow ideas, problems and concerns related to EHR
● Design a complete web-based application(EHR) that runs in every platform which
keeps and tracks all the records of patients and doctors' information.
● Identify and pilot the EHR 2.0 services onboarding the doctors, patients, health
systems, and other members of the healthcare ecosystem.
● Develop and carry out regular monitoring and evaluation, system enhancement,
upgradation, maintenance and support to system and digital contents.
Mobile Health Units

Mobile Health Units are customized vehicles that travel to the heart of communities and
provide prevention and healthcare services where people work, live, and play. Mobile health
units/vans will allow healthcare facilities to extend their reach by going directly to the people
in their communities, potentially saving lives and money. They overcome barriers of time,
money, and trust, and provide community-tailored care to vulnerable populations
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Action
The government should work on launching of mobile health units/vans to improve the reach
of healthcare services in underserved areas. The mobile health units should be equipped with
digital connectivity and GPS services for effective tracking, route management, and digital
records management.
Outcome

Wayout
● Commission and conduct a study to incorporate the best practices of digitally enabled
MHU and essential services deliverable to integrate it with the existing legacy model
and practices of health services provided at the central, provincial and local level.
● Establish a minimum standard for produce or procuring the MHU units for piloting in
one district of all the seven provinces and grow the numbers and scale of the districts
in a linear fashion.
● Onboard all the health professionals, government bodies, relevant private actors and
community at large to serve in remote areas. Provide policy incentives to encourage
and attract health workers to work in MHUs.
● Regular review, monitoring, mapping and research of the performance of the MHUs,
schedules and services of the community served for improvement, upgradation, or
maximize the coverage of MHUs.
e - Maternal care
e-Maternal health is a technological platform for tracking records of each pregnant woman
during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. It encompasses the health care
dimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal, and postnatal care to ensure a
positive and fulfilling experience.
Action
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The local government should work on implementing E-Maternal Care to be a technological
platform to track pregnant women and babies. The objective is to maintain accurate medical
records for pregnant women and children, provide healthcare-related information, and enable
access to healthcare services regularly. The targeted beneficiaries of this initiative are
pregnant women, mothers, and newborns.
Outcome
● Help in achieving the following SDGs

● Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
● Reduction in Maternal Mortality Ratio and under five year mortality ratio.
● Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Wayout
● Commission at study to identify the best practices and document the most suitable
model for e-Maternal care digital initiative in the municipality.
● Develop and propose a concept note, proposal, roadmap, action plan and other
necessary documents and resources for initiating and implementing the e-Maternal
care digital initiative
● Develop a mass scale program and plan to introduce, on-board, adopt and use of e-
Maternal care by the primary health care workers, pregnant women, hospitals, private
sectors, government agencies and other relevant stakeholders.
maintenance and support to e-Maternal care System.
Drones for delivery of emergency medical supplies

A delivery drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can be utilized for the delivery of
essential medical supplies and vaccines, and retrieve medical samples, used to deliver blood
and pharmaceutical products to remote areas where people are often isolated due to difficult
terrain, bad road conditions, and seasonal flooding.
Action
The government should consider the use of drones for the delivery of medical supplies and
equipment in case of a medical emergency or natural disaster.
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Department for Communication and Information Technology, Department for Health and
Population, Department for Civil Aviation and Department of Home Affairs should work
together to draft a policy to allow the use of drones for medical emergencies. Additionally,
the Government should consider the use of drones in the healthcare sector for disaster
management and preparedness.
Outcome

● Provide healthcare facilities in rural remote areas with limited / no healthcare
infrastructure
● Improve access to healthcare services for Changunarayan municipality citizens
Wayout
● Commission a study to document and propose the best practice suitable for adoption
in Nepal and to draw a baseline for the existing public sector health facilities and
identify the most suitable places for allowing the use of these drones for medical
emergencies and healthcare services.
● Develop policy guidelines, implementation framework and roadmap for allowing the
use of drones for medical emergencies and healthcare services in both urban and rural
population of Nepal.
● On-board all the health professionals, government bodies, relevant private actors and
community at large to serve in remote areas.
● Incorporate the components of regulation and monitoring of minimum standards to be
followed for the safety, security and regulation and other technical benchmarking of
the drones in production, production, operation or disposal.
Centralized Telemedicine Center

Centralized Telemedicine Centre is the use of telecommunication and information technology
to provide clinical health care from a distance. It has been used to overcome distance barriers
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and to improve access to medical services that would often not be consistently available in
distant rural communities.
Action
A telemedicine model developed around frontline health workers, with digital technology
allowing for the centralization of healthcare expertise. Under the model, healthcare
professionals at the teleconsultation center of a major public hospital in Changunarayan
municipality can coach and guide less-skilled community health workers from various
healthcare facilities in rural areas.
Outcome
● Systematically enhance capabilities of frontline healthcare workers, which will, in

turn, result in improvement in the quality of healthcare services to the citizens.
Wayout
● Commission a study to review and propose the areas of integration of digital

technologies through telemedicine centers.
● Take the time for clinical training and well-planned program deployment.
● Build bridges between clinicians and patients to overcome the barriers of distance and
time.
● Implement changes in licensure, credentialing, and privileging of providers to
facilitate the adoption of centralized telemedicine
● Establish a centralized telemedicine network built on existing industry standards.
Case Study – How Novartis’ telemedicine model in Ghana is helping to expand access to quality care in remote rural areas
Objective: Expand access to quality care in remote rural areas to reduce transport times and costs to patients while minimizing
unnecessary referrals.
Model: The telemedicine model was developed around frontline health workers using digital technology to enable
centralization of healthcare expertise. Under the model, healthcare professionals at the teleconsultation centers coach and
guide less-skilled community health workers in patient care. The initiative is not only empowering community health workers,
but also improving the quality of care with a direct impact on patient health outcomes. In 2016, for example, more than half
of all teleconsultations were resolved directly by phone, including 31% that avoided referrals.
Timelines: 2012 onwards
Results: The model pioneered in the Amansi West region through the joint efforts of the Ghana Ministry of Health and
Population, the Ghana Health Service, the National Health Insurance Authority, the Ambulance Services of Ghana,
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Millennium Promise, and the Novartis Foundation. The initiative is now successfully scaling throughout Ghana with strong
local ownership by Ghanaian health authorities.
Education
Changunarayan Municipality digital road map initiatives in education aim to prepare human
capital to capture new economic opportunities through the creation of an enhanced teaching
and learning environment. This entails the use of digital technologies to support teaching,
enrich the learning experience, and improve educational outcomes.
Smart Classrooms
Smart classrooms are technology-enabled classrooms (minimum 1 smart classroom/school or
college) that will integrate digital technology in teaching and assist the pupils in learning their
formal course curriculum in a classroom setting.
Action
Integrate technologies like laptops, mobile phones, tablets, projectors, audio-visual

equipment, video recorders, digital whiteboards should be connected in all classrooms along
with sufficient charging points and Wi-Fi connectivity. These devices will help students to
get an interactive learning experience along with exposure to new technologies.
Outcome
● Innovative technological interventions in the classrooms are expected to improve the

quality of education and improve learning outcomes.
● Exposure to digital technologies in classrooms will help in making students digital-
ready with an understanding of how to operate and use these technologies.
Wayout
● Baseline survey to identify the numbers of schools and colleges in each wards for
implementation of the Smart Classroom DI.
● Upon successful piloting, establish a new smart classroom in schools or colleges on
an annual basis.
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● Upgrade the existing IT labs and other facilities of the school/college to smart
classrooms.
● Regular monitoring, repairing, maintenance, and upgrade of the Smart Classrooms
devices.
● Development and training of Teachers and Learning facilitators
● Develop Smart Classroom operating and guidance manual (1+1) / model schedule (5)
/ Smart Classroom Logbook (2) for operating a smart classroom (SoP-2)
● Develop Monitoring and evaluation framework and measures for these Smart
Classroom
● Regular Monitoring and Evaluation of the established classroom
OLE Nepal 2.0

