lvqysá keàfï § lmqjka w;ska lvq w;yeÍ ìug jeà we;' ta ksid lmqjkag msiais ù" isys úi{ ù

we;' ta tla lmqjl=g fndfyda fõ,djla hk ;=re isysh fkdueKs ksid uq,a lmqjl= jQ
f,dl=nKaä,e;a;kaj le`ojdf.k wdfõh' Tyq tkúg tu lmqjd ^rkacka& meÿrla u; ksÈ
lrjd ;snQ w;r Tyqg isys úi{j isák nj fmKsks'
f,dl= nKavd t;kg meñK lmqjd wi< my;a ù jdä ù" ish jï w;af,a Wvq me;a;
lmqjdf.a k<,g ;nd" wk;=rej mmqjg o w; ;nd oE;ska w,a,df.k wjg whf.ka úia;r o wik ,È'
f,dl= nKavd → lvqysá ìug jegqkd @
tfia jQ nj ms<s;=re fohs
f,dl= nKavd → ±ka ÈIaáh wefrka keoao@
mqxÑ nKavd → fuhdf. wef`.a ;du ÈIaáh ;sfhkj'
f,dl= nxvd → fïlg nhfjkak tmd' ojq, ioafo ke;s WKd kx fïl wefrkjd
→ f;dú,a ìfï ;ju;a uDÿj ojq, jefha ←
mqxÑ nxvd → u,a oï my hld f,am;a hld wdj kx wefrkj
f,dl= nxvd → Tõ fïl fï u,a oï my hld kgdmqjdu fïl wefrkjd' b;ska fï wfm ldf,;a lvqysá
jegqKd' lvqysá jefgkjd" fmÜá jegqfKd;a ;uhs oreKq lvqysáhla jefgkj lshkafk" ud
w;suq;a jeá,d ;sfhkjd" fmÜáh ;ud nhdkl lvqysá jegqkdg fjk fohla kE' fïl lvqysá jefgkj
lshkafk u,aoï my hld kgkafk' ye;afu f.akafk u,a oï my hld' fïl Wkakdkafif.x
jrola ;snqK;a wfm ndmam yduqÿrefjd" Tn jykafia ug w;sx w; w,a,d ndr §,d" ta §mq"
Wvu¨fj mqxÑ nxvd lshkafk ufh ndmam ug u,a oï my hld f,am;a hld ñßia f.a f,dl=fjd
ug ndr §mq ysñ nf,a" whs;s nf,a wms y;r fofkla ;uhs W.=kakõfj' fuhd mqxÑu tlaflkd
lsisu foalg l,n, fjkav tmd nh fjkav tmd" tfyu fudkj;a fjka kE' tfyu Wfkd;a fï mdh,
bkafk uqkakdkafi ke;s fjkak ´k → ysi by<g fhdud ol=K; wyig È.= fldg" iQ¾hhd foi
m,d ← fï fmdf<dj ke;s fjkav ´k' fïjd wmg ÿkafk" fyd`og wms mh m;=,a fydao,d" lejqï
lsßn;a weo,d" wms fyd`og wej;s,d mej;s,d .;a; foaj,a fïj' fuõjf. ydialx wmg jeã' tal
yskao" nh fjkav fohla kE" u,a oï my hld kgdmqjdu fï f,fâ bjrhs' talg nh fjkak fohla kE'
fïl fuhdg iekis,af, bkav §, lÜáh whsx fj,d bkav' fïl lsisu nh fjkav fohla kE uu ta j.lSu
ndr.kakj' fïjd u,aoï my hld wdmq .ux f,fâ bjrhs' → lmqjdf.a mmqjg w; ;nd ← u,aoï my
hldf. ;ud lvqysá wjq,la kE → ke.sg hhs ←
→ ñßia fmÜáh bys,a,Su
ñßia Èh msßjr
lmqjka fofokd y`.," bk máh" Wrmáh" k<,a máfhka ieriS wf;a r;= froaola
^mÉpjvula& f.k isá;s' fï jk úg" nq,;a hykg ol=Kq mi ueiai u; ;nd ;snQ ñßia fmÜáh
nq,;a hyk u;ska ;nd ;sfí'
fuh r;= froaolska T;d" th mÜgdj,skao .eg.id we;s ;rula úYd, fõje,a fmÜáhls'
 lmqfjda r;= froao È. yer" fl<jr folla oE;ska w,a,df.k isá;s' tu.ska" froafoa wfkla
fofl<jr my<g t,a,d jefÜ' fnr jdokh" lú .dhkh werfò' lmqfjda r;= froao iu. oE; tlalr k<,g
f.k Wvqlh 900 muKu kjd" kuialdr lr h<s l`o Rcq lr oE;a h<s my<g lr.kS' fufia f;jrla
kuialdr lrhs' wk;=rej 900 ka 900 g jdudj¾;j yefrñka ÈYd 4g u tfia kuialdr lrhs' h<s u,a
t<sh foig yeÍ tla jrla kuialdr lr k¾;kh wrUhs' tys§ Wvqlh bfkka bÈßhg uola kjdf.k" yQ
y`v kef.k mßÈ udrefjka udrejg md ;nñka" ju;ska w,a,df.k isák frÈ lv fl<jr k<,g <x lrk
w;r tys wfkla fl<jr w,a,d isák ol=K;ska lf`oka miqmig p,kh lrhs' bka miq ol=K;ska
w,a,d isák frÈ fldgi k<,g <x lrk úg" ju; lf`oka miqmig p,kh lrhs' tfia udrefjka udrejg
lrhs' nq,;a hyk u; ;nd we;s fmÜáh fj; f.dia jfrl frÈ lfâ jï fl<jr /`È ju;" ol=K fl<jr iys;
ol=K; o udrefjka udrejg fmÜáh u; ;nñka kghs' jï fl<jr fmÜáh u; ;nk úg ol=K;ska
w,a,df.k isák wfkla fl<jr ;udf.a ol=Kq we,fhka miqmig w§' ol=Kq fl<jr fmÜáh u; ;nk
úg o" jï fl<jr jï we,fhka miqmig lrhs'

lú
ta tlr., yekakefya
ta fulr., yekakefya
ta jg., yekakefya
ta .=re., yekakefya
ta we`o., yekakefya
ta .=reu,a yekakefya
ta fulr., wekakefya
ta jg., wekakefya
ta .=re., wekakefya
ta we`o., wekakefya
ta .=reu,a wekakefya
ta wdnrk wekakefya
ta ñßia Èh wekakefya
ta ., uqÿfk wekakefya
ta Èjia., wekakefya
h<s tlr., isg .hhs'

lmqfjda fmÜáh oE;ska w,a,d nq,;a hyk wi, Wvq lh kjd fjõ¨ï p,k olaj;s' h<s kg;s' jßka jr
tfia fmÜá w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olaj;s'
ta l=vd l¨ id,s yekakefya
ta uyd l¨ id,s yekakefya
ta l=vd hu lkaã yekakefya
ta uyd hu lkaã yekakefya
ta fmÜáh wekakefya" ta ú,x.= yekakefya
ta ú,af.dïuka uvdfka" ta óla u,a uvdfka
ta tlr., wekakefya" h<s werfò'

lmqfjda fmÜáh w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olaj;s' f;jrla yQ lshd h<s;a uq, isg → kuialdrh
→ fmÜáhg w; fkd;shd 3 mdrla udrefjk → fmÜáhg w; ;nd 3 mdrla udre fjkj' → mdfjkj
→ fmÜáhg w; ;nd 3 mdrla udrefjhs' → mdfjhs → w; ;shd 3 mdrla udre fjhs → md
fjhs'
fuúg yQ lshhs'

fmr mßÈ mÉpjvu i,ñka kghs' tfia hq., isõ jrla ju yd ol=Kq mi <x lrñka kgd mÉpjvu
ysfia oudf.k" bÈßmi fofl<jr oE;ska w,a,df.k udrefjka udrejg thska uola wÈñka tfia 7
jrla lr h<s fmÜáh w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' f;jrla yQ lshhs'
h<s álla kgd
↓
h<s fudÜgelals,sh ysfia ,df.k kghs
↓
h<s uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' f;jrla yQ lshhs' h<s kghs

lú
ta tlr., wekakefya
ta fulr., wekakefya
7 jrla ^hq.,& tfia lr" mÉpjvu ysfika uE;a lr f., msgqmiska f.k folr u;ska jefgk
fia oudf.k fmakh wrUhs'

tlr., wekakefya ^tfyuhs& fulr., wekakefya ishfmd, ishuKaäh foajrlaid lrkj .xfldgq
ySud lrkj wd jix.;s .id ÿrejx lrkj tk jix.;s wduqK yrjkj '''''''''
fohshkafka hq.fha jix.;s fldfyx .shdo fldfyx wdjo lsh, .id ÿrejx lrkj tk hf,a
ux.,af, lvq my;a bysá my;a iqoao ñßia ál;a Th hlv fndr;,a fol;a mdjd fok ;=re kskao.x
fldgq rdc mrfjiaix lrfokj
 mÉpjvu h<s ysfia odf.k fmÜá w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' f;jrla yQ lshhs'
ta jx., wekakefya
ta we`o., wekakefya

h<s keàu wrUhs

bkamiq fmakh wrUhs'

jg., wekakefya lshkj ^tfyuhs&

we`o., wekakefya lshkj ^tfyuhs&

ishfmd, ishuKaäh foajdrlaid lrkj .xfldgq ySud lrkj wd jix.;s .id ÿrejx lrkj tk jix.;s
wduqK yrjkj
''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fohshkafka hq.fha jix.;s fldfyx wdjo fldfyx .shdo lsh, .id ÿrejx lrf.k hkj
h<s uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' f;jrla yQ lshhs'

ta .=re., wekakefya
ta we`o., wekakefya

h<s keàu wrUhs'

fmakh → .=re., wekakefya lshkj we`o., wekakefya lshkj ishfmd, ishuKaäh foajdrlaid
lr,d .xfldgq ySud lr,d wd jix.;s .idÿrejx lr,d tk jix.;s wduqK yrj,d ikakshlal=
nQ;hlal= .e?;fhd fmf¾;fhd y;S lkafox y;S lvjf;x .id ÿrejx lrf.k hkj'
h<s uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k yQ y`v
ta ., uqÿfk wekakefya
ta Èjia., wekakefya
↓
h<s kghs fmakh wrUhs
., uqÿfk wekakefya lshkj Èjia., wekakefya lshkj ishfmd, ishuKaäh foajriaid
lr .xfldgq ySud lr, wd jix.;s '''''' wd jix.;s ''''''' tk hf,a ux.,af, th lvq my;a bysá my;a iqoao
ñßia ál;a hlv fndr;,a fol;a mdjd fok ;=re kskao.xfldgqfj okakd fkdokakd f,a orefjd lsß
orefjd rdc mfriaix lrf.k hkjd'
↓
 h<s uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k" yQ y`v
ta l=vd l¨ id,sfhda
ta uyd l¨ id,sfhda
h<s keàu wrUhs" fmakh lshhs'
l=vd l¨id,s lshkj uyd l¨id,s lshkj ishfmd< ishuKaäh foajdriaid lr, .xfldgq ySud
lr, wd jix.;s .id ÿrejx lr, tk jix.;s wduqK yrj,
fohshkafka f,v hq.fha jix.;s fldfyx .shdo fldfyx wdjo lsh, .id ÿrejx lrf.k hkj'
↓
h<s uvqj w,a,d
ta l=vd hu lKaäfhda
ta uyd hu lKaäfhda
↓
h,s kghs fmakh wrUhs
fmakh → l=vd hu lKaä uyd hulKaä ishfmd< ishuKaäh foajdriaid lr,d .xfldgq ySud lr,
wd jix.;s '''''''' tk hf,a ux.,af, iqoafodx fmaksfhx Th hlv fndr;,a fol;a lvq my;a bysá my;a
iqoao ñßia ál;a mdjd fokl,a kskao.xfldgq rdc mfriaix lrkj
↓
uvqj w,a,d '''''
ta mÜá wekakefya
ta ú,x.= wekakefya
↓
kghs fmakh wrUhs'

mÜá wekakefya ú,x.= wekakefya ishfmd, '''''' .xfldgq ''''' wd jix.;s '''''''' fohshkafka
hq.fha jix.;s fldfyx ''''''''' kskao.xfldgq okakd fkdokakd f,a orefjd lsß orefjd rdc mfriaix
lr, ikaks hlal= ''''''
.id ÿrejx lrf.k hkj
↓
uvqj w,a,d '''''''''''

ta wdnrK wekakefya
ta ñßia f.h wekakefya

↓
 h<s kgd fmakh wrUhs'
fmakh → ^tfyuhs& wdnrK wekakefya ishfmd, ''''''''' .xfldgq ''''' wd jix.;s ''''' tk hf,a
ux.,af, lvq my;a bysá my;a hlv fndr;,a fol;a iqoao ñßia ál;a mdjd fok ;=re
kskao.xfldgqfj okakd fkdokakd f,a orefjd lsß orefjd rdc mfriaix lrkj Th ikaks hlal=
nQ; hlal= .e?;fhd fmf¾;fhd fldfyx .shdo fldfyx wdjo lsh, .id ÿrejx lr, ''''''''''''''''
''''''''''' fldfyx .shdo fldfyx wdjo lsh, .id ÿrejx lrkj okakd fkdokakd f,a orefjd lsß orefjd
rdc mrfjiaix lrkj ^rdc mrfjiaix lrf.k hkak ´k&
uvqj w,a,d kghs' uqúka y`vla k.d" msïula mek myfjhs' ^úkdä 10 muK&
fmak lshk úg tla whl= lshhs' wfkld foda,k p,k olajñka isà'
ñßia fmÜáh keàug fmr .=rejrï .ekSu
l¨nxä,e;a;ka → ''''''''''''''''''

wf;a ;ndf.k kgk r;= froao l¨nKaä,e;a;ka w;g § lmqjka fofokd isgf.k" Wvqlh
iïmQ¾Kfhkau kjd ysi my;a lr je`of.k isáhs'
'''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''
fï rejka f.da,fhdkag wfka wmafmdhs lshk uq,djla fjkav fokak;a tmd fï ish
kskao.x fldgqfj weia f,v nv f,v fydß l=iag ;U l=iag f.ä jÿre u,a jÿre f,a jÿre jiSre jix.;s
lvjr fiakdj lshkj nQ; fiakdj lshkj .ï md¨fjd lshkj .e?;fhd lshkj fmf¾;fhd lshkj y;r Èidfjx
iQßh nQ; lr,d fokj ñila lsisu '''''' fjkak fokafkmd fï wfma frda.sfhla wo fu;k lrof¾l m;a
ú,d ;sfhkj fu;k ufh lsß wïud ysi lr kjk fj,djg thdg yskd uQkska ;xf;dafix fuf;kav tkav
jrx ,efnhs' foúhkakdkafia,df. foaj i;a;dkqndjhs' foaj i;a;dkqndjhs' lmqfjda ke.S isá;s r;=
frÈ h<s ,nd .ks;s'
tfiau f,dl= nKaä,e;a;kag § my; wdYs¾jdoh ,nd.ks;s'
ishla .=rekafkka oyila .=reka ,enqKd oyila .=rekafkka W.;a .=reka ,enqKd
W.;a .=rekafkka ufh .=rejrhkakdkafi yduqÿrefjd ;=kafofkla ,enqKd'
ufh .=rejrhkakdkafi yduqÿrefjd ;=ka fokd fu;k fï uyfmd<fj fï kgdmq ;ekaj, ll=,a yfha
jeÈ,d we;s' b;sx wo wmg fmdä wlr;eífnl=;a ú,d ;sfhkj' lvqysáhla jeá, ;sfhkj' lmqfjd jeá,
;sfhkj' fldfydu Wk;a" fïjg ;sfhkj mrïmrdjla" wjqreÿ foodia mkaiShl b`o,d tkafk fï
foaj,aj,g" fï woysg fkdfõ' ;j ufh ysf;a wjqreÿ foodia mkaiShla ú;r fïl hhs' ta;a bjr fjk
tlla ke;s fjhs' b;ska fuõjd .=re jru mrïmrdfj ysñ n,h" whs;s n,h fudõy;a n,h" msg lrk
foaj,a" fuõjd fldÉpr u< ls,s" fkdu< ls<s b`ÿ,a mdjÜgx ;snqK;a .=re i;a;sh msg ysñ n,h
msg fï uy fmdf<dfj b`of.k fï br Èyd n,d.k wyi Èyd n,d.k fïj i;a;hs .skaor lsh, ÿkak kx
tõj .skaoru ;uhs" taj miafia we,aj;=r fjkav nE" taj .skaor .skaoruhs" b;sx
ufh .=rejrhkakdkafi yduqÿrefjd ;=kafokd fu;k hlalx lrd ta ll=,a yh;a fï uyfmdf<dfj
jeÈÉÑ ;ekl wo wms fï iqoao nQñhl b`of.k fï wo fï hlalx lrkafk fïl u¨jla jf.a ;ekla
fu;k .=rejrfhd fomd k., f;dú,a kgdmq ;ekla" b;sx lsß wïug wo" iqoao ñßiaf.a
wekakefyg fldÉpr u< ls,s fkdu< ls,s b`ÿ,a mdjÜgx ;snqK;a .kakd fkd.kakd u<
udxi ;snqK;a w`Èkd y`.f,ka jrola ;snqK;a n`Èkd máfhka jrola ;snqK;a" u,W¨j,ska jrola
;snqK;a" rejka lmqjkafkka jrola ;snqK;a" fldÉpr jrola ;snqK;a" taj kslx Thl wr j;=r
neye, hkakd jdf.a .=re jrug wer,d foú jrug wer,d whs;s n,hg wer, Wvu¨fj mqxÑ nxvd
lshkafk Wvu¨fõ Wlal= nxvf.x wdmq fohla" fïj ,ndf.k" wfma uq;a;d"
wfma ;d;a;f. ;d;a; ;uhs Wvu¨fj Wlal= nxv lshkafk' thdf.x wdmq foaj,a wms fï lrkafk'
wfma uq;a; lrd wfma ndmam lrd" wfma ;d;a; lrd lsh,d kE" wms fyd`og wej;s,d
mej;s,d mh m;=,a fydao, .=re kïnqj ;sh, .=rejrhskag fyd`og wej;s, mej;s, fï Wkakdkafi,
taj wrf.k ;sfhkafk' fïj .skaor jdf. lshd,d §mq tajd" WU,g;a tfykx .skaor jdf. ta
i;a;dkqndjhs" .=rejrfhd ;=kafokdf. i;a;dkqndjhs'

