~ ~ ~ ~~

S T D - N A T O S T A N A G 4190 E D 2 - E N G L 1798 E b b 5 4 9 4 0 0 0 7 8 b 4 4 341 M

NATO/PP UNCLASSIFIED

STANAG No. 4190

(Edition 2)

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

(NATO)

MILITARY AGENCY FOR STANDARDIZATION

(MAS)

STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT
(STANAG)

SUBJECT: TEST PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING BEHIND-ARMOUR

EFFECTS OF ANTI-ARMOUR AMMUNITION

Promulgated on 5 November 1998

Chairman, M A S

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NATO/Pff UNCLASSIFIED
Copyright North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Provided by IHS under license with NATO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 S T D - N A T O S T A N A G 4170 E D 2 - E N G L 1 7 9 8 Ib b 5 4 9 4 0 O078bY5 2 8 8

NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

ORGANISATION DU TRAITE DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD

MILITARY AGENCY FOR STANDARDIZATION(MAS)

BUREAU MILITAIRE DE STANDARDISATION (BMS)
111O BRUSSELS

Tel : 707.43.02
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5 November 1998 MAS1417-LAND/4190

-
STANAG 4190 LAND (EDITION 2) TEST PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING BEHIND-
ARMOUR EFFECTS OF ANTI-ARMOUR AMMUNITION

Reference:
a. AC/225-D/1393, AC/225(Panel lll)D/370 dated 28 June 1996 (Edition 2)(lS'Draft)
b. MAS/303-LAND/4190 dated 28 November 1989 (Edition I)

I. The enclosed NATO Standardization Agreement which has been ratified by

nations as reflected in page iii is promulgated herewith.

2. The references listed above are to be destroyed in accordance with local

document destruction procedures.

3. AAP-4 should be amended to reflect the latest status of the STANAG (and AP if
applicable).

ACTION BY NATIONAL STAFFS

4. National staffs are requested to examine page i¡¡ of the STANAG and, if they have
not already done so, advise the Defence Support Division, IS,through their national
delegation as appropriate of their intention regarding its ratification and implementation.

Chairman MAS

Enclosure:
STANAG 4 190 (Edition 2)

-1-
417E-98CT4190(rnv)
NATOIPfP U NCLASSIFIED
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 NATO/PfP U NCLASSI FIED
--`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

EXPLANATORY NOTES

AGREEMENT

I. This NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) is promulgated by the Chairman MAS

under the authority vested in him by the NATO Military Committee.

2. No departure may be made from the agreement without consultation with the tasking
authority. Nations may propose changes at any time to the tasking authority where they will be
processed in the same manner as the original agreement.

3. Ratifying nations have agreed that national orders, manuals and instructions implementing
this STANAG will include a reference to the STANAG number for purposes of identification.

DEFINITIONS

4. Ratification is "In NATO Standardization, the fulfilment by which a member nation formally
accepts, with or without reservation, the content of a Standardization Agreement" (AAPS).

5. Imolementation is "In NATO Standardization, the fulfilment by a member nation of its

obligations as specified in a StandardizationAgreement'' (AAP-6).

6. Reservation is "In NATO Standardization, the stated qualification by a member nation that
describes the part of a Standardization Agreement that it will not implement or will implement only
with limitations" (NIPS).

RATIFICATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND RESERVATIONS

7. Page iii gives the details of ratification and implementation of this agreement. If no details are
shown it signifies that the nation has not yet notified the tasking authority of its intentions. Page iv
(and subsequent) gives details of reservations and proprietary rights that have been stated.