Open Learning Exchange Nepal (OLE Nepal) is a social benefit organization dedicated to
enhancing education quality and access through the integration of technology in classrooms.
OLE Nepal 2.0 will be the next evolution of the existing best practices embedded with the
advanced emerging digital technologies.
Action
- Leverage existing NGO / private initiatives like OLE Nepal to develop a comprehensive
digital library of Official Curricula.
- Extend E-Pustakalaya to include digital versions of the pre-primary and higher education
(e.g., university and vocational courses) curricula
Outcome
● Help to achieve the following SDGs: Equal access for all women and men to
affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including
university, as digitalization of curriculum will expand access across all strata of
society.
● Help in lowering cost of education by providing learning material at a lower cost.
Wayout
● Initiate a scope-definition / feasibility study for OLE Nepal 2.0 digital initiative. Draw
a baseline for the existing contents and applications of e-Path and e-Pustakalaya.
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● Define scope and identify the pilot courses in all four levels of education (pre-primary
and higher secondary, university and vocational courses). Begin with easier and
medium-level courses having higher demand/ consumer among these students.
● Pilot it and ensure availability of the course through the web, USB, offline servers at
these institutions and mobile applications. Collect the feedback and review course
content, system design and application.
● Build and regularly add, upgrade and maintain the contents and applications for other
topics, subjects and courses for all four levels.
● Integrate the OLE Nepal 2.0 digital initiative with other programs under the education
program.
Online Learning Platform

Online Learning Platform is an integrated set of interactive online services that provides the
teachers, learners, parents and others involved in education with information, tools and
resources to support and enhance educational delivery and management.
Action
- Collaborate with educational institutions to develop a platform that delivers educational

content as per the national curriculum, for school-going and out-of-school youth as well as
teachers. The platform should be delivered on websites and mobile-based devices enabling:
- Students to attend pre-loaded video classes on specific subjects, check homework, submit
assignments, and self-design learning programs according to their pace or preference
- Teachers to upload assignments, check homework, provide additional help to weak students
through video chat, and publish exam schedules
- Integration of a cloud-based library where content can be downloaded onto laptops/mobiles

to access in areas with no Internet connectivity
Outcome
● Improve the quality of education and learning outcomes by enabling interactive and
self-learning
● help in providing education to remote rural areas
● Improve understanding of digital technologies among students
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Wayout
● Provide information on needs assessment, academic approval, instructional design,

and other elements to consider when developing an online learning platform.
● Produce a preliminary program design that would modify, adapt, or build the program
which includes learning outcomes, the scope of the content to be covered, proposed
delivery method.
● Consider the media factors such as high-speed internet, video, image, voice, text,
animation and effect that will be used and integrated for courseware and platform
development.
Rent-a-Laptop Program
By renting laptops, one can stay updated with the latest software and hardware without
spending, but by just paying the rental for the laptop hired. This program leads to digitally
empower students by using the latest technology to enhance education more effectively.
Action
- Nepal should consider launching a Rent-a-Laptop program to digitally empower students

nationwide. As part of the program, the government can provide basic laptops to students
from underprivileged backgrounds at a marginal cost (e.g., a nominal sum of NPR1, 000 for
one year).
- The program can target underprivileged students studying at senior secondary and tertiary
levels (e.g., colleges and vocational training schools).
Outcome
● Help achieve the following SDGs: 75% increase in the number of youth and adults
who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment,
decent jobs and entrepreneurship
● Bridge the technological gap between urban and rural institutions
EMIS 2.0
Education Management Information System (EMIS) is a statewide data collection system for
education, including demographic information, attendance, course information, financial
data, and test results.
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Action
Department of Education has developed an integrated EMIS, which captures insights related
to the Nepali education system across levels. The information from EMIS is managed and
leveraged by various institutions, such as the Department of Education, National Examination
Board, National Centre for Education Development, Non-formal Education Centre, Teacher
Record Office, University Grants Commission, Technical and Vocational Training Council,
Centre Bureau of Statistics, etc. While a comprehensive EMIS is in place, various
stakeholders complain about poor availability and a high number of bugs in the system. The
focus needs to be on streamlining and upgrading the system to ensure proper utilization of the
system. Additionally, DoE can consider enhancing systems capabilities to capture details
related to life-long education and TEVET (technical education, vocational and
entrepreneurship training) related indicators.
Outcome
● Help achieve the following SDGs: Almost 100% enrolment and completion of
primary education and 95% of students enrolled in grade one to reach grade eight as
digitalization of records provides key insights into the current state of the industry and
potential improvement areas
● Reduce absenteeism and dropouts in schools and universities.
Wayout
● Develop an EMIS software that keeps and tracks the records of all educational
institutions all over the municipality.
● Establishment of a web-based EMIS to manage student data, which provide
capabilities for registering students in courses; documenting grading, transcripts,
results of student tests and other assessment scores
● Building student schedules; tracking student attendance; and managing many other
student-related data needs in a school.
● Regular monitoring and maintenance of the system.
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Centralized Admission Application
The 'Online Admission Software' enable students to fill admission form online from
anywhere saving the student’s time and cost of multiple visits to many colleges.
Action
- Develop a centralized admission application to be used by all public and private schools and
universities, which integrates with existing SIS systems and tracks student admissions.
- The tool will include an automated provision for admission quota of underprivileged
(SC/ST) communities in the public school and university systems, ensuring transparency.
Outcome
● Achieve the SDG goal of 90% attendance at pre-primary education

● Streamline admission process and improve transparency for students and parents
Wayout
● Design/Develop a cloud-based centralized admission application that is applicable for

all the universities so, that all the students from any location can register for their
desired courses/degrees.
● Develop Quick access to student records and databases, efficient systems for filtering
out candidates and processing of applications through the online application process.
● Determine the costs of processing applications and employing additional manpower
during the implementation of an online centralized application system.
● Regular maintenance of server/system and database.
Biometric Attendance and CCTV Cameras

A biometric attendance system is a foolproof technology to ensure the accuracy of attendance
and is useful to the ones who deal with a large number of employees. Closed-circuit
television camera (CCTV) can be called as video cameras to transmit a signal from specific
information from one specific place to another, on a limited set of monitors.
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Action
Consider rolling out biometric attendance systems and CCTV cameras at all public
educational institutions. A biometric attendance system and CCTV cameras would enable
better tracking and monitoring of teacher attendance and quality of services delivered at
public schools.
Outcome
● Help achieve near-universal enrolments and attendance at educational institutions

● Enhance the accuracy of data collection on enrolments and attendance
● Improve security and safety of students
Wayout
● Counseling and motivating all the school department heads to use CCTV cameras and
Biometric devices to keep and track the records of students as well as pupils for
security purposes.
● Centralize the attendance of schoolteachers and ensure that they maintain a regular
clock in-time.
● Regular maintenance of system and devices.
Mobile Learning Centers in Rural Areas

Mobile learning centers are a self-contained section of the classroom in which students
engage in independent and self-directed learning activities. It helps to bring underprivileged
children closer to education
Action
Establish learning centers in rural areas that target underserved population with limited access
to formal education:
- Provide self-learning and interactive learning in specific skills such as plumbing, electrician,
technical training, culinary, sewing, and entrepreneurship
- Deploy mobile phones, tablets, and laptops to increase the impact of an initiative
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Outcome
● Help to achieve the following SDG goals: Equal access for all women and men to
affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including
university
● Design and development of mobile learning centers that help to provide both formal
as well as informal education for all.
● Encourage and motivate people about self-learning using interactive multimedia
components like video, animation, texts to enhance their knowledge for getting job
opportunities.
Wayout
● Training and workshops to be conducted by different NGOs/INGOs in rural areas.