fmÜá jeàu .ek lshk l;d ^W.W. úfcar;ak&

ñßiaf.a f,dl=jkafka msßjr kegQ miq rkackag uola iqjùu ms<sn`oj u,a.yú, úfcar;ak mjik
oE
lvqysá" mia wdldfrlg taf.d,af,d tkj" fïfl fudlla yß Wfkd;a ñßiaf.a f,dl=fjd ke;a;x
u,aox my hld kg, neßkx Tkak ux okakj fuhd uefrkj lshkak' u,a ox my hld" f,am;a hld'
fvdÜg tal hula fjkfldg idudkHfhka fohls wms okakjfka fïfl hxlsxis ;Dma;shla"
wms úkaokhla lr, ;sfhk ñksiaiqfk" wms wjqreÿ mkyla yegla"
uu → fudlla yß fohla Wkdg miafi wdfh tal fïj lr.kak mq¨jx fkao
iudj .kak mq¨jx ±x fvdlag fu;k fï fjksx n,.;= hla fmd,lf.x m%Yafk Wfka' thsg
jeäh ;j flfkla ;uhs ñßiaf.a f,dl=fjd ox ñßiaf. f,dl=jkafk hlskafkd fjkhs" mdjvd hlskafkd"
ñßiaf.a f,dl=fjd kegqjkx fldfyduo@ → iskdfihs ←
uu → mdjvd hlskafkd kgoaÈu wvq Wkd fkao

úfca → wvq Wkd" wkak b;sx wms Tõj lr,' ux lsõjfk Tõj y`.,a frÈ weof.k kegqjg nE'
iuyr fj,djg ug ;ryfjhso okafk;a kE lÜáh" kuq;a Tõj wms fndfydau wudrefjx Tõjfh fydr
uerlx ta .=refydrlx wms ,ndf.k ;sfhkafk' wfma ndmam" wfma whshg ;ud yßhg
W.kak, ;sínd' whshf. f.da,fhd ;uhs fï bkafk" wfma u,a,s, tfyu" wfma ndmamf.
f.da,fhd ;uhs Th bkafk" rd<ydñ" tfyu uefrkjkx b;sx fï wms fïj lrkak ´klul=;a kE'
uu → fmÜájegqfkd;a wdurehs lshkj fkao
 fvdlag fmÜá jegqfkd;a kslx wr jia jÈkj jdf." lsß wïu,df. mj,x fmÜáh' yenehs
talg;a ;j ñkS urka ke;=j fífrkak l%fïl=;a ;sfhkj' Bg miafi fmÜáh jegqfkd;a ;j
hl=ka ;=kla kgkak ´k' tfyu Wfkd;a wdfh fudlj;a fjkafk kE' ux fï fvdlagg lshkafka" wr
lSjg wksla ñksfyl=g kx ux lshkafk;a kE" lSjg jevl=;a kE" f;rex .kak neß ñksiaiqkag
lsh, jevla kEfk' tlla jegqfkd;a" fmÜáh yïnd fl<skl=g jegqfkd;a hl=x ;j ;=kla kegqfjd;a
lsis fohla fjkafk kE'
uu → lõo ta ;=kafokd @
.,a bß kdÉÑ,d" lsßm;a kdÉÑ,d" yïnd l=udß,d
uu → wdfh kgkafvdfk@
wdfh kgkafvdak f,am;a kdÉÑ,d yïnd l=udß,d" wdfh kgkafkdak
lmqjka fmr mrÈ" isõ ÈYdjg f;jr ne.ska kuialdr lr" h<s tla jrla uvqj foig kuialdr
lrhs' fnr jdokh yd lú .dhkho isÿfõ' uvqj wi, ìu w;=.d msßisÿ lr" uvqjg wä lSmhla
bÈßfhka jxf.ähla hál=re lr ìu ;nd we;' jxf.äh yd uvqj w;r fldgfia isg lmqjkaf.a fuu
kuialdrh isÿ fõ'
wk;=rej lmqjka fmr k¾;kfha wdldrhgu r;= i¨j jkñka k¾;fha fhfoa'
jßka jr uvqj fj;g f.dia ;d,hg" jfrl mÉpjvfï jï fldK fmÜáhg ;nd" ol=K;ska w,a,d
isák ol=Kq fldK isreßka ol=Kq we,fhka miqmig lsÍu" bkamiq ol=Kq fldK fmÜáh
u; ;nd ju;ska jï fldK msgqmig lsÍu f,i hq., 2la isÿ lrhs'
fuh jkafka my; mßÈh
uq,skau → hq., 21 udrefjka udrejg ysig <x lsÍu' fï w;r fmr mßÈ lmqjka 3 udrefjhs'
↓
fmÜáh we,a,Su
^lmqjka 3 udre fjhs' fmr mßÈ&
↓
bkamiq jxf.äh jgd f.dia meñK h<s fmÜá w,a,hs
↓
fufia f;jrla lrhs'
↓
y;rfjks jr my; mßÈh'
↓
fofl<jßka froao w,a,df.ku" froafoa wfkla fldgi jxf.äh u;ska t<d" jfrl jia;%fha jï fldKo"
B<`. jr ol=Kq fldKo" jxf.äfha iam¾Y lrhs' wfkla lmqjdo ta iu. Bg yjq,a fõ' lmqfjda
froafoa fofldKo" tlsfkl oE;a tlg w,a,df.k" Wvqlh keù jxf.äh u; froafoa fofldK ;nñka
 fomi isg tlaj kg;s' tfia 5 j;djla lr" h<s ke.S isg miafika miaig kgñka j;djla tfia lr h<s
fmÜá w,a,d kghs'
↓
j;djla kgd
↓
h<s jxf.äh fj; f.dia th w,a,d fmr mßÈ kghs → hq., 4la
↓
bj;aj hq., 5la kgd
↓
fmÜá w,a,d kghs
↓
ke.S isg jxf.äh fj; kgñka f.dia
↓
jxf.ä w,a,d kgd
↓
uvqj fj; f.dia th w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' f;jrla yQ y`v k.hs'
↓
h<s kgñka jxf.äh fj; f.dia lsysm j;djla th w,a,ñka kgd ^3& ta u; oE;a ;nd keù isg f;jrla
yQ y`v k.hs'
↓
h<s jxf.ä w,a,ñka kghs ^4&
↓
h<s fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' yQ y`v k.hs ^fojrla&
↓
h<s kgñka uvqj fj; f.dia fmÜá w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs 3 jrla yQ y`v k.hs'
↓
h<s kgñka jxf.ä fj; f.dia ^4& th w,a,d kghs ^3&
↓
jxf.ä w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs f;jrla yQ lshhs'
↓
jxf.ä w,a,d kghs ^3&
↓
jxf.ä w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k yQ y`v ^3&
↓
 ke.S isg tla lmqjl= ish oEf;a ;snQ froao jxf.äh u; t,hs'
↓
lmqjd w;g ;j;a r;= froaola ,nd § Tyq th f.k kgñka fmÜáh fj; f.dia" th w,a,d kghs' ^7&
wfkla lmqjdo tfia lrhs'
↓
h<s jxf.ä fj; meñK lsysm jrla ^2& jxf.äh w,a,d kgd fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' yQ y`v k.hs'
↓
h<s lSmjrla jxf.ä w,a,d ^2& fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' yQ lshhs'
↓
h<s uvqj fj; f.dia fmÜáh w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' yQ lshhs'
↓
bka miq thska ke.S" r;= froao ish ysig oudf.k" my;a ù ^uqyqK froafoka wdjrKh ù
ke;& froafoa fofldKska w,a,df.k isg" jxf.äh fj; meñK" jxf.äh ueÈ jk fia tys fomi isg
keù" tlsfkldf.a oE;a w,a,d.kS' w,a,d.;a oE;a" jï hq.auh yd ol=Kq hq.auh udrefjka
udrejg hq., 3 la jxf.äh u; ;nd" wk;=rej oE;a jxf.äfha ;ndf.k fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' 3 jrla yQ
lshhs'
↓
h<s oE;a udrefjka udrejg ;nñka kghs ^3&
↓
h<s fjõ¨ï p,k" yQ y`v
↓
ke.S isg ysi kjdf.k" froafoa fofldk w,a,df.k" jxf.äh jgd miqmiska miqmig kgñka f.dia
^uvqj fj; meñK fmÜá fj; meñK fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs" yQ lshhs'&
↓
h<s oE;a w,a,d jxf.ä u; ;nd ^3&
↓
h<s fjõ¨ï p,k yQ y`v ^1 jrla&
↓
h<s udrefjka udrejg oE;a ;nd ^3&
↓
h<s fjõ¨ï p,k yQ y`v ^1 jrla&
↓
fmÜá w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k" yQ y`v ^2&
↓
 jxf.ä fj; f.dia udrefjka udrejg oE;a ;nhs ^3&
↓
fjõ¨ï p,k yQ y`v ^1&
↓
oE;a udrefjka udrejg ^3&
↓
fjõ¨ï p,k yQ y`v ^1&
^;;a 2-3 muK&

bkamiq ke.g tla lmqjl= jxf.ä u; jdä fõ' ta iekska Tyq ke.sg" wfkla lmqjdj ta u; jdä lrhs'
Tyq jxf.äh u; jdä ù" Wvqlh uola bÈßhg kjd" ysi my<g fhdud" ysfia r;= froao
oud isref¾ uo fjõ¨ï p,k iys;j ys`§' wfkla lmqjd ta jgd jghla f.dia fmÜáh fj; hhs' fofokd
hq., 3la yQ lshhs'
↓
lmqjd uvqfõ isg wdmiaig kgñka meñK" jxf.äh yd lmqjd jgd jghla f.dia h<s uvqj fj; ths'
fmÜá w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd hq., 2 la yQ lshhs'
↓
;j jrla tfia f.dia uvqjg meñK yQ y`v 3 jrla k`.hs'

fï jk úg fmÜáh ueiai u; ;nd ,Kqj,ska ueiaig .eg.id we;' w;jrlrejka .eg ,syhs' fmÜáh
fkdjeàug mfriaiï fjhs'
^wfhla → fyd`og w,a, .kak fmÜáh jÜgkak tmd wfm wïfuda& Wlal= nkafv ,sysksh
mÜfgl=;a ;sfhkjd rd,ydñ fyd`og w,a,.ksx ´l'

msßi tlaj fmÜáh f.k" lmqjdf.a ysig ±uQ r;= froao u; th ;nhs' lmqjd oE; Tijd th
ysfia ;nd w,a,d isg kgñka miafika miai f.dia" jxf.äh yd jdä ù isák lmqjd jgd jg 3 la
f.dia" jxf.äh u; isák lmqjdf.a Tfvdlal=j u; fmÜáh ;nhs' jgd isák whg o Bg iyh fj;s' fï
iu`. iqÿ frÈ úhkla" msßi Bg by<ska w,a,hs'
fï olajd lshQ lú my; fõ' ^f,dl= nxvd&

ta tlr., wekakefya
ta fulr., wekakefya
ta r;a., wekakefya
ta jg., wekakefya
ta .=re., wekakefya
ta .=reu,a wekakefya
ta wdNrK wekakefya
ta ., uqÿfka wekakefya
ta ., mduqf,a yria., wekakefya

ta ú,af.duqjx uodrd
ta tlr., wekakefya
ta fulr., wekakefya
ta yria., wekakefya
ta ., uqÿfka wekakefya
ta ., mduqf,a wekakefya
ú,a f.duqjx uodrd

ta tlr., wekakefya
ta fulr., wekakefya
ta r;a., wekakefya
ta ks,au,a wekakefya
ta .=reu,a wekakefya
ta wdnrK wekakefya

È.ska È.gu fïjd .efha' we;eïúg tla whl= .hk úg h<s" fjk;a whl= úiska
—tlr.,˜ isg .ehSu wrUhs' lùka fjka fjkaj tfia .hhs' ms<sfj< o fjkia fõ'

fmÜáh f.k wd lmqjd fmÜáh ne`o we;s r;= froafoa .eg tlska tl ,syhs' ta ,syk .eghla mdid
fofokd tl jr ne.ska yQ lshhs' wfhla ly Èhr msrjQ fldryla f.k mfil isgf.k isà' lmqjd thska
Èhr f.k" fmÜáfha mshkg oud oE;ska tys '''''''''''''''' fofokd uola fõ,d fmÜáh w,a,d fjõ¨ï
p,k olajd yQ y`v lshd ^1 jrla& fmÜáfha mshk .,jhs'
fmÜáh f.k wd lmqjd fmÜáfha we;s j<¨ oE;ska f.k" mryo fldryg ouhs' tys we;s
m`vqre ldiso f;dard mryo fldryg ouhs' tys§ fmÜáfha we;s .ïñßia fkdtk fia tajd .ekSug
m%fõYï fõ' ish,a, f;dard wjika jQ miq lmqjd ish ol=K; È.=lr w;a, md hula b,a,k nj
y`.jhs' Tyq w;g nq,;a fld<hla ,nd fohs' lmqjd th l=vd fldgiaj,g lvd tajdg .ïñßia weg
lSmhla oud T;hs' lmqjka fofokdu fmÜáfha lg fj; keù" lg wdjrKh lrf.k" ysfia r;= froao
iys;j isà' yQ y`v k.hs' fmÜáh f;arE lmqjd iqref¾ fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs'
 fofokd ysi <x lrf.k fudÜgelals,s j,ska jidf.k isà' fofokd fofokdg ñßia ljd.kS'
^ndysr whg fkdfmfka&
wk;=rej ke.S isg fmÜáfha lg w,a,df.k uola keù fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' wk;=rej fofokdu
tl jr ne.ska yQ y`v k.hs' th wjika jQ miq lmqjd fjõ¨ï p,k kj;d fl<ska fõ' ta iu. wfkla
lmqjd nq,;a fld< lene,a,l ;snQ .ïñßia weghla$lsysmhla jfÜ isák whl=g fohs' ^ñßia
fn§u&
h<s isgf.k isák lmqjd uola keù fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' fofokd tljr ne.ska yQ lshhs' th
wjika jQ miq lmqjd fjõ¨ï p,k kj;d" fl,ska fõ' wfkla lmqjd jfÜ ;j;a whl=g .ïìßia fohs'
fufia jfÜ whg .ïñßia fnohs'
tajd ,nd.kakd wh tu .ïñßia weg wkqNj fkdlr" h<s fmÜáhgu ±óug m%fõYï fjhs'
.ïñßia lEfjd;a
Èk 21 la iqoao fmaks fjkak mq`Mjka
lkak mq`Mjx → lsisu udxihla lkak nE → uqj" f.dak lkak mq¨jx
tu nq,;a lEfjd;a → ta;a tfyuhs

B<`.g ñßia Tmamq .kakjd'

wfhla → nq,;a fldf<a odkafkmd' Th fld< lEjg lula kE'

uu .kakd úg wfhla → fvdlag" .ïñßia odkak we;=<g

fnod wjika jQ úg chisxy → wfh kE lsßwïu wfh kE

wfhla nq,;aj, ;enQ .ïñßia lmqjdg fohs' lmqjd th f.k fmÜáhg oud fjõ¨ï p,k olajd tljr
ne.ska yQ lshd" nq,;a fld<h h<s fohs' fufia wfkla who fmÜáhg .ïñßia ouhs'

y,añ,a, → ñßia ,nd fokafk tajd nq,;a u; ;nd" j,,a,la o uqoaola iu. th f,akaiqjla u; ;ndh'
m`vqreo Bg ;nhs' we;eï úg f,akaiqj ke;sj o fo;s' nq,;a fjkqjg lekao y,añ,a, .; yel' we;eï
úg y,añ,a, fld< lSmhla u; nq,;a fld<h ;nd ta u; ñßia mvqre mj,ï ;nhs' nq,;a ÿkafkd;a th
lmqjd .kS'
thg ouk m`vqre yd nq,;a$y,añ,a, /f.k fjku wfhl= kej; ,nd.kS'
wjika jQ miq fhla → gÜ gla .d, tkak' .ïñßia odkak bkak lÜáh bkakjkx tkak'
lmqjd ke.S isg fmÜáh lg oE;ska w,a,d uo fjõ¨ï p,k olajñka isà' wfkla lmqjdo
jxf.äh u; ys`o ish oE; fmÜáfhys lg jgd oud w,a,d isà'
 mryo fldryg ±uQ" wdnrK" w,a,d isák wh o ta fkdjeàug m%fõiï fjhs' ^wfma
mK;a tlhs fï wdNrK;a tlhs' fï tlla ìu jegqfKd;a bjrhs'&
wk;=rej lmqjd álska ál fldryg ±uQ wdnr h<s álska ál f.k" fmÜáhg ouhs' fldrfya
.ïñßia weg ;sfí kï tajdo m%fõYfuka f;dard fmÜáhg .kS' tla weghl=ÿ b;sß fkdlsÍug m
%fõYï fjhs'
 lmqjka jxf.äh u; jdäùfuka miq lú lSula fkdisÿ fõ' fnr uDÿj jefha'
wk;=rej mshk f.k" fjõ¨ï p,k olajñka" yQ y`vla ^1 hq.,la& k.d mshk ;nd" r;= froaola
fmr mßÈ .eg .ihs' .eg .ikafka o fjõ¨ï p,k olajñks' .egh ;o lrk úg yQ y`v k.hs' ^f;jrla&
fjõ¨ï p,k olajñka oE;ska .egh ms<sfh, lrhs' bkamiq oE;ska tu ;olrk fofldk
w,a,df.k" fjõ¨ïp,k iys;j" ysi <xlrf.k" lmqjka fofokd f;jrla yQ y`v k.d wjika yQ y`v
iu. .egh ;o lrhs'
 yQ lshkafka tla lmqjl= yQ lS úg wfkla lmqjd lshhs' iEu úgu tfiah'
.eg .Kk → @@ → ksYaÑ; ke;
wk;=rej lmqjd oE; È.= lrk úg Tyq w;g nq,;a fld< lSmhla fohs lmqjka fofokd
w;g mhg tajd fnohs'
wk;=rej jdä ù isák lmqjd fmakh wrUhs' ^Wmd,s&
i;a uQfoka tfoafia ^tfyuhs& tka;a; tmsg foafia trkafoda f.dve,af,a r;a y`ÿka
Whka oyilg ueoafoa kdhl rka y¨;a .fya kef.kysrg .sh l`o nv n,d.k mrisoao ù.k ta;a
fï ;=ka f,djg n, uÈhs lshd i;a uQfoka tfoafia tk;a; tmsg foafia trkafoda f.dve,af,a r;a
y`ÿka Whka oyilg ueoafoa
chisxy meñK
rka ls;=,a Whka oyilg ueoafoa lshd lshhs' túg lmqjd tf,i fjkia lr lshhs'
rka ls;=,a Whka oyilg ueoafoa kdhl rka ls;=,a nv m,d.k mrisoao ùf.k uvqjka
oyil iys; jvjd.kd rka flfÜß oyila f.kakjdf.k i;a uQfoka tfoafia tk;a; tmsg foafia trkafoda
f.dve,af,a kdhl i`ÿka .kag foaj Èjia ,d,d i`ÿka rela lmamjdf.k tu .fyx rx Trejla
lmamjdf.k tu .fya lf`ox rxjkla lmamjdf.k tlr tfoafig .ug mrisoao fjkak ´kehs lshd Wäx
Wvq úhx w,a,d.k jáx jg úhx w,a,d.k ueog rx mshú,s t,df.k rxTrejg .ug mrisoao ú,d
iqoao kd. f,djg isysk jvjd.k uyl, kd. rdchdf.ka iqoao ñßia weuh;a iqoao ñßia wefÜ rka
ofòg ysgjd.k" ta;a ojig ''''' iqoao ñßia fk,kak ´khs lshd tlr tfoafix trx i¨jla f.kakd.k y;uqk
m;a,;lg iqoao ñßia fk,d.k y;uqk m;a,y;a ldg ±l=ï fokakfoda lshd l;r.u lkafodiajdñka
jykafiag y;uqk ±l=ï §f.k y;uqk m;a,y;a fï krf,djg lshd.k l=vd m;a;sks lshd jrï wr.k
mx.= myg foaj Èjia ,d,d mx.= mfyka lmqjka mia fofkla w,a,d.k lmqjka mia fokdf.ka
m;a wyqre myla wh lr.;a iqoao ñßia f.a yekakefya ta;a fï ;=ka f,djg n, uÈhs lshd i;a
uQfoka tfoafia tk;a; tmsg foafia trkafoda f.dve,af,a r;a y`ÿka Whka oyilg ueoafoa kdhl
r;ay`ÿka .yg ydialï md,d ^uola isák úg chisxy i`ÿka rela lmamjdf.k f,i lshhs'&
lmqjd → '''''''''''' rka flfÜß oyila f.kakjd.k rela lmamjdf.k i`ÿka .fyka rka Trejla
lmamjd.k tu lf`oa .fyka rkajkla lmamjd.k rka Trejg .uka mrisoao fjkak ´kehs lshd
iqoao kd. f,djg iSkjvjd.k uyl, kd. rdchdf.ka iqoao ñßia weghla f.kakjd.k tla ojig tla
fm;s tkak jrï §.k foojig fofm;s tkak jrï §.k ;=ka ojig ;=ka fm;s tkak jrï §.k idr ojig idr
fm;s tkak jrï §.k i;a ojig mQÈkak ^mSfokak& m¨lka tkak jrï §.k iqoao ñßia fk,kak
´kehs lshd tlr foafika trka i¨jla f.kajd.k y;uqk mka,dyla iqoao ñßia fk,d.k y; uQk m,a,d
fï kd. f,djg ;shd.k y;uqk m,a,d ldg ±l=ka fohsfoda lshd foaj Èjia ,d,d Y%S úIakq
lkafodiajdóka jykafiag ±l=ï ;shd.k l=vd m;a;sks lshd jrï wr.k mx.= myg foaj Èjia ,d,d
mx.= mfyka lmqjka mia fofkla w,a,d '''''' .;a iqoao ñßia f.a wekakefya ^hym;s lsß
wïu&
tk hf,a ux.,af, iqoao ñßia ál;a lvq my;a bysá my;a" mdjd fok ;=re" kskao.x
fldgq rdc mrfjiaix lr.k hkjd ^hym;s lsßwïu&
fï jk ;=re wi, foda,k p,k olajñka isà'
lmqjka fofokdu jxf.äh w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd" f;jrla yQ lshd fmÜáh Tijd tla
lmqfjl=f.a ysi u; ;nhs' h<s fmr lúu .dhkh werfò' Tyq miafika miaig jxf.äh jgd hhs' 3
jrla fmÜáh ysfia ;nd w;a Tijd th w,a,df.k tlr., wekakefya lúh lshhs'
wfkla lmqjd Wvq lh 900 muK bÈßhg kjd" bi my;a lrf.k" mÉpvu ysfia oud tys
fofl<jr oE;ska w,a,df.k fnr ;d,hg wkqj" fmÜáh .;a lmqjd miqmi" miafika miaig hhs'
tfia jg 3 la f.dia ueiai fj; f.dia th ueiai u; ;nhs' wfkla lmqjdo ta wi<g ths' túg
fofokd f;jrla ne.ska yQ lshhs'
wfhla → ;sín jdf.u ne`om,a, wo
lmqfjda fnr y`vg wkqj Wvmekqï wdldr p,k olajñka fmÜáh w,a,df.k kg;s' yQ y`vla k.d
mek p,k nd, lr k¾;kh yudr lrhs' fmÜáhg j`Èhs'
msßi fmÜáh ,Kq f.k" ueiafiys n`Èhs'

lmqjd y`., yeo bk máh k<,a máh ne`o r;= froao u; nq,;a fld<hla ;nd ta u; ;enQ
fmd,a f.äh ord isà' fmd,af.äfha mßêh jgd ly" yqKq tl;=lr ie¥ j¾Kfhka ;Srejla we`o we;'
^fmd,af.äh wdhs;a;ï lrkjd&
kgk lmqjd lsßfldry keàu ndrf.k isák mqoa.,hl= yd .=re lmqjl= ^f,dl= nxvd&
w;r we;sjk ixjdoh fufiah'
x → hkq tu mqoa.,hd H.M. wixl mshr;ak
l → f,dl= nxvd
z → wfkla ldka;dj
p → lmqjd
m → ldka;djla

x → ux tal fmdfrdkaÿ fjkakE' ta lshkafk wf;a lõjk yrlafk ux ,`. bkafk

l→´
x → wrE rxckh ug ndr ÿkakd" ux b;sx nE lshka ke;=j ndr.;a;' Bg miafi ;nd ux Th jefâ
lrf.k wdfõ' ug tfyu nEfk ±x W!gfk b;=re Wxf. yrla
l → ta fokafk tlal l;d lr.kak ´k' lsß fldria fldfyj;a kslx kgkakE'
x → ug ndr §mq ysxod ux Th lrf.k hkafk
l → ta fudlo
x → lsßfldry ±x .sh mdr ug lSj WU fïl ndrwerf.k WU fïl lrmx lsh,
l → ta ndr .;a;g yeuodu weo.k hkakE lmqfjd' ±x fj,dj lSho' tal yskao" tl ierhla weo.k
hkj' ths,.g n,kj fudloao ug ÿkafk lsh,d' tlr., wfm ndmamj;a kgkafk kE' WU,f. lS fofkla
yrla yïnqkdo" tal yskao" lmqjg ;=kafokdf.x tfllaf.x yß jeiafila ,efnkak ´k fu;k iEfyk
hlalula ;shkj fï'
wfhla → jfr,a, fokakun jfrka
→ lsß yrla yok wfkla fofokdo f.kajhs'
l → WU,g yrla bkafk mÜáfh@
z→´
l → fï lmqrd<g lsßfldry yq`.,a l,a kgkav ´k'
p → Wxg fudkdyß Wfkd;a wms j.lshkav ´k'
l → j.lshkav ´k yrl=kag fudkd yß Wfkd;a tal yskaod" WU, ;=kafofklafk fïl kgjkafka
w;a ,kqfj yrla → .fï ;shdf.k lõjkjd msgg wßka ke;=j
z → ;=kafofkla fkfõ mÜáfh bkakj ;j lÜáh Tlafldu
l → ta" lsß ±ïug wmg wjq,la kE uq¨ .uu ±ïu;a lula kE' fuhdg ,nk wjqreoafo ye;afu kgkj
biafi,a, jeiaisfhla fokjo WU, keoao → lmqjd foig we`.s,a, lr fmkajñka ←
z → wfma fokakhsfk bkafk
x → tal b;sx WU, n,d.kak ´k' ufh yrla bkafk w;a ,kqfj WU, b;sx ;Srfkalg weú,a, fokak
´k'
l → T;k yrla meáh yïfnÉpu wdi fjkj' ufhx ú;rla fofkafk wehs' wrlf.;a bkakj' ufh megõ
fokakE wrlf.;a wr meáfhla bkakj' wr.f,al=;a wg .kakj' ug;a ux Wk;a ys; ßÈhhs'
z → ufh fokafkl=;a ysáh fokaku ueÍ .shd' ux .=rekakdkafiag;a lshõjd'
p → uefrkj ;uhs'
l → yß b;sx ys; msßiqÿ kE lmqj.
z → b;sx msßisÿ fjkak tmehs .sh iefr;a Th jf.a fyd`og kgd,d weúÈx tfyu b,a,, ;sín kx
fokj'
l → b,a,,d tal ;uhs uefrka ke;s fjkak ;uhs fï jefâ lrkak ,eye;a;sh'
z → wdfh kE' jiafid fokafkla ysáh ta fokaku úlald
l → t;fldg wehs WU
z → '''''''''''''''''' jeiaisfhla
l → f.or@
z→´
l → t;fldg wfkla Wx
m → uqka±g jeys meáfhla fokakx wdfh fï" tÉpr tllalehs
z → ux .=rekakdkafig .sh iefr;a lshõj' jiafid fokafkla ysáh fokaku uerekd'
l → tfykx fl,a,f. ;uhs iïmQ¾fKx lsß fldry we'
m → yß yß fokj ux' kgdmx
l → iqÿ wïnr jiafid l¨ wïnr jiafid fyd`og ''''''
 .fï yrla 200 la bkak nj;a" yrla ysñ mjq,a 10 la muK bkak nj;a" bka mjq,a 3lg
muK rkacka th ndr § we;s nj;a '''' mejiqjd'
miqj u,a t<sh bÈßmi ìu msßisÿ lr ta ìu jxf.äh ;nd tys froaola t<d we;' → fuÈk
iqÿ ks,a fldgq f,akaiqjla oud ta u;ska ly ;=jdhlao oud ←
lmqjd r;= froao u; ;enQ fmd,af.äh yd msyshla o f.k isà' thg ÿïu, w,a,kq ,efí'
jxf.äh jfÜg o ÿïu, w,a,hs'
bka miq lmqjd nq,;a u; ;enQ fmd,af.äh" msysh oE;ska w,a,df.k hdÈks lshñka
jxf.äh jgd jdudj¾;j .uka lrhs' fmd,af.äh hÈkjd hkqfjka fuh y`ÿkajhs'
wdhsfndfydajd wdhsfndfydajd wdhsfndfydajd ishla .=rekafkka
oyila .=reka ,enqKd' oyila .=rekafkka wfma .=reka ,enqKd wfma .=rekafkka
ufh .=rekakdkafi yduqÿrefjd ,enqKd ufh .=rekakdkafi yduqÿrejkafkka ug ,enqKq .=re
i;H .=re jru j,x.=hs' foú i;H foú jru j,x.=hs' mrïmrd n, j,x.=hs' ysñ n,h j,x.=hs' whs;s n,h
j,x.=hs' ufh .=rekakdkafia yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia W!j fodf<dia ks,hla .nvd .ï
mkaiShla jkaksish m;a;=j;a w,a,d j,x.= lr.;a f,da W;=ï jkaksh nxvdr uy rcd ufh
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia wïnr jiafida fj,a n,d .sysx ysáh;a Èh n,d .ysx ysáh;a Wx ysá
nQñhg tkav Èjia fokjd ñila kskaodjlg mrdohlg bvla ;shkafkmd'
ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdfia hf,x hd, nÿ jeälr §mx ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia
wïnr jiafida wïnr jeiaisfhda .õ.dkla ke;=j w,a,kav Èjia §mx uh
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia weia f,v .id ÿrejx lr, §mx nv f,v .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx fydß
l=Üg .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx l=rf,v .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx mÜá wj,x .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx ndx
wj,x .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx j,almqre.x n,a,f. bj yer u. wrj,d§mx W!j fodf<dia ks,hla .nvd .x
mkaiShla jkaks ish m;a;=jla w,a,d j,x.= lr.;a f,da W;=ï jkaksh nxvdr uyrcd ufh
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafiag ux lshk lkak,õjhs lshk ueyeú,a,hs msx we;s l=i,a we;s
hyfmd;s'
whqfndfydajd wdhsfndfydajd
wkqjia nxvdr uh yduqÿrefjda ;uqkakdkafia f;aoia nxvdr uh
yduqÿrefjda ;uqkakdkafia lS¾;s nxvdr uh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia" .,afldgqfõ lS¾;s
nxvdr ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia foysf.d,af,a u, Wmka foaj;djd ufh
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia yqka lsß .dk n,d mdj.ksx ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia mg
m`vqre n,d mdjd .ksx ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia lv y`.,a n,d mdjd .ksx ufh
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia lruq;=je,a n,d mdjd.ksx ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia tk hf,a
hdf,x hd, nÿ jeä lrkjd ñila ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia weia f,v ueoyia Wkd lSfjd;a
ndx wj,x Wkd' lSfjd;a .=re jrug wjkskaohs mrïmrd n,hg wjkskaohs ufh
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia wïnr jiafid fj,a n,d .sysx ysáh;a Èh n,d .sysx ysáh;a l`ÿ yf;x
l,d yf;x tkav Èjia fokjd ñila kskaodjlg mrdfolg bvla ;shkafkmd'
ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafig ux lshk lkak,djhs lshk ueyeú,a,hs msx we;s l=i,a
we;s hyfmd;s wdhsfndfydajd wdhsfndfydajd
wrx.,g urx.,g f.äf.g [kug mÜá ;=x ndf.g
foaj Èjia foaj lreKd lr.;a l=l=<dfmd< w¨;a u, Wmx foaj;dù ufh lsßwïud
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia wïnr jiaixf.a fydß l=iag .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx ;U l=iag .id ÿrejx
lr,d §mx f.ä jÿre .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx f.ä jÿre .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx u,ajÿre .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx
fohshkafka f,v hq.fha jix.;s .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx j,a lmqre .ï n,a,kaf. bj yer u.
wer,d §mx ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia ufh lsß wïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia wrx.,g
urx.,g''''
''''''''''''''''''''
foaj Èjia foaj lreKd lr .;a l=l=<dfmd< w¨;a u, Wmka foaj;dù ufh lsßwïud
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafiag ux lshk lkak,djhs lshk ueyeú,a,hs msx we;s l=i,a we;s
hym;s wdhqfndfydajd wdhqfndfydajjd wdhsfndfydajd
ufh lsß wïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia Wvqúhx l=udß ufh lsßwïud
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia jg úhx l=udß ufh lsß wïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia mhg rx
mshú,s t,dmq rx mshú,s l=udß ufh lsßwïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafi lv y`.,a l=udß ufh
lsß wïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia lruq;=je,a l=udß ufh lsßwïud
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia rx mkfï lsßwïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia yqx lsß .dk n,d
mdjd .ksx ufh lsß wïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia tk hf,a hdf,x hd, nÿ jeä lrkjd ñila
kskaodjg mrdfog .shd lshkak tmd' ufh lsßwïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafiag ux lshk
lkak,djhs lshk ueyeú,a,hs msx we;s l=i,a we;s hyfmd;s wdhsfndfydajd wdhsfndfydajd
wdhsfndfydajd ufh yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia wïudkx kqjrg jev, wïuÉÑ;a urd.k
wmamÉÑ;a urd.k whshkaä;a urd.k wlalkaä;a urd.k l+ój;a urd.k lsßfldafr;a ì`o.k jeäh
Wkdmdfka w¨;a u,Wmx foaj;dù ufh lsßwïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia wïnr jiaikafka
weia f,v .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx wïnr jeiaishkaf.a fydr f,v .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx l=r f,v .id ÿrjx
lr,d §mx mÜá wj,x .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx ndx wj,x .id ÿrejx lr,d §mx fj,a yf;x l`ÿ yf;x l,d
yf;x .sysx ysáh;a ufh lsßwïud yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia wïnr jiafid wïnr jeiaisfhd Wx
ysá mÜáhg Wx ysá nQñhg fj,a yf;x l`ÿ yf;x l,d yf;x ueoyia fjkak ufh lsß wïud
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafia Wkdmdfka w¨;a u, Wmx foaj;dù ufh lsßwïud
yduqÿrefjd ;uqkakdkafiag ufh .=rejrhskakdkafi yduqÿrejkafka .=re jrfuka ux lshk
lkak,djhs lshk ueyeú,a,hs msx we;s l=i,a we;s hyfmd;s wdhsfndfydajd wdhsfndfydajd
th wjika lsÍu;a iu.u ju;g mroao iy fmd<h f.k ol=K;ska msysh f.k" fmd,a f.äh
we`o ;snQ f¾Ldjg msysfhka .id th ì`o jxf.äh Wv ;enQ froao u; ;nkq ,efí'
—.dkak˜ hhs lshhs' lmqjd r;= froao f.k thska uE;a fjhs' msßi fmd,a nE f.k t;ku
ysrukhlska fmd,a .dhs'
lsß fldry
jxf.äh u; ueá fldryla ;nd thg nq,;a oud we;' ta keá fldrfya .eÜg me;a;g;a" w.sis
fldrfya ueog;a jkakgh' nq,;a fld< 7 - 8 la oud we;' nq,;a fld<hlg .d .;a fmd,a lmqjd w;g
ÿka miq lmqjd th uola ñßld thska tk lsß;a" tu fmd¨;a fldry ;=<e;s nq,;a u;g oukq ,efí' tu
nq,;a u; m`vqre" j<¨" ud, lsysmhlao oud we;' fmd,a ;snQ nq,;a fld<ho
fldry ;=<skau ;nhs' lsß yrla we;s wh fnda;,aj,g oud f.kd lsßo fldry ;=<g j;a lrhs'
^fnda;,hla muK&
bka miq lmqjd fldry biaiQ úg fmd,a .d b;sß jQ nE fol jxf.äh ;=<g ouhs →
fmd,a .dk úg fmd,a nEh wjika jk ;=re fkd.dhs ← wk;=rej jxf.äh u;ska h<s
fldry ;nkq ,efí' th u; froaola t<d fldry jid ^iqÿ ly j¾K iys; fldgq f,akaiqjla u; ly ly ;=jdh
t,k ,È'& ^tlla m%udKj;a& ^.kakd froafoa mdg m%Yakhla kE&
lmqjd ueiai u;ska wdhqoh → B;,h ← f.k .=rejrhdg § je`o wdYs¾jdo ,nd.kS'
→ f,dl=nxvdg ←
Èjia jkaksh nxvdr wkqyia nxvdr f;aoia nxvdr .,afldgqfõ lS¾;s
nxvdr ;uqkakdkafia. wK n,kak f;o n,kak ydialï n,kak fkfõ oEia fondf.a fj,djg w`v .y
u;la lrkafk ;uqkakdkafi wmg msg wf;x odkak neß yskao ;uqkakdkafi fï ishfmd,g
ishuKaähg wms f.kak.k ;uqkakdkafi wjqreoaolg ierhla ;uqkakdkafig fï yqka lsß fldyla
yodk ;uqkakdkafig wms fïl fu;k n,d.k bkafk' Èjia jkaksh nxvdr fldÉpr jrola Wk;a
ika;l ;d;a; jdf. fï foúhkafk foaj i;a;dkqndjhs'
oE;a tlalrf.ku ke.S isà' whqoh ,nd.kS'
l¨nxvd
±x l=l=<dfmd, lsßwïu. y`vg ±x fï neye, ;sfhkafk W!j fodf,dia m;a;=jlg .nvd .x
úis y;r lÜgqjlg fy< Wv .ug '''' jkaks ishm;a;=jlg foaj Èjia foaj lreKd lr.;a f,da W;=ï
jkaksh nxvdr fohs' yduqÿrejka jykafia,d wK f;o n, WUg wo j,x.=hs' wkqjia nxvdr
f;aoia nxvdr lS¾;s nxvdr msßjrd.;a f,da W;=ï jkaksh nxvdr foysf.d,af,a u, Wmx
foaj;djd ta Wkakdkafi,d kg, tlaflfkla weúÈx lsß o¨j n,df.k hk fj,djg Wkdmdfka
lsßwïud Wkdmdfka lsß wïud weúÈx lsß o¨j n,d.k rx mkx rx o¨uqr n,d.k hk fõ,djg
tkafk l=l=<dfmd, lsß wïud lsß wïu, fokak;a jkaksh nxvdr fohs yduqÿrjka jykafia;a
yßhg .y., jdf. WU kgjkak ´k ''''' l¨ wïnr jiai .sfhd;a l¨ wïnr jiai l¨ wïnr jeiais .sfhd;a l¨
wïnr jeiais ta úÈyg WUg iqÿ ksú;s iqN fmak lshfjkj ñila lsisu ojil WUg fndrefjx fndre
ksñ;a;la lshfjkafk kE' iqn ksñ;a;gu ;uhs WUf. lg wefrkafk' ta wfma lfgx tk i;a;la lshkak
foúhka jykafiaf. foaj i;a;dkqndjhs foaj i;a;dkqndjhs'
wdhqohg" jxf.ähg ÿïu, w,a,hs' lmqjd k¾;k wrUhs' fnr jdokh yd lú .dhkh werfò'
weuekaÿu
lmqjd wdhqo ñg oE;ska w,a,df.k wdhqoh my<g lrf.k isá' th oE;skau by<g Tijd
k<,g lr" bkamiq tho iu`. Wvq lh" ysi wxYl 90 g muK my;a lr j`Èhs' h<s th;a iu.u l`o
fl<ska lrhs' h<s wdhqOh my<g ouhs' tfia f;jrla kuialdr lr wdhqofha ñg ol=Kq
Wrysfia ;ndf.k thska bÈßmig fhduq jQ wdhqofha ;,h yd ñg iújk fldgi ol=K;ska
w,a,df.k" Wvq lh bfkka uola bÈßhg kjd ^kuq;a Wvq lh Rcqj ;ndf.k" jfrl jï mho" B<`.
jr ol=Kq mho ìu ;nñka fnr y`vg wkqj tl ;ek weúÈk ,S,dfjka k¾;kfha fhfoa' ju; ksoyfia
my<g t,a,d jefÜ' k¾;kh iu. th o bÈßhg miqmig ksoyfia p,kh fjhs'

