Renovation of Waste Disposal Management

In Barangay Bagontapay
(Draft)

A Quantitative Research
presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department of
Mlang National High School
Mlang, North Cotabato

Sorongon, Gian J.
Lano, Deniel Jay A.
Candelario, Justine B.

Science, Technology, Engineering

And Mathematics

November 2022
 Abstract

One of the most common issues in Barangay Bagontapay is improper waste

disposal, which may have an impact on the residents of the barangay's current

way of life. The quantitative research approach is used. In this study, the

researchers hope to find a solution to the main problem that they discovered by

interviewing residents and measuring their dumped waste. The Theory on Waste

Management (2004) by E. Pongrácz, P. S. Phillips, and R. L. Keiski is used as a

reference through the progression of the study. An interview was conducted with

(50) willingly residents of the chosen community, barangay Bagontapay. The

question asked to the respondents were their basic information, source of income

and the problems that they encountered in the community.

As a result, residents in Bagontapay face the most serious problem:

improper waste disposal. These issues were defined as incinerating garbage,

throwing garbage down the well, and a lack of garbage collection. These issues

may endanger not only the residents but also the environment. The residents'

understanding of their current situation is based on their own experiences.

Despite the fact that they were able to provide advice to people who may be in

the same situation by properly segregating their waste but lack the funds to

support garbage truck collection, resulting in the incineration of their garbages.

And that causes 68% of waste being dumped in their area, 22% is turned into

compost for fertilizer and only 10% of waste is recycled.

 Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

Solid waste damps are wreaking havoc on the environment in developing

countries(Ejaz, N. et al. 2010). Negative environmental effects of improper solid

waste disposal can be seen all over the developing world. In a world where

approximately 450 million tonnes of waste are generated each year. With the

growing concern about large amounts of solid waste being produced in the form

of both solid and liquid waste, the concept of waste management has emerged

as a key focus of sustainable development principles that are based on policies

and practices. The amount of solid waste is increasing, and if it is disposed of in

an uncontrolled manner, it may have a negative impact on public health and the

environment. An inefficient barangay solid waste management system can have

serious environmental consequences such as infectious diseases, land and water

pollution, drain obstruction, and biodiversity loss.

However, some of the most serious waste management issues have

primarily been raised in developing countries (Thomas-Hope, 1998). While other

rural areas strive for development, population growth and modern lifestyles have

posed numerous challenges to the environment, calling sustainability into

question. Economic development of societies clearly has a significant impact on

the environment because natural resources are used and waste is produced from

many activities (Malik & Grohmann, 2011). Development activities, in particular,

may have caused significant environmental pollution and generated a large

amount of waste, which is not conducive to sound environmental development.

These wastes have become an environmental hazard. Due to a lack of proper

waste disposal, the yet known amount of waste generated in Bagontapay has

become increasingly difficult to safely manage as homes throughout the area.

Especially those who simply throw their trash anywhere, which has serious

consequences for the cleanliness and safety of the living things in Bagontapay

area.

Solid waste has a significant impact on the natural environment and poses a

serious threat because these materials remain in one location for an extended

period of time unless removed, burned, or washed away. In this regard, solid

waste has been identified as a critical issue for long-term development.

Environmental sanitation must be improved in order to improve the quality of life

in the area (Ejaz, N. et al. 2010).

Statement of the Problem

The objective of this study is to provide some innovation to the waste

management of the Barangay Bagontapay. Some factors affect the residents’

way on garbage disposal, these factors are lack of knowledge on proper waste

disposal, lack of garbage trucks that may collect their garbage and the residents

were accustomed on incinerating their own garbage.

Specifically, this study shall seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the current community issues of the residents in the barangay?

2. What are the ways to innovate the management of waste in Barangay

Bagontapay that will be low cost, efficient and capable for long term to

sustain cleanliness?

3. What are the results of the innovation of the waste management?

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is to innovate the waste disposal

management in Barangay Bagontapay to improve the environment’s cleanliness,

less impact to the health of the people, and the efficiency of the proper waste

disposal management. Likewise, this study is deeming significant to the following:

Environment. Proper waste disposal helps improve the land, water, and

air quality as well as reduces greenhouse gas emission. It helps in minimizing the

extraction of resources along with reducing pollution and energy consumption

which is associated with manufacturing new materials. And with proper waste

disposal, prevents any harmful organisms to proliferate in the environment.

Cause junk and waste are the perfect host for bacteria, and it can grow if the

waste is not disposed properly. It increases the risk of diseases to plants and

animals who come in contact with the trash.

People. Barangay Bagontapay lack of proper waste disposal facilities and

equipment due to financial problems. But with proper disposal, you can’t just

disposed your waste, but also, earn money just by collecting garbage from house

to house. Waste disposal is big money, and landfill waste actually tends to

produce methane gas, which can be capture and turn back into electricity. It can
be a opportunity for the people in Barangay Bagontapay that needed extra

money for their expenses. It includes tax breaks and incentives, increased

access to grants, and reduced insurance premiums for the management.