● Policy-makers should encourage the use of open, standards-based platforms for
mobile learning applications, to increase access and streamline the development
process.
● Policy-makers should ensure that mobile learning policies promote gender equality
and accessibility for learners with disabilities.
● Make availability of mobile devices/laptops at a low cost so that everyone can easily
access them.
Case study: Vodafone improving education access in rural Africa through its newly-launched Instant Schools For Africa
initiative
Objective: Provide young people in Sub-Saharan African markets with free access to online learning materials, addressing
the problem of access to quality education.
Program Description: Launched in 2017, the initiative provides school-going children in South Africa, the Democratic
Republic of Congo (DRC), Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, and Tanzania with free access to online learning materials.
These include video/interactive exercises, optimized for basic mobile devices and low bandwidth. The initiative targets primary
to secondary students (5–18 years old) and is part of Vodafone Foundation’s ongoing mission to use digital and mobile
technologies to bring critical educational resources to Africa. Other ongoing initiatives by Vodafone in the region include
Vodacom e-schools and the KA Lite open-source platform.
Expected Outcome: Vodafone is targeting to help three million children and youth through the program by 2020.
Redesign of the vocational curriculum

The redesign of Vocational training is generally defined as the part of vocational education
that provides specialized professional knowledge and skills, which attribute professional
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adequacy to the trainee that makes courses less theoretical, reduces the skills gap and
introduces more practical training to enhance knowledge.
Action
Redesign education curriculum at technical and vocational colleges in collaboration with

prominent companies across industries to make courses less theoretical, reduce the skills gap,
and introduce practical training.
Outcome
● Help improve the quality of education and learning outcomes
Wayout
● Research and evaluate the present existing curriculum to bring improvements.

● Incorporate the use of both quantitative data and explicit value judgments for
comparing and ranking ongoing programs or those that might be offered.
● The design of a curriculum that focuses more on practical knowledge rather than
theoretical concepts helps to increase the program's ability to benefit students.
● Develop models and strategies that incorporate stakeholders to give focus on the
redesign of vocational education which helps to create job opportunities.
Energy
Initiatives in the energy sector aim to create a sustainable energy infrastructure to not only
reduce costs but also reinforce energy networks. Smart solutions include customer-centric
solutions, smart transmissions, and distribution networks, with interconnectivity playing an
important role.
Smart Building/Energy Management Project

A smart building is any structure that uses automated processes to automatically control the
building’s operations including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, security and
other systems. A smart building uses sensors, actuators and microchips, to collect data and
manage it according to a business’ functions and services.
Action
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- Energy Management involves optimizing energy consumption in a building by employing
energy-efficient measures.
- Deployment of Smart Building/Energy Management Solutions in government offices and

departments can be effective in reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint over the
next five years.
Outcome
● Reducing power consumption through the use of the latest technologies and power
efficient products
● Reducing impact on the environment by reducing carbon emissions
Wayout
● Build a solid plan: What are the specific, measurable goals that your organization
wants to accomplish through an IoT-leveraged building management system
● Develop Service (Control and Monitoring System, online maintenance service,
security & safety service), Front-end applications(smartphones, maintenance app),
Network proxy, Temperature/presence/magnetic sensor, Smart Meters, Co and CO2
detectors etc.
● Establish Technology integration and interoperability, intelligent building data
analysis, cybersecurity and data privacy
● Create and deliver a public awareness program about Why implement this program.
Case study: Digital tech addressing Brazil’s power theft crisis
The rising incidence of electricity theft in Brazil was costing its government billions in lost revenue. On average, 8% of energy
in Brazil was being stolen from the grid each year, reaching a staggering 40% in some areas.
Solution: Siemens used the innovative Smart Meter software to access, collect, and process data from smart meters,
integrating the platform with the billing and management system to ensure efficient energy billing to users. From the analysis
of consistent data, Siemens was also able to identify the culprits as being a group of small and mid-sized enterprises that were
using stolen energy to reduce their overheads. By building complicated user profiles, smart algorithms continuously compare
an estimated consumption pattern to the amount of energy coming from the grid. The system can also detect any anomalies in
electricity use, which is then inspected.
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Tourism
Digital initiatives in the tourism sector seek to promote Changunarayan Municipality

globally, attract visitors to the country, and create employment opportunities for the
Nepalese. It involves the use of omnichannel marketing solutions, e-commerce, and
disruptive technologies such as augmented reality to promote tourism, build human capital
skills in the tourism sector, and offer better tourist experiences.
Multilingual helpline
Multi-Lingual Tourist Helpline to help foreign tourists while traveling. The main objective of
a multi-lingual helpline is to provide information relating to travel and tourism, advise callers
during times of distress, if any, while traveling and alerts the concerned authorities, if
required.
Action
- Develop multilingual support – phone, website, and mobile application – to cater to multiple
nationalities seeking to visit Nepal. Focus on English, Hindi, Bengali, and Chinese – the
group of language speakers that constitute the highest share of tourists.
Outcome
• Consistent user experience across multiple touchpoints and devices – including

phone, web and mobile.
• Increase in traveler engagement due to the option of interacting in the preferred local
language.
Wayout
• Local Government to launch a smartphone app to connect tourists directly to an

operator, who can answer queries or contact local services on a tourist's behalf.
• Design and develop a mobile application targeting tourists for their assistance in
different languages.
Case Study: Multilingual helpline
Introduction of the 1363 helpline in 12 languages, one-of-its-kind in the world. The helpline also offers human assistance by
dialing a “tourist’s friend” or tourist facilitator. It includes other travel-related services, prices, comparators, and certified
experts.
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Augmented and Virtual Reality tours
Augmented reality and virtual reality are inverse reflections of one in another with what each
technology seeks to accomplish and deliver for the user. Virtual reality offers a digital
recreation of a real-life setting, while augmented reality delivers virtual elements as an
overlay to the real world. Cultural tourism organizations or institutions can benefit from
augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies by attracting new visitors of
different ages and preferences. Make an unforgettable, fun experience for tourists to take
photos and interact on the spot, share their experiences on social media and spread positive
word-of-mouth.
Action
- Deploy AR/VR technology on Nepal’s official tourism website and mobile app to showcase
popular attractions (e.g., temples, Mount Everest) and immersive content, giving travelers a
real-world feel.
Outcome
● Enhance travel experience and increase engagement of visitors

● Increase consumer attention and attraction by providing a realistic look and feel of
tourist destinations
● Boost conversions for tour and activity operators
Wayout
● The government provides funds for the development of the mobile app which would
be very beneficial for the tourists.
● The mobile app will act as a guide using which tourists can get additional information
about various sites.
● Study in consultation with the relevant ministries, departments for designing,
developing and operationalization of Augmented and Virtual reality tours in Nepal
targeting tourists.
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Electronic tour guides
A multimedia electronic guide is a device specially designed to provide audio, visual or
textual content to museum visitors with or without user interaction. It may also provide
alternative content corresponding to different personal preferences. It may include
accessories such as headphones, a digital pen and displays with LEDs or LCD screens. These
smart guides may be operated to supply the content in different languages and accents, with
different voice alternatives, with text, and with age group-specific content.
Action
- Provide devices with pre-loaded historical information on key tourist sites, temples, and
museums; and offer travelers the option to purchase and rent the device:
- Phase II would cover the development of a mobile version of the guide that can be
downloaded on travelers’ phones upon paying a small fee
Outcome
● Promote Nepal as a tourist-friendly destination and improve the tourist experience

