GI@I 4 C AZ\]C HIAZ\

HIAZ\ IXS VXIGIQ
VXIGIQI
I VZ]XI
VZ]XI

GC@. 49
93
3916:965<

NJOI\ 4 8A

]ZAI\ 5 Mjrjt Hjrnioi mig Vjri`ioig

Hjrcnut
Hjrcnut imioib
imioib pjrnj`h
pjrnj`higai
igaig
g Vrkmun
Vrkmun Mk`jstcn
Mk`jstcn Hrutk (VMH)
(VMH) Cgmkgjsc
Cgmkgjsci
i itis misir 
misir 
birai nkgstig (8666 0 966) tibug 866=-8698 (Xp trcocug)

]IBZG VMH (XV ]XCOCZG)

866= 9.5:5,:8
866: 9.1:6,28
8665 9.2=1,9<
8661 9.35=,<<
8662 8.628,=5
8663 8.912,2:
8696 8.<9=,=5
8699 8.=5=,52
8698 8.592,9=

i. Huitoib
Huitoib pjrsi`ii
pjrsi`iig
g trjg
trjg mjgaig
mjgaig j`pit
j`pit `jtkmj
`jtkmj yiga
yiga imi!
imi!
  @jtkmj \j`c Xiti-Xiti (\j`c Ivjriaj @jtbkm)

Gcoic R Gcoic R
Xiti-riti
Nkmj ]ibug VMH tibug tibug
(i)
misir 8665 misir 8696
866= 95:5,:8 -8 -5
866: 91:6,28 -9 -:
N9 8665 92=1,9< 9256,8:8 6 -=
8661 935=,<< 9 -<
8662 8628,=5 8 -8

8663 8912,2: < -9

8696 8<9=,=5 = 6
N8 8<3=,6<:8
8699 8=5=,52 : 9
8698 8592,9= 5 8

Vjrsi`iig trjg 4
 

S 0 i + Hx

h 0

8∘ N   9
 N   8 9 8<3=,6<:8  “ 9256,8:8 :<<,12<8
0 0 09<<,==:2
tibug
tibug mis
misir 8∘tibu
ir N   8 tibug
g misi
misir
r N   9
9 8696∘ 8665 =

S tibug 8665 0 9256,8:8 + 9<<,=::2R

S tibug 8696 0 8<3=,6<:8 + 9<<,=::2R

 @jtkmj Nuimrit ]jrnjlco (Ojist \quirj @jtbkm)

VMH Nkmj R 8
]ibug  S.R   R 
(Xp ]rcocug) (]ibug)
866= 9.5:5,:8 -= -5.585,62 95
866: 9.1:6,28 -< -:.8:8,=5 3
8665 9.2=1,9< -8 -<.53=,85 =
8661 9.35=,<< -9 -9.35=,<< 9
8662 8.628,=5 6 6 6
8663 8.912,2: 9 8.912,2: 9
8696 8.<9=,=5 8 =.582,38 =
8699 8.=5=,52 < 1.<3=,6= 3
8698 8.592,9= = 96.=18,:5 95
∙ S . R 0» »
∙ S  0» 92.211, ∙   R  0» »56
8

1.9<1,8=

Gcoic i 0 ∙ S   // g 0 92.211,<3 / 3 0 8.631,=21 ≂  8.631,=3

Gcoic h 0 ∙ S . R / » ∙  R  » 0 1.9<1,8= / 56 0 992,3:= ≂992,3:

8

Dimc, pjrsi`iig trjg 0 S– 0 8.631,=3 + 992,3: R

 @jtkmj Nuimritcs

8 8 =
]ibug S R S.R   R   R  S R 
866= 9.5:5,:8 -= -5.585,62 95 85.:6=,<8 8:5
866: 9.1:6,28 -< -:.8:8,=5 3 9:.1:1,<2 29
8665 9.2=1,9< -8 -<.53=,85 = 1.<22,:8 95
8661 9.35=,<< -9 -9.35=,<< 9 9.35=,<< 9
8662 8.628,=5 6 6 6 6 6
 

8663 8.912,2: 9 8.912,2: 9 8.912,2: 9

8696 8.<9=,=5 8 =.582,38 = 3.8:1,2= 95
8699 8.=5=,52 < 1.<3=,6= 3 88.928,98 29
8698 8.592,9= = 96.=18,:5 95 =9.236,8= 8:5
∙   R 8 S  0» » ∙   R  =