FEEDBACK
8. Any comments concerning this publication should be directed to NATOIMAS - Bvd Leopold III
- I 110 Brussels - BE

- ..II -
NATO/PfP UNC LASS I FIED
Copyright North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Provided by IHS under license with NATO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 S T D - N A T O S T A N A G 4L70 E D 2 - E N G L 1978 H h b 5 4 9 4 0 0 0 7 8 b 4 7 O50 U

NATOIW UNCLASSIFIED

STANAG 4190
(Edition 2)

RATIFK A T I O N AND IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

STADE DE RATIFICATION ET DE MISE EN APPLICATION

NA- NATIONAL RATIFICATION NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION/MISE EN APPLICATION

TION REFERENCE DE LA IMPLEMENTING INTENDED DATE OF DATE IMPLEMENTATION WAS
RATIFICATION NATIONALE DOCUMENT/ IMPLEMENTATION/ ACHIEVED/
DATE PREVUE POUR MISE EN DATE REELLE DE MISE EN
DOCUMENT APPLICATION APPLICATION
NATIONAL DE

--`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
MISE EN NAVY ARMY AIR NAVY ARMY AIR
APPLICATION MER TERRE MER TERRE
BE

CA

DA MA 204-69-S4190/MAM3- 11.98
01322 of/du 21.1.97
FR
GE BMVg-FU SIV2-AZ 03-5140 3.99 3.99
oWdu 26.3.97
GR
IT 31211681197 3.97
of/du 14.5.97 ~

LU BO 4524196 NOT IMPLEMENTING/

ofidu 4.9.96 NE MET PAS EN APPLICATION
NL M 96012 936 11.96 11.96 11.96
of/du 26.11.96
NO FOMAS-l6/9/FO/HST/ELA 1.98 1.98 1.98
ST 4190 of/du 25.3.97
PO

SP

TU TUDEL-97/260

UK

* See reservations overleaf/Voir réserves au verso

+ See comments overleaf/Voir commentaires au verso
X Service(s) implementing/Armées mettant en application

- iii -
NATO/PfP SANS CLASSIFICATION
Copyright North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 STANAG 4 I90
(Edition 2 )

NAVY/ARMY/ AIR

NATO STANDARDISATION AGREEMENT

( S TANAG )
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TEST PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING BEHIND-ARMOUR

EFFECTS OF ANTI-ARMOUR AMMUNITION

Annexes : A. Residual Penetration Measurements

B. Measurement of Distribution of Fragments
C. Other Behind-Armour Effects
Related Documents : S T M A G 4089 Armour Plate Configuration for Anti-
Armour Ammunition Tests
STANAG 4164 Test Procedures for Armour Perforation
Tests of Anti-Armour Ammunition

1. The a b of this agreement is to establish standard techniques for

measuring the effect of a n t i - a m u r amnunition subsequent to a perforation of
an a m o u r target.
AGREEMENT
2. Participating nations agree to use the test procedures defined in this
STANAG for measuring behind-armour effects of anti-armour ammunition.
GENERAL
3. This agreement is divided into 3 annexes:
Annex A describes how residual penetration measurements are made;
Annex B deals with measuring fragment distributions;
Annex C comments on the measurement of other behind-amour effects.
4. Detailed study has shown that all the various techniques in use for
measurement of behind-amour fragment distribution have both advantages and
disadvantages. However, the metallic witness plate technique offers the
considerable advantage of minimising the labour required for measurements,
while yielding sufficiently detailed data for computer-based vulnerability and
lethality assessments when supplemented with suitable data analysis based on
an interpolation scheme. It is recorranendedthat this technique, described in
Annex B, be used, unless there are compelling reasons to select one of the
others.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGREEMENT
5. This STANAG is jmplemented when a nation has issued the necessary
instructions to the establishments concerned putting the procedures detailed
in this agreement into effect.