lú
1' ;ïfok wk ;f`ok ;f`o kdkd
;dk ;kï ok ;ïfokdkd

Th È. jeähu Th È. nxvr
.`. jeähu .. È. nxvr
jej jeähu jej È. nxvr
hikg jeähu jkaksh nxvr
2' ;ïfok wk ;f`ok ;f`o kdkd
;dk ;kï ok kd ;f`okdkd

Th È. jeähu Th È. nxvr
.`. jeähu .. È. nxvr
jej jeähu jej È. nxvr
hikg jeähu jkaksh nxvr

u,a t<sfhys wdhqoh ;nd th w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd → ;;amr lSmhla h<s kghs'
;ïfok wk ;f`ok ;f`o kdkd
;dk ;kï ok kd ;f`okdkd

Th È. jeähu Th È. nxvr
.`. jeähu .. È. nxvr
jej jeähu jej È. nxvr
hikg jeähu jkaksh nxvr

u,a t<sh w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd h<s kghs'

;dk ;kï ok kd ;f`o kdkd

;ïok wk ;f`o kd ;f`okdkd

uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' wk;=rej uvqj w;yer wdhqoh lfrys ;ndf.ku flá
Wvmekqï wdldr fjõ¨ï p,k olajkakg mgka .kS' wfhla Tyqf.a nf`oka w; oud w,a,d isà' fnr
ßoauh fjkia fõ'

fojk weuekaÿu werfò'

tf.dv lk;af;a lk w,s jiaid

fu.=v lk;a;g neyems¨ jiaid
''''''''''
jkaksh nxvf. w,s jdiaid
uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd h<s kghs'
h<s thu

uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd h<s kghs'

tla jru .eiaula iys;j msgqmig we,ù uQ¾cd jQ wdldrh fmfka' msgqmi
isák ;eke;a;d Tyqj w,a,d isà' whl= mryo bis' fnr y`v jefha' lúh.efha'

tf.dv lk;a;g
ta w;g h<s isys ,nd uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' f;jrla yQ y`v k`.hs' ßoauh fjkia lr
keàu wrUhs' → kegqï fnrh werfò ←
wdhqoh ol=Kq lf¾ ;ndf.k Wvq lh my<g kjdf.k ;d,hg md ;nñka kghs' lúfha
o ;d,h fjkia fõ'
tf.dv lk;af;a

h<s uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs" h<s kghs' fuúg wdhqoh w;g f.k ju;ska
wdhqofha ñg o" ol=K;ska ;,ho w,a,df.k th lrlñka jxf.äh jgd jdudj¾;j jghla hhs'
^yßkï biairy jghla folla kgd jxf.äh jgd 3 jrla keáh hq;=h&
wk;=rej jxf.äh w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd tla jrla yQ y`v k.d h<s wdhqoh lf¾ ;nd.k
kghs' uvqj fj; f.dia wdhqoh ueiai u; ;nhs' fyKavqj lmqjdf.a w;g ,nd fohs' fuh ta
jk;=re ;snqfKa t,a t<shg hd lr" ol=Kq miska ;kd ;sfnk ueiai u;h' ,S fldagqjlg hlv
fyKavq fldgi iúlr we;'
lmqjd fyKavqfõ f,day fldgi ol=K;ska w,a,df.k ,S ñg ìu ;ndf.k ys`§' fyKavqfõ
Wi lmqjdf.a bK uÜgug muKh' isrerg wähla folla muK wE;ska th ;ndf.k" Wvqlh uola
bÈßhg kjdf.k ysi my;a lrf.k fjõ¨ï p,k olajd wk;=rej udrefjka udrejg md ;nñka ol=Kf;a
fyKavqj o ta wkqj ;ekska ;ek ;nñka ju; my<g lr ksoyfia p,kh lrñka kghs' fuu lmqjd
fldKavh jjd we;s whl= neúka" kjd isák Tyqf.a uqyqfKA bÈßmiska jefgk mßÈ fldKavh
lvd oudf.k isáhs' fnr jdokh yd lú .dhkh fõ.j;a ßoauhlska isÿ fõ' jxf.äh jgd jghla f.dia
fyKavqj f.k fn,a, msgqmiska lru; ;ndf.k fomi oE;ska w,a,df.k o uola kgd fmakh wrUhs
→ yßkx biairy kg,d jxf.äh jgd jg 3 la hd hq;=h' ← fyKavqj ìu ;nd Wrfia ;nd lrljk .uka
W!j fodf<dia ks,hla" .nvd .ï mkaishla ^tfyuhs& jkaks ishm;a;=j;a w,a,d j,x.=
lr.;a f,da W;=ï jkaksfha nxvdr uy rcd lshkj ^hym;s lsßwïu& kslx wehs yÈiaishla jdf.
rkacka → ;uqkakdkafig fuod hf,a yqxlsß .dkjla Tmamq ÿkakd wïnr jiafid wïnr
jeiaisfhd ál;a ku kshu lr.;a;d weia f,v nv f,v rgflda,h rg noaord ueoyia fjkj tajd m,jd
yßkak
lmqjd → nhfjkafkmd yelfjkafkmd ufh we;a jiafida fï .xfldgqfj j,a ;s;a; lrjd §,d
^tfyuhs& Èh ;s;a; lrjd §,d fj,a yf;x l`ÿ yf;x ;,d yf;x hkak lshkj ^hym;s& ufh
yqkalsß .dkdj n,kak ´k'
fyKavqj rkacka w;g ,nd fohs' lmqjd Wvq lh uola kjd ysi my;a lrf.k" oE;a my<g
lrf.k je,ñfgka uola kjdf.k kghs' rkacka fldry jid ;snQ frÈ bj;a lrhs' lmqjd oE;ska nq,;a
fld< folla fldrfyka f.k tys kgqj me;af;ka w,a,df.k" wfkla fl<jr lsfrys Tnñka h<s tljr
Tijñka h<s lsfrys Tnñka jxf.äh jgd jdudj¾;j hñka kghs' wk;=rej fld< 2u ju;g f.k ol=K;
w;a, fldrfya Tnd lsß /f.k wk;=rej tu lsß w; Èf.a rErd hk mßÈ w; by<g lrhs'
wk;=rej fldryg w; oud th tfyfufy f.k th we`.s,sj,ska t,a,d fmkajñka y;a /jgqï
rjgd,d
rkacka → ;j ;sfhkj ;j ;sfhkj
lmqjd → f,dl= nxvd fj; tu ldish fmakjñka" fï jdf. rxmkï ueoyia lr, wïnr jiafid b,a,kafk
rxcka → kE kE ;j ;sfhkjd
f,dl= nxvd → ;j we;s ´fl n,kak

lmqjd fldryg w; oud lsß tfy fufy lrñka m`vqre fidhk wdldrh fmfka'
f,dl= nxvd → Tfydu lrkakE fyd`og n,kak Th' we;d mka;sh nekaod jdf.a §, we;s'
lmqjd tjr j<¨ lsysmhla yd m`vqre lsß ;=<ska f.k ish ol=Kq w;af,ys ;ndf.k
bÈßhg È.= lr fmkajhs
f,dl= nKavd → ´x wms Th ;=Ügq ldisj,g fï ;uqkakdkafi f.kakkakE
´x → isky fjñka w;ska ika lrñka
^fldhs wr fl,a,& lsßfldry Ndrj lghq;= lrk ldka;djlg l;d lrñka
fufy jr f;dg fï lsß fldry kgkafk Th fmak wy.ksx
lmqjd ol=K; È.= lr wehg nq,;a fld<hla fohs' weh th oE;ska f.k" oE;a tlalr j`Èhs'
lmqjd → nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd
f,dl= nxvd → tfyuhs
lmqjd → .fya uqf,a .eyS,d ^ta& fuod hf,a yqkalsß .dkdjla ug ÿkak;a ^fï fï jdf. wïnr
jiafid ku kshu lr, fokav ´k& iqÿ wïnr jiafid l¨ wïnr jiafid
lmqjd → nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd ol=Kq w; lsßj, Tnd w; Tijd w; Èf.a iqÿ mdgg
fífrkakg yer"
fï mdfgx ;ud ux wïnr jiafila fokafk
f,dl= nxvd → hym;s hym;s fokak jdf.u fyd`og wks;a ux.,af, fokakx
rxcka → hym;s lsßwïud hym;s
lmqjd → fï i;a;jdÈh fndre Wfkd;a W!j fodf,dia ks,hla .nvd .x mkaiShla jkaks
ishm;a;=jla w,a,d j,x.= lr.;a Èjia jkaksh nxvdr fkfjhs'

f,dl= nxvd → ´'''' taj fokj'

lmqjd → nhfjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd
f,dl= → hym;s fõ,d wfõ,d fjkjd

