9

Percentage

I N T R O D U C T I O N

aTe introduced the concept of percentage in Class VII. In this chapter we would review the
WE
one earlier and discuss some more problems on percentage.
OER CENT: By a certain per cent we mean that many hundredths.

We denote x per cent by x%.

X
x% = x hundredthss=
100

SOLVED EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1. Express each of the following as afraction:

(i) 36% (ti) 120% (tit) 0.8%

Solution We have
36 9
(i) 36%
100 25
120 6
(ii) 120% = = = 1
100 5
0.8 8
(iii) 0.8% = 1000 125
100
decimal:
Express each of the following
as a
EXAMPLE 2.
(1) 80% (it) 8% (iit) 205%

Solution We have
80 4
(1) 80% = 0.8.
100
8 = 0.08.
(ii) 8% =

1O0
100

(iil) 205% =- 2052.05.

100
fractions as a percentage:
EXAMPLE 3. Express each of the following
11
5 (it)
(025
117
 for Class
8
120 Mathematics

40% marks
ahul gets 185
to pass. Rah.
EXAMPLE 13 In an

fails by
eraminatton.one requires
15 marks. What a r e the
maximum
marks?
marks
Solution Let the maximum marks be x.
Pass marks = (185 15) - 200.
40 xX 200
40%of x 200
100
T
x-200 x 40 500.
Hence. maximum marks = 500.

EXAMPLE 1 Out of her total monthly salary. Tanuy spends 30% on house rent and so

est on household expenditure. If she saves 10500, what is her

mOnth
salary?
Solutton Let Tanvy's total monthly salary be Fx.
Money spent as house rent = 30% of x

30
Remainder =

Money spent on household expenditure = 60% ofr:

= 10 60
100]-21x
21
Savings=10 502-5025
But, savings =
7 10500. (Given)
=10500
25
-
x=|10500 37500.
Hence.
Tanvy's total monthly salary is 37500.
EXAMPLE 15. The price of sugar goes up
by 20%. By how much per cent must u
reduce her consumptlon of sugar so that the
a
hou
the same? expenditure on sugar e
emais

Solution Let the consumption of sugar originally be l unit

New cost of 1 unit and let its cost be ? 100.
=
7 120.
Now,7 120 yield 1 unit
of sugar.
100 will yield 100
|unit =unit of sugar.
Reduction in consumption =|
unit
.
reduction %in consumption
=xx100%0% =16-%.
 Percentage 121

EXAMPLE 16. The population of a town tncreases by 6% annually. f the present population is
17490. uvhat was it a year ago?

Let the population of the town a year ago be x.

Solution

106 53x
Then, its present population =
106% of x =|xx:100 50

53x
5017490
50 *=|17490x =16500
Hence. the population of the town a year ago was 16500.

EXAMPLE 17. The value ofa machine deprectates every year by 10%. f the present value of the
machine be 99000, what was ts value last year?
Solution
Let the value of the machine last year be x .
Then, its present value = 90% of T x

90
-x100=*10
9
10
99000 99000x10110000
9
value of the machine last year = 7 110000.

EXAMPLE 18. A's income is 60% more than that ofB. By what per cent is B's income les than
A's?

Solution Let B's income beF 100.

={ 160.
Then, A's income
If As income is 7 160, then B's income
=
7 100.

(100
I fA's income is 100, then B's income = 7
160100-6 62.50.

by (100 62.50) 37.5%.

B's income is less than A's income
=

EXERCISE 9A

1. Express each of the following as a fraction:

(ii) 220% (ii) 2.5%

(1) 48%
decimal:
4Express each of the following as a
(11) 72% (iii) 125%
() 6%
Express each of the following as a percentage:
3
() (ii) (1)-
125

Convert the ratio 4: 5 to percentage.

.
Express 125% as a rati0.
6. ,2 3 and 0.14?
Which is largest in 3 20
 Class 8
122 M a t h e m a t i c s
for

7. (1) What per cent of 150 1s 967

(1) What per cent of 5 kg is 200 ?
(1) What per cent of 2 itres is 250 m
8.
Find 4% oft 3600.
9. f 16% of a number is 72, find the number month, wh. at is his
F 3780 per
10. A man saves 18% of his monthly income. Ifhe
saves
month
tncome?
played. How
11. A football team wins 7 games, which is 35% of the total games many gam
were played in all?
00.
salary is 30600 what wWas hs
increment of 20% on his salary. Ifhis
new
12. Amit was
given an

salary before the increment?