NATO/PFP UNCLASSIFIED

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 S T D - N A T O STANAG 4190 E D 2 - E N G L 1 9 9 8 M b b 5 4 9 4 0 007db1i9 9 2 3
NATOPFP 1J N C J , * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ E ~ ~

A- 1

ANNEX A t o
STANAG 4 190
(Edition 2)
RESIDUAL PENETRATION MEASUREMENTS

T h i s annex o u t l i n e s t h e procedure f o r r e c o r d i n g t h e p e n e t r a t i o n c a p a b i l i t y of
t h e main residual k i n e t i c energy p e n e t r a t o r pieces or t h e r e s i d u a l shaped
charge jet.
1. Arrangement of Witness P l a t e s .
The witness p l a t e s w i l l be placed behind and p a r a l l e l t o t h e back s u r f a c e of
t h e t a r g e t . The a i r s p a c e between t h e t a r g e t and w i t n e s s p l a t e s w i l l be one
o f t h e following:
a. For shaped charge tests, 50 mm measured a l o n g t h e l i n e of s i g h t
( F i g u r e 1).
b. For tests of k i n e t i c energy p e n e t r a t o r s a t o b l i q u i t i e s less t h a n
or e q u a l t o 60 degrees, 1 0 0 m measured p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e r e a r f a c e
of t h e armour (Figures 2a, 2 b ) .
c. For tests of k i n e t i c energy p e n e t r a t o r s a t o b l i q u i t i e s g r e a t e r
t h a n 60 degrees, 200 mm measured along t h e l i n e of s i g h t (Figure 2c).
d. I f use of t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n described i n Sub-paragraph c above
would cause r i c o c h e t of t h e r e s i d u a l p e n e t r a t o r from t h e w i t n e s s
p l a t e s , t h e witness p l a t e s may be p l a c e d p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e l i n e of
s i g h t (Figure 2 d ) .
In a l l cases, r e p o r t t h e a c t u a l d i s t a n c e between t h e e x i t h o l e i n t h e a m o u r
and t h e e n t r a n c e h o l e i n t h e f i r s t witness p l a t e .
2. Witness P l a t e M a t e r i a l and Geometry.
The witness p l a t e s w i l l be r o l l e d homogeneous a m o u r , purchased under one of
t h e f o u r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s given i n STANAG 4089 b u t w i t h t h e B r i n e l l hardness
f a l l i n g between 275 and 325. Thicknesses of i n d i v i d u a l p l a t e s i n t h e s t a c k
w i l l be 25 nun or more f o r t a r g e t o b l i q u i t i e s less t h a n 60 degrees, and 2 0 mm
or more f o r t a r g e t o b l i q u i t i e s of 60 degrees or g r e a t e r . The t h i c k n e s s of t h e
t o t a l s t a c k of w i t n e s s p l a t e s should be large enough t o c o n t a i n t h e t o t a l
r e s i d u a l path of t h e p e n e t r a t o r w i t h no n o t i c e a b l e bulge on t h e r e a r of t h e
l a s t p l a t e . Care should be t a k e n t o see t h a t t h e w i t n e s s p l a t e s are i n c l o s e
--`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

c o n t a c t with each o t h e r .
3. Hole Depth Measurement.
I n g e n e r a l , t h e major fragment of t h e r e s i d u a l p e n e t r a t o r w i l l p e r f o r a t e a
number of w i t n e s s p l a t e s and t h e n be stopped. The t o t a l r e s i d u a l p e n e t r a t i o n
i s t h e sum of t h e p l a t e t h i c k n e s s e s p e n e t r a t e d p l u s t h e h o l e d e p t h i n t h e l a s t
p l a t e penetrated. T h e h o l e depth i n t h i s p l a t e should be measured
p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e f r o n t s u r f a c e of t h e p l a t e . For an example, see F i g u r e
3a. The measurement is t h e same f o r o b l i q u e and non-oblique t a r g e t s . For
o b l i q u e targets, however, t h e measurement i s t h e n converted t o l i n e - o f - s i g h t
penetration.
Some s i t u a t i o n s may make measurement of h o l e depth d i f f i c u l t . For i n s t a n c e ,
t h e h o l e may be a very shallow trough and t h e f r o n t s u r f a c e deformed, a s shown
i n F i g u r e 3b. Care should be taken t o use t h e undefozmed p o r t i o n of t h e f r o n t
s u r f a c e of t h e w i t n e s s p l a t e as a r e f e r e n c e . I n t h e example shown i n F i g u r e
3c, i t may be impossible t o use a depth micrometer o r similar measuring d e v i c e
due t o t h e s l a n t of t h e c r a t e r . I n t h i s case, i r i s a d v i s a b l e t o s e c t i o n t h e
p l a t e t o get an a c c u r a t e measurement. When t h e r e s i d u a l p e n e t r a t o r becomes
lodged i n t h e h o l e ( F i g u r e 3 d ) , it m u s t e i t h e r be removed ( d r i l l e d o u t ) or t h e
p l a t e s e c t i o n e d . Another p o s s i b l e technique t o use i n t h i s i n s t a n c e i s t o
radiograph t h e residual p e n e t r a t o r i n t h e p l a t e . Measurements can t h e n be
made from t h e radiograph. However, t h i s technique is only a p p l i c a b l e when
there is a large d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e d e n s i t i e s of t h e p e n e t r a t o r and t h e target.