lmqjd h<s;a oE;ska nq,;a fld< fol f.k lsß b;sfrk mßÈ tajd lsfrys tîu' tiùu lrñka fldry jgd
jghla hhs' fnr y`v lú .efha'
lmqjd h<s ol=K; È.= lr nq,;a fld<hla whl=g fohs'
W!j fodf<dia ''''' jkaksh nxvdr uy rcd
rkacka → hym;s lsß wïu
h<s fmr mßÈ kgd nq,;a fohs'
isud,fha wïnr jiafid ke;s Wk;a ux ;uhs Wx lsß ál ueoy;a lr, fokafk' nh fjkafkmd
yel fjkafkmd' WU;a fïlg tk hf,a ux.,af, yqx lsß .dkdjla lef,ag hjmq yrla ke;s Wk;a .fï
bkak jiaxf.x Wk;a lsß fokak uu lshk tl ueoy;a lrkak ´k ^hym;s& ysf;x yudÈfhx ux
wïnr jiafid .õ .dkla ke;=j ku kshu fjkak Èjia fokjd w; fmak wikakdf.a ysig lrñka Tyq
j`Èhs'

lmqjd → mÜá wj,x .id ÿrejx lr,d §,d ndx wj,x .id ÿrejx lr,d §,d l=r f,v .id ÿrejx lr,d §,d
jix.;s .id ÿrejx lr,d fokjd → ol=K; fmak wikakdf.a ysfia ;nhs ←
Tyq → hym;s → j`Èhs
lmqjd h<s lsß biñka kghs' m`vqre §ug iQodkñka isák wh fj; hhs' Tjqka lmqjd ÿka
lsß ;ejreKq nq,;a fld< u; iqÿ meye mn¨ ud," m`vqre ldis" uqo,a fkdaÜgq ^re' 100& ;nd
oE;ska w,a,df.k isà' ^f,akaiqjla u; ta ish,a, ;nd.k&
lmqjd → ufh ÿla.;a rejx lmqjd → iqÿ mn¨ ud,hla ol=K;ska f.k th by<g Tijñka ← fï
mdg we;s wïnr jiafila ku kshu lr, fokj'
wfhla → tfyuhs
lmqjd → nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd wïnr jiaixf.x miafi hdf,x hd, nÿ jeä lr,d fokjd' Th
i;a;jdÈh fndre Wfkd;a W!j ''''''''' f,da W;=ï jkaksh nxvdr uy rdcd fkdfjhs'
lmqjd ud," m`vqre fjk whl=g § jxf.äh u; oE; ;nd keù yQ y`v fojrla k.d" fjõ¨ï p,k olajd"
h<s lsß bisrjñka kghs'
nq,;a fld<hla f.k ol=K;a ;nd tfy fufy yefrñka th ,nd §ug whl= fidhk nj fmkajhs'
mvqre §ug isák ldka;djla th ,nd .kS'
lmqjd → W!j ''''' Èjia jkaksh nxvdr lshkjd ^tfyuhs& nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd Th
WU,g wïnr jiaisfhd wïnr jiafid fj,a n,d .sysx ysáh;a" Èh n,d .sysx ysáh;a" fj,a yf;x l`ÿ
yf;x l,d yf;x tkav Èjia §,d j,a lmqre .ï n,a,f. bj yer u.yrj, §,d Wx ysá mÜáhg Wx ysá
nQñhg tkak Èjia fokak neß Wfkd;a f,da W;=ï jkaksh nxvdr uy rcd fkfjhs'
f,dl= nxvd → Tlafldu fï fï tjqx fydre weú;a Wxj lmd.k fldgd.k lkj¨
lmqjd → nhfjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd" ufh wïnr jiaikag
f,dl= nxvd → ysudf,g .sfhd;a .shdu¨
lmqjd → ufh wïnr jiaikag ux .sks ierhla w,a,kak foka kE' nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd
^tfyuhs&
m`vqre ,nd.kS
lmqjd fldry w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' f;jrla yQ lshhs' h<s lsß bisñka kghs' ldka;djla fj;
f.dia
fmakh → W!j ''''' f,da W;=ï jkaksh nxvdr uy rcdg" kslx flda,a l+rdjg jf.a rx mkula
Tmamq fokj'
rxcka → kE kE kE wïnr jeiaisfhla ku kshu lr, fokak ´k' Tn ;uqkakdkafi
lmqjd → nhfjkafkmd yelfjkafkmd fuod hf,a ysf;a yudÈfhx yqx lsß .dkdj mdjd ÿkakg
ux wïnr jeiaisfhla ku kshu lr,d fokjd'
f,dl= nxvd → Th wïnr jeiaisfhla ku kshu lr, fokafkdafk ^jiafila jeiaisfhla yïfnkav Èjia
fokak ´k&
lmqjd → wïnr jeiaisf.ka miafi .õ .dkla ke;=j hdf,x hd, nÿ jeä fjkav Èjia fokj'
f,dl+ → hym;s
ldka;djla → uÿ ldrhdf.;a w;mh lvkafkdaks wfma yrla urkafk uÿ ldrfhda
f,dl= nxvd → ´x
lmqjd → nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd Wxf. ux bj yer u.yrj, fokjd'
fldry w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' fojrla yQ lshhs' lsß bishs'
úu,d fj; f.dia → W!j ''''' Èjia jkaksh nxvdr lshkjd
rxcka → hym;s lsß wïud
lmqjd → ysf;a yudÈfhx ug rx mkula ueoy;a lr, ;sfhkjd'
rxcka → wïnr jiafid bkakjd wïnr jeiaisfhd bkakjd Wx rdc mfriaix lr fokak ´k'
lmqjd → nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd ysudf,a ke;s Wk;a ta .x .x fldgqjg ux ueoyia fj,d
^tfyuhs& Wxf. weia f,v .id ÿrejx lr, §,d ^tfyuhs& nv f,v .id ÿrejx lr, §,d l=r f,v .id
ÿrejx lr, §,d mÜá wj,x .id ÿrejx lr, §,d ndx wj,x .id ÿrejx lr, §, hdf,x hd, nÿ jeä lrkjd
^hym;s lsß wïud& ta jf.au fï §mq rx mkug ux l¨ wïnr jeiaishla ku kshu lr, fokj
^hym;s& ^fndfydu lÈuhs&
wef.ka m`vqre ,nd.kS' lmqjd th rxcka w;g fohs'
fldry w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd fojrla yQ y`v kd.d h<s lsß bishs' whl=g nq,;a §
fmakh wrUhs'
W!j '''' Èjia jkaksh nxvdr lshkjd' kslx ug ysf;a yudÈfhx rx mkula §, ;sfhkjd'
Tyq → fï lsßwïug §mq taj fï ;shx bkafk ;uqkakdkafig §mq taj fï ;shx bkafk
lmqjd → nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd WU ysudf,a .; fjk fõ,djg" ufh f.daur Wj,a,kaf.ka
wfka lshk ÿlla" wfka lshk uxuq,djla fjkak foka kE'

fldry w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd fojrla yQ lshd" f,dl=nxvdg nq,;a fohs'

wkqyia nxvdr lshkjd ^hym;s& W!j '''' jkaks ishm;a;=jla w,a,d j,x.= lr.;a Èjia jkaksh
nxvdr hk fõ,djg ^tfyuhs& wkqyia nxvdr lshkjd ^tfyuhs& ishfmd< ish uKaäh
foajdrlaId lr,d ^hym;s& .x fldgqj ySud lr,d ^tfyuhs& ufh we;a jiaixf. fï .xfldgqfj
j,a ;s;a; lrjd §,d'
f,dl= nxvd → wr wfma l=Uqre bjrhs
lmqjd → nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd Th f.dje;eklg ufh we;a jiafid ueoy;a Wfkd;a
f,dl= nxvd ol=K; úysÿjñka → y;r Èidjg y;r Èidjg
lmqjd → y;r Èidjg t,jkjd ^hym;s iajdóks&
fõjq,au p,k olajd yQ lshd" lsß bishs wk;=rej nq,;a fld<h f.k hul=j fidhk nj fmkajhs'
rejx f.da,h kx msgia;dre Wkd
f;acia nxvdr lshkjd ^hym;s lsßwïud&
ishfmd, ishuKaäh foajdriaid flrejd ^hym;s& .xfldgqj ySud flrejd ^hym;s& .xfldgqfj
okakd Wka fkdokakd Wka ufh we;a jiaikafkka .,j, Èkj, .kakj ^hym;s&
fldry w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd yQ lshd lsß úiqrejñka kgd nq,;a fmakh wrUhs' A
lS¾;s nxvdr lshkjd ^tfyuhs& ishfmd, ishuKaäh foajdrlaid lr,d ^tfyuhs& WU,f.
f.dv f.dú;ex uv f.dú;ex ufh we;a jiaixf.x rdc mrfjiaix lr, fokj ^hym;s&
A
↓
.,afldgqfõ lS¾;s nxvdr lshkjd ^hym;s& wdj;a yß lSj;a yß lshkav ^hym;s& .x fldgqj
ySud lr,d ^tfyuhs& .x fldgqfj okakd Wka fkdokakd Wka rdc mrfjiaix lrkj ^hym;s&
A
↓
foysf.d,af,a u< Wmx foaj;djd lshkjd ^hym;s& Th foysf.d,af,a u< Wmx foaj;dj
ishfmd<g ueoy;a Wk;a yß fyd`ohs lshkak ^tfyuhs& yqxlsß .dk n,jõjd wïnr jiafid wïnr
jeiaisfhda rdc mrfjiaix lrf.k ^hym;s& ufh we;a jiafid fj,a yf;x l`ÿ yf;x ;,d yf;x hkav
Èjia fokjd
f,dl= → bj;a lr, odkak ´k' fï ysudfjka hkak kE l=Uqre bjrhs'
lmqjd → ishfmd, ishuKaäh foajdriaid flrejd ^hym;s&
lmqjd u,a t,sh fj; f.dia fodrgq 20 w; ;ndf.k fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' h<s ú;a fldry w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k
olajd" fojrla yQ lshd lsß bishs' nq,;a § fmakh wrUhs'
foysf.d,af,a u, Wmka foaj;djd lshkjd ^hym;s&
f,dl= nxvd → Th rxmkx ueoy;a lr, ;sfhkjd'
lmqjd → nhfjkafkmd yelfjkafkmd ^tfyuhs& ysudf,a .;fjk fõ,djg ^tfyuhs& ufh f.dur
Wj,af,laf.ka wfka lshk uxuq,djla fjkak fokakE ^hym;s& nhfjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd
^hym;s&
u,a t,sh w,a,d fnr y`v wkqj tl ;ek l`o by< my< lsÍï wdldr p,k olajd" tljr yQ y`vla
k.d uola Wv mek" fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' yQ lshhs'
lmqjdf.a ysig r;= froaola ouhs' lmqjd th f.k oE;ska w,a,d fomig lrñka kghs'
jxf.äj jgd jdudj¾;j jghla f.dia h<s u,at<sh fj; meñK tys oE; ;nd uola fjõ¨ï p,k olajd h<s
r;= froao ysfia oudf.k" Wvq lh bÈßhg kjd ysi my;a lrf.k" froafoa fofl<jßka w,a,df.k
miafika miaig jxf.äh jgd ú;a fmakh wrUhs' fuúg lshk lú
;,a wdrka l=udß
fmd,a wdrka l=udß
jdf¾ka nx
;,a wdrka l=udß
fmd,a wdrka l=udß
rka mduq, l=udß
jf¾x nx

fmakh → wrx.,g ^tfyuhs& urx.,g f.ä f.g [kug mÜá ;=x ndf.g foaj Èjia foaj lreKd lr.;a
Èjia l=l=<dfmd< w¨;a u< Wmka foaj;dú ^hym;s lsßwïud& ^hym;s& ufh
yqkalsß .dkdj n,jkak ug ld,mkaou ´k ^hym;s&
lmqjd ysfia r;= froao oudf.k" ^uqyqKg oudf.k ke;& uola /§ isáhs' foda,k p,k
olajñka
wk;=rej u,a t,sh w,a,d kjdf.k fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' yQ y`v k.hs'
myka ;sr lSmhla nq,;a fld<hl T;d" th o,ajd lmqjd wi<g f.k ths'
.=rejrhd ^tfyuhs& fï ld, mkaou kx ux ndr.kakE
f,dl= → wE@
rxcka → ±x fï fokak ;sfhk lsßwïu msysg fjkak ´k'
lmqjd mkaou oE;ska f.k th by< my< lrñka jxf.äh jgd jdudj¾;j jghla hhs' fï jk
úg fldry h<s;a frÈ lv fhdod jid we;' lmqjd jghla f.dia kej;S isáhs' whl= frÈ bj;a lr fldry
újD; lrhs'
;j;a lSmhla nq,;a fld<hl ojgd ilid tu folu lmqjd w;g ÿka miq lmqjd th i<ñka
kgñka fldry jgd jghla hhs' kej;=Kq miq tu ;sr kej; ,nd.kak wfkla lmqjka ;sr fjka lr" tajd
fldrfya .eÜg jgd ;nhs' wk;=rej lmqjd fmr mßÈ nq,;a j,ska lsß bi" nq,;a § fmakh wrUhs'
wrx.,g ^tfyuhs& urx.,g mÜá ;=x ndf.g foaj Èjia foaj lreKd lr.;a Èjia l=l=<dfmd, w¨;a
u, Wmka foaj;dù lshkjd ^hym;s lsßwïud& ysf;a yudÈfhx yqxlsß .dkdj n,jõjd ^hym;s&
Th jdf.u tk hf,a ux.,af, fï jdf.u iqÿ wïnr jiafid
;rulg woyisx bkafk Th Wkdmdfk u, Wmx foaj;dú kx
lmqjd nq,;a fohs'
kslx Th wrx.,g urx.,g f.äf.g [kug mÜá ;=x ndf.g ^tfyuhs& foaj Èjia foaj lreKd
lr.;a Èjia l=l=<dfmd, w¨; u< Wmka foaj;dú ^hym;s& kslx ysudf,g .; lr.kakj ux wïnr
jiaikaj
f,dl= nxvd → y;a wkakhs tfyu lrkav tmd
ldka;dj → tfyu lrkav tmd ux fï '''' ^nq,;a fld<h ueÈ lr oE;a tlalr j`Èñka&
lmqjd ol=K;ska lsß fldrfya Tnd je,ñfgka kjd" w;a, Tijñka lsß '''''' Èf.a jelaflrk
mßÈ isÿ lrñka jxf.äh jgd uola hhs'
lmqjd → y;a wdkakhs ;=ka wdkakhs ^tahs& wdrka ^tahs& ;,a wdrka ^ta& kqjrg ^ta&
jev, ^ta& ;,a wdrU ^ta& fldgd.k jeäh ;,a wdrka l=udß ^hym;s& ÿjf.k → lsß biSug
mgka .kS ← ux wdjd mek.k ux wdjd y;a wdkakhs ^ta& ;=ka wdkakhs ^tfyuhs&
fmd,a wdrka ^hym;s& kqjrg ^ta& jev, ^ta& fmd,a wdrU ^hym;s& ldgd.k ^ta& jeäh
^hym;s& fmd,a wdrka ^ta& l=udß ^tfyuhs& ÿjf.k ^hym;s& ux wdjd yqkalSß .dkdj
ne¨j ^ta& fuod hf,a ^tfyuhs& ux.d,af,a ^tfyuhs& wïnr ^tfyuhs& jeiaisfhd ^hym;s" tfyu
;uhs bkak ´k fï fï jdf. fï mdgg fokak ´k ±k.kak wmg iqÿ mdgg&
.õ .dkla ke;=j ux fokakdx ±k.dksx ^hym;s&
;;amr lsysmhla lsß úiqrejd h<s fmakh wrUhs' → nq,;a fokafka kE ←