● Enables users to customize their experience and enabling them to explore at their own
pace
Wayout
● Development of proposals for an increase of tourist activity effectiveness,

development stimulation of domestic and incoming tourism, creation of favorable
conditions for investment in the tourist industry.
● Interaction organization of Governmental Authorities, Local Government Authorities,
professional associations, commercial and other organizations
● The billing system for using the electronic tour guide packet
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Omnichannel marketing
An omnichannel approach means there's integration between distribution, promotion and
communication channels on the back end. Omnichannel marketing creates a seamless
customer experience across all channels. This marketing strategy takes digital interactions,
such as social media and e-commerce purchases, and integrates them with interpersonal
interactions. These in-person interactions include in-store staff for B2C brands as well as
sales and customer success managers for B2B brands. Omnichannel marketing requires all
departments to work together.
Action
- Launch a comprehensive omnichannel marketing campaign across all channels – online,

mobile, social media, TV, and print (e.g., newspapers, flyers) with a common theme and
positioning to promote the municipality’s attractions.
- Consider partnerships with popular lifestyle magazines such as Time Out and sites like Trip
Advisor to provide information about the best options for a night out, music, restaurants,
films, and hotels in the area.
- Look at India’s “Incredible India” tourism campaign and other efforts by its various state
governments as examples for implementation.
- Build communities on social networks, targeting frequent travellers with a large social
follower base.
- Encourage international travellers to share videos/ visual content, and other assets to further
promote Changunarayan municipality’s as well as country’s tourism in the international
arena.
- Consider outsourcing customer complaint- and grievance-handling across multiple customer

touch-points (email, social media, phone, etc.) to specialized IT providers.
Outcome
● Position municipality has a low-cost and tourist-friendly destination for domestic and
international tourists.
● Increase Nepal’s reach and awareness in the international tourism space.
● Encourage social media referrals.
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Tourist Security Infrastructure
Tourism Infrastructure security is the security provided to protect infrastructure, especially
critical infrastructure, such as highways, bridges, transport hubs, network communications,
media, etc. Infrastructure security seeks to limit the vulnerability of these structures and
systems to sabotage, terrorism, and contamination.
Action
- Deploy VSAT technology and satellite phones to track and check on tourists, communicate
with centralized control rooms, and store tourist data. Develop a network of tourist
information areas and police stations in popular tourist destinations and major cities in the
country.
- Integrate all information into the Welcome to Changunarayan mobile application and
website.
Outcome
● Improve tourist safety and security.

● Increase consumer confidence and attractiveness of Nepal as a tourist destination.
● The simplified approach in the perception of safety and security issues in tourism.
Wayout
● Determine the factors that contribute to the decline or failure of tourist safety and
security in the tourist areas.
● Undertake regular upgradation, maintenance, and support of the technology,
hardware, network, software infrastructures of the system.
Entry of travel start-ups and foreign companies

Action
The local government should promote entry of start-ups and their works that cater to niche
segments of the tourism sector, e.g., online travel communities, travel planning, activities and
experiences, travel guide services, food delivery, customized travel packages,
community/crowdsourcing platforms, and hotel booking:
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- Provide a market-friendly environment for tech start-ups by offering benefits including
incentives, tax holidays, and knowledge parks/hubs
Outcome
● Attract participation from international hotel chains to increase tourism promotion and
marketing activities
● Improve the quality of services offered by encouraging competition and
entrepreneurship
● Help increase tourist arrivals
Public-private investments and partnerships with sharing economy players

Action
The local government should work on fostering public-private partnerships to improve travel
infrastructure and transport in the municipality. Launch hop-on hop-off tourist bus services
operated by a private company under a PPP model to offer services such as free onboard Wi-
Fi, digital commentary on sites along the route, real-time bus tracking, and an online ticketing
platform. Also promoting the sharing economy for ridesharing by allowing entry of
companies like uber as tourists are familiar with such services.
Outcome
● Improve tourist experience, thereby attracting more tourists to Nepal

● Job creation on account of new business models and services such as Hop-on Hop-off
buses, ride-sharing, etc.
Training programs for local guides

Action
- Create a structured training program for local tour guides in the areas of communication
(English and other languages), technical know-how (e.g., operate trekking equipment),
driving, and professional etiquette, among others.
Outcome
• Improve tourist experience as tour guides become more professional in their conduct
● Increase the skills base and employability of the local workforce
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Tie-ups with educational institutions
Tie up with those educational institutes which provide professional practical training and on-
the-job training to the existing employee in the tourism sector.
Action
- Set up specialized learning institutes that offer courses in Hotel and Travel Management to
cope with the demand for travel professionals. These institutes can consider alliances with
existing hotels to provide practical, on-the-job training to existing employees in the tourism
sector.
Outcome
● Support the “Visit Nepal 2020” vision of creating one million jobs in the sector by
2020.
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Finance
Initiatives in promoting the financial services sector target the sizeable unbanked population
by leveraging digital technology and telecom infrastructure. Given the strong linkages
between financial inclusion and economic prosperity, Changunarayan municipality is poised
to benefit considerably from the use of fintech, broadening access to financial services to
rural citizens.
Encourage digital payments in Changunarayan municipality
It is the process to encourage workers to switch from cash payments to digital payments
where wage earners receive their wages in their bank accounts.
Action
Only 15% of Nepali wage earners receive their salaries in their accounts. The Government of
Nepal is working on introducing policies that encourage employers (public and private
sectors) to transfer wages and other payments directly to employees and suppliers using
financial services. The local government of Changunarayan municipality should also
incorporate all the national initiatives to a local level to encourage local citizens to use digital
payments.
The government should also mandate the compulsory transfer of salaries beyond a minimum
threshold level to bank accounts. Until the rollout of a National Biometric ID card, the onus
of helping employees in opening bank accounts should lie with the employers. Similar
policies can be considered for other private and public sector payments.
Outcome
● Help in achieving SDGs related to the capacity of domestic financial institutions to

encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all
(SDGs Target 8.10)
● Digital payment systems will lead to greater financial inclusion by reaching remote
areas.
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● It will boost the overall economy of the country by providing convenient access to a
diverse range of financial products and services for individuals as well as small,
medium and large businesses.
Wayout
● Department of Financial Services shall frame necessary guidelines for merchant

payment standards and interoperability between various issuers and acceptance
networks, including telecom, internet, pre-paid instrument providers and Payments
Banks, to ensure that merchant payments are interoperable across the broad spectrum
of payments and settlements system.
● Department of Revenue/ Department of Economic Affairs/ Department of Financial
Services shall grant tax rebates/incentives or introduce mechanisms for
cashback/lottery or any other measures to incentivize transactions through cards and
digital means.
● Department of Financial Services shall develop a methodology for enabling very
high-value transactions through cards and digital means beyond the limits presently
prescribed.
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Urban Infrastructure
Initiatives in urban infrastructure aim to leverage disruptive technologies to improve the

quality of life in Changunarayan Municipality by improving essential services, such as water
management, solid waste management, public transport, and traffic management.
Water ATMs
A water ATM is an automated water vending machine like any regular bank ATM that
dispenses pure drinking water. It can be accessed by inserting a coin or a smart card.
Action
The installation of “Water ATMs” in select public places in the municipality such as market
areas, bus stands, railway stations, airports, etc. where people can purchase fresh, hygienic,
bottled water by paying a token amount (say, NPR 2 for 300 ml water).
The local government can consider a pilot implementation in the highly populated area and
subsequently expand into other parts of the municipality. Similar initiatives undertaken by
Kathmandu and Delhi (Delhi Jal Board) can be taken as a reference to this initiative.
Outcome
● Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.
● Provide clean & safe drinking water at a low cost for the poor population.
● Reduce wastage and induce accountability through tracking & monitoring of
consumption and dispensing, as well as recycling of water.
● Price transparency and flexibility due to cashless dispensing and pay-per-use
approach.
● Enhance the designing, constructing/installing, operating and maintaining of Water
ATMs at Public Places.
Wayout
● Make sure that use of Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology with UV Treatment system
to treat water to provide potable water at each water ATM location.
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● Create an infrastructure for providing a 24 x 7 potable water vending facility to the
general public at an approachable distance and at an affordable cost.
● Install as per required capacity calculated based on the number of users around a
specific location.
Smart metering for water
Smart water metering refers to a system that measures water consumption and communicates
that information in an automated fashion for monitoring and billing purposes. Smart water
metering provides real-time access to users and the water department about water
consumption in real-time.
Action
Smart digital meters should replace analog meters for automatic reading collection. The
rollout of smart meters will result in better operational efficiency, reduced complaints and
leakage management.
Outcome
● Improve efficiency and accuracy of water supply.

