Jawapan 8

JAWAPAN
2.
BAB f(x)
Fungsi dan Persamaan Kuadratik dalam
1 Satu Pemboleh Ubah

Quadratic Functions and Equations in One Variable
(–5, 0)
x
Fungsi dan Persamaan Kuadratik O
1.1
Quadratic Functions and Equations
A 1. Bukan kerana terdapat kuasa bagi x yang bukan nombor bulat.

Not because there is power of x that is not a whole number.
2. Ungkapan kuadratik Titik maksimum
A quadratic expression Maximum point
3. Bukan kerana kuasa terbesar bagi x ialah 3. Persamaan paksi simetri:
Not because the highest power of x is 3. Equation of axis of symmetry:
4. Ungkapan kuadratik 5
x=–
A quadratic expression 2
5. Bukan kerana terdapat kuasa bagi x yang bukan nombor bulat.
E 1. Bentuk graf ialah , maka p mestilah positif, p . 0.
Not because there is power of x that is not a whole number.
Shape of graph is , thus p must be positive, p . 0.
a b c Graf g(x) lebih lebar daripada f(x), maka p , 8.
B
Graph g(x) is wider than f(x), thus p , 8.
1. –1 0 –5 \ 0 , p , 8
2. –3 5 4 2. Bentuk graf ialah , a , 0, maka p . 0.
3 Shape of graph is , a , 0, thus p . 0.
3. – 7 0
2 Graf g(x) lebih lebar daripada f(x), maka p , 9.
4. 2 –8 15 Graph g(x) is wider than f(x), thus p , 9.
\ 0 , p , 9
5. 2 –10 0
F 1. (a)
y
C Nilai a Bentuk graf Titik minimum / maksimum
Value of a Shape of graph Minimum / Maximum point
f(x) = x 2
Titik maksimum
1. –5
Maximum point
Titik minimum x
2. 1 O
4 Minimum point
Titik maksimum
3. –0.5
Maximum point f(x) = x 2 + 6x

D 1.
f(x) (b)
y
4
f(x) = x 2
2
x
O 5 10 15 20 x
O

Titik maksimum
Maximum point f(x) = x 2 – 10x
Persamaan paksi simetri:
Equation of axis of symmetry:
x=7
1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tingkatan 4 Jawapan
2. (a) 2.
y f(x)
10
f(x) = –x 2 + 4x
x x = –0.5 x=4
O
x
–2 O 2 4
f(x) = –x 2 –5
(b) 1
J 1. Apabila / When x = – ,
y 2
Kiri / Left: Kanan / Right:
f(x) = –x 2 – 9x 4x2 + 8x – 5 0
1 2 1 Kiri ≠ Kanan
= 4 –
2 1+8–
2 2 – 5 1 2
Left ≠ Right
= –8
x 1
O Maka, x = – bukan punca bagi persamaan itu.
2
f(x) = –x 2 1
Thus, x = – is not a root of the equation.
2
5
Apabila / When x = – ,
2
Kiri / Left: Kanan / Right:
G 1. (a) c = 3
4x + 8x – 5
2
0
(b) –7 = –2(4)2 + 5(4) + c 5 2 5 Kiri = Kanan
–7 = –12 + c = 4 –
2 1
+8–
2 2
– 5 1 2
Left = Right
c = 5 = 0
(c) (0, –11) berada di paksi-y. 5
Maka, x = – ialah punca bagi persamaan itu.
(0, –11) lies on the y-axis. 2
\ c = –11 5
Thus, x = – is a root of the equation.
2
1
× (14x + 26)(12x – 5)
H 1. (a) A = 2. Apabila / When x = 7,
2
1 Kiri / Left: Kanan / Right:
= × (168x2 – 70x + 312x – 130)
2 x2 – 3x – 18 10
1 = 72 – 3(7) – 18
= × (168x2 + 242x – 130) Kiri = Kanan
2 = 10 Left = Right
= 84x2 + 121x – 65
Maka, x = 7 ialah punca bagi persamaan itu.
(b) 84x2 + 121x – 65 = 1 538 Thus, x = 7 is a root of the equation.
84x2 + 121x – 1 603 = 0
Apabila / When x = –3,
I 1. Kiri / Left: Kanan / Right:
f(x) x2 – 3x – 18 10
x = –2 x = 0.5 = (–3)2 – 3(–3) – 18 Kiri ≠ Kanan
x = 0 Left ≠ Right
–3 –2 –1 O 1
Maka, x = –3 bukan punca bagi persamaan itu.
Thus, x = –3 is not a root of the equation.
–1
K 1. (a)
–2 (x – 1) x –1 –x
(x + 4) x 4 4x
–3 x2 –4 +3x +

(x – 1)(x + 4) = 0
x – 1 = 0 atau / or x + 4 = 0
x = 1 x = –4
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

(b) L 1. (a) 4x(x – 2) = 5

(x – 5) x –5 –5x 4x2 – 8x = 5
(x – 7) x –7 –7x 4x2 – 8x – 5 = 0
(2x – 5)(2x + 1) = 0
x2 –35 –12x +
5 1
x = atau / or x = –
(x – 5)(x – 7) = 0 2 2
x – 5 = 0 atau / or x – 7 = 0 (b) p(p + 1) – 12 = 0
x = 5 x = 7 p2 + p – 12 = 0
(p – 3)(p + 4) = 0
2. (a) p = 3 atau / or p = –4
(x – 4) x –4 –4x
(x – 2) x –2 –2x 2. (a) 5 – 23x = x + 5x2
5 – 23x – x – 5x2 = 0
x2 +8 –6x + –5x2 – 24x + 5 = 0

5x2 + 24x – 5 = 0
(x – 4)(x – 2) = 0
(5x – 1)(x + 5) = 0
x – 4 = 0 atau / or x – 2 = 0
x = 4 x = 2 x= atau / or x = –5
(b) x + 15 = 8x
2
(b) 3y2 = 2(y – 1) + 7
x2 – 8x + 15 = 0 3y2 = 2y – 2 + 7
3y2 = 2y + 5
(x – 5) x –5 –5x
3y2 – 2y – 5 = 0
(x – 3) x –3 –3x
(3y – 5)(y + 1) = 0
x2 +15 –8x + 5
y = atau / or y = –1
3
(x – 5)(x – 3) = 0
x – 5 = 0 atau / or x – 3 = 0 3. (a) (y – 4)2 = 2y – 5
x = 5 x = 3 y2 – 8y + 16 = 2y – 5
y2 – 8y – 2y + 16 + 5 = 0
3. (a) 2x 1 x
(2x + 1) y2 – 10y + 21 = 0
(x – 1) x –1 –2x (y – 7)(y – 3) = 0
2x2 –1 –x + y = 7 atau / or y = 3
(2x + 1)(x – 1) = 0 (b) (2p – 1)2 + 10p = 5
2x + 1 = 0 atau / or x – 1 = 0 4p2 – 4p + 1 + 10p = 5
2x = –1 x = 1 4p2 + 6p – 4 = 0
1 (4p – 2)(p + 2) = 0
x = –
2 1
(b) p = atau / or p = –2
(5x – 3) 5x –3 –3x 2
(x + 4) x 4 20x 4x2 – 2
4. (a) = 1
5x –12
2
+17x + 7x
4x – 2 =
2
7x
(5x – 3)(x + 4) = 0 4x2 – 7x – 2 = 0
5x – 3 = 0 atau / or x + 4 = 0 (x – 2)(4x + 1) = 0
5x = 3 x = –4 1
3 x = 2 atau / or x = –
x = 4
5
2n2 + 5n
4. (a) (b) = 2
(5x – 4) 5x –4 –12x n+1
(3x + 1) 3x +1 +5x 2n + 5n =
2
2(n + 1)
15x2 –4 –7x + 2n2 + 5n = 2n + 2
2n2 + 5n – 2n – 2 = 0
(5x – 4)(3x + 1) = 0 2n2 + 3n – 2 = 0
5x – 4 = 0 atau / or 3x + 1 = 0 (2n – 1)(n + 2) = 0
4 1
x = x = – n= atau / or n = –2
5 3
(b)
(7x + 6) 7x 6 24x M 1. (a) a = 1 . 0, bentuk f(x)
(4x + 5) 4x 5 35x
c = –6,
28x2 30 59x + pintasan-y / y-intercept = –6 x
(7x + 6)(4x + 5) = 0 –3 O 2
Apabila / When f(x) = 0,
7x + 6 = 0 atau / or 4x + 5 = 0 x2 + x – 6 = 0
7x = –6 4x = –5 (x + 3)(x – 2) = 0 –6
6 5 x = –3, x = 2
x = – x = –
7 4

(b) a = –1 , 0, bentuk f(x) 4. (a) a = 1 . 0, bentuk

c = –8, x c = 4, pintasan-y / y-intecept = 4
O 2 4
pintasan-y / y-intercept = –8 Maka, titik minimum ialah (0, 4)
Apabila / When f(x) = 0, Thus, the minimum point is (0, 4)
–x2 + 6x – 8 = 0
(x – 4)(x – 2) = 0 –8
Apabila / When f(x) = 0,
x = 4, x = 2 x2 + 4 = 0
x2 = –4 (tiada punca / no roots)
Apabila / When x = 2,
2. (a) a = –1 , 0, bentuk f(2) = (2)2 + 4
f(x)
c = –16, = 8
pintasan-y / y-intercept = –16 x f(x)
–4 O
Apabila / When f(x) = 0. 8 (2, 8)
–x2 – 8x – 16 = 0
x2 + 8x + 16 = 0
–16 4
(x + 4)(x + 4) = 0
x = –4
x
O 2
(b) a = 1 . 0, bentuk f(x)

c = 25, (b) a = –1 , 0, bentuk
25
pintasan-y / y-intercept = 25 c = –1, pintasan-y / y-intecept = –1
Apabila / When f(x) = 0, Maka, titik maksimum ialah (0, –1)
x2 – 10x + 25 = 0
Thus, the maximum point is (0, –1)
(x – 5)(x – 5) = 0 x
x=5 O 5 Apabila / When f(x) = 0,
–x2 – 1 = 0
x2 = –1 (tiada punca / no roots)
3. (a) a = 1 . 0, bentuk
Apabila / When x = 2,
c = –64,
f(2) = –(2)2 – 1
pintasan-y / y-intercept = –64
= –5
Apabila / When f(x) = 0, f(x)
x2 – 64 = 0
(x + 8)(x – 8) = 0 x
O 2
x = –8, x = 8 –1
f(x)
x –5 (2, –5)
–8 O 8
N 1. Luas mural 1 Luas mural 2

–64
Area of mural 1 Area of mural 2
= (2x)(3x) = (5x – 4)(2x + 1)
= 6x2 = 10x2 + 5x – 8x – 4
(b) a = –2 , 0, bentuk = 10x2 – 3x – 4
c = 32, Beza / Difference = 6
pintasan-y / y-intercept = 32 10x2 – 3x – 4 – 6x2 = 6
4x2 – 3x – 10 = 0
Apabila / When f(x) = 0, (x – 2)(4x + 5) = 0
(tidak diterima)
–2x2 + 32 = 0 x = 2 , x = – 5 (not acceptable)
x2 – 16 = 0 4
(x + 4)(x – 4) = 0
2. Katakan lebar / Let width = x cm
x = –4, x = 4 dan panjang / and length = (x + 1) cm
f(x)
x(x + 1) = 42
32 x2 + x – 42 = 0
(x – 6)(x + 7) = 0
x – 6 = 0 atau / or x + 7 = 0
x = 6 x = –7 (tidak diterima / not acceptable)
x
–4 O 4

Panjang / Length = x + 1 y = (x + 1)(2 – x) y
=6+1 = 2x – x2 + 2 – x
=7 = –x2 + x + 2 2
Maka, lebar = 6 cm dan panjang = 7 cm
Thus, width = 6 cm and length = 7 cm a = –1,
c=2
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM Jawapan / Answer: A –1O 2

x
Kertas 2
1. (x – 3)2 = 14 – 2x
x2 – 6x + 9 – 14 + 2x = 0 3
x2 – 4x – 5 = 0 1. 1
(x + 7) x –
22 = 144.5
(x – 5)(x + 1) = 0 3 21
x = 5 atau / or x = –1 x – x + 7x –
2
– 144.5 = 0
2 2
11
x –5 –5x x2 + x – 155 = 0
2
x 1 x
2x2 + 11x – 310 = 0
x2 –5 –4x (x – 10)(2x + 31) = 0
31
2. a = 4 . 0, bentuk x = 10, x = – (tidak diterima / not acceptable)
2
c = 3, pintasan-y / y-intercept = 3 Panjang kertas / Length of paper
Apabila / When f(x) = 0, = 10 + 7
4x2 – 13x + 3 = 0 = 17 cm
(x – 3)(4x – 1) = 0 Diameter bulatan / Diameter of a circle
1
x = 3, x = = 17 ÷ 4
4 f(x) = 4.25 cm
3 2. 20(x)(x + 2) = 1 600
20x2 + 40x – 1 600 = 0
x x2 + 2x – 80 = 0
O 1 3
– (x – 8)(x + 10) = 0
4
x = 8, x = –10 (tidak diterima / not acceptable)
Maka, / Thus, x = 8
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM 3.