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 --
ANNEX A to
STANAG 4190 A-2
(Edition 2)
If t h e l a s t p l a t e p e n e t r a t e d bulges, t h e n t h e h e i g h t of t h e b u l g e must be
subtracted from t h e measured depth of t h e h o l e ( F i g u r e 3e).
4. Measurement of Hole Geometry.
Wherever p r a c t i c a b l e , measurements should be made of t h e g e Ö Ï t r y of t h e h o l e s
i n t h e witness p l a t e s . The important f e a t u r e s are volume and diameter of t h e
h o l e as f u n c t i o n s of depth i n t h e p l a t e . Diameters may be measured by any of
a v a r i e t y of techniques, eg, u s i n g v e r n i e r callipers or star gauges o r by
s e c t i o n i n g t h e p l a t e , b u t t h e y must be t a k e n s u f f i c i e n t l y below t h e s u r f a c e
t o avoid edge e f f e c t s . I n t h e case of a h o l e with an e l l i p t i c a l c r o s s
s e c t i o n , diameters should be measured i n t h e d i r e c t i o n s of t h e major and minor
axes. Volumes of h o l e s can be measured by f i l l i n g them w i t h a-medium s u c h as
sand o r a l i q u i d , a g a i n t a k i n g t h e measurements corresponding t o t h e
u n d i s t u r b e d s u r f a c e s of t h e p l a t e s . The t e c h n i q u e s adopted w i l l be selected
t o s u i t t h e shape and c h a r a c t e r of t h e h o l e s , which w i l l i n t u r n depend upon
t h e type of munition and t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n of t h e armour.

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 ANNEX A to

STANAG 4 190
(Edition 7)

TRRGET YITNESS PLRTES

E - so --`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

? i g u e 1 shaped Charge

NATOPFP UNCLASSIFIED

A-3
Copyright North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Provided by IHS under license with NATO
- STD.NAT0 S T A N A G 4190 ED 2 - E N G L
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 1998
Not for Resale m bb5'~ïLlO 0078bSL 581 9
 ~ _ _ _

S T D - N A T O S T A N A G Li170 E D 2 - E N G L 1998 II bb54ïLiO 0 0 7 ö b 5 2 Li1B m

NATOPFP UNCLASSIFIED

A-4
ANNEX A to
STANAG 4 190
(Edition 2 )

TRRGET WITNESS PLATES

2 .a

Figure 2 finetic energy Projectile

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NATOPFP UNCLASSIFIED

A-4
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 ~
~

S T D e N A T O S T A N A G 4190 E D 2 - E N G L 1978 U b b 5 4 7 4 0 0 0 7 B b 5 3 3 5 4
plATO/PFP UNCLASSIFIED
I

A-S

ANNEX A to
STANAG 4 190
(Edition 2 )

4 IL/////,
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3 .a

HOLE DEPTH
1

HOLE O

HOLE DEPTH
LA\\\\
9
3.d
e
DEPTH OF PENETRRT I ON-
Fi
A [HOLE DEPTH) -
6

f
3 .e

? i v e 3 Meaiurements of üepth of Roles

NATOPFP ü N CLASSIFIED

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 B-1
ANNEX B to
STANAG 4 190
[Edition 2)