DZ@OIB ∙ S . R 0» » ∙   R  0 8

∙ S  0» 92.211, 981.98<,5 0
4 1.9<1,8= 56 162
( 92.211,<3 x 162 ) “  ( 981.98<,5 x 56 )
i 0 » »  0
3 ( 162 )∘ 56
8

9<.<5:.938,98∘1.58
1.581
1 .=95
0
5.<18 ∘<.566

:.1<1.115,98
0 08.653,36
8.118

h 0 ∙   RS  / ∙   R  01.9<1,8= ∘560 992,3:

8

( 3  x 981.98<,5)∘ ( 56 x 92.211,<3 )

l 0 g»» 0
3 ( 162 )∘» »

9.9==
9.9= .988,=∘ 9.9<8.5=<,=
= .988,=
0
5.<18∘ <.566

99.=13
0  0 =,9=
8.118

Dimc, pjrsi`iig nuimritcs imioib S– 0 8.652,36 + 992,3: R + =,9= R 8

 @jtkmj ]rjg Jnspkgjgscio (Jxpkgjgtcio ]rjgm @jtbkm)

8
]ibug S R OgS   R  R Og S

866= 9.5:5,:8 -= 1,=9 95 -83,5=

866: 9.1:6,28 -< 1,=1 3 -88,=9
8665 9.2=1,9< -8 1,:8 = -9:,6=
8661 9.35=,<< -9 1,:2 9 -1,:2
8662 8.628,=5 6 1,5= 6 6
8663 8.912,2: 9 1,53 9 1,53
8696 8.<9=,=5 8 1,1: = 9:,:
 

8699 8.=5=,52 < 1,29 3 8<,=<

8698 8.592,9= = 1,21 95 <9,=2

DZ@OIB   92.211,<3 52,1 56 <,=

Gcoic i mig h mcmipit mirc 4

i 0 igtc Og (∙  OgS   »
» / g » 0 igtc og 52,1 / 3 0 igtc og 1,5< 0 8.6:3,6:

h 0 igtc Og
∙ ( R . OgS   )) - 9 0 igtc og (<,= / 56) “ 9 0 9,6:1 “ 9 0 6,6:1
∙ »»»
 dimc, pjrsi`iig
pjrsi`iig jnspkgjgscio 8.6:3,6: (9 + 6,6:1)x
jnspkgjgscio S– 0 8.6:3,6:

h. @iginib
@iginib mirc njj`pit
njj`pit `jtkmj
`jtkmj tjrsjhut
tjrsjhut yiga ojhcb
ojhcb hicn;
hicn;

Zgtun `jglirc `igi yiga tjrhicn, tjrojhcb mibuou ncti lirc gcoic ∙ (S ∘S ' )  ugtun
8

sjtcip `jtkmj.

9. @jtk
@jtkmjmj Xiti-X
ti-Xi
iti
S– 0 8.<<9,192 + 991,255: R

 S R Sf S-Sf (S-Sf)8
9.5:5,:8 -5 9.58=,:93 <8,669 9.68=,65=669
9.1:6,28 -: 9.1=8,<2:: 2,=<=: 19,9=61368:
9.2=1,9< -= 9.256,8:8 -9<,988 918,92522=
9.35=,<< -< 9.312,992: -9<,122: 936,9881<8<
8.628,=5 -8 8.63:,32: -9<,:8: 928,38:58:
8.912,2: -9 8.89<,2:9: -<:,669: 9.88:,96:668
8.<9=,=5 6 8.<<9,192 -91,8:2 831,2<2:5=
8.=5=,52 9 8.==3,:2=: 9:,63:: 881,21=986<
8.592,9= 8 8.:51,=:9 :6,523 8.:53,<1=189
DZ@OIB :.356,5<8=<32

8. @jtk
@jtkmj
mj Nui
Nuimr
mrit
it ]jr
]jrnj
njlc
lcoo
S– 0 8.631,=3 + 992,3: R

 S R Sf S-Sf (S-Sf)8
9.5:5,:8 -= 9.589,53 <=,2< 9.89=,9823
9.1:6,28 -< 9.1=6,5= 96,92 96<,5<8=
9.2=1,9< -8 9.2:3,:3 -98,=5 9::,8:95
9.35=,<< -9 9.312,:= -9=,89 869,38=9
8.628,=5 6 8.631,=3 -9:,6< 88:,3663
8.912,2: 9 8.895,== -<1,:3 9.=9<,6629
8.<9=,=5 8 8.<<:,<3 -86,3< =<2,65=3
 