2
= –
x
2x – 3 x–3
Kertas 1 2 –x
=
2x – 3 x–3
1. y = x2 − 9
2(x – 3) = –x(2x – 3)
Apabila / When y = 0,
2x – 6 = –2x2 + 3x
x2 − 9 = 0
2x2 + 2x – 3x – 6 = 0
x2 = 9
2x2 – x – 6 = 0
x = ±3
(x – 2)(2x + 3) = 0

∴s = −3, t = 3 3
x = 2, x = –
Jawapan / Answer: C 2
4. (x + 2)2 = 18 – x
2. Bentuk graf , maka p , 0 x2 + 4x + 4 – 18 + x = 0

Shape of graph , thus p , 0 x2 + 5x – 14 = 0
(x – 2)(x + 7) = 0
Paksi simetri berada di sebelah kiri paksi-y, maka q , 0. x = 2, x = –7
The axis of symmetry lies on the left of y-axis, thus q , 0.
\ p = –3, q = –5 5. 12x(2x – 17) = 2 880
Jawapan / Answer: D 24x2 – 204x – 2 880 = 0
2x2 – 17x – 240 = 0
3. y = (x + 1)(2 – x) (x – 16)(2x + 15) = 0
x – 16 = 0 , 2x + 15 = 0
Apabila / When y = 0, 15
(x + 1)(2 – x) = 0 x = 16 x = –
2
x + 1 = 0 , 2 – x = 0 Bilangan kalkulator saintifik yang dibeli
x = –1 x = 2 Number of scientific calculators bought
= 2(16) – 17
= 15

2. (a)
BAB Nombor
1 2 2 0
Asas Nombor Number
2 Number Bases Nilai tempat

Place value
33 32 31 30

Asas Nombor 1 × 33 = 27
2.1
Number Bases (b)
Nombor
2 1 0 2 2
Number
A Asas 9 Asas 8 Asas 7 Asas 6
Base 9 Base 8 Base 7 Base 6 Nilai tempat
34 33 32 31 30
Place value
29 28 27 26
2 × 34 = 162
39 38 37 36
3. (a)
49 48 47 46 Nombor
2 1 3 0
Number
59 58 57 56
Nilai tempat
69 68 67 106 43 42 41 40
Place value

79 78 107 116 3 × 41 = 12
89 108 117 126 (b)
Nombor
3 1 2 1 1
109 118 127 136 Number
119 128 137 146 Nilai tempat
44 43 42 41 40
Place value
129 138 147 156
1 × 43 = 64
139 148 157 206
4. (a)
Nombor
3 1 2 0
Asas 5 Asas 4 Asas 3 Asas 2 Number
Base 5 Base 4 Base 3 Base 2 Nilai tempat
53 52 51 50
25 24 23 102 Place value

35 34 103 112 3 × 53 = 375
45 104 113 1002 (b)

Nombor
2 4 2 3 4
105 114 123 1012 Number
Nilai tempat
115 124 203 1102 54 53 52 51 50
Place value
125 134 213 1112
4 × 50 = 4
135 204 223 10002
5. (a)
Nombor
145 214 1003 10012 5 4 4 5
Number
205 224 1013 10102 Nilai tempat
63 62 61 60
215 234 1023 10112 Place value

225 304 1103 11002 4 × 62 = 144
(b)
Nombor
B 1. (a) 4 3 5 0 3
Number
Nombor
1 0 1 1
Number Nilai tempat
64 63 62 61 60
Place value
Nilai tempat
23 22 21 20
Place value 4 × 64 = 5 184

1×2 =2 1 6. (a)
Nombor
(b) 5 0 6 6
Number
Nombor
1 1 0 0 0
Number Nilai tempat
73 72 71 70
Place value
Nilai tempat
24 23 22 21 20
Place value 0 × 72 = 0

1×2 =8 3

(b) 3.
Nombor Nombor
3 4 6 1 3 2 3 4
Number Number
Nilai tempat Nilai tempat
74 73 72 71 70 52 51 50
Place value Place value

6 × 72 = 294 (2 × 52) + (3 × 51) + (4 × 50)
Nilai nombor = 50 + 15 + 4
7. (a) Number value = 69
Nombor 10
6 1 7 0
Number
Nilai tempat 4.
83 82 81 80 Nombor
Place value 4 2 4 5
Number
1 × 82 = 64 Nilai tempat
63 62 61 60
Place value
(b)
Nombor (4 × 63) + (2 × 62) + (4 × 61) + (5 × 60)
7 6 1 2 5 Nilai nombor = 864 + 72 + 24 + 5
Number
Number value = 965
Nilai tempat 10
84 83 82 81 80
Place value

6 × 83 = 3 072 5.
Nombor
1 2 4 7 3
8. (a) Number
Nombor
5 1 3 8 Nilai tempat
Number 84 83 82 81 80
Place value
Nilai tempat
93 92 91 90 (1 × 84) + (2 × 83) + (4 × 82) + (7 × 81)
Place value
Nilai nombor + (3 × 80)
5 × 93 = 3 645 Number value = 4 096 + 1 024 + 256 + 56 + 3
= 543510
(b)
Nombor
7 8 5 1 3
Number 6.
Nombor
Nilai tempat 2 0 1 3 8
9 4
9 3
9 2
9 1
9 0 Number
Place value
Nilai tempat
94 93 92 91 90
8 × 93 = 5 832 Place value
(2 × 94) + (0 × 93) + (1 × 92) + (3 × 91)
C 1. Nilai nombor + (8 × 90)
Nombor
1 1 1 0 1 Number value = 13 122 + 0 + 81 + 27 + 8
Number
= 1323810
Nilai tempat
24 23 22 21 20
Place value
D 1. (a) 1810 = 100102
(1 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (0 × 21)
Nilai nombor + (1 × 20) 2 18
Number value = 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 2 9 – 0
= 2910
2 4 – 1
2 2 – 0
2.
Nombor 2 1 – 0
1 0 0 3
Number 0 – 1

Nilai tempat
43 42 41 40 (b) 3310 = 1000012
Place value
(1 × 43) + (0 × 42) + (0 × 41) + (3 × 40) 2 33
Nilai nombor = 64 + 0 + 0 + 3
2 16 – 1
Number value = 67
10 2 8 – 0

2 4 – 0
2 2 – 0
2 1 – 0
0 – 1


2. (a) 2110 = 2103 6. (a) 4710 = 657
3 21 7 47
3 7 –0 7 6 –5
3 2 –1 0 –6

0 –2

(b) 47010 = 12417
(b) 4410 = 11223
7 470
3 44 7 67 – 1
3 14 – 2 7 9 – 4
3 4 – 2 7 1 – 2
3 1 – 1 0 – 1
0 – 1

7. (a) 14410 = 2208
3. (a) 4710 = 2334
8 144
4 47
8 18 –0
4 11 –3
8 2 –2
4 2 –3
0 –2
0 –2

(b) 82410 = 14708
(b) 10010 = 12104
8 824
4 100
8 103 – 0
4 25 – 0
8 12 – 7
4 6 – 1
8 1 – 4
4 1 – 2
0 – 1
0 – 1

8. (a) 51010 = 6269
4. (a) 5310 = 2035
9 510
5 53
9 56 –6
5 10 –3
9 6 –2
5 2 –0
0 –6
0 –2

(b) 73310 = 10049
(b) 21310 = 13235
9 733
5 213
9 81 – 4
5 42 – 3
9 9 – 0
5 8 – 2
9 1 – 0
5 1 – 3
0 – 1
0 – 1

E 1.
5. (a) 33010 = 13106 Nombor
1 1 1 0 1
Number
6 330
6 55 – 0 Nilai tempat
24 23 22 21 20
Place value
6 9 – 1
(1 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (0 × 21)
6 1 – 3
Nilai nombor + (1 × 20)
0 – 1
Number value = 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1
= 2910
(b) 6210 = 1426
111012 = 329 9 29
6 62
9 3 –2
6 10 –2
0 –3
6 1 –4
0 –1


2. 6.
Nombor Nombor
2 1 2 2 2 3 0 1
Number Number
Nilai tempat Nilai tempat
33 32 31 30 43 42 41 40
Place value Place value
(2 × 33) + (1 × 32) + (2 × 31) + (2 × 30) (2 × 43) + (3 × 42) + (0 × 41) + (1 × 40)
Nilai nombor = 54 + 9 + 6 + 2 Nilai nombor = 128 + 48 + 0 + 1
Number value = 71 Number value = 177
10 10

21223 = 1078 8 71 23014 = 3427 7 177
8 8 –7 7 25 –2
8 1 –0 7 3 –4
0 –1 0 –3
3.
Nombor
2 0 5
Number
7.
Nilai tempat Nombor
72 71 70 3 3 4 1 2
Place value
(2 × 72) + (0 × 71) + (5 × 70) Nilai tempat
Nilai nombor = 98 + 0 + 5 54 53 52 51 50
Number value = 103
10 (3 × 54) + (3 × 53) + (4 × 52) + (1 × 51) +
Nilai nombor (2 × 50)
2057 = 102113 3 103 = 1 875 + 375 + 100 + 5 + 2
3 34 – 1 = 2 35710

3 11 – 1
334125 = 145256 6 2 357
3 3 – 2
3 1 – 0 6 392 – 5
0 – 1 6 65 – 2
6 10 – 5
4.
Nombor 6 1 – 4
1 3 2 6
0 – 1
Nilai tempat
83 82 81 80 F 1. (a) 138 (b) 178
2. (a) 258 (b) 318
(1 × 8 ) + (3 × 8 ) + (2 × 8 ) + (6 × 8 )
3 2 1 0
Nilai nombor = 512 + 192 + 16 + 6 3. (a) 548 (b) 758
= 72610 4. (a) 1368 (b) 1078
5. (a) 2418 (b) 3268
13268 = 231124 4 726 6. (a) 5278 (b) 6138
4 181 – 2 G 1. (a) 10102 (b) 11102
4 45 – 1 2. (b) 100002 (b) 101012
4 11 – 1 3. (a) 1011002 (b) 1110102
4 2 – 3 4. (a) 10001102 (b) 11001012
0 – 2 5. (a) 100011112 (b) 101011102
6. (a) 1000111012 (b) 1100000102
5.
Nombor
2 6 8 H 1. (a) 1 1
Number
1 1 02
Nilai tempat + 1 02
92 91 90
Place value
1 0 0 02
(2 × 92) + (6 × 91) + (8 × 90)
Nilai nombor = 162 + 54 + 8 1102 + 102 = 10002
Number value = 224
10 (b) 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 12
2689 = 13445 5 224 + 1 0 1 02
5 44 – 4 1 0 0 1 0 12

5 8 – 4
110112 + 10102 = 1001012
5 1 – 3
0 – 1

2. (a) 1 1 1 (b) 1 1 1
1 2 23 4 4 4 67
+ 1 1 23 + 5 6 27
1 0 1 13 5 3 4 17

1223 + 1123 = 10113 44467 + 5627 = 53417
(b) 1 1 1 1 7. (a) 1 1
2 2 2 13 7 7 28
+ 2 1 23 + 7 58
1 0 2 1 03 1 0 6 78

22213 + 2123 = 102103 7728 + 758 = 10678
3. (a) 1 1 (b) 1 1
1 3 14 1 0 7 78
+ 2 34 + 4 2 78
2 2 04 1 5 2 68

1314 + 234 = 2204 10778 + 4278 = 15268
(b) 1 1 8. (a) 1 1
2 2 24 6 8 29
+ 1 2 14 + 3 89
1 0 0 34 7 3 19

2224 + 1214 = 10034 6829 + 389 = 7319
4. (a) 1 1 (b) 1 1
4 4 15 7 8 5 39
+ 4 25 + 3 6 49
1 0 3 35 8 3 2 79

4415 + 425 = 10335 78539 + 3649 = 83279

(b) 1 1 1
1 3 45 I 1. (a) 0 2
+ 4 1 35 1 0 1 02
1 1 0 25 – 1 0 02
1 1 02
1345 + 4135 = 11025
10102 – 1002 = 1102
5. (a) 1
1 0 2 46 (b) 1
+ 1 0 0 56 0 2 2
1 1 0 0 12
2 0 3 36
– 1 1 12
10246 + 10056 = 20336 1 0 0 1 02

(b) 1 1 1
110012 – 1112 = 100102
5 3 46
+ 4 5 36 2. (a) 2 3
0 3 1 3
1 4 3 16
1 0 2 13
5346 + 4536 = 14316 – 2 2 23
2 23
6. (a) 1 1

1 4 57
10213 – 2223 = 223
+ 2 27
2 0 07 (b) 3
1 1 3
2 2 13
1457 + 227 = 2007
– 2 23
1 2 23

2213 – 223 = 1223

3. (a) 4 (b) 8
1 0 4 0 5 8
2 1 24 1 6 5 28
– 3 34 – 6 6 08
1 1 34 7 7 28

2124 – 334 = 1134 16528 – 6608 = 7728
(b) 4
0 2 4 8. (a) 9
1 3 2 24 7 0 9
– 3 3 24 8 1 49
– 3 5 69
3 3 04

4 4 79
13224 – 3324 = 3304
4. (a) 2 5
8149 – 3569 = 4479
3 2 45
– 1 3 35 (b) 7 9 4 9
8 3 5 19
1 4 15 – 6 0 79

3245 – 1335 = 1415 7 6 4 39

(b) 5 5 83519 – 6079 = 76439
1 1 0 5
2 2 1 15
– 4 4 35 J 1. Nombor empat digit terbesar dalam asas empat ialah 33334.
The largest four-digit number in base four is 33334.
1 2 1 35
Maka, / Thus, p = 33334
22115 – 4435 = 12135
33334 = (3 × 43) + (3 × 42) + (3 × 41) + (3 × 40) 7 255
5. (a) 3 6 = 192 + 48 + 12 + 3
7 36 – 3
3 4 06 = 25510
– 2 1 46 7 5 –1
\ p = 33334 0 – 5
1 2 26 = 5137

3406 – 2146 = 1226
2. RM5279 = (5 × 92) + (2 × 91) + (7 × 90)
(b) 4 6 = 405 + 18 + 7
4 5 0 56 = RM43010
– 4 4 56
Harga selepas diskaun 20% 4 344
4 0 2 06 Price after 20% discount
4 86 – 0
45056 – 4456 = 40206 80
= × RM430 4 21 – 2
100
6. (a) 7 7
= RM344 4 5 – 1
0 2 1 7
= RM111204 4 1 – 1
1 3 2 27
– 4 6 67 0 – 1

5 2 37
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM
13227 – 4667 = 5237
1. 11124 = 1× 43 + 1 × 42 + 1 × 41 + 2 × 40
(b) 3 4 27 = 8610
– 2 1 17
1637 = 1 × 72 + 6 × 71 + 3 × 70
1 3 17
= 9410
3427 – 2117 = 1317 Maka, Aimi yang memperoleh hadiah itu.
Thus, Aimi will receive the gift.
7. (a) 4 8
5 4 28 2. (a) 2 × 83 + 5 × 82 + 1
– 1 6 28
83 82 81 80
3 6 08
2 5 0 1
5428 – 1628 = 3608
2 × 8 + 5 × 8 + 1 = 25018
3 2

(b) 2 × 53 + 3 × 51 + 4 7.
26 25 24 23 22 21 20
5 3
5 2
5 1
5 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 1
2 0 3 4

2 + 2 + 1 = 10010012
6 3
2 × 53 + 3 × 51 + 4 = 20345
Jawapan / Answer: C
8. 011 1102
= 368
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM
\ n = 36
Kertas 1 Jawapan / Answer: B
1. 11102 = (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (0 × 20) 3 9.

14 83 82 81 80
= 8 + 4 + 2
3 4 –2 5 7 0 1
= 1410
3 1 –1
\ 11102 = 1123
5 × 8 + 7 × 8 + 1 = 57018
3 2
0 – 1
Jawapan / Answer: C Jawapan / Answer: C
10.
2. q3 = (1 × 33) + (0 × 32) + (2 × 31) + (1 × 30) 53 52 51 50
= 10213 4 2 3 1

\ q = 1021
2 × 5 = 50
2
Jawapan / Answer: C Jawapan / Answer: A
3. 5718 = 5 × 82 + 7 × 81 + 1 × 80 11. 2537 = 2 × 72 + 5 × 71 + 3 × 70

= 320 + 56 + 1 = 98 + 35 + 3
5 377 = 13610 4 136
= 37710
5 75 – 2 4 34 – 0
= 30025
5 15 – 0 2537 = 20204

\ N = 3002 4 8 – 2
5 3 – 0 4 2 – 0
Jawapan / Answer: C 0 – 3 Jawapan / Answer: B
0 – 2
4. 1
0 2 2
12. 1101013 = 1 × 35 + 1 × 34 + 0 × 33 + 1 × 32 + 0 × 31 + 1 × 30
1 1 0 0 0 12
= 243 + 81 + 9 + 1
– 1 1 0 12 = 33410
1 0 0 1 0 02 9 334
1101013 = 4119 9 37 –1
100pq02 = 1001002
\ p = 1, q = 0 9 4 –1
Jawapan / Answer: C 0 –4
Jawapan / Answer: C
13.
5. 5 147 43 42 41 40
5 29 – 2 1 0 1 3

5 5 – 4
43 + 41 + 3 = 10134
5 1 – 0 Jawapan / Answer: D
0 – 1

14. 1
14710 = 10425
4 16
1k425 = 10425
+ 3 26
\ k = 0
1 1 36
Jawapan / Answer: A
Jawapan / Answer: A
6.
54 53 52 51 50 15. 1 1
4 4 3 2 1 7 8 89
+ 6 49

3 × 52 = 75
8 6 39
Jawapan / Answer: B
Jawapan / Answer: A

16. 0 5
BAB
1 0 4 15
Penaakulan Logik

– 3 4 05
2 0 15 3 Logical Reasoning
Jawapan / Answer: D
Pernyataan
3.1
Statements
17. 4
1 1 `4
A 1. Pernyataan kerana ayat itu adalah palsu.
3 2 2 04
A statement because the sentence is false.
– 2 0 2 34
2. Bukan pernyataan kerana ayat ini tidak dapat ditentukan nilai
1 1 3 14
kebenarannya.
Jawapan / Answer: C Not a statement because the sentence cannot be determined
its truth value.
18. 13314 + x4 = 100314 3. Pernyataan kerana ayat itu adalah benar.
4
x = 100314 – 13314 A statement because the sentence is true.
3 4. Bukan pernyataan kerana ayat ini tidak dapat ditentukan nilai
0 4 4 ` kebenarannya.
1 0 0 3 14 Not a statement because the sentence cannot be determined
– 1 3 3 14 its truth value.
2 1 0 04
B 1. (a) Palsu/False.

x4 = 21004 (2 + 7)2 – 1 = (9)2 – 1

\ x = 2100 = 81 – 1
Jawapan / Answer: D = 80
Maka, / Hence,
(2 + 7)2 – 1 . 50
19. 1 × 25 + 1 × 21 + 1 × 20 = 35
1 × 33 + 1 × 32 + 2 × 30 =
38 2. Palsu/False.
5 × 61 + 2 × 60 = 32 Subset = 23
3 × 91 + 4 × 90 = 31 =8
Purata / Average Maka, {v, t, u} mempunyai 8 subset.
35 + 38 + 32 + 31 Hence, {v, t, u} has 8 subsets.
= 3. Benar / True.
4
= 34 4. Benar / True.
Jawapan / Answer: B 5. Benar / True.
Kertas 2 C 1. Bukan semua poligon mempunyai sisi sama panjang.