Wvqùhx ^fyahs& l=udß;a ^hym;s& ÿjf.k ^fyax& ux wdjd ^tfyuhs&

lsß bishs nq,;a § fmakh wrUhs'
Wvqúhx l=udß hkfldg jgúhx ^fyahs& l=udß ÿjf.k ux wdjd
lsß bishs' h<s nq,;a § fmakh wrUhs
jg ùhx" l=udß ^fyahs& hkl=g ue`og" rx mshú,s" t,dmq ^hym;s& rx mshú,s l=udß '''''
→ lsß biSug mgka .kS ←
ÿj.k ux wdjd → lsß biSu kj;hs ←
lvyd`.,a l=udß;a ux wdjd
lsß bishs nq,;a fohs'

lruq;= je,a l=udß;a" ÿjf.k ^tfyuhs& ux wdjd ^tfyuhs& uq,djla ^tfyuhs& kE fjo
^tfyuhs& ux hkav ^tfyuhs& hkj ^hym;s&
fmak lshk úg lfrys oudf.k isá mÉp jvu ysfiys h<s oud.kS' uvqj w,a,d kghs'
fomd j,ska tifjñka my;a fjñka oE;a ia:djrj ;ndf.k isrer Wv my< .eiaiqï wdldr p,k
olajñka yQ y`v k.d uola bÈßhg mek p,k nd, lrhs'
ta iu.u fjõ¨ï p,k wrUhs' yQ y`v fojrla k.d" ysfia mÉpjvu oE;ska w,a,df.k" fomig
lrñka u,a t<sh w;yer kghs' miafika miaig" lsß fldry jgd jdudj¾;j jg ;=kla f.dia h<s u,a
t,sh w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd tlajrla yQ y`v k.d" ysfia ;snQ mÉpjvu oE;g f.k fofl<jßka
w,a,d i,ñka kghs' lsßfldry jgd miafika miaig jghla jdudj¾;j f.dia mÉpjvu msg Èf.a
my<g jefgk fia fn,a, msgqmiska oud" oE;ska w,a,df.k fmakh wrUhs' fuh wdrïNfha isg
lú .efha'

wïudkx kqjrg jev,

wïudÉÑ;a urd.k
wmamdÉÑ;a urd.k
whshdKaä;a urd.k
u,hdKaä;a urd.k
wlaldKaä;a urd.k
k.dKaä;a urd.k
rE óu;a urd.k
lsß fldafr;a ì`of.k
jeãh
l=l=<dfmd, u,W!mx foaj;dù
fkafõhs nx jf¾x nx

fmakh
wïudkx ^fya& kqjrg ^fya& jev, ^fya& wïudÉÑ;a" urd.k ^fya& wmamÉÑ;a"
urd.k ^fya& whshdKaä;a urd.k k.dkaä;a urd.k ^fya& u,hdKaä;a urd.k l+ój;a urd.k
lsßfldafr;a ì`of.k jeãh Wkdmdfka u, W!mdx kE jEkaksg l=l=<dfmd< u, W!mka ^fya&
kEjEkakS wkd; úkd; lr, .sys,a, lsh;

f,dl= nxvd → kE kE kE wd;d mka;sh nekaod jdf.a fï uvq tkjd

rkacka ;j;a t<lsß fnda;,hla fldryg j;a lrhs'

rkacka → fïx nvq

f,dl= nxvd → wkak nvq' fï jdf.au fï iqÿ wïnr jiafid l¨ wïnr jiafid fï mÜá hd,a fnda lr
fokak ´k' fuod hf,a ux.,af, ysf;a ixf;dafix n,jkak ´k'
lmqjd nq,;a fld<fhka lsß bisñka fldry jgd hhs' lsß w;g f.k w; Èf.a rErd hjhs'
lú → nh fkdajka iel fkdajka ÿjf.k
jf¾,a,d mek.k jf¾,a,d
yqkalsß .dkdj n,dkak jf¾,a,d

lmqjd → l=l=<dfmd, u, W!mx kEjekaksg ux ldßh → nq,;a fohs ← lshdkakx ux kdvqj

lshdkakx ux jdro wÍkakx uq,djla kE fjo
y;a wdkakhs" ;=ka wdkakdhs l=l=,dfmd, u, W!mka kE jEkaksg ux ldßh lshdkakx →
nq,;a fohs ← ux kdvqj lshkakhs'

f,dl= nxvd → Th mdg jdf. Thmdfgx fokak ´k' ke;a;x wmg ±k.kak nE'

lmqjd ol=K; lsß fldrfya Tnd w; Tijd w; Èf.a lsß .,d hdug i,iajhs'

lmqjd → fï jdf. yqxlsß w,a,dkak uu §jia fokafkuq uq,djla kE fjo

ldka;djla → wfma yrla kx mfriaix lrkafkdaks' uÿ ldrhkaf. w; mh lvkafkdaks'

lmqjd h<s lsß bishs' h<s fmakh wrUhs'
nh fkdajka yel fkdajka Wkmdfka u, W!mx kE jEkaksg ux fõo uq,djla kE fõo
±k.dksx u, W!mx kE jEkaksg ux ldßh lshd,d ux kvqj lshd,d → nq,;a fohs ← fï ÿkakq
rx mdkx j,g wïnr jeiaiSfhla ux foakakx nh fkdajx yel fkdajka hdf,afud h,u nÿfud wh lr,
fokakï nx j,a nd,d .shd;a nx Èh nd,d .shd;a nx fj,a ydf;x l`ÿ ydf;x tkak nx uu §jeia
fokafkafud
jxf.äh u; we;s lsß fldry oE;g .kS'
y;rndf. iqklfhd wdydr .kS nx → lsß fldry" th lrjk ldka;djla w;g fohs' weh th oE;ska ndr
.kS ←

±ka.dksx y;a wdkakx ;=ka wdkakhs

lsß fldry .;a úg" jxf.äh ;=<e;s fmd,a nE folla fjhs' lmqjd th tla w;lg tl ne.ska .kS' y;a
wdkakhs ;=ka wdkakhs' fydr fndkaãf. mqf;ala nx fmd,a nE jfÜ whg fmkajñka
ufhfu fmd,a lE,a,la ld,d nx ;sfhafkakd
rxcka → fydr w,a,kak ´k

fydrdj w,a,,d n,dkak ux tkakd

fmd,a nEj ne.ska oE;g f.k w;a fol w;smsysk jk mßÈ <x lsÍu" wE;a lsÍu hk p,k lrhs'
wfhla w; È.= lr fmd,a nEh w,a,hs' ^.=rekakdkafia flfkalag&
lmqjd tljrn úi{ fjhs' Tyqj jefgkakg fkd§ wfkla wh w,a,d .ks' fmd,a nEh ne.ska
oE;a ord" Rcq lf`oka hq;=j" miqmig nr ù Tyq ys`§ wfhla Tyqj Tijdf.k f.dia u,a t<sh
bÈßmiska isgqjhs' túg lúh h<s werfò'

wïudkx kqjrg jev,d

wïudÉÑ;a urd.k
wmamdÉÑ;a urd.k
wlaldKaä;a urd.k
whshdKaä;a urd.k
u,hdKaä;a urd.k
k.dkaä;a urd.k

lúh wdrïNh;a iu.u lmqjdf.a isreßka fjõ¨ï p,k werö flfuka fõ.j;a fõ' lmqjd u,a t,sh w,a,d
yQ lshd" ^fmd,a nE folo oEf;a ord& u,a t<sh w;yer fmakh wrUhs'
y;a wdkakhs ;=ka wdkakhs' fydr fndakaä. mq;d. nvg n, .efÜ ;shd,d ux hdkafka
±k.dksx

rkacka → tfyu lrkafkmd msysg fjkak ´k

lmqjd → WU,dfud uhu wf;afud mhfud jegk yskaod nx ux ldßh lshdkakx
→ fmd,a nE fol wi, isák ldka;djla w;g fohs ←
ux kdvqj lshdkakx ux jdro wÍkakx

rxcka → rejx f.da,h. wïnr mÜáh rdc mfriaix lrkafkdak tk ;eksx hk ;eksx f,v frda. j,sx
rdc mfriaix lrkafkdak

lmqjd → nh fkdajka yel fkdajka wïnr jeiaisfhd

rkacka → tk hf,a ux.,af, fuhsg jeäh yqx lsß .dkdjla fokjd
lmqjd → wïnr jiafidafud ux foakakx ±k.dkSx uq,djla kE fjo

ysig mÉpjvu od.ksñka

ux hkav hk
uvqj w,a,d my fjhs' ^fmr mßÈu&
→ jxf.ähg lsß ±ófï isg wjidkh f;la úkdä 38 muK ←

u,a oï my hld
nq,;a hyk u; ;nd .eg .id ;snQ fmÜáh fuh wdrïN ùug fmr ,syd Bg ol=Kq miska
we;s" wdjqo ;nk ueiai u; ;nkq ,efí'
iyNd.s jk lmqjd wdhqo fol .=rejrhskag § je`o wdYs¾jdo ,nd.kS'
l¨nxvd chisxyg - fïjd wms wy b`o, fkfõ" wms n,d b`o, fkfõ' wms rfÜ f,dafl lrk
weínEishg fïj lrkj fkfõ' wo fï f.da, orefjd wr kd.yla ke;s fjkk fldg kd.yla we;s fjkj
fnda .yla ke;s fjkfldg fnda.yla we;s fjkj ta jdf.a" fï u,a oïmy weue;a;h lshkafka ufh
ika;lh jdf.a fï ufh f.da, orejd ±ka Tn jykafiag bi lr kukjd" tl ;ek f.kakkj wo ufh .=re
mrïmrdj foú mrïmrdj ;sfhkj i;Hhs' weuekaÿï kg, ta lr, f,dl= ld¾hhlg uQK fokak fjkj fï
fõ,d wfõ,d jk ksid kd.fya fnda .fya yq<x neÿj jf.a ufh fï f.da, orej ±x isg Tn jykafiag
Èiaá t<, ±x mehg .sysx mehla hk fï kd úhx fnda úhx lvq my bysá my ne¨j jdf.u fï
ishfmdf,a ish uKaäfha meñKs Wmøj .id ÿrejx lr, fokak ÿre lr, fokak Èjia u,a oï my
weue;a;h B ifrx jäkak ´k fjä ifrx jäkak ´k iQßh wdf,dalh jdf. pkaø wdf,dalh jdf. wjÆ
mdfk t<sh hkakd jdf. t<sh hkj ñila ljodj;a mrdohla fjkak tmd i;a;hs i;a;hs i;a;hs i;a;hs'
ke.S isg wdhqo ,nd.kS'
fykdks kdhl;=udg o tfia § wdYs¾jdoh ,nd .kS' ;j;a isák whg oE;a tlalr je`o wjir .kS'
wdhqohg ÿïu, w,a,kq ,efí' wk;=rej kuialdrh .dhkh werfò' fnrho jdokh fõ'
lmqjd wdhqo 2 tlg ;nd" ñg ueÈka w,a,df.k wdhqoh my; isg by<g Tijd → f,day
fl<jr by<g fhduqjk mrÈ ← oE; k<f,a ;ndf.k j`Èk w;ru Wvqlh yd ysi my;a lrhs' u,a t<sh
fj; yeÍ ys`Èñka f;jrla tfia kuialdr lr" Bg m%;súreoaO ÈYdjg ^180 0& la jdudj¾;j p,kh
ù" thska 1800 la jdudj¾;j p,kh ù" f;jr ne.ska kuialdr lrhs' wk;=rej h<s olaIsKdj¾;j 90 0
la lerlS tkï u,a t<sh fj; yeÍ tla jrla kuialdr lrhs' wk;=rej w;lg wdhqoh ne.ska f.k" f,day
fldgi by<g fhduqjk mßÈ ;ndf.k ñfÜ ueo fldgiska ñg fud,jd w,a,df.k jï mh Tijd fojrla
ìu .eiSu' wk;=rej ol=Kq mh Tijd fojrla ìu .eiSu udrefjka udrejg isÿ lrhs'
21 j;djla tfia lr uvqj w,a,d keù fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' wk;=rej h<s fmr mßÈ kghs' uo
fõ,djla tfia kgd h<s uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs'
↓
h<s kghs' lmqjd uQ¾cd fõ' miqmig nr ù isák Tyqj wka wh msgqmiska w,a,d
f.k isà" fõ.j;a ù" h<s uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs y# y`v f;jrla k.hs'

kegqï fnrh
wk;=rej wdhqofha ;=v l;sr yevhg ;ndf.k" ñg fldgia wE;a lrf.k w; w,a,d fõ.fhka tu fol
tljr by< my< lrñka fomd o ta wkqj p,kh lrñka kgd" tlajru yya y`v k.d wdhqo 2 wi<
isák uo fjõ¨ï p,k olajñka isá wfkla lmqjl=f.a fojqr ysig ;nd ta iekska wdmiq f.k h<s
uQ¾cd fjhs' tlS wfkla lmqjdo uQ¾cd fjhs' Tjqka fofokdu Tijd u,a t<sh bÈßfha
isgjkq ,efí' mryo biSu iu. flfuka fjõ¨ï p,k werö" fofokdu uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajñka
yya y`v k.d wdhqo 2 ne.ska f.k keàu mgka .kS' fofokd fmr mßÈ wdhqo l;sr
yevhg ;ndf.k tlsfkld uqyqKg uqyqK ,d isg wdhqo 2 tljr by< my< lrñka" fofokd m
%;súreoaO ÈYdk;sju ys`Èñka" fomdp,k u.ska jdudj¾;j p,kh fjhs'
↓
uQ¾cd ùu" h<s uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k" yQ y`v 3 jrla
↓
h<s fmr mrÈ wfõ.YS,s kegqu
↓
uQ¾cd ùu uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k" yQ y`v
↓
h<s fmr mßÈ wfõ.YS,Sj keàu
↓
lmqjka fofokl=f.a fojqrysi u; wdjqo ;nd fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs'

fï jk ;=re .efhk lú my; mßÈ fjhs'

 tlr.,g u,a oï úoaod lshkafka ienehs o fnd, hd¨fjda lshd yßkï lshkak ´k
ta tlr.,g u,a oï úoaodo hd¨fjda
ta fulr.,g u,a oï úoaodo hd¨fjda
ta l=vd ¨Kqfla fld<uvqfmd,g u,aoï úoaodo hd¨fjda
fuu lú lúhka lSm fofkl= úúO f,i .dhkd lrhs' ;ks ;ksj fjk fjku úúO úg .h;s'

ta l=vd ¨Kqfla Wia yqUyg u,aoï úoaodo hd¨fjda

ta l=vd ¨Kqfla ñá yqUyg u,aoï úoaodo hd¨fjda
ta l=vd ¨Kqfla Wia ofòg u,aoï úoaodo hd¨fjda
ta l=vd ¨Kqfla ñá ofòg u,aoï úoaodo hd¨fjda

ta tlr.,g u,a oï úoaodo hd¨fjda

ta fulr.,g u,a oï úoaodo hd¨fjda
ta l=vd¨Kqfla Wia yqUyg u,a oï úoaodo hd¨fjda
ta l=vd¨Kqfla ñá yqUyh u,a oï úoaodo hd¨fjda

fuu lúu kej; kej; .efha'

fmakh → chisxy ←
tlr.,g u,aoï úoaod ^tfyuhs& t;k u,a oï my weue;a;h lshd kï ;enqjd ^tfyuhs&
fulr.,g u,a oï úoaod t;k u,aoï my weue;a;h lshd kï ;enqjd l=vd ¨Kqflg u,a oï úoaod t;k
u,a oï my weue;a;h lshd kï ;enqjd l=vd ¨Kqfla Wvq u,aoï úoaod t;k '''' l=vd ¨Kqfla
my< uq,a,g u,a oï úoaod t;k ''''' l=vd ¨Kqfla Wia yqUyg u,a oï úoaod t;k ''''' l=vd ¨Kqfla
ñá yqUyg u,a oï úoaod t;k '''' l=vd ¨Kqfla udb¨ma fmd,g u,a oï úoaod t;k ''''' l=vd
¨Kqfla fld< uvq fmd<g u,a oï úoaod t;k '''' l=vd ¨Kqfla ñßia fmÜáhg u,a oï úoaod t;k ''''
l=vd ¨Kqfla fldakd <s`og u,a oï úoaod t;k '''' l=vd ¨Kqfla lvq flgQ .yg u,a oï úoaod t;k
'''' l=vd ¨Kqfla u, fndv .yg u,a oï úoaod t;k ''' .,a myg fy,a myg rEiskd myg lvq myg
bysá myg f;ma myg foaj Èjia foajd lreKd lr .;a Èjia u,a oïmy weue;a;h ^tfyuhs&
yßhdldr bi lr kuõjd ^fndfydu i;=gqhs ., f.da,d ke;=j bi lr kmduq tlg& hlv fndr;,a ál
Tmamq fok ksid" bi lr kud,d n,dmqu" ish fmdf,a" u, jrd iSß fkdu, jrd" iSß"
^tajd .=rejrug& fkdlk fkdfndk u, udxi wdydrhg wrf.k yß wdldr ^;uqkakdkafi taj .=re
jrug" mrïmrd n,hg" ysñ n,hg" whs;s n,hg" bi lr kudmq ÿ.a.;a .=rejrhf. .=rejrug mrïmrd
n,hg ysñ n,hg whs;s n,hg ÿla.;a n,hg wer," wo ojfia Th hf,a ux.,af,g ueoyia Wkd jdf.u
kskao.xfldgqfj jiSre jix.;s wrf.k f,a orefjd lsß orefjd bkakjd yeu;eku
WKla ;sfhkjd ;uqkakdkafi,d Èjia fiarx uy¾;= uy weue;a;hg ldßh lshd,d Th lvq mfya
weue;a;hg ldßh kvqj lshd, Th lvq mfya weue;a;hg;a ldßh kvqj lshd,d" ;uqkakdkafi Th
Wmoaor wrf.k hkak ´k' tk hf,a ux.,af, wms w`v.y u;la lrk ;=re kskao.x fldgq rdc
mfriaix lrkak ´k
nhfjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd ^tfyuhs& yßwdldr Th oi oyil
jerÈ ;sín;a ishoyila jerÈ ;sín;a wiQ uy jerÈ ;snqK;a yß wdldr ish fmdf<ka ish
uKaäfhka u,W`M .E.=,a,dfjka ysi lr kuk rejx lmqjkafkka rejx .=rejrhskafk
jerÈ ;snqK;a tõj ufh .=rejrug weßh ufh mrïmrd n,hg weßh ufh ysñ n,hg weßh yß wdldr
ufh ÿla.;a .=rejrhf. .=rejrug wer, yßwdldr Th wkakdyqrekag;a weue;a;hskag;a ux ldßh
kvqj lshd,d yß wdldr WfU Th Èjia fiarx uy weue;a;hg;a ux wf;a mfha jeà, yß wdldr tk
hf,a ux.,af,ka WU,f. Th ysf;a ;xf;dafix Th hlv fndr;,a ál;a iqoao ñßia ál;a lvq my;a
bysá my;a mdjd fooaÈ WU,f. Th .x fldgqjg wfka lshk ÿlla wfka lshk uxuq,djla fjkak
fokakE ^hym;s iajdóks& ^hym;s iajdóks msysg fjkafkdak&
l¨nxvd → ta jdf.u Tn jykafiag fïl;a ;sfhkj" fïl .kafkdak i;=fgx ixf;dafix .kafvdak
kduiqoaola wykafvdak
uvqfjka nq,;a fld<hla .kS' uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs'
lú → ta tlr.,g u,aoï biaido ., hd¨fjda
ta fulr.,g u,aoï biaido ., hd¨fjda

f;jrla yQ y`v k.hs' wdhqofha ;=v l;sr yevhg ;nd.k lmqjka fofokd kghs' miafika miaig
tfia kgñka wd;=rhka ìu meÿre t,d jdä ù isák ;ekg meñK wd;=rhd jgd kgñka jghla f.dia
lmqjka fofokdu wdhqoh iys; oE;a wd;=rhdf.a ysi u; ;nd fnr y`vg wkqj fjõ¨ï p,k olaj;s'
f;jrla yQ y`v k.d wdldrhg nq,;a ljhs" mryo fmdjhs'
tla lmqjl= h<s" wd;=rhd <`. keù o; wd;=rhdf.a ysfia ;ndf.k fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs'
wfkla lmqjd isgf.k isg foda,k p,k olajñka fmakh wrUhs' tlr.,g u,a oï úoao l,ska tluhs uo
jYfhka ms<sfj, fjkia fõ'
Èjia u,a oï my weue;a;h yßwdldr ysf;a ixf;dafix ufh hlv fndr;,a ál n,jkak wdjd"
Th wdj;a yß fyd`ohs lshkak yß wdldr tk hf,a ux.,af,;a WU,f. Th ysf;a ixf;dafix Th hlv
fndr;,a ál;a iqoao ñßia ál;a lvq my;a bysá my;a mdjd fooaÈ → wd;=rhdf.a ysig
oE;a ;ndhs wfka lshk ÿlla wfka lshk uxuq,djla fjkak fokakE ^hym;s iajdóks&
fï w;r;=r § wfkla lmqjdo ke.S isg fjku fmakhla wrUhs' fï jeksu
h<s keàu wrUhs .dhkho werfò' miafika miaig kgñka ths jdä ù isák ;j;a
wd;=rhkag mryo fmdjhs' fmr mßÈ u fmak lshhs'
→ yß wdldr WU,f. Th ysf;a ixf;dafix tk hf,a ux.,af," Th hlv fndr;,a ál;a iqoao
ñßia ál;a lvq my;a bysá my;a mdjd fooaÈ WU,g Th wfka lshk ÿlla wfka lshk uxuq,djla
fjkak fokakE' uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' h<s kgñka ú;a fmakh lshhs'
 fuys§ msßi wdhqo ;ndf.k tajd Tmamq §ug n,d isà' tu ;eke;a;l=;a lrg wdhqo iys;
oE;a ;nd fjõ¨ï p,k olajd f;jrla yQ y`v k.d" ;u ol=Kf;a we;s wdhqOh w;jr lmqjdg §
Tmamq §ug isák wdhqoh tu w;g ,nd.kS' wk;=rej ta fol l;sr yevhg ;ndf.k uola kgd
fmakh wrUhs'
nhfjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd yß wdldr Th tk ;ekg tkjd hk ;ekg hkjd
fydrdf.x y;=rf.x lgqfjx lKqfjx fír, Èkj, .kakj → nq,;a fld<fhka ysi msßu§ ←
Wmd,s → ;kshu bkafk rdc mfriaix lr.kak ´k
;j whl=f.ka tfia wdhqoh f.k kgd fmakh wrUhs → orejl= jvd isák ujlg
nhfjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd äx.sß ál rdc mrfjiaix lr.kakj ^hym;s iajdóks&
^orejdg mryo fmdjhs& wfkla lmqjd o fmak lshhs' Tyq uvqj fj; meñK myùug wod<
p,k olajd my fjhs' uvqjg je`o k¾;kh yudr lrhs'
B<`. fmakh
rdc mrfjiaix lr.kakj yß wdldr wOHdmk lghq;= jeä j¾ok fjkak Èjia fokj →
orejdj nq,;a fld<fhka ysi mmqj msr§ ← mryo fmdjhs →
Wmd,s → tk hkak ´ks hk ;ekg hkak ´ks
h<s kgd → ;j whl=g mryo fmdjd fmak lshhs
nhfjkafkmd" Th tk ;ekg tkjd hk ;ekg hkjd fydrdf.x y;=rf.x lgqfjx lKqfjx .,j, Èkj, .kakj
→ mryo nq,;a fld<fhka ysfia .dhs ←
B<`. whf.ka wdhqoh f.k kgd fmakh lshhs'
nhfjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd yß wdldr rdc mrfjiaix lr, .kakjd'
→ we;eï wh r;= froaola kjd ta u; nq,;a m`vqre wdhqo;a ;ndf.k isá;s' we;eï wh wdhqo
rys;j o froao yd nq,;a m`vqre fo;s' we;eï wh wdhqo lSmhla Tmamq fo;s'
fufia Tmamq f.k hyk w,a,d wdhqo folo w,a,d f.k fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' .dhkho werfò'
yx y`v k.d k¾;kh wrUhs'
.=rejrfhl= wdhqo ;nd fjõ¨ï p,k olajd fmakh wrUhs'
yßwdldr ux wo tk fõ,djg ug rxmkula Tmamq fokjd yß wdldr ufh W;=ï .,
fiakdjg rx mkula Tmamq fokak ´k yß wdldr ux uxudj;aj, mä udre fjkj' yßwdldr ug
msysgla ,nd.kak ´k lshd,d yßwdldr Wfò wf;a ñfÜ /lS rlaidj,a jeä j¾ok ú,d rx mkx wf;a
ñfÜ jeä jeäfhx ueoyia fjkak Èjia fokjd nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd'
nq,;a fld<fhka ysi msßu§ mryo fmdjhs'
uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' yya y# y`v 3 jrla k.d
k¾;kh wrUhs .dhkh werfò fuys § lsj yelafla m<uq lú moh muKs'

B<`. fmakh
 → fudlgfoda n,kak lSjd Th tlr.,g ''''' uo jYfhka fjkiah
Èjia u,a oï my weue;a;h tk fj,djg ug rx mkula Tmamq fokjd yß wdldr yß wdldr ysf;a
woyila ;sfhkjd fï ., fiakdjf.xj;a ug msysgla ,efnhsfoda lsh,d .sks cd,djg ux rx mkx
Tmamq fokafk

Wmd,s → tfyu fohla ;ud

t;k ishfmdf,a yß wdldr" uqjuE,a,s uqjuE,a,s. .sks cd,djla ;shkj yß wdldr ta foa
±k.kak ug rx mkx Tmamq fokak nhfjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd ^tfyuhs&
ux Th rx mkx Tmamq ÿkakg miafi ufh Th .sks cd,dj,a yßwdldr ,syd.kak mq¨jka Wkd
lsh,d ysf;a woyia lshd.kak ux Èjia fokjd'
→ mryo fmdjhs nq,;a fld<fhka ysfia mryo .dhs ←
uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' f;jrla yQ y`v k.d h<s kghs'
B<`. fmakh
→ yß wdldr Wmoaof¾lgj;a yßwdldr rdcuqfkalg hkakj;a fkfjhs ug rxmkx
Tmamq fokafk fï W;=ï ., fiakdjg ud;a rxmkula Tmamq fokak ´k lshk woyiska yßwdldr
Thsg jeäh rg rdchj,aj, ueoyiaj weú,a,d mrïmrd rejx f.da,fhd WU, hk ;ekg hkj tk ;ekg
tkj' fydrdf.x y;=rf.x lgqfjx lKqfjx fír, Èkj, .kakj nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd,
fjkafkmd
ysfiys nq,;a fld<h msßueo ^Tyqf.kau nq,;a fld<h f.k& wdYs¾jdo lrhs' nq,;a fld<h
w;jrldr lmqjl=g → Wmd,sg ← mryo fmdjhs'
uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs
lúh → l=vd ¨Kqfla fld<uvq fmd,g u,aoï úoaodo hdf¨fjda ^;ks moh lshk úg fjõ¨ï p,k
wjika fõ&
B<`. fmakh → úu,dg
fudlgfoda n,kak lSjd ^tfyuhs& yßwdldr nfhx kuqnqfjka ug rx mkula Tmamq fokjd
mrïmrd uqjuE,a,s yßwdldr ufh W;=ï ., fiakdjf.ka yß wdldr ug msysgla ,nd .kak
´k lshk woyiska yßwdldr rxmkx Tmamq fokafk t;k ishfmdf<a .sks cd,dj,a we;s fjkjd'
nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd'
Wmd,s → mrïmrd uqjuE,sj rdc mfriaix lrkak ´ks'
mryo fmdjhs ysfia .dhs m`vqre nq,;a f.k Wmd,sg fohs'

uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd B<`. fmakh

 fudlgfoda n,kak lSjd yß wdldr Th lvq myg bysá myg f;mamyg u,a oï myg foaj
Èjia foaj lreKd lr.;a Èjia u,aoï my weue;a;h tk fj,djg ug rxmkula Tmamq fokjd ysf;a
woyila ;sfhkjd ^tfyuhs& ta foa biag m, fjhsfoda lshk woyiska ^tfyuhs& yß wdldr
nhfjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd ufh mrxmrd rejx f.da,fhd ^tfyuhs& yß wdldr
ta foaj, ta úÈhgu biag m, fjkak ux Èjia fokj nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd
→ mryo fmdjhs ← Th hk ;ekg hkjd tk ;ekg tkjd fydrdf.x y;=rf.x lgqfjx lKqfjx fír, Èkj,
.kakj
→ nq,;a .kS ←
uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k
ta l=vd ¨Kqfla fld<g uvq fmd<g u,a oï úoaodo hd¨fjda → tl mohhs ←
B`<. fmakh
lvqmyg bysá myg f;amamyg u,aoï myg foaj Èjia foaj lreKd lr.;a Èjia u,aoï my
weue;a;h tk fj,djg ^tfyuhs& yß wdldr ug rxmkula Tmamq fokj ^tfyuhs& ysf;a
woyila ;sfhkjd fï woyi ug biag m, fjkak ´k fï W;=ï ., fiakdjg ux rx mkula Tmamq
fokak ´k lshd,d nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd ^tfyuhs& yß wdldr ±k.kak
lSjd Wfò Th ysf;a ;sfhk woyi ta wdldrhgu biag m, fjkak ux Èjia fokj nh fjkafkmd yel
fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd
→ mryo .d fi;a lrhs ←
uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k
Wmd,s → tlr.,u u,a oï úoaodo fnd, hd¨jd fulr.,g
fmakh → .,a myg fy,a myg rEiskd myg lvq myg bysá myg f;ma myg u,aoï myg foaj
Èjia foaj lreKd lr.;a Èjia u,a oï my weue;a;h tk fj,djg yß wdldr ud;a fï W;=ï ., fiakdjg
rx mkula Tmamq fokak ´k' ufh ishfmd<g;a msysgla wdrlaIdjla ,nd.kak ´k ufh wf;a
ñfÜ /lS rlaid jeä j¾ok lr.kak ´fk lshk woyiska rxmkx Tmamq ÿkafk ^tfyuhs& yß
wdldr nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd Wu, uh fiakdjg Th fok rxmkxj,g
whsfhda fï rejx lmqjkag ta ÿkakq rx mkxj,skq;a jevla kE lshd, niajdÈ t,hs ta ksid
±k.kak lSjd yßwdldr ;rñka ;ru Th Wmoaor t;k ishfmdf<a /lS riaid jeä j¾ok fjkak ux
Èjia fokjd ^hym;s iajdñks&
mryo .d fmdjd fi;a lrhs'
uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k

ta tlr.,g u,aoï úoaodo n, hd¨jd

kghs
ta fulr.,g u,aoï úoaodo n, hd¨jd
B<`. fmakh
fudlgfoda n,kak lSjd Th .,a myg fy,a myg reiskd myg lvq myg bysá myg f;ma
myg u,aoï myg foaj Èjia foaj lreKd lr.;a Èjia u,aoï my weue;a;hd tk fj,djg" whsfhda
ufh fï W;=ï ., fiakdjg ud;a rx mkula Tmamq fokak ´k" ux isud,j, mä udre fjkafk
yßwdldr Thsg jeäh isud,j, mäudre fjhdksx lSjd mrïmrd rejx f.da,fhd WU, yßwdldr
tk ;ekg tkjd hk ;ekg hkjd yß wdldr fydrdf.x y;=rf.x lgqfjx lkqfjx fydrdf.x y;=rf.x lgqfjx
lkqfjx fír, Èkj, .kakj' Thsg jeäh wf;a ñfÜ /lS riaid jeä j¾ok fjkak;a" rx mkx wf;a ñfÜ
jefgkak;a ux Èjia fokj ^mrïmrd rejx f.da,fhd rdc mrfjiaix lrkak ´k& nh fjkafkmd yel
fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd
^wkakdyqrekag;a weue;a;hkag;a ldßh kvqj lshkak ´k&
mryo fmdjhs" .dhs" m`vqre .kS' uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k

ta tlr.,g u,aoï úoaodo n, hd¨jd

kghs
ta fulr.,g u,aoï úoaodo n, hd¨jd

B<`. fmakh
.,a myg fy,a myg rEiskd myg lvq myg bysá myg f;ma myg u,a oï myg foaj Èjia
foaj lreKd lr.;a Èjia u,aoï my weue;a;h tk fj,djg ug rx mkula Tmamq fokjd"
Wmoaorhla jeä jdrK fj,d ;sfhkj fldhshï úÈhg Wkdo lsh,d ±k.kak we;a; kx we;a; lshkak
lSjd fndrd kx fndre lshkak lSjd nh fjkafkmd
^we;a;&
yß wdldr wfmx fjÉp uq,djla kx fkfjhs iÍr mfoialkafox yg.;a;= fohla fkfjhs' iÍr
mfoialkafox yg.;a;= fohla f;,a fnfy;a wod< lrkakx nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd,
fjkafkmd
mryo fmdjhs" .dhs" nq,;a .kS'
uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs'

.=rejrï §u
→wdhqo fol .=rejrhd w;g § .=rejrhd mqgqjl jdä ù isà ← fooK ìu ;nd.k" oE;
Rcqj ;nd fow;a, ìu ;nd.k" ysi my;g fhduf.k kgk lmqjd isà'
l¨ nxvd
'''''' ishla .=rekafkka oyila .=reka ,enqKd oyila .=rekafkka ''''''
 fï f.da, orejd ufh wejeiai nEk b;sx fuõj ±x wms fuõj lrmq ldf, bjrhs' ±x wms
f.da, orefjd yodk Wx hlalx lrk Èyd ±x ;uhs wms n,d b`o,d ;sfhkafk fldKav u,a f,ajka
±;af;a rdjkd" f,ajka .f,a rdjkd f,a jka Trefõ rdjkd" f,ajka uqÜáfha rdjkd" f,ajka fldkafoa
rdjkd" f,ajka f.dgqfõ rdjkd f,ajka f;dmamsfh" yeÜfg" we,af,a Èjia f,am;a weu;a;hd"
wdnrK jkakshd rdjkd óla u,a rdjkd we,af,a rdjkd we,s.ka rdjkd msiaid rdjk f,jkaÿkafka
rdjkd f,ajka Èkq Èfha rdjkd f,ajka Bfha rdjkd f,ajka m;lfâ ly fldKafâ rdjk fldKafoa
rdjkd f,ajka f.dgqfõ rdjkd '''' rdjkd '''' rdjkd ''' rdjkd f,ajka f;dmasfha rdjkd f,a jka '''
rdjkd Èjia f,am;a jkakshd wo ojfia jeä fjfyihla jeä uykaishla ke;=j fu;k Wjÿre wrf.k tk
hf,a ux.,af, fï jdf.u fï Tnjykafia,dg ysi lr kïuj.kak l,sx weia f,v nv f,v fydß l=iag oU
l=iag f.ä jÿre u,a jÿre f,a jÿre jiSre jix.;S biair fldfrdakdj lsh, tlla ;snqKd wfm .ug
fldfrdakdj wdfj kE lvjr jiSrejla wejÈx wfma ál fofkl=g yeÿkd" ke;af; kE lvjr jiSrej tl
ñksfylaj;a wfma ñksiaiq uerefk kE fï fldfrdkhs lsh,d ta fudlo wfma hld fohshxf. n,h
yßhg .y ., jdf. wmsg msysgmq ksid wms ch .;a;d' ta jdf.u ys;k m;k úÈhg fïjf.x WU,g
ch.%yKh ,efnkj ñila lsisu ojil mrdohla fjkafk kE kgdmx fohs yduqÿrejkafk foaj
i;a;dkqndjhs foaj i;a;dkqndjhs'
→ lmqjd ke.S isg oE;a tlalr je`o wdhqo w;g .kS' wfkla .=rejrekag;a jeo wdpdrlr
wjir .kS
wdhqoj,g;a hykg;a ÿïu, w,a,kq ,efí'

weuekaÿu
.dhkh fnr jdokh werfò' lmqjd wdhqo fol w;g f.k" tlg ;nd w,a,df.k" u,a oï my
weue;a;hd kegqfï § fuka isõ ÈYdfjx kuialdr lrhs' wk;=rej w;kg wdhqoh ne.ska f.k ñfÜ
ueo fldgiska w; ñg fud,jd" ;,h my<g jk fia w,a,df.k" ;,h by<g jk fia w,a,df.k udrefjka
udrejg fomd p,kh lrñka" ueiai bÈßmi yeÍ kghs' Tyqg mryo bishs' isrer jug yd ol=Kg
iq¨ jYfhka p,kh lrñka uo fõ,djlska miq ueiai w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajd h<s kghs'
↓
h<s ueiai w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k
↓
h<s kghs
↓
ueiai w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs yya y`v f;jrla k.hs
fï jk ;=re .ehQ lú my; mßÈh ^mqxÑ nxvd&

ta fldKavu,a rdjfkda
ta ólau,a rdjfkda
ta we,af,a rdjfkda
ta we,srka rdjfkda
ta '''''' rdjfkda
ta fldKavu,a rdjfkda
ta we,af,a rdjfkda
ta we,srka rdjfkda
ta ''''' rdjfkda
f,ajka we,af,a
f,ajka f;dmamsfha
f,ajka ''''''
f,a jka lvqfõ
f,a jka yeÜfÜ
f,a jka '''''
f,ajka f.dgqfõ

ueiai wi< Wvqlh kjd ysi my;a lrf.k" uola wE;a lr wdhqo iu.u uvqfõ ;ndf.k fjõ¨ï p,k
olajd yya y`v f;jrla k.d my; jpk lshhs' kgk lmqjd tla fldgila lS miq thu mfil isák lmqjd
h<s lshhs'

kgk lmqjd wfkla lmqjd

wek.;a nxvdr kd.y tlafjks ldrfhda

kd.y tlafjks ldrfhda kd.y fojks ldrfhda
kd.y fojks ldrfhda kd.y fojks ldrfhda
kd.y fojks ldrfhda kd.y ;=kafjks ldrfhda
kd.y ;=kafjks ldrfhda
kd.y ;=kafjks ldrfhda
kd.y y;rfjks ldrfhda
kd.y y;rfjks ldrfhda
kd.y miafjks ldrfhda
kd.y miafjks ldrfhda
kd.y yhfjks ldrfhda
kd.y yhfjks ldrfhda
kd.y y;afjks ldrfhda
kd.y y;afjks ldrfhda
kd.y mgyeks ldrfhda
kd.y mgyeks ldrfhda
kd.y mrfjks ldrfhda
kd.y mrfjks ldrfhda
kd.y n%dkaÑ ldrfhda
kd.y n%dkaÑ ldrfhda

 wfkla lmqjd úiska fkdlshhs' fmr jro ksid

 fuh jer§uls' wfkla lmqjd fuh h<s fkdlshhs" kd.y tlafjks ldrfhda lshd lshhs'

ydia kd.y jkaksfhda ydia kd.y jkaksfhda

Èjia kd.y jkaksfhda
^fuh yßkï fomdrla lshkak ´k lula kE&

yya yya yya y`v k.d h<s my; mßÈ lshhs'

fnda.y tlafjks ldrfhda

fnda.y tlafjks ldrfhda
fnda.y fojks ldrfhda
fnda.y fojks ldrfhda
fnda.y ;=kafjks ldrfhda
fnda.y ;=kafjks ldrfhda
fnda.y y;rfjks ldrfhda
fnda.y miafjks ldrfhda
fnda.y miafjks ldrfhda
fnda.y yhfjks ldrfhda
fnda.y y;ajks ldrfhda
fnda.y mgyeks ldrfhda
fnda.y mrfjks ldrfhda
fnda.y mrfjks ldrfhda
fnda.y n%dkaÑ ldrfhda
fnda.y n%dkaÑ ldrfhda
ydia fnda.y jkaksfhda
Èjia fnda.y jkaksfhda
Èjia fnda.y jkaksfhda

yya yya yya f;jrla lshd

h<s my; mßÈ lshhs'

tlr., jkaksfhda
fulr., jkaksfhda
fulr., jkaksfhda
yria., jkaksfhda
yria., jkaksfhda
jg., jkaksfhda
jg., jkaksfhda
.=re., jkaksfhda
.=re., jkaksfhda
., foj, jkaksfhda
., foj, jkaksfhda
.=reu,a jkaksfhda
.=reu,a jkaksfhda
wdnrK jkaksfhda
., uqÿfka jkaksfhda
., uqÿfka jkaksfhda
Èjia., jkaksfhda
Èjia., jkaksfhda

yya yya yya y`v k. my; tajd lshhs'

tlr., fldaud,sfhda
tlr., fldaud,sfhda
fulr., fldaud,sfhda
fulr., fldaud,sfhda
yria., fldaud,sfhda
jg., jkaksfhda
jg., jkaksfhda
.=re., jkaksfhda
.=re., jkaksfhda
.,foj, jkaksfhda
., foj, jkaksfhda
.=re u,a jkaksfhda
.=re u,a jkaksfhda
.=re u,a jkaksfhda
wdnrK jkaksfhda
wdnrK jkaksfhda
., uqÿfka jkaksfhda
., uqÿfka jkaksfhda
Èjia., jkaksfhda
Èjia., jkaksfhda

yya yya yya y`v k.d my; tajd lshhs'

tlr., fldaud,sfhda
fulr., fldaud,sfhda
fulr., fldaud,sfhda
yria., fldaud,sfhda
jg., fldaud,sfhda
jg., fldaud,sfhda
.=re., fldaud,sfhda
.=re., fldaud,sfhda
.,foj, fldaud,sfhda
.,foj, fldaud,sfhda
.=re u,a fldaud,sfhda
.=re u,a fldaud,sfhda
wdnrK fldaud,sfhda
wdnrK fldaud,sfhda
., uqÿfka fldaud,sfhda
., uqÿfka fldaud,sfhda
Èjia., fldaud,sfhda
Èjia., fldaud,sfhda

fjõ¨ï p,k olajñkau yya yya y# y`v k.hs' my; mßÈ lshhs'

lvq mfya fldaud,sfhda

lvq mfya fldaud,sfhda
bysá mfya fldaud,sfhda
yeÜg mfya fldaud,sfhda
f;dmams mfya fldaud,sfhda
u,aoï mfya fldaud,sfhda
lvj;a yf;a fldaud,sfhda
lvj;a yf;a fldaud,sfhda
lvbx yf;a fldaud,sfhda
lvbx yf;a fldaud,sfhda

yya yya yya y`v k.d my; mßÈ lshhs'

lvqmfya weue;a;fhda
msysá mfya weue;a;fhda

 óg l,ska" wfkla lmqjd jk mqxÑ nxvd lvqmfya weue;a;fhda hkqfjka lshhs' th

u;lalr §ula nj fmfka'
 fuu kd.y" fnda.y nxvdr fldaud,s weue;a;fhd f.kakkafk l,ska u. weß,d ;snqK;a
lsh,d" ke;a;x hld ;j wjqreoaola n,d.k bkakjfk

yeÜg mfya weue;a;fhda

yeÜg mfya weue;a;fhda
f;dmams mfya weue;a;fhda
u,aoï mfya weue;a;fhda
u,aoï mfya weue;a;fhda

lmqjd → Èjia lvq mfya mia fokd lshkjd ufh ÿla.;a;djd

yya yya yya lshd my; mßÈ lshhs'

wek.;a nxvdr
wek.;a nxvdr
úo.;a nxvdr
úo.;a nxvdr
fldgd jegqKq nxvdr
fldgd jegqKq nxvdr
W, ;snQ nxvdr
W, ;snQ nxvdr
jdy, nxvdr
jdy, nxvdr
hdmd nxvdr
hdmd nxvdr
udmd nxvdr
.f`.a nxvdr
.f`.a nxvdr
jefõ nxvdr
jefõ nxvdr

 fï lÜáh 16 fofkla lef,a .sysx .,af.al boaÈ .,af.a lvdf.k ysrfj,d uereKq msßila lshd
;uhs .=rejrhd lsh,d ±kaf.kmeùu ú;rla l<dg biair jk.; hlal=kaf.a hkaku lsh,d fjku
kegqj¨

fyar;a nxvdr
fyar;a nxvdr
fykr;a nxvdr
fykr;a nxvdr

lsUq,a Tfí fyar;a nxvdr lshkjd ufh ÿla.;a;djd

yya yya yya lshd my; mßÈ lshhs'

f,am;a weu;sf.a msßi

fldKavu,a rdjfkda
fldKavu,a rdjfkda
ólau,a rdjfkda
ólau,a rdjfkda
ólau,a rdjfkda
we,af,a rdjfkda
we,af,a rdjfkda
mslaid rdjfkda
f,ajka ÿkafka rdjfkda
f,a jka ÿkafka rdjfkda
f,ajka m;lfâ rdjfkda
f,ajka m;lfâ rdjfkda
f,ajka .f,a rdjfkda
f,ajka .f,a rdjfkda
f,ajka yeÜfÜ rdjfkda
f,ajka yeÜfÜ rdjfkda
f,ajka f;dmamsfha rdjfkda
f,ajka f;dmamsfha rdjfkda
f,ajka lvqfõ rdjfkda
f,ajka lvqfõ rdjfkda
f,ajka bysáfha rdjfkda
f,ajka ±;af;a rdjfkda
f,ajka ±;af;a rdjfkda
f,ajka f.dgqfõ rdjfkda
f,ajka f.dgqfõ rdjfkda
f,ajka we,af,a rdjfkda
f,ajka we,af,a rdjfkda

lmqjd → Èjia f,am;a weue;a;h wdnrK jkakshd lshkj ufh ÿla.;a;djd

yya yya yya f;jrla k.d" hyfkka uE;aj ke.S isg keàu wrUhs' wdhqofha ;,h by<g isák fia
ñfgka w,a,df.k" oE; tljr bÈßhg Tijñka" tljr my;a lrñka jdudj¾;j tla jghla lerfla'
→ ta jk úg by< my< hq., ksYaÑ; kE ← 15 la isÿ lr we;' ← ;;amr 13 muK
wfhla msgqmi isg lmqjd bf.ka w,a,df.k isà'
yya y`v tla jrla k.d k¾;k p,kh fjkia lrhs'
fuys§ oE; my<g t,a,d jefgk fia ;ndf.k wdhqoh isrer fomiska fmd<jg
iudka;rj ;=v bosßhg fhduq jk fia ;nd.k jï lr yd ndyqj ol=Kq lr yd ndyqj udrefjka udrejg
bÈßhg miqmig p,kh lrhs' ysi fomig i,hs' flfuka p,k fõ.h jeäfõ' ish wlaIh jgdo jdudj¾;j
lerlefõ' jg 1$2 la muK tfia p,kh jQ miq ^;;amr 10 muK& lmqjd uQ¾cd fõ' Tyqj w,a,d
isák ;eke;a;d Tyq Tijd f.kf.dia u,a t<sh wi,ska isgqjd ;nhs'
→ fï jk ;=re ^l,ska msgqj yd fï msgqj& lú lSula isÿ fkdfõ ←
msgqmig nr ù" j;a;ï ù isák lmqjd mfil ys`o lúh .hhs' fnr y`v kef.a'

fya fldKav uq,a rdjfkda

fya óla u,a rdjfkda
fya we,af,a rdjfkda

flfuka fjõ¨ï p,k werfò' flfï tajd fõ.j;a fjhs' lmqjd uvqj w,a,d ta wi< Wvq lh kjdf.k ys`o
fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' yya yya yya y`v k.d keàu wrUhs'
oE; my<g fhdud wdhqoh w,a,d isg udrefjka udrejg bÈßhg my<g f;jrla p,kh lr" wk;=rej
oE; my<gu ;ndf.k Wvq lh uola bÈßhg kjdf.k ysi my<g lrf.k olaIskdj¾;j jg 2la"
jdudj¾;j jg 2la fõ.fhka N%uKh ù" h<s oE; my< ;nd hq., fojrla bÈßhg miqmig p,kh lr
fmr mßÈ N%uK p,s; olajhs'
↓
h<s hq., 2 la oE; bÈßhg miqmig p,kh lr olaIsKdj¾;j jghla lerlSu;a iu.u úi{ ù jefgkakg
hhs' jgd isák fofofkla Tyq jefgkakg fkd§ w,a,d .kS'
fï fldgfia .ehQ lú my; mßÈh

fomhg .S.sß iS,ïfnda

fï lvqfõ ku lssh,hs hkafka
fï lvqfõ ku f,a jka lvqjhs
f,ajka ., uq, iS`o.kd
fomhg lSlsß iS,ïnq
fï lvqfõ f,a jka lvqjhs
f,a jka ., uq, iSo.kx
bk msg f.cacx ne`È is¨jd fï lvqfõ ku
nuqkql= lvqjh nuqkql= ., uq, iS`o.kd

ta iu. lmqjd úi{ jQ miq Tyq mfil isg my; lú .hhs' mryo bishs'

ta fldKavu,a rdjfkda
ta ólau,a rdjfkda
ta we,af,a rdjfkda

lmqjdf.a fjõ¨ï p,k werö fõ.j;a fõ' Tyq uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' f;jrla yya y`v
k.d h<s keàu wrUhs' .dhkho werfò'
fujr wdhqo ;=v my<g fhduqjk fia w,a,d.k wdhqo tljr by<g my<g hk fia oE;
bÈßhg lr by< my< lrñka ;nd jgdo jdudj¾;j jg folla fifuka N%uKh fjhs'
fuúg .hk lú

fomhg lSlsß iS,ïfnda

fï lvqfõ ku lsh,hs hkafk
fï lvqfõ ku f,ajka lvqjhs
f,ajka ., uq, ''''''
fomh lSlsß iS,ïfnda
fï lvqfõ ku f,ajka lvqjhs

lmqjd uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs'

fya fldKavu,a rdjfkda

fya óla u,a rdjfkda

h<s y# y`v f;jrla k.d keàu wrUhs' lú o werfò'

wdhqofha ;=v by<g ;ndf.k fmr mßÈ oE; Tijñka my;a lrñka" jg 1$2 muK hhs' hykg
myfjhs' → túg fldKavu,a rdjkd lúh lshhs' h<s kghs túg my; lúh lshhs
fomhg lSlsß iS,ïfnda
fï lvqfõ ku lsh,hs hkafka
fï lvqfõ ku f,ajka lvqjhs
 lmqjd" oE; fomig úysÿjd fomi isák lmqjkaf.a Wrysia fol u; wdhqoh iys;
oE; ;ndf.k ysi my<g fhduq lrf.k fnr y`v wkqj fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' tfia lrñka my; p,k lshhs'

fmakh
fldKavu,a rdjKd ^tfyuhs&
óla u,a rdjkd
we,af,a rdjkd
we,s '''''
''''''''''''''
f,a jka ÿkafka rdjkd
f,a '''''
''''''
f,a jka m;dlfâ rdjkd
f,a jka .f,a rdjkd
f,a jka yeÜfÜ rdjkd
f,a jka f;dmamsfha rdjkd
f,a jka lvqfõ rdjkd
f,a jka ''''''
f,a jka veÜfÜ rdjkd
f,a jka
f,a jka
f,a jka

iqoao f,am;a weue;a;h wdnrK jkaksyd → ysi fl,ska lrñka ← ^tfyuhs&

fjõ¨ï p,k kj;d foda,k p,k olajñka my; fmakh lshhs'

yß wdldr ysf;a ixf;dafix ueoy;a Wkd ^hym;s iajdóks&

mqxÑ nxvd → ;uqkakdkafia ., fiakdjg ldßh kvqj lshkafkdak lvq my bysá my ur

fmd<jg jeá,d flgqïm;a jeá, ;sfhkj

lmqjd → nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd cxcd, fjkafkmd ^tfyuhs& yß wdldr ufh

ÿla.;a .=rejrfhla ishfmdf,a b`o, ufh wf;a mfha jegqKd" yß wdldr Th ., fiakdjg ldßh
kvqj lshdmx yß wdldr .x fldgqjg Wmoaorj,a jeä fjhs lshd,d nh fjkafkmd yel fjkafkmd
cxcd, fjkafkmd yß wdldr Th l=uk uqj.ïuk yslald., .=rejrfhla b`of.k wf;a mfha jefgkj
jdf. ufh wf;a mfha jeáÉp ksid yß wdldr Th tk jix.;s wduqK yrjkj ^tfyuhs& wd jix.;s .id
ÿrejx lr, ikaks hlal= nQ; hlal= .e?;fhd fmf¾;fhd y;S lkafox y;S lvjf;x .id ÿrejx lr,d
WU,g yß wdldr flgqïm;la jefgkak wdj;a taj ufh .=rejrug wßkj ux ^hym;s iajdóks&

uvqj w,a,d fjõ¨ï p,k olajhs' yya y`v 1 jrla k.d h<s keàu wrUhs'