8.=5=,52 < 8.=:=,<= 96,<= 965,39:5

8.592,9= = 8.:1<,83 ==,2: 8.699,:88:
DZ@OIB :.216,<=3

<. @jtk
@jtkmj
mj Nuimri
imritc
tcs
s
S– 0 8.653,36 + 992,3: R + =,9= R8

 S R S– S-S– (S-S–)8
9.5:5,:8 -= 9.556,<= -<,28 9=,:38=
9.1:6,28 -< 9.1:6,<9 6,:9 6,8569
9.2=1,9< -8 9.2=2,:5 -9,=< 8,6==3
9.35=,<< -9 9.33:,63 -3,8= 2:,<115
8.628,=5 6 8.653,36 98,:5 9:1,1:<5
8.912,2: 9 8.938,33 -9=,9= 933,3<35
8.<9=,=5 8 8.<8=,<5 -3,3 32,69
8.=5=,52 < 8.=5=,69 6,51 6,==23
8.592,9= = 8.599,3= 5,8 <2,==
DZ@OIB :35,2519

=. @jtk
@jtkmj
mj Jnsp
Jnspkg
kgjg
jgsc
scio
io
S– 0 8.6:3,6: (9 + 6,6:1)R

 S R Sf S-Sf (S-Sf)8
9.5:5,:8 -= 9.5=3,::: 5,35: =2,:99
9.1:6,28 -< 9.1=<,:26 1,8= :8,=91
9.2=1,9< -8 9.2=8,35= =,955 91,<::
9.35=,<< -9 9.3=2,69< 95,<91 855,8==
8.628,=5 6 8.6:3,6: 8<,=9 :=2,682
8.912,2: 9 8.915,=9: 8,=<: :,383
8.<9=,=5 8 8.<66,=19 9<,323 93:,538
8.=5=,52 < 8.=<9,:32 <<,628 9.63=,=92
8.592,9= = 8.:16,933 =1,3=9 8.832,<<3
DZ@OIB =.:85,3<<

Bisco mirc gcoic ∙ »»  mirc sjtcip `jtkmj yiga imi yictu 4

 @jtk
@jtkmj
mj \j`c
\j`c Xiti
Xiti-X
-Xit
iti
i 0 :.3
:.356
56,5
,5<8
<8=<
=<32
32
 @jtk
@jtkmj
mj Nuim
Nuimri
ritt ]
]jr
jrnj
njlc
lcoo 0 :.2
:.216
16,<
,<=3
=3
  @jtkmj Nuimritcs 0 :35,2519
 @jtkmj Jn
Jnspkgjgscio 0=
=..:85,3<<
 

Dimc mipit mcsc`puonig hibwi `jtkmj yiga piocga hicn mig mcrisi piocga tjpit
sjrti `j`cocnc tcgaain njsioibi yiga piocga njlco ugtun pjri`ioig VMH Cgmkgjsci

im
imio
ioib
ib `jtk
`jtkmj
mj Nuim
Nuimri
ritc
tcs
s nirj
nirjgi
gi `j`c
`j`coc
ocnc
nc gcoi
gcoicc ∙ (S ∘S  )   tjrnjlco
'  8
tjrnjlco mcigtiri
mcigtiri

`jtkmj yiga oicggyi yictu sjhjsir :35,2519.

l. Mjgai
Mjgaig
g `jgaaugi
`jgaauginig
nig `jtkmj
`jtkmj yiga
yiga piocga
piocga hicn,
hicn, hjripi
hjripi VMH Cgmkgj
Cgmkgjsci
sci tibug
tibug
869: mig 8686;
  VMH Cgmkgjsci tibug 869: `jgaauginig `jtkmj Nuimritcs 4
S– 0 8.653,36 + 992,3: R + =,9= R8
S869: 0 8.653,36 + 992,3: (1) + =,9= (=3)
0 8.653,36 + 2<8,5: + 868,25
0 <.96:,=9
  VHM Cgmkgjsci tibug 8686 `jgaauginig `jtkmj Nuimritcs 4
S– 0 8.653,36 + 992,3: R + =,9= R8

S8686 0 8.653,36 + 992,3: (98) + =,9= (9==)

0 8.653,36 + 9.=81,= + :35,95
0 =.63<,=5
Dimc,, mjgaig
Dimc mjgaig `jgaaugi
`jgaauginig
nig `jtkmj
`jtkmj Nuimritcs
Nuimritcs mcmipitn
mcmipitnig
ig pjri`ioi
pjri`ioig
g VMH
Cgmkgjsci pimi tibug 869: yictu sjhjsir <.96:,=9 ]rcocug mig pimi tibug
8686 sjhjsir =.63<,=5 ]rcocug.