Not all polygons have sides of equal length.
1. 45106 = (4 × 63) + (5 × 62) + (1 × 61) + (0 × 60)
2. 0.12 tidak bersamaan 0.01.
= 864 + 180 + 6 + 0
0.12 is not equal to 0.01.
= 1050
3. Nombor 10 bukan nombor genap.
Purata bilangan pelanggan setiap hari 4 35
Number 10 is not an even number.
Average number of customers everyday 4 8 –3
= 1050 ÷ 30
4 2 – 0 D Penafian Nilai kebenaran
= 35
0 – 2 Negation Truth value
= 2034
1. Pintasan-y bagi garis y = 5x + 6
bukan 6. Palsu
2. 121013 = (1 × 34) + (2 × 33) + (1 × 32) + (0 × 31) +(1 × 30)
The y-intercept of line y = 5x + 6 False
= 81 + 54 + 9 + 0 + 1
is not 6.
= 14510
2. Gandaan sepunya terkecil (GSTK) bagi
Harga asal / Original price 8 174 24 dan 40 bukan 120. Palsu
= RM145 × 1.2 8 21 – 6 The lowest common multiple (LCM) of False
= RM174 24 and 40 is not 120.
8 2 – 5
= RM2568 3. Bukan semua faktor bagi 30 boleh
0 – 2 Benar
dibahagi dengan 3.
True
Not all factors of 30 are divisible by 3.
4. 32 didarabkan dengan 35 tidak
Palsu
bersamaan dengan 37.
False
32 multiplied by 35 is not equal to 37.

2. xy = 0 jika dan hanya jika x = 0 atau y = 0.

5. { } bukan subset bagi { 1, 2, 3 }. Palsu
xy = 0 if and only if x = 0 or y = 0.
{ } is not a subset of { 1, 2, 3 }. False
3. 3
a = b jika dan hanya jika b3 = a.
6. √144 tidak bersamaan dengan 48. Benar 3 a = b if and only if b3 = a.
√144 is not equal to 48. True
I 1. Implikasi 1: Jika i . j, maka –i , –j .
Implication 1: If i . j, then –i , –j .
E Pernyataan Benar / Palsu
Statement True / False Implikasi 2: Jika –i , –j, maka i . j .
Implication 2: If –i , –j, then i . j .
1. Semua segi tiga sama kaki mempunyai 2
sudut 60°. (Palsu) 2. Implikasi 1: Jika P , Q, maka semua unsur dalam set P berada
All isosceles triangles have two 60° angles. dalam set Q.
(False) Benar Implication 1: If P , Q, then all elements in set P are in set Q.
True Implikasi 2: Jika semua unsur dalam set P berada dalam set
Sebuah sisi empat mempunyai hasil
Q, maka P , Q.
tambah sudut pedalaman 360°. (Benar)
Implication 2: If all elements in set P are in set Q, then
A quadrilateral has a sum of interior angles
P , Q.
of 360°. (True)
3. Implikasi 1: Jika m – 2 = 3, maka m = 5.
2. Sebuah segi empat tepat mempunyai Implication 1: If m – 2 = 3, then m = 5.
empat pepenjuru. (Palsu) Implikasi 2: Jika m = 5, maka m – 2 = 3.
A rectangle has four diagonals. (False) Implication 2: If m = 5, then m – 2 = 3.
Palsu
Sebuah segi empat selari mempunyai dua False
paksi simetri. (Palsu) J 1. Akas/ Converse:
A parallelogram has two axis of symmetry. Jika 2 055 boleh dibahagi dengan 3, maka hasil tambah bagi
(False) semua digit dalam 2 055 boleh dibahagi dengan 3.
If 2 055 is divisible by 3, then the sum of all digits in 2 055 is
3. Sudut tirus adalah kurang daripada 90°. divisible by 3.
(Benar) Antejadian: Benar; Akibat: Benar; Nilai kebenaran: Benar
An acute angle is less than 90°. (True) Benar Antecedent: True; Consequent: True: Truth value: True
Sudut cakah adalah lebih daripada 180°. True
Songsangan / Inverse:
(Palsu) Jika hasil tambah bagi semua digit dalam 2 055 tidak boleh
An obtuse angle is more than 180°. (False) dibahagi dengan 3, maka 2 055 tidak boleh dibahagi dengan 3.
4. Jika A , B, maka A < B = B. (Benar) If the sum of all digits in 2 055 is not divisible by 3, the 2 055
If A , B, then A < B = B. (True) Palsu is not divisible by 3.
False Antejadian: Benar; Akibat: Benar; Nilai kebenaran: Benar
Jika B , C, maka B > C = C. (Palsu) Antecedent: True; Consequent: True: Truth value: True
If B , C, then B > C = C. (False)
Kontrapositif / Contrapositive:
F 1. Jika x3 = –8 , maka x = –2. Jika 2 055 tidak boleh dibahagi dengan 3, maka hasil tambah
If x3 = –8, then x = –2. bagi semua digit dalam 2 055 tidak boleh dibahagi dengan 3.
If 2 055 is not divisible by 3, then the sum of all digits in 2 055
2. Jika poligon ABCDE mempunyai 5 sisi, maka ia adalah sebuah is not divisible by 3.
pentagon. Antejadian: Benar; Akibat: Benar; Nilai kebenaran: Benar
If polygon ABCDE has 5 sides, then it is a pentagon. Antecedent: True; Consequent: True: Truth value: True
3. Jika garis lurus AB berserenjang dengan garis lurus CD, maka 2. Akas/ Converse:
hasil darab kecerunan garis lurus AB dan CD ialah –1. Jika 15 boleh dibahagi dengan 3, maka 15 boleh dibahagi
If straight lines AB is perpendicular to straight line CD, then the dengan 6.
product of the gradients of straight lines AB and CD is –1. If 15 is divisible by 3, then 15 is divisible by 6.
Antejadian Akibat Antejadian: Benar; Akibat: Palsu; Nilai kebenaran: Palsu
G Antecedent: True; Consequent: False: Truth value: False
Antecedent Consequent
1. r.s s–r,0 Songsangan / Inverse:
Jika 15 tidak boleh dibahagi dengan 6, maka 15 tidak boleh
2. t ialah gandaan bagi 6. t ialah gandaan bagi 3. dibahagi dengan 3.
t is a multiple of 6. t is a multiple of 3. If 15 is not divisible by 6, then 15 is not divisible by 3.
3. Sebuah kubus mempunyai Isi padu kubus tersebut ialah Antejadian: Benar; Akibat: Palsu; Nilai kebenaran: Palsu
panjang sisi x cm. x3 cm3. Antecedent: True; Consequent: False: Truth value: False
A cube has side length of x cm. The volume of the cube is
Kontrapositif / Contrapositive:
x3 cm3.
Jika 15 tidak boleh dibahagi dengan 3, maka 15 tidak boleh
dibahagi dengan 6.
H 1. ABCD ialah sebuah rombus jika dan hanya jika semua sisinya If 15 is not divisible by 3, then 15 is not divisible by 6.
adalah sama. Antejadian: Palsu; Akibat: Benar; Nilai kebenaran: Benar
ABCD is a rhombus if and only if all of its sides are equal. Antecedent: False; Consequent: True: Truth value: True

K 1. Palsu/ False. 3. Hujah ini kuat dan meyakinkan kerana kesemua premis dan
27 boleh dibahagi dengan 3. Maka, 27 bukan nombor perdana. kesimpulan adalah benar.
27 is divisible by 3. Thus, 27 is not a prime number. This argument is strong and cogent because all the premises
2. Benar/ True. and conclusion are true.
3. Benar/ True.
P 1. 2n2 + n; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
Hujah 2. 2(5)n – n, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
3.2
Arguments 3. n(1 + n), n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
Q 1. (a) Pernyataan kerana ia adalah pernyataan palsu.
L 1. Premis 1: P = {x : x ialah nombor perdana}. (Umum)
A statement because it is a false statement.
Premise 1: P = {x : x is a prime number}. (General)
(b) 2(5) . 2(–5)
Kesimpulan: 3, 7 dan 11 ialah nombor perdana. (Khusus)
(c) Implikasi 1: Jika a3 ialah integer, maka a ialah integer.
Conclusion: 3, 7 and 11 are prime number. (Specific)
Implication 1: If a3 is an integer, then a is an integer.
Hujan deduktif / Deductive argument Implikasi 2: Jika a ialah integer, maka a3 ialah integer .
2. Premis 1 / Premise 1: Implication 2: If a is an integer, then a3 is an integer.
31 + 2 = 5, 32 + 4 = 13, 33 + 6 = 33, … (Khusus/ Specific) 2. Tempoh masa = 2 jam 20 minit = 140 minit
Kesimpulan / Conclusion: Time duration = 2 hours 20 minit = 140 minutes
3n + 2n; n = 1, 2, 3, … (Umum / General) 80 minit yang pertama / The first 80 minutes = RM16
Hujan induktif/ Inductive argument 40 minit seterusnya / The next 40 minutes
= RM1.80 × 4 = RM7.20
3. Premis 1 / Premise 1:
Hasil tambah digit dalam 21 boleh dibahagi dengan 3. (Khusus) 20 minit seterusnya / The next 20 minutes
Premise 1: The sum of digits in 21 is divisible by 3. (Specific) = RM1.00 × 2 = RM2.00
Kesimpulan: Jumlah bayaran / Total charges

Hasil tambah digit bagi gandaan 3 boleh dibahagi dengan 3. = RM16 + RM7.20 + RM2
(Umum) = RM25.20
Conclusion: 1
3. (a) × 1 × 2 = 1 cm2
The sum of digits of multiple of 3 is divisible by 3. (General) 2
Hujan induktif/ Inductive argument 1
× 2 × 3 = 3 cm2
2
M 1. Hujah tidak sah kerana tidak mematuhi bentuk hujah deduktif 1
× 3 × 4 = 6 cm2
yang sah. Tidak munasabah kerana kesimpulan adalah palsu. 2
Argument is not valid because it does not comply with a valid 1
∴ n(n + 1); n = 1, 2, 3, …
form of deductive argument. Not sound because the conclusion 2
is false.
1
2. Hujah adalah sah dan munasabah. (b) (15)(15 + 1) = 120 cm2
2
Argument is valid and sound.
3. Hujah adalah sah tetapi tidak munasabah kerana premis 1 PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM
adalah palsu.
Argument is valid but not sound because premise 1 is false.
1. (a) Luas kawasan tak berlorek bagi sebuah segi empat sama
N 1. Poligon A mempunyai sisi sama. The area of the unshaded region for one square
1
Polygon A has equal sides. = (4 × 4) – ( × π × 42)
2. Semua nombor perdana yang lebih besar daripada 2 adalah 4
= (16 – 4π) cm2
nombor ganjil.
All prime numbers that are bigger than 2 are odd numbers. Luas kawasan tak berlorek bagi corak pertama
3. 25 = 5 The area of the unshaded region for the 1st pattern
4. PQRSTU mempunyai 6 sisi yang sama. = 1(16 – 4π)
PQRSTU has 6 equal sides. Luas kawasan tak berlorek bagi corak ke-2
5. 6 bukan nombor ganjil. The area of the unshaded region for the 2nd pattern
6 is not an odd number. = 4(16 – 4π)
= 22(16 – 4π)
O 1. Hujah ini kuat dan meyakinkan kerana semua premis dan kes-
Luas kawasan tak berlorek bagi corak ke-3
impulan adalah benar.
The area of the unshaded region for the 3rd pattern
This argument is strong and cogent because all the premises
= 9(16 – 4π)
and conclusion are true.
= 32(16 – 4π)
2. Hujah ini lemah dan tidak meyakinkan kerana kesimpulan
mungkin palsu. Luas kawasan tak berlorek
The area of the unshaded region
The argument is weak and not cogent because the conclusion
= 1(16 – 4π), 22(16 – 4π), 32(16 – 4π), …
is probably false.

Luas kawasan tak berlorek bagi corak ke-n 3. (a) Jika (–2)2 . 4, maka –2 < 4 (Benar)
The area of the unshaded region for the nth pattern If (–2)2 . 4, then –2 < 4 (True)
= n2(16 – 4π) (b) PQR ialah sebuah segi tiga.
= 4n2(4 – π), n = 1, 2, 3, … PQR is a triangle.
(b) Luas kawasan tak berlorek bagi corak ke-7 4. (a) Implikasi 1: Jika perimeter bagi sebuah bulatan ialah 22 cm,
The area of the unshaded region for the 7th pattern maka diameter bulatan tersebut ialah 7 cm.
= 4(7)2(4 – π) Implication 1: If the perimeter of a circle is 22 cm, then the
= 168 cm2 diameter of the circle is 7 cm.
Implikasi 2: Jika diameter sebuah bulatan ialah 7 cm, maka
perimeter bulatan tersebut ialah 22 cm.
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM Implication 2: If the diameter of a circle is 7 cm, then the
perimeter of the circle is 22 cm.
3
Kertas 1 (b) ialah pecahan tak wajar.
2
1. 5 × (–2) = –5 × 2 dan –2 . –3 3
is an improper fraction.
5 × (–2) = –5 × 2 and –2 . –3 2
360°
Jawapan / Answer : B (c) = 72°
5
2. Jika 2n bukan satu nombor genap, maka n bukan satu nombor 5. (a) (i) Benar/ True
ganjil. (ii) Palsu/ False
If 2n is not an even number, then n is not an odd number. (b) (i) Corak pertama / 1st pattern: 142 – [π(7)2]
= 196 – 49π
Jawapan / Answer : C = 49(4 – π)
Corak ke-2/ 2nd pattern: 2 × 49(4 – π)
3. 7 . 6 Corak ke-3/ 3rd pattern: 4 × 49(4 – π)
Jawapan / Answer: D Corak ke-4/ 4th pattern: 8 × 49(4 – π)
Kesimpulan umum/ General conclusion:
4. 20 tidak boleh dibahagikan dengan 3 2n × 49(4 – π), n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
20 is not divisible by 3 (ii) 25 × 49(4 – π)
Jawapan / Answer: A = 1 568(4 – π) cm2
6. (a) Palsu/ False
Kertas 2 (b) Implikasi 1: Jika p , q, maka q – p . 0.
1. (a) Akas: Jika ∠P = ∠Q = ∠R, maka ΔPQR ialah segi tiga sama Implication 1: If p , q, then q – p . 0.
sisi. Implikasi 2 : Jika q – p . 0, maka p , q.
Converse: If ∠P = ∠Q = ∠P, then ΔPQR is an equilateral Implication 2: If q – p . 0, then p , q.
triangle. (c) Bilangan paksi simetri bagi sebuah poligon sekata dengan n sisi
ialah n .
Songsang: Jika ΔPQR bukan segi tiga sama sisi, maka
The number of axes of symmetry for a regular polygon with n
∠P ≠ ∠Q ≠ ∠R.
sides is n .
Inverse: If ΔPQR is not an equilateral triangle, then
∠P ≠ ∠Q ≠ ∠R. 7. (a) Palsu/ False
Kontrapositif: Jika ∠P ≠ ∠Q ≠ ∠R, maka ΔPQR bukan segi (b) Jika suatu sudut ialah sudut refleks, maka sudut itu berada di
tiga sama sisi. antara 180° dan 360°.
Converse: If ∠P ≠ ∠Q ≠ ∠R, then ΔPQR is not an equilat- If an angle is a reflex angle, then the angle is between 180° and
eral triangle. 360°.
(c) m tidak boleh dibahagi tepat dengan 2 dan 3.
(b) Sah tetapi tidak munasabah. m is not divisible by 2 and 3.
Valid but not sound.
8. (a) Bukan pernyataan / Not a statement
2. (a) A = p(6) ialah luas bulatan.
2 (b) Implikasi 1 : Jika x – y = 0, maka x = y
A = p(6)2 is the area of circle. Implication 1 : If x – y = 0, then x = y
Implikasi 2 : Jika x = y, maka x – y = 0
 201 
10
(b) 1 0001 + Implication 2 : If x = y, then x – y = 0
(c) 4(2)n + n, n = 1, 2, 3, …
= 1 628.89
= RM1 629

(c) A > B > C = {8, 10, 14}

BAB (A > B > C)9 = {2, 4, 6, 12}
Operasi Set
4
n(A > B > C)9 = 4
Operations on Sets
F 1. (a) (P > Q)9 = {1, 3, 9, 7}
ξ
P
Persilangan set 7
4.1
Intersection of Sets Q
3
6
4
A 1. buaya dan katak 9 1
crocodile and frog
B 1. P = {T, R, I, G, O, N, M, E}
(b) (A > B)9 = {m, n, p, q, r, s}
Q = {O, P, T, M, E, R, I}
ξ
P > Q = {E, I, M, O, R, T} A B
n(P > Q) = 6 m p
s
2. P = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28} r q
Q = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24}
R = {10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30} n

(a) P > Q = {4, 8, 12, 16, 24}, n(P > Q) = 5
(b) Q > R = {12, 16}, n(Q > R) = 2 2. (a) (X > Y)9 = {s, u, n, p, q, v, m}
(c) P > R = {12, 16}, n(P > R) = 2 X Y Z
(d) P > Q > R = {12, 16}, n(P > Q > R) = 2
u
n v
C 1. (a) A > B = {k} s t p
(b) F > G = {3, 5, 6} q m
2. (a) E > F = {4, 5}
(b) P > Q = { }
3. (a) P > Q = {k}, P > R = { }, Q > R = {c, d} (b) (E > F > G)9 = {b, e, t, h, i, v, a}
(b) A > B = {2, 6}, B > C = {6}, A > C = {4, 6} E F
4. (a) E > F = {1, 6, 8}, G > F = {1, 6}, E > F > G = {1, 6}
(b) P > Q = {g, m, n}, Q > R = {g, n}, P > Q > R = {g, n} b e t
D 1. j = {12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20} y
E = {12, 14, 16, 18, 20} r h
i
F = {12, 16, 20}
G = {12, 18, 19, 20} v a

E > F = {12, 16, 20} G

E > G = {12, 18, 20}

F > G = {12, 20} G 1. (a) ξ (b)

E > F > G = {12, 20} X ξ
A B
Y
ξ
E F
14 16
C
12
20
18
13 2. (a) ξ (b) ξ
19 X A
15 Y
G 17

E 1. A > B = {d, g} B C

(A > B)9 = {a, b, e, f, h}
n(A > B)9 = 5
3. (a) P Q (b)
2. j = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14} Q R
(a) A > C = {8, 10, 14} R P
(A > C)9 = {2, 4, 6, 12}
n(A > C)9 = 4
(b) B > C = {4, 8, 10, 14}
(B > C)9 = {2, 6, 12}
n(B > C)9 = 3

4. (a) (b) Q J 1. P = {M, A, T, E, I, K}

P
Q R
Q = {K, E, W, A, N, G}
P R
P < Q = {A, E, G, I, K, M, N, T, W}
n(P < Q) = 9
2. P = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28}

Q = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30}
H 1. (32 – 8) + 8 + (18 – 8) + k = 70
R = {2, 3, 5, 7}
42 + k = 70
k = 70 – 42 (a) P < Q = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24, 28, 30}
= 28 (b) Q < R = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 15, 30}
2. Katakan (c) P < R = {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28}
S = {murid yang akan mengambil bahagian dalam projek STEM} (d) P < Q < R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24, 28, 30}
{pupils who will be participating in STEM project} K 1. (a) A  B = {e, f, g, h}
B = {murid yang akan mengambil bahagian dalam projek (A  B)′ = {k }
BANCI} (b) A  B = {2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8}
{pupils who will be participating in BANCI project} (A  B )′ = {1, 5}
2.
(a) P  R = {3, 6, 9, 15}
ξ
S B
(P  R )′ = {12}
(b) X  Y = {a, b, c, d, e }
3
(X  Y )′ = {h, k}
3.
(a) A  B = {1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10}
(A  B )′ = {6}
(a) Bilangan murid yang hanya akan mengikuti projek STEM B  C = {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
sahaja (B  C)′ = {7}
The number of pupils who will be joining the STEM project
(b) P  Q = {s, t, u, w, x, y, z }
only
(P  Q )′ = {v }
= 12 – 3
Q  R = {s, t, u, v, x, y, z }
= 9
(Q  R )′ = {w }
(b) Bilangan murid yang hanya akan menyertai projek BANCI
The number of the pupils who will be joining the BANCI 4.
(a) P  Q = {a, b, d, e }
project only (P  Q )′ = {c, f }
= 20 – 3 P  R = {a, b, c, e, f }
= 17 (P  R )′ = {d }
(c) Bilangan pelajar yang tidak akan menyertai mana-mana (b) A  B = {4, 6, 8, 10, 14}
projek (A  B )′ = {12}
The number of pupils who will not be joing in any of the B  C = {4, 8, 10, 12, 14}
projects (B  C)′ = {6}
= 30 – (9 + 3 + 17)
=1 L 1. (a) A  B = {k, m, n, q }
n(A  B ) = 4
3. n(A  B )′ = 2
M K
(b) P  Q = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
28
74 – 28 – 3 – 9 n(P  Q) = 7
= 34 n(P  Q)′ = 2
9
12 3 2.
(a) G  F = {3, 12}
n(G  F ) = 2
n(G  F )′ = 3
V
(b) F  G = {q, r, s}
(a) Bilangan keluarga yang memiliki motosikal sahaja n(F  G ) = 3
The number of families that own motorcycle only n(F  G )′ = 3
= 61 – 34 – 9 – 12 3.
(a) (Q  R )′ = {15, 7}
=6 n(Q  R )′ = 2
(b) Bilangan keluarga yang memiliki van sahaja n(P  Q  R ) = 9
The number of families that own van only
(b) (B  C )′ = {b }
= 27 –12 – 9 – 3
n(B  C )′ = 1
=3
n(A  B  C ) = 6
Kesatuan Set 4.
(a) n (A  B) = 5
4.2
Union of Sets (B  C )′ = {e }
n(A  B )′ = 2
I 1. ikan, obor-obor, ketam dan penyu (b) n (S  T ) = 5
fish, sea gooseberry, crab and turtle (T  W )′ = {10}
n(S  T )′ = 2

M 1. (a) ξ (b) ξ
(a) (K > L)9 < M
P (K > L)9 = {35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45}
Q P Q R
M = {35, 37, 39}
\ (K > L)9 < M = {35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45}
(b) (K < L) > M9

K < L = {35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43}
2. (a) ξ (b) ξ M9 = {36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45}
P
Q A
B
\ (K < L) > M9 = {36, 38, 41, 43}
(c) (K > L) < (L > M)9
K > L = {37, 43}
(L > M)9 = {36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45}
\ (K > L) < (L > M)9 = {36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45}
N 1. 6 + x + 5 + 9 = 27
x + 20 = 27 (d) K9 >L<M
x = 27 – 20 K9 = {35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45}
= 7 K9 > L = {35, 36, 38, 39}
n(Q9) = 6 + 7 K9 > L < M = {35, 36, 37, 38, 39}
= 13
2. Q 1. (a) P
Q
ξ
S T
x y 35
R

z
(b)
P Q R
y = 51 – 35 = 16
x = 40 – 16 = 24
(a) n(S < T)
= 24 + 16 + 35
= 75
(b) n(S < T)9 2. (a)
P R
= 85 – 75
= 10
Gabungan Operasi Set

4.3
Combined Operations on Sets
O 1. A = {12, 24, 36, 48} Q

B = {6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36}
C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24} (b)
P Q
(a) A > (B < C) R
A = {12, 24, 36, 48}
(B < C) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36}
\ A > (B < C) = {12, 24, 36}
(b) (A > B) < C
A > B = {12, 24, 36}

C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24}
\ (A > B) < C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36} R (a) (X9 > Y) < Z = {2, 5, 8, 9}
(c) (A < B) > C (b) (P9 > Q) < R = {4, 5, 6, 7}
A < B = {6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48}
S 1. B L
C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24}
\ (A < B) > C = {6, 12, 24} 6 4
(d) A < (B > C) 3
18 – 6 – 4 – 3 4
A = {12, 24, 36, 48}
=5
(B > C) = {6, 12, 24}
\ A < (B > C) = {6, 12, 24, 36, 48} D
P 1. j = {35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45} (a) (i) n(L sahaja / L only)
K = {37, 41, 43} = 20 – 4 – 3 – 4
L = {35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43} = 9
M = {35, 37, 39}

(ii) n(D sahaja / D only) 3. ξ

= 19 – 5 – 3 – 4 T U
= 7
(b) jumlah peserta yang bertanding dalam satu acara sahaja b d
the total number of participants who competed in one event c
V
only a e
f
=6+9+7
= 22
T > U9 = {b}
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM (T > U9) < V = {b, e, f}
Answer: B
Jawapan/
1. K: kereta / car; M: motosikal / motorcycle; V: van / van
4.
K M ξ
B
76 44 36 d
A
50 f c
32 60 h
e
v
V

Bilangan keluarga yang memiliki dua buah kenderaan sahaja
B9 = {f, h, v}
Number of families that owned two vehicles only Answer: D
Jawapan/
= 44 + 32 + 60
= 136 buah keluarga / families
5. 2p + 18 = 1 (2p + 3p + 60 + 18)
3
2. P9 = {6, 7, 8}
3(2p + 18) = 5p + 78
P9 > Q = {6}
6p + 54 = 5p + 78
P > Q  R = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
6p – 5p = 78 – 54
p = 24
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM n(M) = 18 + 3(24) + 10
= 100
Kertas 1
Answer: C
Jawapan/
1. M = {88, 92, 96} 6. Q
P R
N = {89, 93, 97}
8
(M  N) = {86, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98} 9–5 7 13 – 7
Jawapan / Answer: D =4 =6
2. n(M sahaja / M only) = 100 – 45 20 – 8 – 7

= 55 =5
n(D sahaja / D only) = 30 – 20
= 10 n(Q9) = 4 + 6
= 10
n(M  P  D) = 240 – 55 – 75 – 10
= 100 Answer: B
Jawapan/
7.
Beza antara bilangan pekerja yang tidak terlibat dalam ketiga- P
tiga bahagian dengan bilangan pekerja bahagian pembungkusan c
Difference between the number of workers who are not involved
in the three sections with the number of workers in packaging b d
e
section
= 100 – 75 a
f g
= 25
Q R
Jawapan / Answer: A
P > Q = {b, e}
R9 = {a, b, c}
(P > Q) > R9 = {b}
Answer: A
Jawapan/
8. P9 = {a, e, f, g}
Answer: C
Jawapan/

9. n(M < N) = 45 + 30 – 18
= 57
BAB
Rangkaian dalam Teori Graf
5
n(M < N)9 = 100 – 57
= 43 Network in Graph Theory
Answer: B
Jawapan/
10. n(j) = 30 + 24 – 10 Rangkaian

5.1
= 44 Network
Answer: B
Jawapan/
A 1. (a) Bucu / Vertex
(b) Tepi / Edge
Kertas 2
2. (a) Tepi / Edge
1. (a) T  S (b) Gelung / Loop
(c) Berbilang tepi / Multiple edges
(b) K = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, …}
L = {1, 2} 3. (a) Gelung / Loop
M = {1, 2, 4, 8} (b) Berbilang tepi / Multiple edges
(c) Bucu / Vertex
K M
L
B 1. d(1) = 2
{(1, 2), (1, 5), d(2) = 3
2(6)
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (2, 3), (2, 4), 5 6 d(3) = 2
= 12
(3, 4), (4, 5)} d(4) = 3
d(5) = 2
2. (a) B = {3, 5, 11} , A
A 2. d(P) = 1
B d(Q) = 2
{(P, Q), (Q, R), 2(4)
{P, Q, R, S, T} 5 4 d(R) = 2
(R, S), (S, T)} =8
d(S) = 2
d(T) = 1
3. d(J) = 2
{(J, K), (J, K),
(b) d(K) = 6
P Q R (K, M), (K, L), 2(8)
{J, K, L, M, N} 5 8 d(L) = 3
(K, N), (K, N), = 16
d(M) = 3
(M, M), (L, L)}
d(N) = 2
PQ
4. {(1, 2), (1, 2), d(1) = 3
P>Q<R (1, 3), (2, 3), d(2) = 3 2(7)
{1, 2, 3, 4} 4 7
(3, 3), (3, 4), d(3) = 5 = 14
3. (a) (4, 4)} d(4) = 3
N M
C 1. 3
T
4. 3
D 1. C
B

(b)
N c M A
D
E
T
b d e F
a
2.
E

M > N = {d} D F
(M > N) < T = {d, a, b} A
G
N M C
B
T

(a) Masa terpendek

E 1. V = {A, B, C, D, E, F} din(A) = 1, dout(A) = 1
Shortest time
E = {(A, F), (B, A), (B, C), (B, D), din(B) = 1, dout(B) = 3
= Rumah Hani → F → E → Rumah Jenny
(C, D), (D, E), (F, E), (F, B)} din(C) = 1, dout(C) = 1
Hani’s house → F → E → Jenny’s house
din(D) = 2, dout(D) = 1
= 18 minit/ minutes
din(E) = 2, dout(E) = 0
din(F) = 1, dout(F) = 2 (b) Masa terpanjang
Σd(V) = 16 Longest time
= Rumah Hani → B → C → F → E → Rumah Jenny
2. V = {A, B, C, D, E, F, G} din(A) = 1, dout(A) = 3
Hani’s house → B → C → F → E → Jenny’s house
E = {(A, B), (A, C), (A, G), (B, C), din(B) = 1, dout(B) = 1
= 23 minit/ minutes
(C, D), (D, F), (E, D), (F, E), din(C) = 2, dout(C) = 1
(F, A)} din(D) = 2, dout(D) = 1 H 1. 7, 3, 3 2. 7, 3, 7
din(E) = 1, dout(E) = 1 I 1. 7 2. 7 3. 3
din(F) = 1, dout(F) = 2
din(G) = 1, dout(G) = 0 J 1. (a) 8 tepi/ edges
Σd(V) = 18
3. V = {P, Q, R, S, T } din(P) = 1, dout(P) = 2
E = {(P, Q), (P, P), (Q, T), (R, Q), din(Q) = 3, dout(Q) = 1
(R, S), (S, T), (T, Q)} din(R) = 0, dout(R) = 2
din(S) = 1, dout(S) = 1
din(T) = 2, dout(T) = 1
Σd(V) = 14
(b) 10 tepi/ edges
4. V = {P, Q, R, S, T, U, W } din(P) = 3, dout(P) = 3
E = {(P, R), (P, S), (P, W), (Q, P), din(Q) = 1, dout(Q) = 1
(R, Q), (R, S), (S, T), (T, P), din(R) = 1, dout(R) = 2
(T, U), (U, P), (W, W)} din(S) = 2, dout(S) = 1
din(T) = 1, dout(T) = 2
din(U) = 1, dout(U) = 1
din(W) = 2, dout(W) = 1
Σd(V) = 22
2. (a) 7 bucu/ vertices
F 1. C B
D

E (b) 8 bucu/ vertices
A
2. Q
U R
P

T S
K 1. (a) J
3. A B
B C
H
D
A
C
G
F

E D E

G 1. Laluan yang boleh dilalui: (b)
Paths can be taken: J
C
(i) Hani → B → C → Jenny
Masa/ Time = 5 + 8 + 7 = 20 minit/ minutes B
H
(ii) Hani → B → C → F → E → Jenny
D
Masa/ Time = 5 + 8 + 3 + 2 + 5 = 23 minit/ minutes
(iii) Hani → F → E → Jenny A
Masa/ Time = 11 + 2 + 5 = 18 minit/ minutes G
F
E
L 1. Laluan 2 kerana jumlah tambangnya yang lebih murah dan

B 8 C hanya perlu menukar stesen sekali sahaja.
Route 2 because the total fares is cheaper and only need to
change the stations once.
A 5 3
2. (a)
6
A B
D 1 6
F E 5 12 2
Jumlah pemberat minimum pokok 3 7
13
Minimum total weight of the tree 8
4
=5+3+8+5+6 10 5
= 27 11
2. 9
Q
C
20 R
23
P (b) (i) (A > C)9 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13}
U 24 (ii) (A < B)9 = {9}
18 C = {4, 5, 9, 10, 11}
26 (A < B)9 > C = {9}
T
S (iii) A < B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13}
Jumlah pemberat minimum pokok A < C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}
Minimum total weight of the tree (A < B) > (A < C) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13}
= 18 + 20 + 23 + 26 + 24
= 111 PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM
M 1. Katakan P = Priti, Q = Que, R = Ray, S = Siti, T = Tisha dan
U = Umi 1. Jumlah masa diambil / Total time taken
Let P = Priti, Q = Que, R = Ray, S = Siti, T = Tisha and U = Umi = 6 + 3 + 1
= 10 min

V = {P, Q, R, S, T, U}

E = {Jalan Kuning, Jalan Hijau, Jalan Merah, Jalan Putih, Jalan 2. (a) Susunan tempat dengan jarak terpendek:
Biru, Jalan Jingga, Jalan Kelabu} Arrangement of the places with the shortest distance:
F → A → E → D → G → B → C
Q
Jalan Kuning (b) Jumlah jarak
P Jalan Hijau Total distance
Jalan Jingga
= 2 + 5 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 8
Jalan Biru Jalan Kelabu
U = 31 km
R
T Jalan Merah
Jalan Putih
S
Kertas 1
2.
Pe or
1. E = {(J, K), (J, L), (J, N), (J, P), (K, L), (L, M), (M, N), (N, O),
la t D
P
bu ic
(O, P)}
Te Kl
ha s
lu an
n(E) = 9
n on
k g
Pa lor rth
In
k
ta
da Se
Bu Ip
Answer: C
Jawapan/
A o
n
Se
ng ta
tte oh
re
rw
Be r
m
sa
ba
2. E = {(A, B), (A, D), (A, E), (B, C), (C, D), (C, D), (D, E),
G
n
em
Kuala Tapah (E, F), (F, F)}

as
Lumpur
Bilangan darjah / Sum of degrees
Jo
Se r Ba
h
= 2(9)
ga hr
o
Mentakab Gua Pasir Tumpat

m u
= 18
at
Musang Mas
Answer: B
Jawapan/
N 1. Laluan 1 / Route 1: Bandar Tasik Selatan → Chan Sow Lin →
Maluri → Sri Raya 3. Bilangan darjah / Sum of degrees
Jumlah tambang / Total fares = 3 + 4 + 3 + 2 = 12
= RM2.70 + RM1.40 + RM3.10 Bilangan darjah adalah genap, maka graf boleh dibentuk.
= RM7.20 The sum of degrees is even, thus the graph can be formed.
Laluan 2 / Route 2: Bandar Tasik Selatan → Kajang → Sri Raya Answer: D
Jawapan/
Jumlah tambang / Total fares
= RM3.00 + RM3.10
= RM6.10

4. B
C (1, 3) (2, 2) (2, 3)
A
B 1. x + 2y 6 x + 2y 6 x + 2y 6
1 + 2(3) = 7 6 2 + 2(2) = 6 6 2 + 2(3) = 8 6

F
7 . 6 (Ya / Yes) 6 . 6 (Tidak / No) 8 . 6 (Ya / Yes)

E D

din(A) = 3, dout(A) = 2 2. 3x – 2y –3 3x – 2y –3 3x – 2y –3

din(B) = 2, dout(B) = 1
3(1) – 2(3) 3(2) – 2(2) 3(2) – 2(3)
din(C) = 1, dout(C) = 2
–3 –3 –3
= –3 =2 =0

din(D) = 1, dout(D) = 1

din(E) = 1, dout(E) = 2 –3 < –3 (Ya / Yes) 2 < –3 (Tidak / No) 0 < –3 (Tidak / No)

din(F) = 1, dout(F) = 1
∑d(V) = 18
C 1. (a) y (b) y
Answer: C
Jawapan/
x=2 x = –4
Kertas 2
x2 x –4
1. Bucu A / Vertex A: Bucu E / Vertex E:
x x
x2 = x1 + 7 x5 + x7 = x3 + x4 0 2 –4 0
= 9 + 7 x5 + 14 = 7 + 9
= 16 x5 = 16 – 14
= 2 2. (a) (b)
x = –3 y y x=5
Bucu B / Vertex B: Bucu D / Vertex D:
x4 = x1 x5 + x6 = x2 x –3 x5
= 9 2 + x6 = 16 x x
–3 0 0 5
x6 = 14
Bucu C / Vertex C:
x3 = 7
x7 = 2(7)
= 14 3. (a) y (b)
y
2. Susunan restoran dengan kos paling rendah: y2

y=6
The arrangement of the restaurants with the lowest cost: 2
y=2 6
H → C → D → E → G → B → A → F x y6
0
Jumlah kos 0
x
Total cost
= 90 + 100 + 120 + 120 + 90 + 180 + 160
= RM860 D 1. (a) (b)
y y y = 4x – 5
y = 2x + 3
3
x
0 5
BAB 4
Ketaksamaan Linear dalam Dua Pemboleh x
6
0
Ubah – 3 –5
2
Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
Ketaksamaan Linear dalam Dua Pemboleh Ubah

6.1 2. (a) y (b)
Linear Inequalities in Two Variables y
A 1. 100x + 80y < 2 500 5

2. p + q < 100 x
0
3. m – n > 25 x –1
0 4 –1
4. Katakan g = bilangan kek cawan perisa coklat dan h = bilangan 5
2
kek cawan perisa vanila y = –2x + 5 y = –4x – 1
Let g = number of chocolate flavored cupcakes and h = number
of vanilla flavored cupcakes
h . 2g


3. (a) y (b) y y = 3x – 2 3.
Rantau Titik Ketaksamaan
3/7
4 Region Point Inequalities
y = 2x + 4
0
x 2(–2) > –3(2) – 6 7
2
A (2, –2)
3
–2 0
x
–2 3(–2) . –5(2) – 15 3
2(1) > –3(1) – 6 3
B (1, 1)
3(1) . – 5(1) – 15 3
2(1) > –3(– 4) – 6 3
C (– 4, 1)
4. (a) y (b) y
3(1) . –5(– 4) – 15 7

Rantau B memuaskan kedua-dua ketaksamaan.
2
1 y = –2x + 1 y = 2 – 3x Region B satisfies both inequalities.
x x
0 1 0 2
G 1. y
2 3
5 y = 2x + 3
4
Sistem Ketaksamaan Linear dalam Dua Pemboleh Ubah
6.2 y=3
Systems of Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
3
E 1. (a) x + y < 250 2

1
y = 2x
(b) y > 2x 1
(c) x – y > 15
x
–2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
2. (a) t + s , 10
–1
(b) t + s > 4
(c) t – s . 1
3. (a) x + y < 100 2.

y
(b) 7x + 6y > 700 x=3
6
y=4
4
F 1.
3/7 2
Region Point Inequalities
2 > –2(1) + 6 7 x
A (1, 2) –4 –2 O 2 4 6
2,3 7 –2
y = –3x + 5
4 < –2(4) + 6 3 –4
B (4, 4)
4,3 7
1 > –2(4) + 6 3
C (4, 1) 3. y
1,3 3
8
y=7
Rantau C memuaskan kedua-dua ketaksamaan. 6
Region C satisfies both inequalities. y = 2x – 2
4
2.
3/7 2
Region Point Inequalities
8 < 2(–2) + 8 7 x
A (–2, 8) –4 –2 O 2 4 6
8 > –(–2) + 3 3 –2
4 < 2(4) + 8 3 –4
y = –2x + 6
B (4, 4)
4 > –4 + 3 3
1 < 2(1) + 8 3
C (1, 1)
1 > –1 + 3 7

Rantau B memuaskan kedua-dua ketaksamaan.
Region B satisfies both inequalities.

H 1. y = –x + 2; 2. y
y
x 0 2
(–5, 6)
y 2 0 4 1
x=2
3

y = 2x + 1; 2 1
x
x 0 1 y = 2x + 1 2 0
x
y 1 3 –2 O 2 4
Persamaan/ Equation 1:
y = –x + 2
–2 6–1
Kecerunan/ Gradient = = –1
–5 – 0
Pintasan-y/ y-intercept, c = 1
2. y = –3x – 3 y
\ y = –x + 1
x 0 –1 4 Persamaan/ Equation 2:
y –3 0 Garis lurus ialah paksi-x.
2 The straight line is x-axis.
4y = –3x + 8 \ y = 0
4y = –3x +8
x 0 4 x Persamaan/ Equation 3:
–2 O 2 4 Garis lurus adalah selari dengan paksi-y.
y 2 –1 The straight line is parallel to y-axis.
–2
y = –3x – 3 \ x = –5
Maka, ketaksamaan yang memuaskan rantau berlorek:
Hence, the inequalities that satisfy the shaded region:
y < –x + 1, y > 0 dan/and x . –5
3. 2y = x – 1 y
x 3 –1 4 1
3. m = – =2
y=3 1
y 1 –1 (– )
2
2
c=1

y = –x + 2

∴ y = 2x + 1
x 0 2 x
–2 O 2 4
y 2 0 3
m=– = –1
–2 3
2y = x – 1 y = –x + 2 c=3

∴ y = –x + 3
I 1. Persamaan/ Equation 1: Maka, ketaksamaan yang memuaskan rantau berlorek:

0–4 y , 2x + 1, y < –x + 3 dan / and y > 0
Kecerunan/ Gradient = =1
0–4
Pintasan-y/ y-intercept, c = 0 J 1. (a) x + y < 80

\ y = x y – x < 20
(b) x + y = 80;
Garis lurus ialah paksi-y. x 0 80
The straight line is y-axis.
\ x = 0 y 80 0

Garis lurus adalah selari dengan paksi-x. y – x = 20;
The straight line is parallel to x-axis.
x 0 50
\ y = – 4
y 20 70
Maka, ketaksamaan yang memuaskan rantau berlorek:
y < x, x < 0 dan/and y . –4

(c) Julat bilangan guru adalah antara 20 hingga 50 orang.

y The range of the number of teachers is between 20 to 50
teachers.
80
x + y = 80
60
x – y = 20 PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM
Kertas 1
12
40
1. m = –
18
2
= –
3
20 c = 12
y = mx + c
2
x ∴ y = – x + 12
O 20 40 60 80
3
Rantau berlorek di atas garis lurus
Shaded region is above the straight line
2
y > – x + 12
(c) Bilangan minimum pelajar Matematik Tambahan 3
The minimum number of Additional Mathematics students 3y > –2x + 36
= 20 2x + 3y > 36
Bilangan maksimum pelajar Matematik Tambahan Jawapan / Answer: D
The maximum number of Additional Mathematics students
= 40
10 – (–2)
2. m =
5 – (–7)
2. (a) x + y < 40; = 1
15x + 35y > 700 Menggunakan / Using (5, 10)
3x + 7y > 140 y = mx + c
(b) y 10 = 1(5) + c
c = 5
40 ∴y=x+5
Rantau berlorek di bawah garis lurus
x + y = 40 Shaded region is below the straight line
30
y,x+5
Jawapan / Answer: A
20
3. y = 2x + 6 (Garis padu / Solid line)
3x + 7y = 140 ∴ y < 2x + 6
10
y = x (Garis padu / Solid line)
∴y>x
O
x y = 6 (Garis sempang / Dashed line)
10 20 30 40
∴y,6
Jawapan / Answer: C
(c) 15 buah kereta / cars
4. y > x (Garis padu / Solid line):
Lorek atas garis lurus
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM Shade above the straight line
y , –x + 5 (Garis sempang / Dashed line):
(a) x + y < 80 y Lorek bawah garis lurus
x – y < 10 Shade below the straight line
80 y
(b) x + y = 80; x + y = 80
70 y=x
x 0 80 60
50
y 80 0 x – y = 10
40
30 x
x – y = 10; O
20 y = –x + 5
x 10 40 10
y 0 30 x Jawapan / Answer: A
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Kertas 2 4. y < 2x y y = 2x
Lorek bawah garis lurus
1. y < –x + 8
Shade below the straight line
Lorek bawah garis lurus
Shade below the straight line 2y > x
Lorek atas garis lurus 2y = x
y . 2x x
Shade above the straight line 4
Lorek atas garis lurus 0
x=4
Shade above the straight line x < 4 (Garis padu / Solid line)
Lorek belah kiri garis lurus
x . 1 (Garis sempang / Dashed line)
Shade the left side of the straight line
Lorek belah kanan garis lurus
Shade the right side of the straight line
y
x=1 y = 2x 5. y > 2x – 6
Lorek atas garis lurus y
Shade above the straight line y = 2x – 6
4
y = –x + 8
y.1–x
Lorek atas garis lurus x
0
Shade above the straight line
y=1–x
y < 4 (Garis padu / Solid line)
x
0 Lorek bawah garis lurus

2. y > 6 – 2x

Lorek atas garis lurus
Shade above the straight line
y<6 6. (a) x + y < 250
Lorek bawah garis lurus 1
y > x
Shade below the straight line 2
x , 3 (Garis sempang / Dashed line) (b) x + y = 250

Lorek belah kiri garis lurus x 0 250
Shade the left side of the straight line
y 250 0

y x=3
1
y=6 y= x
2
x 0 200
y 0 100
0 3
x
y = 6 – 2x

y
3. y > x – 1
Lorek atas garis lurus 250
Shade above the straight line x + y = 250
1 200
y< x+1
3
Lorek bawah garis lurus 150
100 1
y= x
y . –3 (Garis sempang / Dashed line) 2
Lorek belah kanan garis lurus 50
Shade the right side of the straight line
x
y 0 50 100 150 200 250

1 x+1
y=— y=x–1
3
0
x (c) Jisim minimum / Minimum mass
–3
–1 = 50 kg
Jisim maksimum / Maximum mass
= 150 kg

BAB
Jarak / Distance (m)
Graf Gerakan
7 Graphs of Motion 350
300
Graf Jarak-Masa 250

7.1
Distance-Time Graphs 200
150
A 1. Jarak / Distance (m)
100
25
50
20 Masa (min)
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (min)
15
10
5 C 1. (a) positif / positive

Masa / Time (b) 25 m; 10 s
O 10 20 30 40 50 (min) (c) sifar / zero
(d) pegun / stationary; 10 s
(e) 25 m; 40 s
2. Jarak / Distance (m) (f) negatif / negative
(g) 50 m; bertentangan / opposite; 20 s
50
8
40 D 1. (a) Laju / Speed =
4
30 = 2 m s–1
20 124
(b) Laju / Speed =
2.5
10
Masa / Time
= 49.6 km j–1 (km h–1)
O 5 10 15 20 25 (s)
39 – 9
2. (a) Laju / Speed =
5–0
30
3. Jarak / Distance (m) =
5
= 6 m min–1
75
54 – 12
60 (b) Laju / Speed =
0.8 – 0
45 42
=
0.8
30
= 52.5 m j–1 (m h–1)
15
Masa / Time
(s) E 1. Laju kereta / Speed of car
O 2 4 6 8 10
120 – 0
=
2–0
= 60 km/j (km/h)
B 1.
Masa, t (min) Laju van / Speed of van
0 6
Time, t (min)
0 – 120
=
Jarak, s (m) 3–0
350 50
Distance, s (m) = –40 km/j (km/h)
Apabila / When t = 0, Apabila / When t = 6, Perbezaan laju / Difference in speed

s = –50(0) + 350 s = –50(6) + 350 = 60 – 40
= 20 km/j (km/h)
= 350 = 50
F 1. (a) Laju kereta bagi 2 jam yang pertama
Speed of the car for the first 2 hours
130 – 0
= 0900 – 0700
2
= 2 jam / hours
= 65 km/j (km/h)

Kereta itu bergerak sejauh 130 km dengan laju 65 km/j Graf Laju-Masa
bagi 2 jam yang pertama. 7.2
Speed-Time Graphs
The car moves for 130 km with a speed of 65 km/h in the
first 2 hours. I 1. Laju / Speed (m s–1)
(b) Laju kereta bagi 0.75 jam yang terakhir

10
Speed of the car for the last 0.75 hours
190 – 140 1015 – 0930 8
=
0.75 = 45 minit / minutes 6
= 66.7 km/j (km/h) = 45
60 4
Kereta itu bergerak sejauh 50 km = 0.75 jam / hours
dengan laju 66.7 km/j bagi 0.75 jam 2
yang terakhir. Masa / Time
The car moves for 50 km with a speed of 66.7 km/h in the O 1 2 3 4 5 (s)
last 0.75 hour.
G 1. Laju purata / Average speed

7+5 2. Laju / Speed (m s–1)
=
1.5
= 8 km j–1 (km h–1) 25
20
H 1. (a) Jumlah jarak / Total distance
= 50 + 50 15
= 100 km 10
50 5
(b) Masa / Time =
75 Masa / Time
2 O 2 4 6 8 10 (s)
= jam / hours
3
Maka / Hence, t = 40 minit / minutes
3. Laju / Speed (m s–1)
(c) Laju purata / Average speed
100 5
=
100
4
60
= 60 km j–1 (km h–1) 3
2
2. (a) Jumlah jarak / Total distance
1
= 65 + 65 Masa / Time
= 130 km O (s)
10 20 30 40 50
65 – 36
(b) Masa / Time =
43.5
2
= jam / hours J 1.
3 t (s) 0 20
2
60 – t = × 60 v (m s ) –1
60 0
3
= 40
t = 60 – 40 Laju / Speed (m s–1)
= 20 minit / minutes
60
(c) Laju purata / Average speed
45
130
= 30
150
1 60 2 15
= 52 km j–1 (km h–1) Masa (s)
O 5 10 15 20 Time (s)

2. (b) Jarak yang dilalui / Distance travelled

t (s) 0 4
1 30
v (m s–1) 2 6 =
2
×  
60
× 20
= 5 km
Laju / Speed (m s–1)
2. (a) Jarak yang dilalui / Distance travelled
1
8 = × (30 + 90) × 0.04
2
6 = 2.4 km
4 (b) Jarak yang dilalui / Distance travelled
1
2 = × (60 + 20) × 6
2
Masa(s) = 240 km
O 1 2 3 4 Time(s)
M 1. Jarak yang dilalui

Distance travelled
3. 1
t (s) 0 12 = × (24 + 18) × 36
2
v (m s–1) 50 20 = 756 m
2. Jarak yang dilalui
Distance travelled
1
50 = × [(16 – 7) + 20] × 28
2
40 = 406 m
30 3. Jarak yang dilalui
20 Distance travelled
1 1
= × (10 + 6) × 2 + × (6 + 4) × 6
10 2 2
Masa(s) = 16 + 30
O 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time(s) = 46 m
1
× (18 + t – 6) × 24 = 312
N 1. (a)
4. 2
t (s) 0 6 312
12 + t =
12
v (m s–1) 5 25
= 26
t = 14
1 1
(b) × (9 + 9 – t) × 12 + × (12 + 20) × 6 = 180
25 2 2
6(18 – t ) + 96 = 180
20
180 – 96
18 – t =
15 6
= 14
10 t = 4
5
Masa(s) O 1. Jumlah jarak yang dilalui
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time(s) The distance travelled
1 1
= 3 × (16 + 10) × 44 + 3 × (5 + 8) × 104
2 2
= 52 + 65
K 1. Luas di bawah graf / Area under the graph
= 117 m
= 2 j × 75 km j–1 (2 h × 75 km h–1)
= 150 km Laju purata/ The average speed
117
Jarak yang dilalui / Distance travelled =
12
= Laju × Masa / Speed × Time
= 9.75 m s–1
= 75 km j–1 × 2 j / (75 km h–1 × 2 h)
= 150 km
2. Jumlah jarak yang dilalui
L 1. (a) Jarak yang dilalui / Distance travelled The total distance travelled
1 1 1
= × 2 × 12 = 3 × (24 + 27) × 94 + 3 × (15 – 9) × 274
2 2 2
= 12 km = 229.5 + 81
= 310.5 m

Laju purata / The average speed (b) Jarak dalam t saat = 282

310.5 The distance in t seconds
= 162 + (t – 9)(20) = 282
15
= 20.7 m s–1 162 + 20t – 180 = 282
20t – 18 = 282
P 1. (a) Tiada perubahan / No changes; t = 15
laju seragam / uniform speed (c) Pecutan / Acceleration = 0.8 m s–2
(b) sifar / zero
v
(c) bertambah / increases; 15 m s–1; 30 m s–1; = 0.8
pecutan / acceleration
v – 20
(d) positif / positive = 0.8
10
(e) positif / positive
(f) berkurang / decreases; 30 m s–1; 0 m s–1; v – 20 = 8
nyahpecutan / deceleration v = 28
(g) negatif / negative
(h) negatif / negative 4. (a) Kadar perubahan laju
Rate of change of speed
Q 1. Kadar perubahan laju bagi 8 saat pertama 15 – 2.5
=
Rate of change of speed for the first 8 seconds 10 – 0
10 – 30 = 1.25 m s–2
=
8–0
= –2.5 m s–2 (b) Jarak yang dilalui
Distance travelled
Kadar perubahan laju bagi 17 saat terakhir
Rate of change of speed for the last 17 seconds = 3 × (2.5 + 15) × 104 + 3(20 – 10) × 154
20 – 10 = 87.5 + 150
=
25 – 8 = 237.5 m
= 0.59 m s–2
Objek mengalami nyahpecutan dengan kadar 2.5 m s–2 bagi (c) Pecutan selepas saat ke-20 = pecutan pada 10 saat yang
8 saat pertama dan pecutan dengan kadar 0.59 m s–2 bagi pertama
17 saat terakhir. Acceleration after 20th second = acceleration in the first
The object decelerates at a rate of 2.5 m s–2 for the first 10 seconds
8 seconds and accelerates at a rate of 0.59 m s–2 for the last
0 – 15
17 seconds. –1 t – 20 2 = 1.25
–15
R 1. Jarak kereta A(OPQ) – jarak kereta B(RS) = 35
Distance of car A(OPQ) – distance of car B(RS) = 35
1 t – 20 2 = 1.25
–
1 1 15
3 2 × (18 + 18 – 8) × (v – 10)4 – 3 2 × v × (22 – 8)4 = 35
t – 20
= 1.25
14v – 140 – 7v = 35 t – 20 = 12
7v = 175 t = 32
v = 25
2. Jarak kereta (ORS) – jarak van(TU) = 50

PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM
Distance of the car (ORS) – distance of the van(TU) = 50
1 1 1. (a) (i) Masa apabila kereta dan van bertemu
3 2 × (15 + 15 – 5) × (v – 8)4 – 3 2 × v × (15 – 5)4 = 50 The time when the car and the van meet
12.5(v – 8) – 5v = 50 = 3.40 p.m. + 50 minit / minutes
12.5 v – 100 – 5v = 50 = 4.30 p.m.
7.5v = 150
v = 20 (ii) Jarak dari Bandar L / The distance from Town L
= 90 – 40
3. (a) Jumlah jarak untuk 9 saat pertama
The total distance for the first 9 seconds = 50 km
1
= × (16 + 20) × 9 (b) Laju purata / Average speed
2
= 162 m 90
=
130
Laju purata / Average speed =
162
9
1
60 2
= 18 m s–1 = 41.54 km j–1 (km h–1)
2. (a) 48 km j–1 (km h–1)

(b) Kadar perubahan laju / The rate of change of speed (b) Laju purata / The average speed
48 130
= =
20 170
601 2 601 2
= 144 km j (km h )
–2 –2 = 45.88 km j–1 (km h–1)
1 2. (a) Tempoh masa / Duration of time

(c) 20 minit / minutes = jam / hour
3 =8–4
Beza jarak = 32 = 4 saat / seconds
The difference in distance
(b) Kadar perubahan laju / The rate of change of speed
1 1 1 1
31 2 ×
3 2 1
× 48 + t –
3
× 48 –2 2 4 3
× t × 48 = 32 4 =
18 – 0
4–0
8 + 48t – 16 – 24t = 32
24t – 8 = 32 = 4.5 m s–2
5
t = 4
5
3 (c) 1Jarak yang dilalui
4 saat pertama 2 = 7
× 1jarak yang dilalui dari saat
ke-8 hingga saat ke-t 2
t = jam / hours Distance travelled in 4 Distance travelled from the 8th
3 1
the first 4 seconds
= 2 7
× 1second to t th second 2
1 4 1
× 4 × 18 = × × (t – 8) × (18 + 24)
2 7 2
36 = 12(t – 8)

36 =
12t =
12t – 96
136
Kertas 1 t = 11
1. Jawapan/ Answer: C
3. (a) Tempoh masa / Length of time
2. Jarak yang dilalui / The distance travelled = 550 = 15 minit / minutes
1 1
3 2 × (v + 18) × 84 + 3(26 – 8) × 184 + 3 2 × (36 – 26) × 184 = 550 (b) Laju / Speed
4(v + 18) + 324 + 90 = 550 96
=
60 + 45

4v + 72 + 414
4v
=
=
550
64
1 60 2
v = 16 = 54.86 km j–1 (km h–1)

Jawapan/ Answer: A (c) Purata laju / The average speed
10 240
3. Laju purata / Average speed = =
40 4
60 = 60 km j–1 (km h–1)
= 15 km/j (km/h)

Jawapan/ Answer: D 34 – 12
4. (a) = 2.75
t – 12
Kertas 2 22 = 2.75(t – 12)
22
1. (a) (i) p = 130 – 60 t – 12 =
2.75
= 70 = 8
q = 60 + 30 t = 20
= 90
(b) 20 – 12 = 8 minit / minutes
(ii) Jarak / Distance (km) (c) Laju purata / Average speed
20
= 34 ÷
60
130 = 102 km j–1 (km h–1)
p = ___
70
Masa (min)
0 Time (min)
50 q = ___
90 170

(b) Pemain K mempunyai serakan jarak yang lebih luas.

BAB
Player K has a wider dispersion of distance.
Sukatan Serakan Data Tak Terkumpul
8
(c) Pemain J kerana kebanyakan jaraknya berada pada nilai
Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data yang lebih tinggi.
Player J because most of the distance at a higher value.
Serakan Sukatan Serakan

8.1 8.2
Dispersion Measures of Dispersion
A 1. Umur terbesar / Largest age = 58 C 1. (a) Julat / Range

Umur terkecil / Smallest age = 29 =8–1=7
Beza umur / Difference in age (b) Julat / Range
= 58 – 29 = 100 – 30 = 70
= 29 tahun / years (c) Julat / Range
2. Bilangan mesej tertinggi = 53 – 43 = 10
Highest number of messages (d) Julat / Range
= 20 mesej / messages = 9.2 – 6.8 = 2.4
Bilangan mesej terendah 2. (a) Julat / Range
Lowest number of messages = 50 – 10 = 40
= 13 mesej / messages (b) Julat / Range
Beza / Difference =5–0=5
= 20 – 13
= 7 mesej / messages D 1.
48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 58, 58, 60, 63, 65
3. Masa terpanjang / Longest time
Q1 Median Q3
Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range
Masa terpendek / Shortest time
= 60 – 51
=9
Beza masa / Difference in time
= 89 – 33 2.
11, 12, 15, 16, 16, 18, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 24, 26
Q1 Median Q3
B 1. (a) Ujian Februari Ujian Mei Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range
February Test May Test
22 + 24 15 + 16
4 4 6 8 8 = –
2 2
3 2 5 2 5 = 7.5
7 6 5 6 2 3 4 5 7 9
4 4 2 0 7 0 3 7 3.
6 5 4 4 2 8 0 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17
Kekunci: 4 | 4 | 6 bermakna 44 markah dan 46 markah. Q1 Median Q3

Key: 4 | 4 | 6 means 44 marks and 46 marks.
(b) Kebanyakan markah ujian Februari adalah lebih baik = 15 – 10
daripada ujian Mei. =5
Most of the marks in February test are better than in May
test. 4.
1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.9
2. (a)
Pemain J / Player J Q1 Median Q3
1.6 + 1.7 1.3 + 1.4
= –
2 2
68 69 70 71 72
= 0.3
Jarak (m) / Distance (m)
Pemain K / Player K
68 69 70 71 72
Jarak (m) / Distance (m)
5. 3. Min / Mean
Bilangan buku
– 31 + 32 + 34 + 36 + 40 + 45 + 48
dibaca x =
1 2 3 4 5 7
Number of
= 38
books read
x – 2)
(x – x Varians / Variance
Kekerapan
Frequency
10 3 6 5 8
31 49 (x – x–)2
s2 =
N
Kekerapan 32 36 258
longgokan =
10 13 19 24 32 34 16 7
Cumulative
= 36.857
frequency 36 4
Kedudukan data 40 4 Sisihan piawai
1 – 10 11 – 13 14 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 32
Position of data Standard deviation
45 49
s = 36.857
1 1 48 100 = 6.071
Q1 = cerapan ke- 14 × 32 / 14 2
× 32 th value
(x – x–2)= 258
= cerapan ke-8 / 8th value
=1 4.
3 3 x x2 Min / Mean
Q3 = cerapan ke-
4 1
× 32 /
4 2 1
× 32 th value 2 0.6 0.36 x =
12.8
= cerapan ke-24 / 24 value
th 10
=4 0.8 0.64 = 1.28
Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range 0.9 0.81 Varians / Variance
=4–1 0.9 0.81 x2
s2 = – x 2
=3 N
1.1 1.21 18.54
= – 1.282
E 1. Min / Mean 1.4 1.96 10
15 + 16 + 18 + 20 + 24 + 25 + 29 = 0.2156
x= = 21 1.6 2.56
7 Sisihan piawai
1.7 2.89
Varians / Variance Standard deviation
x (x – x) 2
1.7 2.89
(x – x)2 s = 0.2156
15 36 s2 = 2.1 4.41 = 0.464
N
16 25 160 x = 12.8 x = 18.54
2
=
7
18 9
= 22.857
20 1 F 1. Min / Mean
Sisihan piawai 3(5) + 6(6) + 8(7) + 9(8) + 4(9)
24 9 x =
Standard deviation 3+6+8+9+4
25 16 s = √22.857 215
=
29 64 = 4.781 30
= 7.167
(x – x)2 = 160
Varians / Variance
3(5)2 + 6(6)2 + 8(7)2 + 9(8)2 + 4(9)2
2. s2 = – 7.1672
x x2 Min / Mean 30
11.0 121.00 139.7 1 583
x = = – 7.1672
11 30
11.5 132.25 = 12.7 = 1.401
11.7 136.89
Varians / Variance Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation
11.9 141.61
x2 1.401
s = 
12.3 151.29 s2 = – x 2
N = 1.184
12.6 158.76 1 786.53
= – 12.72
11 2. Min / Mean
13.2 174.24 18(15) + 23(16) + 28(17) + 19(18) + 12(19)
= 1.122
x =
13.4 179.56 18 + 23 + 28 + 19 + 12
Sisihan piawai 1 684
13.8 190.44 =
Standard deviation 100
14.0 196.00 s = 1.122 = 16.84
14.3 204.49 = 1.059
x = 139.7 x2 = 1 786.53

Varians / Variance 2.
18(15)2 + 23(16)2 + 28(17)2 + 19(18)2 + 12(19)2
s2 = – 16.842
100
28 518
= – 16.842
100
= 1.5944 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2

Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation 3.
s = 
1.5944
= 1.263
3. Min / Mean
110 120 130 140 150 160
9(1.0) + 5(1.1) + 7(1.2) + 4(1.3) + 6(1.4)
x =
9+5+7+4+6
36.5 I
= 79 – 63
31 1. 53 85 71 63 79
= 1.177 = 16
0.53 – 0.42
Varians / Variance 2. 0.36 0.68 0.45 0.42 0.53
= 0.11
9(1.0)2 + 5(1.1)2 + 7(1.2)2 + 4(1.3)2 + 6(1.4)2
s2 = – 1.1772
31
J 1. (a) Varians / Variance = 1.42 = 1.96
43.65
= – 1.1772 Julat baharu / New range
31
= 0.023 = 16 × 4 = 64
Julat antara kuartil baharu / New interquartile range
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation = 8 × 4 = 32
s = 
0.023 Varians baharu / New variance
= 0.151 = 1.96 × 42 = 31.36
4. Min / Mean Sisihan piawai baharu / New standard deviation

= 1.4 × 4 = 5.6
5(1) + 13(2) + 10(3) + 7(4) + 5(5)
x =
5 + 13 + 10 + 7 + 5 (b) Varians / Variance = 1.82 = 3.24
114 Julat baharu / New range
=
40 = 28 × 9 = 252
= 2.85
Varians / Variance = 16 × 9 = 144
5(1)2 + 13(2)2 + 10(3)2 + 7(4)2 + 5(5)2 Varians baharu / New variance
s2 = – 2.852
40 = 3.24 × 92 = 262.44
384 Sisihan piawai baharu / New standard deviation
= – 2.852
40 = 1.8 × 9 = 16.2
= 1.4775
2. (a) Varians / Variance = 32 = 9
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation
Julat baharu / New range
s = 
1.4775
25
= 1.216 = =5
5
G 1. Julat / Range
27, 61, 62, 63, 65, 72, 74, 78 10
= 78 – 27 = =2
5
= 51 Q1 Q3 Varians baharu / New variance
Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range 9
= 2 = 0.36
72 + 74 61 + 62 5
= – = 11.5 Sisihan piawai baharu / New standard deviation
2 2
Julat antara kuartil kerana terdapat pencilan, iaitu 27. 3
= = 0.6
Interquartile range because there is an outlier, which is 27. 5
H 1. (b) Varians / Variance = 7.42 = 54.76

Julat baharu / New range
35
= = 5.833
6
40 45 50 55 60 65 18
= =3
6

Varians baharu / New variance Σx Σx2

M 1. x =
s2 = – x 2
54.76 N N
= = 1.521 Σx Σx 2
62 7 = 22 = – 7 2
Sisihan piawai baharu / New standard deviation 50 50
Σx2
7.4 Σx = 350 = 4 + 49
= = 1.233 50
6
Σx =
2
2 650
2 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 11 + 13
K 1. x = = 7.143 2. (a) Min / Mean
7
550
x= = 55
22 + 42 + 52 + 72 + 82 + 112 + 132 10
s = – 7.1432
7
(b) Varians / Variance
= 3.602
35 542
s2 = – 552
(a) Min baharu / New mean 10
2 + 4 + 7 + 8 + 11 + 13 = 529.2
= = 7.5
6 (c) Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation
Sisihan piawai baharu / New standard deviation s = 529.2
22 + 42 + 72 + 82 + 112 + 132 = 23
= – 7.52
6
= 3.775 PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM
(b) Min baharu / New mean
2 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 10 + 11 + 13 x2 x
= = 7.5 1. s2 = – x 2 x =
8 N N
624 x
Sisihan piawai baharu / New standard deviation 16 = – x 2 6 =
12 12
22 + 42 + 52 + 72 + 82 + 102 + 112 + 132
= – 7.52 x 2 = 36 x = 72
8
x = 6
= 3.5
(c) Min baharu / New mean 17 + 18
2. Q1 = = 17.5 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 26, 29, 30
2 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 11 + 13 + 25 2
= = 9.375
8 26 + 29 Q1 Median Q3

Q3 = = 27.5
Sisihan piawai baharu / New standard deviation 2
22 + 42 + 52 + 72 + 82 + 112 + 132 + 252 Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range
= – 9.3752
8 = 27.5 – 17.5
= 6.8 = 10
L 1. Kamal: x
Min masa / Mean time, x 3. x =
N
8+5+7+6+4 p + (p – 2) + (p + 5) + (p + 3) + (p – 3) + (2p – 4)
= =6 8 =
5 6
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation, s 48 = 7p – 1
82 + 5 2 + 7 2 + 6 2 + 4 2 p = 7
= – 62 = 1.414
5
Set data / Set of data: 7, 5, 12, 10, 4, 10
Hassan: x2 = 72 + 52 + 122 + 102 + 42 + 102 = 434
Min markah / Mean marks, x
9+6+6+4+5 434
= =6 s2 = – 82
5 6
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation, s s = 2.887
92 + 6 2 + 6 2 + 4 2 + 5 2
= – 62 = 1.673
5 4. (a) Bagi kumpulan M / For group M:
x = 56 × 12 = 672
Kamal menunjukkan prestasi yang lebih baik dalam sesi latihan
itu kerana sisihan piawainya yang lebih kecil menunjukkan Bagi kumpulan N / For group N:
masanya yang konsisten. x = 52 × 10 = 520
Kamal shows the better performance in the exercise session
Min baharu / New mean
because his standard deviation is smaller, shows that his time
672 + 520
is consistent. =
12 + 10
1 192
=
22
= 54.18

(b) Bagi kumpulan M: 1 1

For group M:

Q1 = cerapan ke- 14 2 14
× 32 / 2
× 32 th value
x2 = cerapan ke-8 / 8th value
σ2 = – x 2
N = 21
x2 3 3
1.582 =
12
– 562 Q3 = cerapan ke-
4 1
× 32 /
4 2 1
× 32 th value 2
x = (1.58 + 56 ) × 12
2 2 2 = cerapan ke-24 / 24th value
= 37 661.957 = 25
Bagi kumpulan N: Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range

For group N: = 25 – 21
x2 = 4
σ2 = – x 2
N Jawapan / Answer: A
x2
1.262 = – 522
10
3. Varians baharu / New variance
x2 = (1.262 + 522) × 10 = 1.42 × 22
= 27 055.876 = 7.84
Sisihan piawai baharu Jawapan / Answer: D
New standard deviation
37 661.957 + 27 055.876 3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 12 + 14
= – 54.182 4. x =
12 + 10 8
= 8
= 2.499
x2 = 32 + 52 + 62 + 72 + 82 + 92 + 122 + 142
= 604
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM Sisihan piawai baharu / New standard deviation

604
Kertas 1 = – 82
8
1. = 3.391
17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 28, 31, 32
Jawapan / Answer: B
Q1 Q3
x2
5. σ 2 = – x 2
19 + 20 N
Q1 =
2 200
= 19.5 (8ℎ) =
2
– (
g ) 2
4
28 + 31 64ℎ2 = 50 – g
Q3 = g = 50 – 64ℎ2
2
= 29.5
Jawapan / Answer: A
Kertas 2
= 29.5 – 19.5
= 10 n + (n + 1) + (2n – 1) + (2n + 1) + (2n + 4)
1. (a) = 9
Jawapan / Answer: C 5
8n + 5 = 45
2. 8n = 40
Masa yang diambil
Kekerapan Kekerapan longgokan n = 5
(minit)
Frequency Cumulative frequency
Time taken (minute) (b) 5, 6, 9, 11, 14
20 3 3
Q1 Q3
21 5 8
Median
22 6 14
23 3 17 11 + 14 5+6
= – =7
24 2 19 2 2
25 5 24
6+7+5+4+8+2
2. (a) x =
26 3 27 6
16
27 1 28 =
3
28 4 32 2
62 + 7 2 + 5 2 + 4 2 + 8 2 + 2 2 16
s2 =
6
–
3  
= 3.889

(b) s = 
3.889 Min / Mean
= 1.972 119
x= = 3.719
32
3. Min / Mean
Varians / Variance
4+5+1+k+3 515
= s2 = – 3.7192
5
32
13 + k
= = 2.263
5
s2 = 22 = 4
6. (a) s2 = 42 = 16
∑x2 ∑x2
s2 = – x 2 s2 = – x 2
N N
42 + 52 + 12 + k2 + 32 13 + k 2
∑x2
4 =
5
– 1
5 2 16 =
8
– 122
51 + k2 169 + 26k + k2 ∑x2 = 1 280

4 =
5
– 1 25 2
(b) Varians / Variance
4(25) = 5(51 + k ) – (169 + 26k + k )
2 2
= 16 × 32
100 = 255 + 5k2 – 169 – 26k – k2 = 16 × 9
100 = 4k2 – 26k + 86 = 144
4k2 – 26k – 14 = 0 x2
7. – x 2 = σ
2k2 – 13k – 7 = 0 N
(k – 7)(2k + 1) = 0 22 + k2 + 112 2 + k + 11 2
1

3
–  3  = 
14

k = 7, k = –
2
k2 + 125 13 + k 2

k ialah integer positif, maka k = 7.
3
–
3 
= 14

k is a positive integer, thus k = 7.
k + 125
2
169 + 26k + k2
– = 14
3 9
4.
x f fx x2 fx2
3k2 + 375 – 169 – 26k – k2 = 126
1 3 3 1 3 2k2 – 26k + 80 = 0
k2 – 13k + 40 = 0
2 8 16 4 32
(k – 5)(k – 8) = 0
3 6 18 9 54 k = 5, k = 8
4 7 28 16 112 8. (a) Bala:
Min / Mean
5 5 25 25 125
56 + 72 + 65 + 30 + 45 + 67
6 1 6 36 36 =
6
∑fx = 96 ∑fx2 = 362 = 55.8

Min / Mean Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation
96 562 + 722 + 652 + 302 + 452 + 672
x= = 3.2 = – 55.82
30 6
= 14.59
362 Chandran:
s = – 3.22 Min / Mean
30
= 1.352 47 + 56 + 71 + 65 + 37 + 59
=
6
5. (a) y = 9 = 55.8
(b) Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation

x f fx x2 fx2 472 + 562 + 712 + 652 + 372 + 592
= – 55.82
1 2 2 1 2 6
2 6 12 4 24 = 11.40
3 8 24 9 72 (b) Prestasi Chandran lebih baik kerana sisihan piawai markah

4 3 12 16 48 ujiannya lebih kecil daripada Bala.
Chandran’s performance is better because his standard
5 9 45 25 225 deviation test marks is smaller than Bala’s.
6 4 24 36 144
f = 32 fx = 119 fx2 = 515

