HI!

WELCOME TO
STATISTICS 8
CLASS
MS. KYLA ZORNOSA
PRE-SERVICE TEACHER
Review
 STATISTICS 8

Normal
Distribution
Today's Agenda

Normal Distribution
Standard Normal Curve
Notations
Z-Scores
Emperical Rule
 At the end of this
lesson, I am expected
to:
1. Describe the normal
Lesson distributions and their
properties;
Objectives 2. I can draw a normal
curve and;
3. I can discuss the
standard normal
distribution and standard
scores.
What is a Normal Distribution?
What is a Normal Distribution?
is a probability distribution of
continuous random variables. Many random
variables are either normally distributed or,
at least approximately normally distributed.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
&
ITS PROPERTIES
A normal distribution is a bell – shaped
curve as portrayed by the figure below.

mean
A normal distribution is symmetric with
respect to the mean μ.
 A normal distribution is symmetric with
respect to the mean μ.
The total area at the … which is equal to
left of the mean is 0.5 the total area at the
right of the mean.

 A normal distribution is symmetric with

respect to the mean μ.
The total area at the … which is equal to
left of the mean is 0.5 the total area at the
right of the mean.

The total area in the normal distribution under the curve is equal to 1.
The set of all realized values of the random
variable is the entire number line.
The set of all realized values of the random
variable is the entire number line.

All values of X on the number line are given a density

The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis or
the horizontal line.
 The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis or
the horizontal line.
This curve approaches
but never touches…

…this horizontal line

 The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis or
the horizontal line.
This curve approaches
but never touches…

…this horizontal line

The value of the variable gets closer and closer but will never be equal to 0.
The shape of the normal distribution is affected
by (along with μ) by the standard deviation σ.
With large σ means the distribution is more
dispersed around the center.

μ
 The shape of the normal distribution is affected
by (along with μ) by the standard deviation σ.
With large σ means the distribution is more
dispersed around the center.

μ
Between the two normal curve, the one at the left has greater
standard deviation.
 The mean, median, and mode are equal. This
means that to determine if the data are
normally distributed the measures of central
tendency can be the bases.
The curve is unimodal. The highest point on the curve
occurs at x = µ (mean).
The curve is unimodal. The highest point on the curve
occurs at x = µ (mean).
 The curve is unimodal. The highest point on the curve
occurs at x = µ (mean).

The value of the population mean (μ) dictates the

position of the normal curve. If the mean increases,
the normal curve follows the value of the mean and it
moves to the right. If the mean decreases, the curve
moves to the left.
EXAMPLE:
Suppose the mean is 60 and the
standard deviation is 5, sketch a
normal curve for the distribution. This
is how it would look like.
 Try This!
The trunk diameter of a
certain variety of pine tree is
normally distributed with a mean
of μ=150cm, and a standard
deviation of σ=30cm. Sketch a
normal curve for the distribution.
 Standard Normal Curve
The standard normal curve is a probability distribution that has a
mean μ=0 and standard deviation σ=1.

In standard normal distribution, the

values at the horizontal axis are
called standard scores.
 NOTATIONS
In shading the regions under the normal curve, you must be
aware of the equality and inequality symbols.
 NOTATIONS
In shading the regions under the normal curve, you must be
aware of the equality and inequality symbols.
Figure 1.1 P(Z > 1)
Figure 1.2 P(Z < 1)
Figure 1.3 P(0 < Z < 1)
Figure 1.4 P(1 < Z < 2)
Figure 1.5 P(-1 < Z < 0)
Figure 1.6 P(Z < -1)
 NOTATIONS
In shading the regions under the normal curve, you must be
aware of the equality and inequality symbols.
 NOTATIONS
In shading the regions under the normal curve, you must be
aware of the equality and inequality symbols.
 Try This!
A continuous random variable Z is normally
distributed with a mean of 45 and standard
deviation of 6. Illustrate a normal curve of
the following:
a. P (39 < Z < 51) c. P (Z > 45)
b. P (33 < Z < 63) d. P (Z < 39)
 Symmetry under the normal curve

This unshaded part has This shaded part has an area

an area of 0.5 of 0.5
Symmetry under the normal curve
By symmetry, the two
shaded region have the
same area
 Let’s have
example no. 1
z = 0 & z = 0.76
 Let’s have
example no. 1
z = 0 & z = 0.76
 Let’s have
example no. 1
z = 0 & z = 0.76
 Let’s have
example no. 1
z = 0 & z = 0.76

Thus the area bound by

z = 0 & z = 0.76 is 0.2764
 Let’s have
example no. 1
z = 0 & z = 0.76

The area of this

shaded part is
0.2764

Thus the area bound by

z = 0 & z = 0.76 is 0.2764
Let’s have example no. 2
z = 0 & z = 1.37
 Let’s have example no. 2
z = 0 & z = 1.37
The area of this
shaded part is
0.4147

Thus the area bound by z = 0 & z = 1.37 is 0.4147

Let’s have example no. 3
z = 0 & z = −1.44
Let’s have example no. 3
z = 0 & z = −1.44
The area of this
shaded part is
0.4251

The area of this shaded part is 0.4251

 Try This!
1. z = 0 & z = 1.26
2. z = 0 & z = 0.41
Let’s have example no. 4
P(z>1.9)
Let’s have example no. 4
P(z>1.9) This is the required
area.

We know by using table that the area between z = 0

& z = 1.9 is 0.4713. Also, we know that area of the
entire right of the normal curve is 0.5.
Let’s have example no. 4

Therefore, the required area is

0.5 – 0.4713 = 0.0287
Let’s have example no. 5
P(z>−1.23)
Let’s have example no. 5
This is the required
P(z>−1.23) area.

−1.23) 0
We know by using table that the area between z = 0
& z = −1.23 is 0.3907. Also, we know that area of
the entire right of the normal curve is 0.5.
 Let’s have example no. 5

Therefore, the required area is 0.3907 + 0.5 = 0.8907

Let’s have example no. 6
P(0.93 < z < 1.8)
Let’s have example no. 6
This is the required
P(0.93 < z < 1.8) area.

0 0.93 1.8
We know by using table that the area between z = 0
& z = 1.8 is 0.4641. Also, the area between z = 0
& z = 0.93 is 0.3238.
Let’s have example no. 6

Therefore, the required area is

0.4641 - 0.3238. = 0.1373
 Try This!
1. P(−1.17 < z < 2.03)
2.P(1.10 < z < 2.17)
Z - SCORES
 Z-SCORES
The z – scores are used to locate a
value of X (a raw score or a value of
random variable) within a population or
distribution.
The areas (and hence, probabilities)
under normal curve are given in terms
of z – scores.
Given a normal random variable X
with mean (µ) and standrad deviation
(σ), each value of x of the variable
can be transformed into z-scores using
the formula,
 Z-SCORES
The z – scores are used to locate a
value of X (a raw score or a value of
random variable) within a population or
distribution.
where:
The areas (and hence, probabilities)
under normal curve are given in terms z = z- score or standard score
of z – scores.
x = observed value
Given a normal random variable X
with mean (µ) and standrad deviation µ = mean
(σ), each value of x of the variable
can be transformed into z-scores using
σ= standard deviation
the formula,
From raw scores x
to z - scores
In our normal distribution, the horizontal
axis is allotted for our random variable
(or raw scores) X.
After “converting” X to z - scores, we
will obtain a “transformed” normal
distribution. In this case, the horizontal
axis is no longer allotted for X Instead,
the axis is now allotted for z.
The z –score determines a raw score’s
distance from the center (i.e. mean) in
terms of standard deviation.
The “transformed” normal distribution
is called the standard normal
distribution.
 “Empirical Rule”
(68.26% - 95.44% - 99.74% rule)
Area under the normal curve:
0.6826
Under the normal curve, the
area between Z=−1 & Z=1 is
about 0.6826. In terms of
probability, we have
P(−1 < Z < 1) = 0.6826. This
means that in a normally
distributed population, the
probability of getting a randomly
chosen individual with a z –
score between -1 and 1 is
68.26%.
 “Empirical Rule”
(68.26% - 95.44% - 99.74% rule)
This green portion has an
Area under the normal curve: area of 0.6826. This
0.6826 signifies that 68.26% of
Under the normal curve, the the population can be
area between Z=−1 & Z=1 is found within the interval.
about 0.6826. In terms of
probability, we have
P(−1 < Z < 1) = 0.6826. This
means that in a normally
distributed population, the
probability of getting a randomly
chosen individual with a z –
score between -1 and 1 is
68.26%.
 “Empirical Rule”
(68.26% - 95.44% - 99.74% rule)
Area under the normal curve:
0.9544
Under the normal curve, the
area between Z = −2 & Z = 2
is about 0.9544. In terms of
probability, we have
P(−2 < Z < 2) = 0.9544. This
means that in a normally
distributed population, the
probability of getting a randomly
chosen individual with a z –
score between -2 and 2 is
95.44%.
 “Empirical Rule”
(68.26% - 95.44% - 99.74% rule)
This green portion has an
Area under the normal curve: area of 0.9544. This
0.9544 signifies that 95.44% of
Under the normal curve, the the population can be
area between Z = −2 & Z = 2 found within the interval.
is about 0.9544. In terms of
probability, we have
P(−2 < Z < 2) = 0.9544. This
means that in a normally
distributed population, the
probability of getting a randomly
chosen individual with a z –
score between -2 and 2 is
95.44%.
 “Empirical Rule”
(68.26% - 95.44% - 99.74% rule)
Area under the normal curve:
0.9974
Under the normal curve, the
area between Z= −3 & Z= 3 is
about 0.9974. In terms of
probability, we have P(−3 < Z <
3) = 0.9974. This means that
in a normally distributed
population, the probability of
getting a randomly chosen
individual with a z – score
between -3 and 3 is 99.74%.
 “Empirical Rule”
(68.26% - 95.44% - 99.74% rule)
This green portion has an
Area under the normal curve: area of 0.9974. This
0.9974 signifies that 99.74% of
Under the normal curve, the the population can be
area between Z= −3 & Z= 3 is found within the interval.
about 0.9974. In terms of
probability, we have P(−3 < Z <
3) = 0.9974. This means that
in a normally distributed
population, the probability of
getting a randomly chosen
individual with a z – score
between -3 and 3 is 99.74%.
 Example
A national examination was administered to every secondary schools in
Philippines. The scores of the students of the ABC Academy has a
mean of 82 and standard deviation of 5. Compute the z – score of
the following students in the academy. Assume that the scores of the
students in the said academy are normally distributed.
Student A B C D