Local Government. The results of this study will help the local

government with proper waste disposal. It will provide more waste disposal

projects, clean up drive and other programs related to waste disposal. On the

other hand, it will help the society to improve the cleanliness of the environment.

Future Researcher. Future researcher can use this guidelines for their

research, they can form a new research problem. This research can use for the

future research as their references.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will be delimited in finding out the ways of innovating the waste

disposal of Barangay Bagontapay. This non-experimental data will be collected

by the researchers in community and but will not attempt to measure this variable

in the whole Barangay Bagontapay. The study would be done through observing,

describing and assessing the problems. In this way, the researcher will able to

know the problems and innovate the waste disposal of Barangay Bagontapay.

The Instruments use to gather data was the researcher’s made

questionnaires for the government of the Barangay and the residents, average

measurements of the wastes, and other variables scrutinize by concern and

affected juror to come up with a valid and reliable results.

Their responses is scaled as to respondent’s purpose of using proper

waste disposal, the positive effect of proper waste disposal, negative effects of

inappropriate waste disposal to the environment, and the waste disposal currently

using by the people in the Bagontapay. Furthermore, the researcher will conduct

this study further in the future for more reliable and accurate results.

The planned date to conduct the research is in the 1 st quarter of the

January 2023 in the Barangay Bagontapay with the participation of the residents

in the barangay.
Definition of Terms

Conceptual and operational terms used in this study should be

unlocked to provide reader with essential understanding and common

interpretations of the terminologies presented and discussed for consideration:

Proper Waste Disposal- Includes the processes and actions required

to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the

collection, transport, treatment, and the disposal of waste, together with

monitoring and regulation of the waste management process and waste-related

laws, technologies, economic mechanism.

Wastes – are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any

substance which is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of

no use. A by-product by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic

value. A waste product may become a by-product, joint product or resource

through an invention that raises a waste product’s value above zero.

Barangay Bagontapay - is a barangay in the municipality of M'lang,

in the province of Cotabato. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census

was 7,121. This represented 7.25% of the total population of M'lang.

Environment- It encompasses all living and non-living things

occurring naturally. It also include the interaction of all living species, climate,

weather, and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity.

The environment has the most affected of the problems that humans created .
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Every year, each household generates about 1 ton of trash. The amount is

rising as a result of changing lifestyles and rising affluence, which increase

consumption of fast food and convenience items. Additionally, new packaging

technologies and materials are being created. Packaging garbage makes up

about 25% of the waste in an average household bin. Resources are wasted

when items are thrown out. It wastes money as well as the energy and raw

materials used to produce the goods. Waste disposal can have a significant

negative impact on the environment. Using less resources, less energy, and

saving money are all benefits of waste reduction. There are numerous ways to

reduce waste, and more local governments are implementing programs, including

door-to-door collections for glass, paper, and plastic recycling. There are

numerous additional items that can be recycled. (Green Choices, 2011)

Plastics often emit toxic chemicals like dioxins when burned, which makes

incineration of waste problematic. While the ash from incinerators may include

heavy metals and other contaminants, the gases from incineration may contribute

to acid rain and create air pollution. There are ongoing campaigns against

rubbish incineration as a result of these issues. However, there are operating

plans and garbage can be burned to provide energy. Resources are wasted

when items are thrown out. It wastes money as well as the energy and raw

resources necessary to produce the goods. Reduced waste results in reduced

impact on the environment, less consumption of resources and energy, and cost

saving. (Green Choices, 2011)

According to DENR Chief Acting Secretary Jim Sampulna said solid waste

management remains a major problem for the Philippines mostly due to the

mismanagement of waste segregation at the local level. He said despite the

enactment of Republic Act (RA) 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management

of 2000 that mandates segregation at the barangay level, some local government

units (LGUs) have yet to strictly enforce the law. “The LGUs need to strictly

enforce their solid waste management plan, allot a sufficient budget for the

implementation, and impose proper segregation in their contracts between their

waste collection service providers,” he added. “Instead of specific trash ending up

in materials recovery facilities, composting sites, and hazardous waste treatment

plants, it ends up piling in our scarce sanitary landfills and water bodies, causing

diseases, pollution, drainage obstructions, food contamination, among many

others,” he added. (Sampulna, 2022). It is anticipated that garbage generation in

the Philippines will continue to rise in the coming years. According to the

analysis, the nation's solid waste management challenges include an increase in

the volume of waste, lax enforcement of the law, a dearth of hygienic landfills,

and incorrect disposal. (Coracero, et al, 2021). Improper waste disposal has the

following effects: Contaminated soil not only hinders plant growth but also poses

health risks to people and animals that consume the plants. direct touch with

garbage can cause skin irritation, blood infections, and the spread of bacteria to

open wounds. (Famodulan, 2018)

Modernization and Rapid Population Growths Effect on Waste Management

of the Philippines

The country’s population continues to increase in an accelerating rate and

it is the “sixteenth most populous, out of more than 190 countries” (Magalona and

Malayang 2001: 65). The Philippines` population exhibited a huge increase from

27 million in the 1960s to 88.57 million in 2007 (Espaldon and Baltazar 2004;