● Encourage water savings through regular monitoring of water usage.
● Lower energy consumption and carbon footprint of customers.
● Save installation costs, time and effort, as well as reduce monthly utility bills of
customers.
● Build trust between water providers and customers.
● Increase accountability of water utilities.
● Enhance the current infrastructure to incorporate smart water metering.
Wayout
● Identify the priority steps for smart water management like leakage problems etc.
● Develop communication channel; Mobile app, web portal, etc. for billing, water
consumption and leakage alert.
62
Pipeline monitoring system
The pipeline monitoring system provides rapid, accurate on-line monitoring of internal
corrosion and bacterial activity in pipelines by continuously monitoring fluids under actual
operations conditions using commercially available monitoring instruments.
Action
The local government can deploy IoT sensors, flow meters and acoustic sensors in water
pipes across the supply network – from river banks to people’s homes, which will provide
visibility on water network operations, help municipalities and departments to monitor wear
& tear of equipment, as well as undertake maintenance and timely repair to prevent water
loss.
Outcome
● Provide visibility on water network operations, historical leaks & damage.

● Reduce instances of leakages and drives predictive maintenance activity.
● Preserve municipality’s water resources and prevent revenue loss for the Department
of Water Supply and Sewerage.
Wayout
● Explore an automated system for remote sensing of underground pipelines that help
monitoring water flow and detect possible water leaks.
● Determine the condition of water pipes and household connection pipes.
● Develop web portal for real-time pipeline monitoring system at the central office.
Intelligent Waste Management
Smart waste management system mainly concentrates on monitoring the waste management,
providing smart technology for waste management, avoiding human intervention, reducing
human time and effort and which results in healthy and waste ridden environment.
Action
The local government can deploy IoT technology and wireless connectivity to automate
waste collection and management, which will improve the efficiency of operations and
63
reduce delays in trash collection. The government can also work on installing smart waste
bins with sensors in densely populated areas like Nagarkot and Changunarayan temple, which
will provide information on the type of waste in the garbage containers and measure the level
of waste-fill. Provide alerts in case of overflows or any physical damage.
The next step will be intelligent fleet management, which is installing GPS-powered devices
in trucks used for waste collection, which collects data from bins and makes real-time
decisions for optimal waste collection based on that. It will also provide data on vehicle status
and waste collection schedule.
On the other hand, an electronic waste management system can be implemented to improve
an e-recycling system for the disposal of electronic equipment and gadgets, such as cameras,
mobile phones, laptops, printers, microwaves, etc.
Furthermore, the analytical system namely; waste management analytics system should be
developed to obtain comprehensive insights through an interactive dashboard into waste
management operations in the local area. For this, install a centralized, web-based waste
management analytics system in all the municipal offices that collect data from the collection
trucks and connected bins, as well as monitors nearby areas or districts.
Outcome
● Protect the environment and reduce pollution through appropriate handling and
management of toxic chemical waste, and eliminating unnecessary dumps and
landfills.
● Improve health as proper waste disposal will reduce long-term exposure to hazardous
waste, as opposed to street dumping.
● Reduce operational costs associated with inefficient waste collection.
Wayout
● Deploy and maintain smart city infrastructure like capacity sensors in waste bins and
wireless networks for data transferring.
● Investigate expanding collection of food and garden waste to include other organic
material for gas & electricity production.
● Publish and promote clear and concise guides to waste management to the public.
● Ensure waste guidelines, policies, objectives, monitoring and reporting are
incorporated into tenders and contracts.
64
● Deliver education and support for reducing waste generation and increasing recycling
awareness to the public.
Municipality mobile application
Municipality mobile application uses crowdsourcing to obtain work, information or opinions

from a large group of people who submit their data via the Internet, social media and
smartphone apps.
Action
A mobile app will enable residents of the municipality to share feedback and complaints
about various basis infrastructure-related services offered by the municipality. For example,
the app can enable the residents to share photos of unattended waste and water leakages with
the officials. These photos along with GPS location can be shared by with app with the
concerned authorities for quick action and monitoring
Outcome
● Empower citizens by providing transparent information on facilities and services and

enabling customers to lodge complaints.
● Improve the quality of services offered.
● Increase accountability of municipal department.
● Cost savings for both municipal department and customers.
Wayout
● Develop the crowdsourcing toolkit to get things done using a “human-centered design
workshop”.
● Coordinate with a municipal office for required infrastructures needed for build-up
mobile applications.
● Design and develop a mobile application through hiring a developer or contract with
third-party agencies
● Deploy the finance assistance by related agencies.
65
Automated waste sorting
Automated waste sorting is the process of separating biodegradable waste from non-
biodegradable waste for proper disposal and recycling and is the first step of waste
management. Proper segregation leads to proper recycling.
Action
The municipality can deploy automated waste sorting systems in recycling plants and in
centers where garbage is collected. The system will use optical sorters, sensors, RFID to sort
waste materials based on composition and chemicals structure.
Outcome
● Improve recycling of waste as it is automatically segregated based on type.

● Reduce environmental pollution and costs associated with garbage sorting.
● Efficiently manage the expected increase in waste in urban areas.
Wayout

departments for designing, developing and operationalization the Automated waste
sorting in Nepal.
● Incorporate the components of minimum standards to be followed for the safety,
security and other technical benchmarking of the Automated waste sorting initiated or
in operation.
● Undertake regular upgradation, maintenance, and support of the technology,
hardware, software of the system.
Connected public transport
Public transportation is the transport of passengers by group travel systems available for use
by the general public, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and
that charge a posted fee for each trip. Examples of public transport include city buses,
trolleybuses, light rail and passenger trains, etc.
66
Action
The first action towards connected public transport is installing RFID and GPS systems in
public transport vehicles such as buses and taxis. The system will be connected to a central
system at the Department of Transport of the municipality that will enable the local
government to monitor the schedules, frequency, and condition of public vehicles. The real-
time information from the connected vehicles can also be integrated into the public transport
public apps to provide real-time transport running data to citizens. This also allows the
department to communicate with drivers and ensure the safety and security of passengers in
case of any unwanted incidents. Also, public buses should install digital displays that mention
the next stop along with automated, IVR-based announcements.
Outcome
● Improve safety and security of passengers.