13. Sonal attended her school on 204 days in a full year. If her attendance is 85%. find t
number of days on which the school was opened.
14. As income is 20% less than that of B. By what per cent is B's income more than A's?

15. The price of petrol goes up by 10%. By how much per cent
must a motorist
reduce te
consumpton of petrol so that the expenditure on it remains unchanged?

16. The population of a town increases by 8% annually. If the present population is54
what was it a year ago?
17. The value of a machine depreciates every year by 20%. If the present value of the machine
T160000, what was its value last year?
18. An alloy contains 40% copper, 32% nickel and rest zinc. Find the mass ofzinc in one kgd
the alloy
19 Balanced diet should contain 12% of proteins, 25% of fats and 63% of carbohydrates.f
child needs 2600 calories in his food daily, find in calories the amount of each of these
his daily food intake.

20. Gunpowder contains 75% nitre and 10% sulphur. Find the amount of gunpowder wnie
carries 9 kg nitre. What amount of gunpowder would contain 2.5
kg sulphur?
21. Divide7 7000 among A, B and C such that A gets 50% of what B gets and B
gets 50% of w
C gets.
22. Find the percentage of pure gold in 22-carat gold, if 24-carat gold is 100% pure.
Hint. 22-carat gold contatns 22 parts out of 24 parts.

percentage of pure gold tn tt = x100 % = 912

24
vbe
23. The salary of an officer is increased by 25%. By what per cent should the new sa
decreased to restore the original salary?
 Percentage 123

EXERCISE 9B
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

sek
Tick l) the correct answer in each of the following:

(a) 30% (b) 40% (c) 45% (d) 60%

3. 0.8% when expressed as a decimal, is
(a) 0.08 (b) 0.008 (c) 8 (d) 0.8
3. 6:5 when expressed as a percentage, is

(a)83% (b) 90% (c) 120% (d) 6.5%

4. 5% of a number is 9. The number is

(a) 45 (b) 90 (c) 135 (d) 180
5. What per cent of 90 is 120?

(a) 75% (b) 33% (c) 133 % (d) none of these

3
6. What per cent of 10 kg is 250 g?

(a) 25% (b) 5% (c) 10% (d) 2.5%

7. 40% of? = 2400

(a) 60 (b) 600 (c) 6000 (d) 960

8. ?% of 400 60
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 20

9. (180% of ?) + 2 = 504

(b) 480 (c) 600 (d) 560

(a) 400
10. 20% of 800 = ?
(d) none of these
(b) 163 (c)1600
(a)160
of the maximum marks.
11. In an examination, Nitin gets 98 marks. This amounts to 56%
What are the maximum marks?
(c) 175 (d) 225
a) 75 (b) 150
by 10%. The number
12. A number is first increased by 10% and then reduced
1% (d) none of these
decreases by 1% (c) increases by
(a) does not change (b)
3, A period of 4 hours 30 min is what per
cent ofa day?
(d) 19%
(a) 18% (b) 20% ce) 163
number of failures is 420, the
65% of the total
examinees passed. If the
*n an examination,
is
total number of examinees (d) 1625
(c) 1200
(b) 1000
(a) 500
Hint. 35% of x = 420. Ftnd x.
 Class 8
Mathematics
for

124 is
n u m b e r

(d) 320
The
40.
by
15. A numberexceeds 20% of itself
(c) 80

(b) 60
(a) 50
(d) 135
16. A number decreased by 27 %gives 6 (c) 120

(a) 58 (b) 110

(d) 0.025%
17. 0.05 is what per cent of 207 (c) 0.25%

(b) 2.5%
(a) 25%
cent of 134 (d) 300%
18. One-third of 1206 is what per (c) 20%

(a) 3% (b) 30%

19. x% of y is y% of?
(d)
(c) 100
(a) x (b) 100x 100

2
20. What per cent of s
(d) 25%
(c) 20%
(a) 2.5% (b) 10%