GROUP 4

BRIDGE

GIRDERS
CEC 002 - CEC32S4
 GROUP 4

CONTENT
01 INTRODUCTION / WORK

02 MATERIALS

03 TYPES

04 METHODS

05 EQUIPMENTS
INTRODUCTION GROUP 4

WHAT IS GRIDERS AND HOW IT WORKS?

Girder bridges are the simplest bridge type
in structure and consist of steel beams
shaped to an I-section or box section,
called a plate girder bridge or a box girder
bridge, respectively. Girder bridges are
comprised of deck slabs, on which vehicles
and people pass, and of main girders
supporting the deck slabs.
 DIFFERENCE
GROUP 4

The difference between a girder and a beam,

and that difference is simply size. Girders
GIRDERS BEAMS
are large horizontal beams that act as the
primary support for a building, to which all
other smaller beams are connected, forming
the structure’s “skeleton.” That’s the easiest
way to picture the difference: girders are
oversized beams. In fact, all girders are
beams, but not all beams are girders.
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WHAT IS THE MAIN USE OF BRIDGE GIRDER?
It is used for modern elevated structures of
light rail transport. Box girders are used for
the construction of a cable-supported
bridge, curved bridge, and footbridges. It is
rarely used in buildings, but they may be
used in special circumstances, such as
when loads are carried eccentrically to the
beam axis.
 MATERIALS GROUP 4

STEEL

is commonly used in the bridge

superstructure for armoring
expansion joints, beams, bearings,
floor beams, girders, reinforcing
bars in concrete, traffic barriers
and trusses.
 MATERIALS GROUP 4

CARBON
STEEL
Carbon steels are a series of alloys
of carbon and iron containing up to
about 1% carbon and up to 1.65%
Mn, with elements added in specific
quantities for deoxidization and
residual quantities of other
elements.
 MATERIALS GROUP 4

HEAT-TREATED
CARBON STEEL
Heat-treated carbon steel has incredible
strength that's derived from altering
steel's physical properties through
strategic heating and cooling. This type
of steel is widely used in bridge
construction and other large projects
due to its increased ductility and tensile
strength.
 MATERIALS GROUP 4

STAINLESS
STEEL
Stainless steel is known for its strength,
aesthetic appeal, and corrosion resistance
properties. These features have played a
pivotal role in the widespread use of
stainless steel in bridges. Long-span
bridges, highway bridges, pedestrian
bridges, and even railroad bridges have
become increasingly reliant on stainless
steel.
 MATERIALS GROUP 4

WEATHERING
STEEL

Weathering steel is a type of steel

with enhanced resistance to
elements of corrosion. This steel has
a rustic appearance that allows it to
blend seamlessly with the immediate
environment.
 MATERIALS GROUP 4

CONCRETE

a composite material composed

of fine and coarse aggregate
bonded together with a fluid
cement that hardens over time.
 MATERIALS GROUP 4

CEMENT

is a binder, a substance used in

construction that sets and hardens
and can bind other materials
together.
 MATERIALS GROUP 4

WATER

is used for both the mixing process

as well as during curing.
 MATERIALS GROUP 4

AGGREGATE

are inert granular materials such as

sand, gravel, or crushed stone that,
along with water and portland
cement, are an essential ingredient
in concrete.
 TYPES GROUP 4

Rolled Steel Girder Bridge

This type of girder bridge is done to
create a standard beam and wide flange
beams that has the length of up to 100
feet, it is fabricated by rolling a blank
cylinder of steel through a series of dies
to create the designed shape of the
beam.
 TYPES GROUP 4

Plate Girder Bridge

This type of girder bridge has great
flexibility in terms of height and shape
and it’s span can ranges from 10 meters
or even more than 100 meters.It is
fabricated by welding plates together to
create the designed shape, in addition
the large steel plates are cut into the
flanges and webs depends on the desired
thickness, length and shape.
 TYPES GROUP 4

Box Girder Bridge

This type of girder bridge has a box like
shape, it offers high resistance to torsion
and is used when a bridge is submitted to
torsion and toppling effects.
 TYPES GROUP 4

Truss Girder Bridge

The girder for these bridges is made up of
several connected triangles which is
called truss. A truss is a structure that
consists of a collection of structural
elements connected at pin joints or
nodes. When compared to other steel
girder bridge types, they can be more
affordable and are frequently used for
longer spans.
 TYPES GROUP 4

I- Girder Bridge
The girder on these bridges is shaped like
a "I," with flanges on the top and bottom
joined by a web in the center. An I-beam
used as a girder has tapered flanges with
a narrower flange than most wide flange
girders, making it a lighter building
material. Since they are simple to
fabricate and install, they are frequently
used for shorter spans.
 METHODOLOGY GROUP 4

This method involves This method involves Steel girders are another
pouring concrete into casting the girders off-site popular choice for bridge
formwork placed on-site to and then transporting construction. They can be
either fabricated off-site
create the bridge girders. them to the bridge site for
and transported to the
The formwork is typically installation. Precast girders
bridge site, or they can be
made of steel or wood, are often used for bridges fabricated on-site. Steel
and it is designed to the that have long spans or girders are often used for
specific dimensions of the that require quick bridges with large spans
girders. construction times. and heavy loads.

Cast-in-Place Precast Concrete

Steel Girders
Concrete Girders Girders

1 2 3
 METHODOLOGY GROUP 4

Composite girders are a Cable-stayed girders use Arch girders use an arch
combination of steel and cables to support the to support the bridge
concrete, with the steel deck. The arch can be
weight of the bridge deck.
acting as the reinforcing made of concrete or steel,
The cables are attached to
material and the concrete and the girders are
tall pylons, and the girders attached to the arch. This
providing the strength.
They are commonly used are suspended from the design is often used for
for bridges that need to cables. This design is bridges that need to span
withstand heavy loads and commonly used for long- large distances and have a
have long spans. span bridges. high clearance.

Composite Girders Cable-Stayed Girders Arch Girders

4 5 6
 EQUIPMENT GROUP 4

STRAND JACKS
Hydraulic strand jacks provide an
effective solution for lifting
bridge segments into position. In
addition to construction, they
can also be used in
decommissioning projects –
supporting the weight of bridge
spans as they are disconnected
from the main structure
 EQUIPMENT GROUP 4

HYDRAULIC TORQUE WRENCHES

Hydraulic torque wrenches and
tensioners are vital tools in
bridge construction, furnishing
precise torque for the final
induction of precast spans and
steel box beams. These tools are
also beneficial in demolition by
efficiently loosening bolted
connections between bridge
sections.
 EQUIPMENT GROUP 4

LOW-HEIGHT HYDRAULIC
CYLINDERS
Low-height hydraulic cylinders
are superior for lifting large
bridge spans and replacing
bearings and other components.
Despite their small size, these
powerful tools can fit into small
openings underneath the bridge
structure.
 EQUIPMENT GROUP 4

BRIDGE BEAM / GRID

LAUNCHER
Beam / Grid Launcher is used in the
erection of precast beam bridges for
span by span method of construction
for precast beam girders like U-beam,
T-beam, I-beam, etc. Designed for
precast beam assembly without crane
assistance the Beam Launcher is
widely used for plain construction, can
also meet the requirement for
mountain building highway slope, small
radius curved bridge, skew bridge and
tunnel bridge.
 EQUIPMENT GROUP 4

GANTRY CRANES
Gantry cranes can be equipped to lift
precast beams, or a single crane with
double spreaders to lift precast
beams. This gantry crane for bridge
construction is mainly used to lift and
move the precast beam from the
beam-making platform to the beam
storage platform.
 EQUIPMENT GROUP 4

SEGMENT LIFTER
Segment lifter can be best utilized for
Balanced cantilever construction
where pre-casting is possible and the
segment can be transported below the
span. It incorporates two primary
hydraulic systems providing both
lifting of segments and moving of the
frame itself during construction when
high lifting speeds are required,
tandem lifting units or winch systems
are utilised on segment lifter.
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