● Reduce wait times and increase convenience for customers by offering real-time
information.
● Improve passenger experience and service quality by providing visibility into
upcoming schedules and offering more amenities.
● Help manage traffic and passenger congestion.
Way out
● Encourage public transport operators to install the latest technologies like GPS
systems etc. things as easily as possible for travelers.
● Introduce a scheme for providing central assistance to all provinces for strengthening
the public transport system.
● Provide financial assistance for use of the latest technology such as GPS / GSM-based
vehicle tracking, automatic fare collection, passenger information system, etc. For
inter-city or rural areas.
Public Transport mobile app
Public transport mobile app is a mobile application designed for real-time monitoring of a
public transportation fleet activity, which includes key location, availability and schedule of
public transport.
67
Action
The development of an official mobile application from the Department of Transport in the
municipality that lays down details of various public modes of transport including taxis and
buses in the area. It will help to provide information on the various routes connecting key
locations, availability/ frequency/ schedule of the transport, time estimates, and fare details,
among others.
Outcome
● Improve passenger experience by providing real-time, on-the-go information and

enabling 24x7 instant communication with customers.
● This result in hassle-free ticket purchases, faster boarding times, and cash savings
through mobile ticketing.
● Makes it easier to access and sort through complex public transport schedule data and
route maps.
Wayout
● Develop and design a mobile application for real-time monitoring, availability of
public transport by the department of transport and ministry of urban planning
● Install GPS in every bus for real-time location.
● Collaborate with other public transportation companies and direct them to apply new
technologies.
● Redesign the routes for public transportation.
Multi-modal Smart Cards
A multi-modal card is a credit card-sized smartcard that includes a microchip allowing the
card to communicate with readers. The microchip enables value to be loaded onto the card.
Action
The local government can work on developing a new unified and coordinated fare system that
integrates local bus and other transportation services, and uses a prepaid, smart card, to
reduce congestion in stations. The government can also introduce a fee structure that
progressively increases based on the distance travelled. The system can be expanded to other
68
public services use, as and when it is developed in the municipality. The initial step towards
this system can be rolling out these smart cards in a phased manner.
Outcome
● Reduce the hassle of cash handling for passengers.
● Enables faster transactions and effectively managing a large influx of passengers at
peak times.
● Removes discrepancy in fares through automated calculation.
● Increase passenger convenience as a single card can be used for multiple modes of
transport.
● Boost revenues for transport operators.
Wayout
● Develop smart card terminal and reader specifications for the hardware and Operating
System by public transport owner
● Provide a structured environment for the protection and execution of one or more
authentication mechanisms.
Intelligent traffic management
An intelligent transportation system is an advanced application that aims to provide

innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and
enable users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of
transport networks.
Action
The first step will be installing CCTV cameras, road sensors, traffic detectors and speed
cameras at major/ busy traffic crossings and roads around Nagarkot and Changunarayan
Temple. It will help to monitor traffic conditions and collect real-time data on vehicle flow,
to reduce congestion and ensure a smoother traffic flow. In addition, the detectors can be
connected to the local police station and automatically issue penalties or “challans” in case of
violation of traffic rules and guidelines.
69
Outcome
● Reduce traffic congestion, travel time, and improve road conditions.
● Improve safety and security of citizens.
● Help decrease infrastructure damage.
● Help to effectively enforce traffic rules and regulations.
Wayout
● Review the planned upgrades to the system by continuing to deploy field equipment
and operational planning.
departments for designing, developing and operationalization of the Intelligent traffic
management system in Nepal.
● Develop effective traffic management strategies to reduce traffic management with
related ministries and departments as well as Traffic police.
Intelligent Parking Lot Management
An Intelligent Parking Lot Management is an ideal solution to show unoccupied parking

spaces and guide parkers to quickly park in no time. Typically installed at hospitals, office
buildings, residential communities, tourists area, etc.
Action
Intelligent Parking Lot management solutions to provide parking availability status to
motorists through an app. The solution will require users to update their requirements at any
given time on the app following which the system will reflect the current occupancy status of
the slots. The system can also update the user about the prevalent parking rates at the
designated spot, and allow a user to reserve the parking using mobile payment.
Outcome
● Boost security by identifying and recording illegally parked vehicles.
● Manage overflow of traffic on roads.
● Cost-efficient as compared to traditional parking methods.
● Automate and decrease time spent manually in searching for parking.
● New revenue streams for Parking lot owners.
70
Wayout
● Re-consider the parking norms in the urban cities by municipal authorities.
● Formulate a policy for allowing parking lots in vacant plots in urban areas.
● Plans for the new development rather than solving the existing condition.
● Design multi-level parking to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas.
Disaster Management System
Disaster Management System is to back up for disaster management operations and aims for
the promptness in sharing disaster information and providing disaster support.
Action
The local government should implement a comprehensive disaster management system that
will help in predicting disasters before they happen as well as response & management after
the disaster. The system will consist of centralized systems installed in all offices. The
information systems consist of early warning/ remote sensing systems, broadcast emergency
warning systems, mobile broadcast warning & notification systems (through SMS), digital
signage, message boards, and voice delivery systems.
Outcome
● Improve response, preparedness and management of emergencies and natural
disasters.
● Minimize loss of life and cost incurred from damages.
● Improves ability to restore, rebuild and recover following a disaster.
● Time savings and enhanced productivity through real-time collaboration.
● Evolve towards disaster management with an emphasis on building strategic
partnerships at various levels.
Wayout
● Cooperation with agencies at National levels.
● Promote a productive and proactive partnership with the media for disaster
management.
● Design and develop a Disaster management system at a national level.
71
Case Study: Ncell initiatives in disaster management
In July 2016, NCell signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
(DHM) to send early warning alerts through SMS to its customers living in areas with a high risk of flood and landslides,
including West Rapti, Narayani, Kankai, Koshi, Bagmati, Karnali, Babai, and Kamala River.
DHM was tasked to provide SMS content to Ncell, which would be triggered based on water levels in rivers. Ncell would
immediately send early warning SMS from short code numbers based on the real-time situation. Upon receiving the message
about the dangerous water levels, people could then move to government-designated safe locations. Once the water levels
returned to normal, SMS alerts would be sent again to inform the people that there is no immediate risk
Disaster Management Training
Disaster management training a key education and training facility for public bodies and
private citizens alike to raise the overall level of disaster preparedness.
Action
Undertake training of government employees in the municipality in protocols, use of
technology and emergency communications during disasters. Also provide training, drills and
exercises to the military and police in a rescue and search operations.
Outcome
● Allow participation of the private sector and NGOs in training programs.
● Promote greater awareness and sharing of best practices through conferences and
workshops.
Wayout
● Leverage regional Emergency Operation Centers (proposed above) for imparting
training.
● Develop training modules, undertake research and documentation in disaster
management.
● Develop educational materials for disaster management, including academic and
professional courses.
● Provide assistant to the State Governments and State training institutes in the
formulation of State-level policies, strategies, and disaster management framework
and capacity building.
72
Prioritization matrix
The success of the Changunarayan digital road map depends upon the execution framework
of the projects. Every project requires various levels of effort of implementation and has a
different level of impact on society. There it is vitally important to prioritize different
initiatives based on their impact and ease of implementation. The diagram below is created
based on Frost and Sullivan's methodology to prioritize initiatives based on social, economic,
and long term impact in society also considering the current ecosystem to support the
initiative, the investment required, the scale of the project, technology dependence of the
project, and alignment with government’s current plans.
There are in total 56 recommended initiatives for the Changunarayan digital road map which
are categorized into eight categories which are digital foundation (1-8), Agriculture (9- 17),
Healthcare (18- 23), Education (24-32), Energy (33), Tourism (34-42), Finance (43) and
Urban Infrastructure (44-46).
All 55 initiatives are plotted in the above chart based on their scores in ease of
implementation and impact they will create in the society. Based on their impacts and ease of
implementation, all the initiatives are classified into four quadrants namely; Immediate focus,
73
Accelerators, Long term focus, and Strategic Investments. Initiatives that fall under the
Immediate focus categories have substantial impact and are easy to implement. On the other
hand, accelerators are those initiatives that have comparatively limited impact than immediate
focus but can be implemented in a short period. Strategic Investments are the initiatives that
have a high level of impact but take comparatively longer time and are less easy to
implement. Finally, Long term focus is the long-term plans which have comparatively less
level of impact and less easy to implement.
74
Immediate Focus Accelerators Strategic Investment Long term focus
(4) Changunarayan App (1) Public Wi-Fi Hotspots (2) Digital Innovation and Co-creation (10) Precision Agriculture
Hub
(5) e Governance 2.0 (30) Biometric Attendance and CCTV (3) Welcome Changunarayan Mobile (11) Agriculture Tools Sharing
Cameras App
(7) Digital Literacy Training (39) Entry of travel start-ups and foreign (6) Paperless Government to promote (13) Digitization of Land Records
companies collaboration
(16) Education and training programs to (42) Tie-ups with educational institutions (8) Government eLearning Platform (14) Smart Irrigation Project
farmers
(32) Redesign of vocational curriculum (9) eHaat Bazaar (15) Smart Livestock and Wildlife Management
(40) Public-private investments and (12) Digital Disbursements for MSP and (19) Electronic Health Records 2.0
partnerships with sharing economy players Subsidies
(41)Training programs for local guides (17) State-of-the-art Knowledge Centers (20) Mobile Health Units
& Local Govt Agriculture Centers
(43) Encourage digital payments in (18) Digital Healthcare Platform (21) e - Maternal care
Municipality
(44) Water ATMs (23) Centralized Telemedicine Center (22) Drones for delivery of emergency medical
supplies
75
(45) Smart metering for water (24) Smart Classrooms (25) OLE Nepal 2.0 (Open Learning Exchange)
(55) Disaster Management Training (31) Mobile Learning Centers in Rural (26) Online Learning Platform
Areas
(56) Municipality mobile application (33) Smart Building/Energy (27) Rent-a-Laptop Program
Management Project
(38) Tourist Security Infrastructure (28) EMIS 2.0
(46) Pipeline monitoring system (29) Centralized Admission Application
(47) Intelligent Waste Management (34) Multilingual helpline
(48) Automated waste sorting (35) Augmented and Virtual Reality tours
(49) Connected public transport (36) Electronic tour guides
(50) Public Transport mobile app (37) Omnichannel marketing
(51) Multi-modal Smart Cards (53) Intelligent Parking Lot Management
(52) Intelligent traffic management
(54) Disaster Management System
76
Research and ICT related Local Level policies
Most of the ICT-related policies are designed at the national level. Local-level government
obligation will be to create an environment to successfully implement all the countrywide
policies in their respective localities or design their LL policies in alignment with National
policies.
Review of policy and regulatory environment in Nepal

For the success of any program, policy and regulatory environment play a crucial role. ICT
policies will have a significant impact across sectors thus it demands a thorough analysis of
policy and regulatory environment, identification of any gaps therein, and re-orientation of
policy instruments towards the goals and objectives of the program.
It is recommended that the following policy areas be thoroughly reviewed with creating an
environment conducive to the success of the Digital Nepal Program:
Intellectual Property Rights policy regime

The successful execution of ICT development plans in Changunarayan Municipality is
expected to spur innovation leading to the growth of the knowledge across industries
resulting in intensified creation of digital assets. To ensure that the digitally-enabled creation
of value across the socio-economic spectrum remains sustained by being anchored on a
strong incentive regime, it is imperative to assess Nepal's IPR policy and regulatory
framework concerning the demands of the emerging digital economy. This will be
particularly important from the perspective of creating an ecosystem favourable to
innovation, fostering a vibrant start-up and entrepreneurship environment.
Data protection, security, and privacy

The proposed plans for ICT development in the municipality will expand the digital footprint
and this would invariably underscore the need for a robust framework for ensuring trust in
digital interactions for all the stakeholders involved. Data protection, security and privacy
constitute three crucial pillars for strengthening the overall trust regime in an emergent digital
economy. It is imperative therefore that a thorough assessment of existing national policy
77
provisions on data protection, security and privacy in Nepal must be carried out to maintain a
favorable ecosystem for local-level policies and proposed initiatives to function well.
Telecommunication and broadband

Connectivity was a stepping stone of the Digital Nepal Program. Even though overall
connectivity in Nepal is growing, observations reveal that its expansion has largely remained
skewed in distribution and issues across access, availability and affordability dimensions
continue to remain challenging. Likewise, the formulation of ICT policies in Changunarayan
municipality cannot ensure an ICT-savvy society without evaluating ICT use, access to
broadband and affordability. It is important to assess the overall policy and regulatory
environment governing the telecommunication and broadband sector in Nepal, especially
along local governance, competition and universal service obligation dimensions.
Digital payments policy and regulations

Among others, the extent to which digital enablement of financial transactions among
participating entities become available and users will increasingly underpin the value that this
program will ultimately be able to generate across the municipality's socio-economic
spectrum. The creation of a digital payments regime is one area that will need focused policy
attention going forward. The need for a highly secure, interoperable and efficient digital
payments system cannot be overemphasized if significant benefits are to be reaped from the
digitalization of services. Among others, key questions that need to be asked in this area are
a) whether or not policy and regulatory frameworks exist in the country to enable secure and
interoperable digital payments regime and b) whether or not the existing policy and
regulatory instruments are in sync with the frenetic pace of innovation happening in the
digital payments domain.
Private sector participation

The program envisages the private sector as one of its key actors. The success of the program
will, to a considerable extent, be dependent upon an efficient public-private partnership
arrangement in the execution of the program. Measures must be undertaken to ensure that
avenues of private sector participation in the program are identified. Along those lines, it will
be important to review existing public procurement policies and practices to lower barriers to
entry of the Nepali private sector in projects implemented.
78
This program is expected to spur domestic demand for digital services of varying nature
presenting the private sector with the opportunity to grow and be competitive. The role of the
private sector will remain crucial in driving innovation and entrepreneurship and providing
significant value to the economy within the program framework. One of the policy areas that
need to be looked into is whether there exist a favorable innovation and start-up ecosystem.
Promote Digital inclusion

