TESTS OF HYPOTHESIS

Hypotheses Testing
v It is a decision-making process for
evaluating claims about a population.

v It is a conjecture about a population

parameter. This conjecture may or may
not be true.
2 Types of Hypotheses:
v The null hypothesis, symbolizes by 𝐻" , is a
statistical hypothesis that states that there is no
difference between a parameter and a
specific value, or that there is no difference
between two parameters.

v The alternative hypothesis, symbolized by

𝐻# 𝑜𝑟 𝐻& , is a statistical hypothesis that states
that the existence of a difference between a
parameter and a specific value, or states that
there is a difference between two parameters.
vThe Directional and Nondirectional
Testing

vThe P-value method

vThe confidence interval method

 The Directional Testing
The directional claim or assertion holds that a
population parameter is greater than (>), at least (≥),
no more than (≤), or less than (<) some quantity.

Example: A supplier claims that no more than 20% of

the sardines cans are dented.

Null hypothesis: 𝑯𝟎 : 𝒑 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎

Alternative Hypothesis: 𝑯𝟏 : 𝒑 > 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎

 The Nondirectional Testing
A nondirectional claim or assertion states that a
parameter is equal to some quantity.

Example: Titus claims 35% of his transit riders are

senior citizens.

Null hypothesis: 𝑯𝟎 : 𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓

Alternative hypothesis: 𝑯𝟏 : 𝒑 ≠ 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓
Exercise 1: Write the null and
alternative hypothesis

“Average tire life is 35,000 miles.”

𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁 = 𝟑𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 ≠ 𝟑𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
Exercise 2: Write the null and
alternative hypothesis

“Average tire life is at least 35,000 miles.”

𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁 ≥ 𝟑𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 < 𝟑𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Exercise 3: Write the null and
alternative hypothesis

“Average tire life is no more than 35,000 miles.”

𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁 ≤ 𝟑𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 > 𝟑𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

q Ana insists that she is 28 years old when in fact, she
is 30 years old. What error is Ana committing?

Answer: Ana is rejecting the truth. She is committing a

Type I error.

q Helen believes that she has a negative result for a

RT-PCR test, when in fact, she is positive. What is the
type of error in the situation?

Answer: This is a type II error because she perceives

the result of the test as negative, though incorrect.
 Test 𝜶 0.01 0.05

One-tailed ±2.33 ±1.645

Two-tailed ±2.575 ±1.96

ACTIVITY TIME