MEASUREMENT OF DISTRIBUTION OF FRAGMENTS

1. Background.
The metallic witness plate technique has been devised to overcome some of the
difficulties of fragment collection in low density media, including the
substantial labour involved in fragment recovery. It sacrifices explicit
measurement of fragment mass and penetration distance in the medium, in return
for a more robust witness pack and data collection which is more amenable to
semi-automated methods.
The witness pack comprises a series of thin parallel metal plates, spaced
apart with expanded polystyrene. No attempt is made to recover any residual
fragments after firing. Instead, measurements are made of the position and
size of each hole in each of the plates.
--`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

All coordinates are measured relative to a datum such that the data readily
yields the spatial distribution and number of fragments penetrating
successively the first plate, the first plus the second plate, and so on.
The full spectrum of weapon and target combinations yields a very wide range
of behind-armour characteristics. It has not proved possible to formulate a
unique design of witness pack to encompass all these characteristics. Instead
a range of configurations has evolvedto meet particular needs. Nevertheless,
there is considerable commonality in these designs, and the recommended design
parameters are set out in Paragraph 3 below.
2. Trial Arrangement.
Witness packs will be mounted behind range targets as shown in Figure 4. For
the zero degree incidence configuration, the use of two witness packs is
possible to separate the fragments near the shotline. To this end, a
cylindrical hole is cut in the first witness pack, the diameter of the hole
being such that the fragments are expected to spread over most of the area
of the second pack.
More generally, in any firing arrangement, a hole of suitable shape and
dimension may be cut in the first and some subsequent plates, if appropriate,
to limit excessive damage and plate distortion stemming from either fragments
or residual kinetic penetrator pieces, which might hamper post-firing
measurements.
The values recommended for dimension A in Figure 4 are based on experience,
taking account of factors such as lateral pack dimensions and density of
fragments. The distances should be appropriate for the majority of firings,
but to suit special circumstances other values may be used.

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 S T D - N A T O S T A N A G 4170 E D 2 - E N G L 1778 bb54940 U078b55 127

NATOPFP UNCI .ASSIFIED

B to
STANAG 4 190
B-2
(Edition 21
3. Recommended Witness Pack.
I n o r d e r t o limit t h e v a r i e t y of witness packs used i n t r i a l s and t o make t h e
subsequent comparison of r e s u l t s easier, t h e following d e s i g n c o n s t r a i n t s have
been set:
a. A l l p l a t e s w i l l be p o s i t i o n e d 25 nmi a p a r t . The s p a c e s between
t h e m w i l l be f i l l e d w i t h expanded polystyrene, with an average d e n s i t y
of 15 kg/cubic metre.
b. Only aluminium (Grade 1200 Temper H 1 4 or e q u i v a l e n t ) and mild
steel (Grade Fe 430A o r e q u i v a l e n t ) w i l l be used f o r p l a t e s . The
recommended mechanical p r o p e r t i e s f o r each of these materials are:
aluminium, u l t i m a t e t e n s i l e s t r e n g t h 1 0 5 t o 1 4 0 MPa, e l o n g a t i o n 5%
minimurn; mild steel, u l t i m a t e t e n s i l e s t r e n g t h 430 t o 580 ma, y i e l d
s t r e n g t h (0.2% o f f s e t ) 275 MPa minimum, e l o n g a t i o n 17%minhum. Should
it n o t be p o s s i b l e t o provide material w i t h these p r o p e r t i e s , t h e
u l t i m a t e t e n s i l e s t r e n g t h , y i e l d s t r e n g t h , and e l o n g a t i o n should be
measured and recorded. (Note: Mild steel Fe 4 3 0 A i s a p p a r e n t l y
becoming d i f f i c u l t t o o b t a i n . It is thought t h a t BS1449 (1991) Grade
4, Rolled Condition CR, i s a s u i t a b l e , e a s i l y available, a l t e r n a t i v e ,
b u t t h e UK i s t o conduct t r i a l s t o v e r i f y t h i s . )
c. Where both m a t e r i a l s are used, a l l aluminium p l a t e s w i l l precede
t h e f i r s t steel p l a t e .
d. The a r e a l d e n s i t y of s u c c e s s i v e p l a t e s i n t h e pack w i l l n o t
decrease.
e. Aluminium p l a t e s , where used, w i l l be between 1 . 0 and 3.2 mm
thick. S t e e l p l a t e s , where used, w i l l be between 0.8 and 12.7 mm
thick.
f. N o more t h a n t h r e e d i f f e r e n t t h i c k n e s s e s of each p l a t e m a t e r i a l
w i l l be used i n any witness pack.
For i l l u s t r a t i v e purposes an example of a p r a c t i c a l c o n s t r u c t i o n t h a t meets
t h e above c o n s t r a i n t s i s shown a t Figure 5.
4. Measurements.
Hole p o s i t i o n s ( i n t h e witness p l a t e s ) m u s t be measured w i t h r e s p e c t to t h e
p o i n t of emergence of t h e p e n e t r a t o r f r o m t h e r e a r s u r f a c e of t h e a m o u r . I n
p r a c t i c e , t h e c e n t r o i d of each p e r f o r a t i o n and i t s a s s o c i a t e d a r e a w i l l be
recorded i n a l o c a l frame of r e f e r e n c e f o r each p l a t e . T h e r e l a t i o n of each
p l a t e ' s l o c a l frame of r e f e r e n c e t o t h e source of fragments w i l l a l s o be
measured and recorded. The source of fragments w i l l be i n t e r p r e t e d t o be t h e
c e n t r e of t h e e x i t h o l e i n t h e r e a r s u r f a c e of t h e t a r g e t .
--`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 ~~ ~ ~~

