ENGLISH

Lina Iglesias Duval

Dossier English
3rd term
28/05/2023

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 INDEX
UNIT 4:
1. READING ACTIVITY………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
2. VOCABULARY PHOTOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………….………………. 3
3. VOCABULARY ACTIVITIES…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
4. VOCABULARY: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES…………………………………………………………………. 5
5. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
6. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS…………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
7. ACTIVITY: Verbs with –ing and to infinitive……………………………………………………………….. 7
8. ACTIVITY: REVIEW UNIT 4……………………………………………………………………………………………. 8

UNIT 5:
1. GRAMMAR: Zero, first and second conditional…………………………………………………………. 8
2. ACTIVITY: Zero, first and second conditional…………………………………………………………… 9
3. UNIT 5 VOCABULARY: SURVIVAL……………………………………………………………………………… 10
4. ACTIVITY: VOCABULARY…………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
5. GRAMMAR: Third conditional……………………………………………………………………………………. 11

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1. UNIT 4: READING ACTIVITY

2. UNIT 4: VOCABULARY PHOTOGRAPHY

- Angle: Ángulo
- Close-u: primer plano
- Contrast: contraste
- Depth: profundidad
- Frame: enmarcar/marco
- To highlight: destacar
- To point at: señalar
- To set up: configurar
- To shoot (a photo): tomar una foto/ disparar
- Subject: persona
- Viewer: espectador/a
- Effective: efectivo
- Flash: flash
- Impact: impacto
- Shot: foto

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3. UNIT 4: photography vocabulary activities

- The photo shows a homeless man on the street and is taken from a low angle
- Is not a close-up picture from the man’s face, it’s a photo where you can see his
whole body
- The objective of the photographer is to highlight the man by putting blurry the rest of
the street
- The photographer is pointing at the problem of poverty that is a big problem
- The objective of the picture is to make an impact on the viewer so they think about
poverty and what poor people is going through
- The photographer tries to look at the subject in a way that everyone sees him and
empathize with him

2. The photo had a big impact on the viewers

3. The photographer wanted to highlight the effects of climate
change
4. She pointed the camera at him
5. The photograph makes a contrast between the the city’s
wealthy and the city’s homeless

4. VOCABULARY: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

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In focus: enfocado
out of focus: desenfocado
by chance: de casualidad
In a hurry: deprisa
In general: en general
In contrast: por el contrario
out of the ordinary: fuera de lo común
By far: de lejos
At first: al principi
In fact: de hecho

5. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS

Modals of deduction and possibility: present
● We use modal verbs can’t, may/might, could and must to say how certain we are
about present situations.

● We do not use couldn’t to express negative possibility. We use may not or might not:
➢ You might not get the job. A lot of people applied for it. (NOT: You couldn’t get the job)

Modals of deduction and possibility: past

● We use must have when we are very sure that something happened in the past.
● We use can’t have when we are very sure that something didn’t happen. Couldn’t
have has the same meaning as can’t have.
● When we are unsure about what happened, we can use could have, may (not) have
and might (not) have.

6. GRAMMAR: NON FINITE FORMS

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Some verbs are followed by –ing or to infinitive with a change of meaning. These includes:

➔ Remember/forget
We use remember + -ing when we remember something after we have done it.
The same is true for forget + -ing:
I remember seeing that film when I was about ten.
He’ll never forget meeting Alice for the first time.
We use remember + to infinitive when we remember something before we do it. The same is
true for forget + to infinitive.
I remembered to post your letter.
Don’t forget to invite her to the party!

➔ Stop
We use stop + -ing when we stop an action or a habit.
I stopped playing computer games when I was about 18 years old.
We use stop + to infinitive when we stop an action in order to do something else.
Sorry we’re late. We stopped to get some petrol.

➔ Regret
We use regret + -ing to express regret about an action in the past:
I really regret telling her my secret.
We use regret + to infinitive to express regret about something we are just about to do. This
is used in formal contexts
We regret to inform you that the main train has been cancelled.

➔ Try
We use try + -ing when something is easy to do, but it may not work.
I tried turning the key the other way, but still couldn’t open the door.
We use try+ to infinitive when something is difficult to do and may not be possible.
I tried to open the door, but the lock was broken.

➔ Go on
We use go on + -ing to express an ongoing action.
He went on telling the story but no one was listening!
We use go on + to infinitive to talk about a change in action or activity.
They started the concert with some older songs and then they went on to play their more
recent hits.

7. ACTIVITY: Verbs with –ing and to infinitive

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1: A
2: B
3: B
4: A
5: B

8. ACTIVITY: REVIEW UNIT 4

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 1. UNIT 5: GRAMMAR: Zero, first and second conditional
Zero conditional:
➔ We use the zero conditional to talk about general truths, events or actions and the
results that always follow.
➔ We can use when instead of if with the same meaning.
➔ We use unless with the zero conditional to mean the same as if not: unless you throw
water on it, this campfire lasts long.
structure:
If + present simple + Present simple
Present simple + If + present simple

First conditional:
➔ We use the first conditional to talk about a possible action or situation in the future,
and the result or effect that follows.
➔ We put the result clause before the if clause when the result is important. We don’t
use a comma after the result clause.
➔ We can also use the first conditional to give advice: If you drink less coffee, you will
sleep better.
➔ We use unless with the first conditional to mean the same as if not: Unless you
shout, we won’t hear you.
structure:
If + present simple + will/won’t + infinitive without to
Will/won’t + infinitive without to + if + present simple

Second conditional:

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 ➔ We use the second conditional (also called unreal conditional) to talk about things in
the present or future that are not real or imaginary.
➔ We use unless with the second conditional to mean the same as if not: she wouldn’t
eat that food unless she was very hungry.
structure:
If + past simple + would/wouldn’t + infinitive without to
Would/wouldn’t + infinitive without to + if + past simple

2. UNIT 5 ACTIVITY: Zero, first and second conditional

3. UNIT 5 VOCABULARY: SURVIVAL

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Compass - Brújula
magnifying glass - lupa
tarpaulin - lona
whistle - silbato
rope - soga
metal pot - olla de metal
waterproof bag - bolsa resistente al agua
torch - linterna
first-aid kit - kit de primeros auxilios
multitool - herramienta multiusos
water purification tablets - pastillas purificadoras de agua
matches - cerillas
avalanche - avalancha
drought - sequía
flooding - inundación
global warming - calentamiento global
nuclear explosion - explosion nuclear
cyber attack - ciberataque
earthquake - terremoto
forest fire - incendio forestal
hurricane - huracán
volcanic eruption - erupción volcánica

4. UNIT 5 ACTIVITY: VOCABULARY

5. GRAMMAR: Third conditional

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 ➔ We use the third conditional to talk about something in the past that did not
happen.
➔ The if clause can come first or second in a conditional sentence. When it
comes first, we use a comma.
➔ We often use the third conditional to talk about things we regret: If I’d put my
clothes in a waterproof bag, they wouldn’t have got wet.

Structure:
If + past perfect would / wouldn’t + have + past participle
If you’d walked faster, you’d have finished earlier.

Would / wouldn’t + have + past participle If + past perfect

You’d have finished earlier If you’d walked faster.

What if.../ I wish / If only

➔ What if...?
We use questions with What if and the past perfect to ask about consequences of an
imaginary past action or situation:
What if she hadn’t checked the first-aid kid?

➔ I wish
We use I wish + past perfect to express regrets about the past:
I wish I hadn’t eaten so much.

➔ If only
We use if only instead of I wish. If only is generally a bit stronger that I wish:
I only I’d spoken to him! I could have explained everything.

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