The program must be all inclusive for it to generate far-reaching outcomes and impacts that it
envisages to generate. As it is, exclusion in access to digital technologies and resources has
its roots in socio-economic fault lines that exist in Nepali society. This underscores the need
for targeted strategies aimed at enabling the excluded and marginalized communities and
individuals to participate in the emerging digital economy. Digital inclusion of individuals
results in inclusion in information, process and opportunities in all areas. Thus, it can be a
tool for the government to become closer to its citizens and make state deliveries more
effective. It can minimize inequality and promote efficiency by providing access to basic
information and services.
As digital technology diversifies and grows at an unanticipated speed, the magnitude of the
digital divide among the users of technology is simultaneously creating a newer status quo. It
is crucial to harness the potentials of digital inclusion of the excluded and marginalized
groups not only to achieve the goals of growth, equality and cooperation but also to tackle the
deep structures of exclusion. The exclusion is more critical for individuals with a disability,
old age, remote residency and women restricted by social norms. Simultaneously, measures
must be taken to strengthen the availability of accessible Knowledge, Information and
Communication for Persons with Disabilities in alignment with the principles enshrined in
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), of which Nepal is a
signatory. Among others, the program must factor in the complementarity between physical
accessibility and ICT/digital accessibility and seek to formulate strategies accordingly. The
focus should be on strengthening broad-based digital accessibility relating to the application
and integration of enhanced and technology-facilitated processes to meet the specific needs of
those who are usually excluded.
79
BUDGET PLANNING SN# Project
Consulting: Research, Development of TOR,
Analysis and
Recommendation
EOI, RFP and support
by evaluating bids
Development and
Implementation
Yearly Support &
Maintenance(20% of
Implementation Cost)
Hardware
resources
Total NPR
1 Public Wi-Fi Hotspots - 10 sites 300,000.00 50,000.00 500,000.00 100,000.00 200,000.00 1,150,000.00
2 Digital Innovation and Co-creation Hub 500,000.00 50,000.00 2,000,000.00 400,000.00 3,000,000.00 5,950,000.00
To estimate the budget of 56 initiatives 4
5
Changunarayan Municipality App
eGovernance 2.0
300,000.00
500,000.00
50,000.00 1,000,000.00 200,000.00
-
GIDC 1,550,000.00
500,000.00
6 Paperless Government to promote collaboration 250,000.00 50,000.00 8,000,000.00 1,600,000.00 1,500,000.00 11,400,000.00
recommended above, costs are divided into 7
8
Digital Literacy Training - 10 Trainings
linked
20,000.00 1,000,000.00
500,000.00
200,000.00
100,000.00 GIDC
1,220,000.00
600,000.00
9 eHaat Bazaar 20,000.00 800,000.00 160,000.00 GIDC 980,000.00
10 Precision Agriculture - 2 sites 300,000.00 50,000.00 2,000,000.00 400,000.00 GIDC 2,750,000.00
five broad sections which are Consulting: 11
12
Agriculture Tools Sharing
Digital Disbursements for MSP and Subsidies 300,000.00 50,000.00 1,000,000.00
-
200,000.00
-
1,550,000.00 Possible national level program
13 Digitization of Land Records* - - Possible national level program
Research, Analysis and Recommendation, 14
15
Smart Irrigation Project*
Smart Livestock and Wildlife Management*
-
-
-
-
Partnership with private
company & development
Development of TOR, EOI, RFP and 16 Education and training programs for farmers*
State-of-the-art Knowledge Centers & Local Govt
- - agencies
Partnership with private
17 Agriculture Centers 500,000.00 50,000.00 2,000,000.00 400,000.00 2,950,000.00 company
support by evaluating bids, Development 18 Digital Healthcare Platform 300,000.00 50,000.00 2,000,000.00 400,000.00 2,750,000.00
Can implement EHR Open
Source systems in Hospitals -
implementation support can be
and Implementation, Yearly Support & 19
20
Electronic Health Records 2.0
Mobile Health Units*
300,000.00 50,000.00 2,000,000.00 400,000.00
-
2,750,000.00 provide by Municipality
- Possible national level program
21 e - Maternal care* - - Possible national level program
Maintenance(20% of Implementation 22
Drones for delivery of emergency medical
supplies* - -
23 Centralized Telemedicine Center* - -
24 Smart Classrooms* - -
Cost) and Hardware resources. However, 25
26
OLE Nepal 2.0 (Open Learning Exchange)*
Online Learning Platform*
-
-
-
-
27 Rent-a-Laptop Program* - -
many projects budget depends on the scale 28
29
EMIS 2.0*
Centralized Admission Application*
-
-
-
-
30 Biometric Attendance and CCTV Cameras* - -
31 Mobile Learning Centers in Rural Areas* - -
of project, which varies from municipality 32 Redesign of vocational curriculum* - -
33 Smart Building/Energy Management Project* - -
34 Multilingual helpline* - -
to municipality based on their targets. 35
36
Augmented and Virtual Reality tours*
Electronic tour guides*
-
-
-
-
37 Omnichannel marketing* - -
38 Tourist Security Infrastructure* - -
Projects like those are remained empty in 39 Entry of travel start-ups and foreign companies* - -
Public-private investments and partnerships with
40 sharing economy players 2,000,000.00 - 2,000,000.00
the budget table. 41
42
Training programs for local guides*
Tie-ups with educational institutions*
-
-
-
-
43 Encourage digital payments in Municipality* - -
44 Water ATMs* - -
45 Smart metering for water* - -
46 Pipeline monitoring system* - -
47 Intelligent Waste Management* - -
It can be expanded to Waste
management rather than limiting
Remarks: *As per the experiences and practices we have recommended 48 Automated waste sorting 500,000.00 100,000.00 50,000,000.00 10,000,000.00 60,600,000.00 to waste shorting only.
49 Connected public transport 500,000.00 50,000.00 3,000,000.00 600,000.00 4,150,000.00
rough estimation of the budget, but some project need to be planed and 50 Public Transport mobile app 300,000.00 50,000.00 3,000,000.00 600,000.00 3,950,000.00
51 Multi-modal Smart Cards* - -
budgeted in collaboratioin with the Central and Provincial Government Partnership with private
52 Intelligent traffic management* - - company
which can be done during the time of project implementation. Partnership with private
53 Intelligent Parking Lot Management* - - company
54 Disaster Management System* - - Possible national level program
55 Disaster Management Training* - - Possible national level program
80
CONCLUSION
All the countries are moving in fanatic pace towards innovation to boost the ways for
government's performance. For the innovative transformation in Nepal, an adaptation of new
technology should start from a local level. Changunarayan Municipality will be an
exemplarily local government to deliberately initiate this transformative process.
The Changunarayan municipality has already pushed ahead to build and fortify the ICT
sector inside its jurisdiction area. However, a strategic framework is required to move
towards the extensive visions for Digital Municipality. The proposed recommendations will
reinforce the ICT progress by developing a solid pathway to digitalize the municipality for
economic and social development. The success of the Changunarayan digital road map will
remain solely contingent on the extent to which these frameworks are executed irrespective
of political transitions. Therefore execution and follow-up measures should be taken to map
all the digital initiatives.
81

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CHANGUNARAYAN

To improve existing governance practices Information and Communication Technologies

The objective of the study

Post-election plans and policies of the municipality

Plans and policies of the Fiscal year 2076/2077

Extension of Internet Service

Implementation of Biometric Attendance System

Development & Deployment of Darta Chalani & Sifaris System

Development & Deployment of Smart Automated Tourist Guide System

Customization of Electronic Building Permit System (EBPS)

Installments of LED Digital Notice Board

Key Challenges and requirement

Challenges for successful implementation of e-Government initiatives1

Financial Human Technical

Regulatory and Other Challenges

• Develop an operational guideline, modalities, and mechanism for establishing,

Digital Innovation and Co-creation Hub

Department of Communications and IT, Department of Education, and educational institute

• Encourage the development of a supporting eco-system for start-ups.

Case study: Global GiGA Island Initiative - Digital Bangladesh

Welcome to Changunarayan Mobile App

eTicketing of monument entrance tickets

Changunarayan Municipality App

● Improve overall Nepal’s rankings on UN’s E-Government Development Index.

The local government of Changunarayan municipality has made considerable progress in

● It will help to improve overall Nepal’s rankings on the UN’s E-Government

● Collaborate with relevant ministries and departments in terms of electronic

● Collaborate with ministries and departments of IT to make all paper-based documents

Digital Literacy Training

Local government e-learning platform

● Make public servants digitally ready.

● Commission strategy study in consultation with the other relevant ministries,

Changunarayan Municipality initiatives in the agriculture sector encompass technological

In addition, the introduction of digital payments as part of the platform to credit

Digital Disbursements for MSP and Subsidies

The local government of Changunarayan municipality should promote digital payments to

● Help in achieving SDGs related to encouraging and expanding access to banking,

Digitization of Land Records

Smart Irrigation Project

● Helps in achieving the following SDGs.

● Define the product and services requirement specification of both decentralized

Smart Livestock and Wildlife Management

● Improve animal health and productivity

● Commission a study to review and propose the areas of integration of digital

Education and training programs for farmers

Establishment of knowledge centers within the municipality to provide technical knowledge

● Helps in achieving the following SDGs.

● Commission an inception study to design and develop a state-of-the-art knowledge

Digital Healthcare Platform

The platform/app could offer the following facilities to municipality people:

- Information on public healthcare systems and programs

- Information of all nearby healthcare hospitals and centers

- Online booking of appointments with healthcare professionals

- Tracking patients’ healthcare records

● Help in achieving SDGs related to universal access to healthcare (Social Sustainable

Electronic Health Records 2.0

Mobile Health Units

● Help in achieving SDGs related to universal access to healthcare (Social Sustainable

● Help in achieving the following SDGs

Drones for delivery of emergency medical supplies

● Help in achieving SDGs related to universal access to healthcare (Social Sustainable

Centralized Telemedicine Center

● Systematically enhance capabilities of frontline healthcare workers, which will, in