S T D . N A T 0 S T A N A G 9 1 9 0 E D 2-ENGL 1 9 9 8 m bb549L10 0 0 7 ö b 5 b Ob3

--`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

8-3
ANNEX B to
STANAG 4 190
[Edition 2)

WITNESS PACKS

TARGET

I A I
I
R
I

RECO!áHENDED V X U E Of FI:
SOOmm FOR S W E û CtOiiRGES RNC KJNfTlC ENERSY
7-
PROJECTILES U p TD 40mn; CRLIBRE
-mm FOR K J f i I C ENERGY pSiOJECTIE5 OF
4Dma CRLIBRE OR ERERTER

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 S T D - N A T O S T A N A G 4190 E D 2 - E N G L 1998 D bb5q940 0078657 T T T
J4ATOPFP m m
8-4

ANNEX B to
STAN AG 4 190
(Edition 2 )

- -
y m m STEEL PLATE
--`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

25mp STYROFOAMJ
X 25mm

Figure 5 Example of Witnesr Pack to Illustrate Conrtruction D e t a i l 6

NATOPFP UNCLASSIFIED

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Copyright North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Provided by IHS under license with NATO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 OTHER BEHIND-&OUR EFFECTS
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S T D - N A T O S T A N A G 4170 E D 2 - E N G L 1798 PI bb5Li740 0 0 7 8 b 5 8 13b

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ANNEX c to
STANAG 4 I90
{Edition 2 )

Other behind-armour effects i n c l u d e over-pressure, a i r b o r n e p a r t i c u l a t e s ,

t o x i c gases, b a l l i s t i c shock, and h e a t . They may or may n0.t be s i g n i f i c a n t .
Some NATO c o u n t r i e s have c o n d u c t e d t r i a l s t o measure these e f f e c t s , b u t it is
i n a p p r o p r i a t e to recommend s t a n d a r d i z e d procedures a t p r e s e n t . Any n a t i o n
wishing t o embark upon such experiments i s . a d v i s e d t o c o n s u l t o t h e r n a t i o n s
for information on s u c h a s p e c t s as monitoring equipment and i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n
t h a t have a l r e a d y been proven i n t r i a l s .

--`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

c-1
Copyright North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Provided by IHS under license with NATO
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale