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  • 19 Pre-Emphasis and De-Emphasis

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    Mohamed Shabana
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    1) FM signals use pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits to suppress noise. At the transmitter, a pre-emphasis circuit boosts high frequencies of the modulating signal. At the receiver, a de-emphasis circuit restores the original frequency response. 2) This process makes the high frequency components of the signal stronger relative to high frequency noise, improving signal-to-noise ratio and intelligibility. The amplitude clipping of an FM signal does not affect information content since it is contained in frequency variations, not amplitude variations. 3) Together, pre-emphasis, de-emphasis, and amplitude limiting allow FM signals to effectively reject noise and interfering signals on the same frequency.

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    19 Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis (1)

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    1) FM signals use pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits to suppress noise. At the transmitter, a pre-emphasis circuit boosts high frequencies of the modulating signal. At the receiver, a de-emphasis circuit restores the original frequency response. 2) This process makes the high frequency components of the signal stronger relative to high frequency noise, improving signal-to-noise ratio and intelligibility. The amplitude clipping of an FM signal does not affect information content since it is contained in frequency variations, not amplitude variations. 3) Together, pre-emphasis, de-emphasis, and amplitude limiting allow FM signals to effectively reject noise and interfering signals on the same frequency.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    105 views8 pages

    19 Pre-Emphasis and De-Emphasis

    Uploaded by

    Mohamed Shabana
    1) FM signals use pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits to suppress noise. At the transmitter, a pre-emphasis circuit boosts high frequencies of the modulating signal. At the receiver, a de-emphasis circuit restores the original frequency response. 2) This process makes the high frequency components of the signal stronger relative to high frequency noise, improving signal-to-noise ratio and intelligibility. The amplitude clipping of an FM signal does not affect information content since it is contained in frequency variations, not amplitude variations. 3) Together, pre-emphasis, de-emphasis, and amplitude limiting allow FM signals to effectively reject noise and interfering signals on the same frequency.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    1 1

    PRE-EMPHASIS & DE-EMPHASIS

    Prof. Dr. G.Aarthi,


    Associate Professor, SENSE
    2

    Noise-Suppression Effects of FM
    • Noise is interference generated by lightning, motors, automotive
    ignition systems, and power line switching that produces transient
    signals.

    • Noise is typically narrow spikes of voltage with high frequencies.

    • Noise (voltage spikes) add to a signal and interfere with it.

    • Some noise completely obliterates signal information.


    3

    Noise-Suppression Effects of FM
    • FM signals have a constant modulated carrier amplitude.

    • FM receivers contain limiter circuits that deliberately restrict


    the amplitude of the received signal.

    • Any amplitude variations occurring on the FM signal are


    effectively clipped by limiter circuits.

    • This amplitude clipping does not affect the information


    content of the FM signal, since it is contained solely within
    the frequency variations of the carrier.
    4

    Noise-Suppression Effects of FM

    An FM signal with noise.


    5
    INTERFERENCE (capture effect)

    • A major benefit of FM is that interfering signals on the same frequency will be


    effectively rejected.

    • If the signal of one is more than twice the amplitude of the other, the stronger
    signal will "capture" the channel and will totally eliminate the weaker,
    interfering signal. This is known as the capture effect in FM.

    • In FM, the capture effect allows the stronger signal to dominate while the
    weaker signal is eliminated.

    • However, when the strengths of the two FM signals begin to be nearly the
    same, the capture effect may cause the signals to alternate in their domination
    of the frequency.
    6
    • Despite the fact that FM has superior noise rejection qualities, noise still
    interferes with an FM signal. This is particularly true for the high-frequency
    components in the modulating signal.

    • Since noise is primarily sharp spikes of energy, it contains a considerable


    number of harmonics and other high-frequency components.

    • These high frequencies can at times be larger in amplitude than the high-
    frequency content of the modulating signal.

    • This causes a form of frequency distortion that can make the signal
    unintelligible.

    • To overcome this problem a technique known as Pre-emphasis and De-


    emphasis is used.
    7

    Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis.

    • At the transmitter the modulating signal is passing through a simple network


    which amplifies the high frequency component more the low-frequency
    component. The simplest form of such circuit is a simple high pass filter.

    • The pre-emphasis circuit increases the energy of the higher content of the
    higher-frequency signals so that will tend to become stronger than the high-
    frequency noise component. This improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

    • To return the frequency response to its normal level, a de-emphasis circuit is


    used at the receiver. This is a simple low-pass filter

    • The de-emphasis circuit provides a normal frequency response.


    8

    Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis.

    The combined effect of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis is to increase the high-


    frequency components during the transmission so that they will be stronger and not
    masked by noise

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