NSO 2011). The annual population growth rate was 2.04 % for the period 2000-

2007 (NSO 2011). Along with the growing population, the country's rapid

urbanization also adds to the garbage issue. About 63% (51.8 million) of the 82.8

million people who called the country home in 2005 resided in urban areas. Only

42 capital cities or urban agglomerations existed in 2000. However, it is

anticipated that between 2005 and 2015, capital cities or urban agglomerations

will develop by an average of 28%. And it is predicted that by 2030, 85 million

people, or almost 70% of the population, will live in cities (Figure 1). 20% of the

urban population of the nation lives below the poverty level (UN Millenium

Indicators Database 1997 as cited in Mangahas 2006). Within the next few years,

it is anticipated that waste generation will also increase rapidly as population

growth continues and socioeconomic development in the nation advances.

Environmental Governance towards Sustainable Waste Management (Table 1)

(NSWMC 2005a).
 The terrible poverty and lack of opportunity in the rural areas have

compelled rural residents to look for a better life in the cities. The development of

the local and regional economies is hampered by the country's infrastructure,

which is primarily geared toward the NCR. Metro Manila (or the NCR) and other

urban cities are experiencing unmanaged urbanization, which is causing a

number of issues for the nation, including pollution, a lack of clean water, high

rates of unemployment and crime, the emergence of squatters, traffic congestion,

and ineffective waste disposal. (Mangahas 2006).

Environmental Governance towards Sustainable Waste Management

Environmental governance refers to the procedures and frameworks that

coordinate the various aspects of solid waste management, including the policy

regulators, the various organizations, the community, and the necessary

technology, in developing nations, particularly the Philippines. (Figure 5) (Atienza,

2009). Transparency (the availability of information such as ordinances, rules,

and regulations through IEC), participation, and accountability (or the sense of

responsibility or ownership by the various stakeholders) are among the elements

of good governance. These stakeholders must also make a conscious effort to

solve problems. Effectiveness, sustainability, and duplicability are qualities of

good solid waste management. Leaders and law enforcers of the waste

management programs are the policy regulators, which include the national

government and LGUs. A crucial stakeholder in the execution of waste

management initiatives is the neighborhood or the local populace (households).

In order to handle the issues with solid waste management in the nation, it is

crucial to choose the suitable technology depending on the situation and the

resources that are already available. Two categories of technology exist:

"hardware" (equipment, facilities, systems, etc.) and software. (waste

minimization, users fee, manpower development, information dissemination, etc.)

(Ogawa 1989: 72 as cited in Ocenar 2001: 4).

 Poor waste management directly impacts numerous habitats and species

as well as air pollution and climate change. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas

linked to climate change, is released by landfills, which are the last resort in the

waste hierarchy. Microorganisms in landfills convert biodegradable waste,

including food, paper, and yard waste, into methane. Landfills may contaminate

soil and water depending on how they are constructed. Waste is gathered,

transported, and then treated. Air pollutants, such as particulate matter, and

carbon dioxide, the most common greenhouse gas, are released into the

atmosphere during transportation. The garbage may be recycled or burned in

part. Heat or electricity can be generated from waste, which could then take the

place of energy produced using coal or other fuels. Waste energy recovery can

therefore aid in lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Recycling can further

contribute to reducing other emissions as well as greenhouse gas emissions.

Fewer new materials need to be mined or manufactured in the first place when
recycled resources take the place of new ones. Waste has a negative impact on

our health and wellbeing in a variety of ways, whether directly or indirectly. For

example, methane gases contribute to climate change, air pollutants are released

into the atmosphere, freshwater sources are contaminated, crops are grown in

contaminated soil, and fish ingest toxic chemicals, which then end up on our

dinner plates. (European Environmental Agency, 2014).

It is crucial to support awareness-raising campaigns that provide the right

information to the public so that they can comprehend the goals of the policies.

As was discussed earlier, the issue of waste management is not just about waste

but also about how people's lifestyles change over time and their ongoing quest

for a better life. As a result, solving the waste management problem involves not

only environmental challenges but also economic and social ones. Therefore, to

achieve sound waste management and a sustainable recycling industry, the

application of excellent governance through the involvement of many

stakeholders, robust awareness campaigns, and promotion and replication of

new and relevant technologies are required. (Atienza, 2011)

 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm

Barangay Bagontapay Waste

Disposal Problem
 Lock of Public Awareness Waste Pollution on the
 Insufficient Investment in Environment
Waste Management
 Lack of Proper Machinery

Figure 1 presents the conceptual framework of the study. It consists of two

variables, waste disposal problems as an independent variable and perceived

effects on the environment as the dependent variable

The figure 1 presents a conceptual framework for the study on “The

Perceived Effects of Waste Disposal Problems to the Households of the

Residents of Barangay Bagontapay." This framework centers around the

examination of the independent variable, which is the waste disposal problem in

the area. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of this problem on

the dependent variable, which represents the effects of the waste disposal issues

on the households of the residents in Barangay Bagontapay. The framework

aims to highlight the relationship between the waste disposal problem and its

effects on the households, providing a comprehensive understanding of the

issue.