Student (x) 75 80 88 95
 SOLUTION
In the problem, we have μ=82 & σ=5.
Following the formula: , we have
 SUMMARY
This tells us that in the ABC Academy …
About 68.26% of the students has a
score between 77 and 87.
About 95.44% of the students has a
score between 72 and 92.
About 99.74% of the students has a
score between 67 and 97. So, almost
everyone in the academy has a score
that can be found in this range.
convert random variable X
into z – scores
 convert random variable X
into z – scores
Example 1:
A certain type of battery has a mean shelf life of 600 days with a
standard deviation of 28 days. Assume that the shelf life of the batteries
are normally distributed.
a. What is the probability that the shelf life of the battery is over 630
days?
b. What is the probability that the shelf life of the battery is between 520
and 550 days?
 SOLUTION
a. We are concerned with the probability of a randomly selected battery to
have a shelf life of over 630 days.
 SOLUTION
a. We are concerned with the probability of a randomly selected battery to
have a shelf life of over 630 days. That is, P(X > 630). In the problem,
we have μ = 600 & σ = 28. We need to “convert” first X to z – score.
The z – score of X = 630 is:

Hence, P(X > 630) becomes P(z > 1.07). This is equal to 0.5− 0.3577= 0.1423.
Therefore, the required probability is 0.1423 or 14.23%
 SOLUTION
b. We are concerned with the probability of a randomly selected battery to
have a shelf life between 520 and 550 days. That is, P(520 < X < 550).

Hence, P(520 < X < 550)

becomes P(−2.86 < z< −1.79).
This is equal to 0.4979 −
0.4633 = 0.0346. Therefore,
the required probability is
0.0346 or 3.46%
 Try This!
The length of a tube received by a
certain laboratory have a mean of 4.62
inches and a standard deviation of 0.23
inches.
a. What percentage of all these rubes
are longer than 5.00 inches?
b. What percentage of the tubes are
between 4.35 and 4.85 inches long?
 SOLUTION
a. P(X > 5.00)

Hence, P(X>5.00) = P(z>1.65). This is equal to

0.5000−0.4505=0.0495. Therefore, the required probability is
0.0495 or 4.95% of the tubes are longer than 5.00 inches.
 SOLUTION
b. P(4.35 < X < 4.85)

Hence, P(4.35 < X< 4.85) = P(-1.17 < z < 1).

This is equal to 0.3790 -0.3414 = 0.0376.
Therefore, the required probability is 0.0376 or 3.76%
 Example 2
The efficiency rating of 300 faculty members of a certain college were taken and
resulted in a mean rating of 86 with a standard deviation of 4.25. Assuming that
the set of data are approximately normally distributed, determine the following:

a. The number of faculty members that have an efficiency rating of greater than
86?
b. The number of faculty members that have an efficiency rating of greater than
80?
c. The number of faculty members that have an efficiency rating of between 80
to 90?
 SOLUTION
a. P(X > 86) b. P(X > 80)

0.5(300) = 150 faculty 0.0793(300) = 24 faculty

members members
 SOLUTION
c. P(80 < X < 90)

0.0943(300) = 28 faculty members

 Try This!
The monthly salaries in a company with 5000
employees are normally distributed. The mean
salary is P 8,100 with a standard deviation of
P1000. Assuming the normality of the monthly
salaries, then determine the following:
a. The number of employees receiving a monthly
salaries more than P9000?
b. The number of employees receiving a monthly
salaries less than P7000?
c. The number of employees earning a monthly
income between P6000 to 10000.
 ASSIGNMENT!
A. Anticipation-Reaction Guide. Complete the table by putting check as to
AGREE or DISGAREE on the corresponding columns for the following statements.

B. Solve for the area required.

1. P(−2.14 < z < -0.03)
 ASSIGNMENT!
solve the following problems. Show all pertinent solutions.
In the past algebra classes, records show that the average score of the
students in mid-term exam was computed to be equal to 83.5 with a
standard deviation of 4.82. If there are 50 students in a particular class,
then assuming the normality of the distribution, how many of the students
are expected to have a mid-term score of:
a. above 83.5?
b. below 70?
c. above 90?
d. between 75 to 85?
Thank you for
listening!
 Reference:
General Statistics 3rd
edition, pp. 95-99
Probability and Statistical
Concepts: An Introduction,
pp. 139-149