1
BAB 3. P(kad nombor kotak A / number card of box A) =
4
Kebarangkalian Peristiwa Bergabung
9
2 1
Probability of Combined Events P(kad nombor kotak B / number card of box B) = =
6 3
P(kedua-dua kad berlabel nombor)
P(both cards labelled with number)
Peristiwa Bergabung 1 1 1
9.1 = × =
Combined Events 4 3 12
A 1. S = {(1, 2), (1, 8), (1, 9), (2, 1), (2, 8), (2, 9), (8, 1), (8, 2), E 1. (a) Katakan C dan L masing-masing mewakili coklat dan lolipop
(8, 9), (9, 1), (9, 2), (9, 8)} Let C and L represent chocolate and lollipop respectively.
2. S = {(3, 5), (3, 7), (5, 3), (5, 7), (7, 3), (7, 5)} Pilihan pertama Pilihan kedua Kesudahan
First choice Second choice Outcomes
3. S = {S1, S2), (S1, A), (S1, O), (S2, S1), (S2, A), (S2, O),
4
(A, S1), (A, S2), (A, O), (O, S1), (O, S2), (O, A)} 10 C (C, C)
5
11
C
B 1. S = {(B1, B2), (B1, B3), (B1, H1), (B1, H2), (B2, B1), (B2, B3), 6 L (C, L)
(B2, H1), (B2, H2), (B3, B1), (B3, B2), (B3, H1), (B3, H2), 5 10
6 10 C (L, C)
(H1, B1), (H1, B2), (H1, B3), (H1, H2), (H2, B1), (H2, B2), L
11
(H2, B3), (H2, H1)} 5 L (L, L)
10
2. Katakan A = angka dan G = gambar
Let A = tail and G = head
(b) (i) P(kedua-dua item adalah coklat)
S = {(1, A), (1, G), (2, A), (2, G), (3, A), (3, G), (4, A), (4, G), P(both items are chocolates)
(5, A), (5, G), (6, A), (6, G)} 5 4
= ×
3. S = {(P1, P2), (P1, K1), (P1, K2), (P2, P1), (P2, K1), (P2, K2), 11 10
(K1, P1), (K1, P2), (K1, K2), (K2, K1), (K2, P1), (K2, P2)} 2
=
11
4. S = {(L1, L2), (L1, P1), (L1, P2), (L2, L1), (L2, P1), (L2, P2), (P1, P2),
(P1, L1), (P1, L2), (P2, P1), (P2, L1), (P2, L2)} (ii) (kedua-dua item adalah lolipop)
P(both items are lollipops)
5. S = {(L1, L2), (L1, P), (L2, L1), (L2, P), (P, L1), (P, L2)} 6 5
= ×
11 10
Peristiwa Bersandar dan Peristiwa Tak Bersandar 3
9.2 =
Dependent Events and Independent Events 11
2. (a) Katakan H dan M masing-masing mewakili guli hijau dan

C 1. Peristiwa tak bersandar/ Independent event
merah.
2. Peristiwa tak bersandar/ Independent event Let H and M represent green marble and red marble
3. Peristiwa bersandar/ Dependent event respectively.
4. Peristiwa tak bersandar / Independent event
Pilihan pertama Pilihan kedua Kesudahan
5. Peristiwa bersandar/ Dependent event First choice Second choice Outcomes
6. Peristiwa tak bersandar/ Independent event 6
7 7 H (H, H)
7. Peristiwa tak bersandar/ Independent event 8 H
8. Peristiwa bersandar/ Dependent event 1 M (H, M)
7
1 M H (M, H)
2 8 7
D 1. P(Nombor perdana / Prime number) = 7
2 3
P(Gandaan 3 / Multiple of 3) =
3 (b) (i) P(guli kedua berwarna merah)
P(Nombor perdana dan gandaan 3) P(second marble is red)
P(Prime number and multiple of 3) 7 1
2 2 4 = ×
= × = 8 7
3 3 9 1
=
2. Nombor genap / Even number = {12, 14, 16, 18, 20} 8
Faktor bagi 48 / Factors of 48 = {12, 16}
(ii) P(kedua-dua guli berwarna hijau)
n(S) = 10
P(both marbles are green)
5
P(Nombor genap/ Even number) = 7 6
10 = ×
2 8 7
P(Faktor bagi 48/ Factor of 48) = 3
10 =
4
P(Nombor genap dan faktor bagi 48)
P(Even number and factor of 48)
5 2
= ×
10 10
1
=
10
3. (a) Katakan N dan M masing-masing mewakili nasi lemak dan 1

2. P(nombor 3/ number 3) =
mi goreng. 6
4
Let N and M represent nasi lemak and fried noodles P(nombor lebih besar dari 2 / numbers greater than 2) =
6
respectively. P(nombor 3 atau nombor lebih besar dari 2)
Pilihan pertama Pilihan kedua Kesudahan P(number 3 or numbers greater than 2)
First choice Second choice Outcomes 1 4
= +
5 6 6
13 N (N, N) 5
6
N =
14 M (N, M) 6
8
6 13
N (M, N) 2
8 13 3. P(sebiji guli biru/ a blue marble) =
14 M 10
7 M (M, M) 3
13 P(sebiji guli hijau/ a green marble) =
10
(b) (i) P(kedua-dua makanan yang dipilih ialah nasi lemak) P(sebiji guli biru atau sebiji guli hijau)
P(both food chosed are nasi lemak) P(a blue marble or a green marble)
6 5 2 3
= = +
×
14 13 10 10
15 1
= =
91 2
H 1. P(K < L) = P(K) + P(L)
(ii) P(kedua-dua makanan yang dipilih ialah mi goreng) = 0.46 + 0.35
P(both foods chosed are fried noodles) = 0.81
8 7
= × 2. P(A < B) = P(A) + P(B)
14 13
4 0.71 = 0.42 + P(B)
= P(B) = 0.29
13
3. P(A < B) = P(A) + P(B)
Peristiwa Saling Eksklusif dan Peristiwa Tidak Saling Eksklusif 25 11
9.3 = +
Mutually Exclusive Events and Non-Mutually Exclusive Events 46 46
18
=
F 1. P = {5, 6} 23
Q = {1, 4} 4. P(A < B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
R = {1, 2, 4} 10 13 3
= + –
ξ 22 22 22
R 10
Q P =
11
1 5
2
4 6 I 1. (a) P(pengawas dan ahli Kelab Reka Cipta dipilih)
3 P(prefect and member of Kelab Reka Cipta is chosen)
= P(Q  R)
(a) Peristiwa P dan Q tidak boleh berlaku bersama. Maka, P 7 3
= ×
dan Q ialah peristiwa saling eksklusif. 15 5
Events P and Q cannot occur together. Thus, P and Q are 7
=
mutually exclusive events. 25
(b) Peristiwa P dan R tidak boleh berlaku bersama. Maka, P
P(Hanya pengawas dipilih / Only prefect is chosen)
dan R ialah peristiwa saling eksklusif.
7 7
Events P and R cannot occur together. Thus, P and R are = –
15 25
mutually exclusive events.
14
(c) Peristiwa Q dan R boleh berlaku bersama. Maka, Q dan =
75
R ialah peristiwa tidak saling eksklusif.
Events Q and R can occur together. Thus, Q and R are
non-mutually exclusive events. P(Hanya ahli Kelab Reka Cipta dipilih)
P(Only member of Kelab Reka Cipta is chosen)
12 3 7
G 1. P(sebiji kacang merah / a red bean) = = –
46 5 25
20 8
P(sebiji kacang hijau / a green bean) = =
46 25

P(sebiji kacang merah atau sebiji kacang hijau)
P(Kedua-dua tidak dipilih)
P(a red bean or a green bean)
P(Both are not chosen)
12 20
= + 7 14 8
46 46 =1– – –
25 75 25
16 16
= =
23 75

Lambungan 1 Lambungan 2 Kesudahan

ξ
Q R Throw 1 Throw 2 Outcomes
1
14 7 8
75 25 25 1
6 L (L, L)
16 L
6
75 5 L (L, L)
1 6
5 6 L (L, L)
(b) P(pengawas atau ahli Kelab Reka Cipta dipilih) 6 L
P(prefect or member of Kelab Reka Cipta is chosen) 5 L (L, L)
6
= P(Q  R)
7 3 7 P(mendapat nombor 5 sekurang-kurangnya sekali)
= + – P(getting number 5 at least once)
15 5 25
= P(L, L) + P(L, L9) + P(L9, L)
59
=
75 = 1 16 ×
1
6 2 + 1 16 ×
5
6 2 + 1 56 ×
1
6 2
J 1. Katakan A mewakili mangga rosak dan A9 mewakili mangga 11
=
yang tidak rosak. 36
Let A represents the rotten mango and A9 represents the un-
rotten mango.
Aplikasi Kebarangkalian Peristiwa Bergabung
9.4
Kebarangkalian memilih mangga rosak = 7 Application of Probability of Combined Events
The probability of choosing rotten mango 12
Pilihan pertama Pilihan kedua Kesudahan K 1. (a) M = lelaki dipilih / man is chosen
First choice Second choice Outcomes W = perempuan dipilih / woman is chosen
7 Pilihan 1 Pilihan 1 Kesudahan
12 A (A, A) Choose 1 Choose 1 Outcomes
7 A
12 7
5 A9 (A, A9)
7 8
13 M (M, M)
12 M
5 12 A (A9, A) 14
W (M, W)
12 A9 6
8
5 A9 (A9, A9) 13
M (W, M)
12 6 13
14
W
P(Sekurang-kurangnya sebiji mangga adalah rosak) 5 W (W, W)
P(At least one mango is rotten) 13
= P(A, A) + P(A, A9) + P(A9, A) P(kedua-duanya adalah lelaki)

7 7 7 5 5 7 P(both are men)
= 1 ×
12 12
+ 2 1
×
12 12
+ ×
12 12 2 1 2 = P(M, M)
119 8 7
= = ×
144 14 13
4
=
2. T = tembakan mengenai sasaran / hit target 13
T’ = tembakan tidak mengenai sasaran / did not hit target (b) P(kedua-duanya adalah berlainan jantina)
P(both are different genders)
Tembakan 1 Tembakan 2 Kesudahan = P(M, W) + P(W, M)
Shoot 1 Shoot 2 Outcomes
8 6 6 8
= × + ×
0.3 14 13 14 13
T (T, T)
0.3 T 48
0.7 T9 (T, T9) =
91
0.3 T (T9, T)
0.7 T9 2. (a) P(ketiga-tiga murid memakai jam tangan)
0.7 T9 (T9, T9) P(all three pupils wear watch)
= 0.32 × 0.32 × 0.32
P(mengenai sasaran sekurang-kurangnya sekali) = 0.0328
P(hits the target at least once)
(b) P(hanya seorang murid memakai jam tangan)
= P(T, T ) + P(T, T9) + P(T, T)
= (0.3 × 0.3) + (0.3 × 0.7) + (0.7 × 0.3) P(only one pupil wears watch)
= 0.51 = (0.32 × 0.68 × 0.68) + (0.68 × 0.32 × 0.68) + (0.68 × 0.68 × 0.32)
= 3 × (0.32 × 0.68 × 0.68)
3. L = mendapat nombor 5 / getting number 5 = 0.4439
L9 = tidak mendapat nombor 5 / not getting number 5

(c) P(sekurang-kurangnya seorang murid memakai jam P(sebiji kacang hijau atau sebiji kacang soya)
tangan) P(a green bean or a soybean)
P(at least one pupil wears watch) 24 16
= +
= 1 – P(semua murid tidak memakai jam tangan/ 54 54
all pupils do not wear watch) 20
=
= 1 – (0.68 × 0.68 × 0.68) 27
= 0.6856 Jawapan / Answer: C
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM 3. Kebarangkalian bahawa hari Isnin dan Selasa tidak akan hujan
The probability of Monday and Tuesday will not rain
1. (a) P(Raju < Suresh) = P(Raju) + P(Suresh) 5 3
4 1
= 1 −
8 1−
5  
= + P(Suresh) 3
5 4 =
20
11
P(Suresh) = Jawapan / Answer: A
20
(b) P(Raju < Suresh)9 = 1 – P(Raju < Suresh) Kertas 2

4
=1– 1. (a)
n(S) = 4 × 3 = 12
5
1 1 1
= + P =
5 12 12
1
2. (a) P(hanya Alice dipilih / only Alice is chosen) =
6
3 1 2
= × × (b) P = 0
4 5 3
Kerana Rita dan Tony adalah daripada persatuan yang sama.
1
= Because Rita and Tony are from the same society.
10
(b) P(sekurang-kurangnya seorang daripada mereka yang dipilih) 2. (a) Pilihan pertama Pilihan kedua Kesudahan
P(at least one of them is chosen)
First choice Second choice Outcomes
= 1 – P(semua tidak dipilih / all of them are not chosed)
1 1 2 RM15 (K, 15)
=1– 1 4
×
5
×
3 2 Kemeja (K)
Shirt (K)
RM25 (K, 25)
29 RM35 (K, 35)
=
30 RM15 (B, 15)
Beg (B)
RM25 (B, 25)
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM Beg (B)
RM35 (B, 35)
RM15 (BS, 15)
Kertas 1 Baju sukan (BS)
RM25 (BS, 25)
1. P(nombor gandaan 3 dan nombor perdana) Sport shirt (BS)
RM35 (BS, 35)
P(a multiple of 3 and a prime number)
2 3 RM15 (KS, 15)
= × Kasut (KS)
4 4 RM25 (KS, 25)
Shoes (KS)
3 RM35 (KS, 35)
=
8
Jawapan / Answer: B P[(K, 15), (K, 25), (B, 15), (B, 25), (BS, 15), (BS, 25),
(KS, 15), (KS, 25)]
8
2. P(kacang hijau / green bean) P =
12
24

= 2
54 =
3
P(kacang soya / soybean) (b) P = 1 – P(BS, 35)
16 1
= = 1 –
54 12
11
=
12

3. (a) (b) (i) {(A, M), (A, R), (B, M), (B, R), (D, M), (D, R)}
Pilihan pertama Pilihan kedua Kesudahan 6
P =
First choice Second choice Outcomes 20
O (K, O) 3
=
P (K, P) 10
K
R (K, R) (ii) {(D, R)}
U (K, U) 1
P =
K (O, K) 20
P (O, P)
O
R (O, R) 5. (a) S = {(A, B), (A, C), (A, D), (A, E), (B, C), (B, D), (B, E),
U (O, U) (C, D), (C, E), (D, E)}
K (P, K)
(b) (i) {(A, D), (A, E), (B, D), (B, E), (C, D), (C, E)}
O (P, O) Kebarangkalian / Probability
P
R (P, R) 6
U (P, U) =
10
K (R, K) 3
=
O (R, O) 5
R
P (R, P)
U (R, U) (ii) S = {(A, B), (A, C), (A, D), (A, E), (B, C), (B, D),
K (U, K) (C, D), (C, E), (D, E)}
O (U, O) Kebarangkalian / Probability
U
P (U, P) 1
R (U, R) =1–
10

9
=
(b) (i) P[(O, K), (O, P), (O, R), (O, U), (U, K), (U, O), (U, P), (U, R)] 10
8
P =
20
2
=
5
BAB
(ii) P[(K, O), (K, U), (P, O), (P, U), (R, O), (R, U)]
Matematik Pengguna: Pengurusan
P =
6
20
10 Kewangan
Consumer Mathematics: Financial Management
3
=
10 Perancangan dan Pengurusan Kewangan
10.1
Financial Planning and Management
4. (a) Pilihan pertama Pilihan kedua Kesudahan
First choice Second choice Outcomes A Menetapkan matlamat kewangan → Menilai kedudukan kewangan
→ Mewujudkan pelan kewangan → Melaksanakan pelan kewan-
Bryan (A, B) gan → Mengkaji semula dan menyemak kemajuan
Danial (A, D) Setting goals → Evaluating financial status → Creating financial
Ahmad
Mia (A, M) plan → Carrying out financial plan → Reviewing and revising the
Rita (A, R) progress
Danial (B, D)
Mia (B, M) B Matlamat Jangka Pendek
Bryan Short-term Goal
Rita (B, R)
Ahmad (B, A) • Membeli pakaian sukan
Buying sport attire
Bryan (D, B) • Membayar hutang RM500
Mia (D, M) Paying a debt of RM500
Danial
Rita (D, R) • Menyimpan RM1 200 untuk membeli telefon pintar
Ahmad (D, A) Saving RM1 200 to buy a smartphone
Bryan (M, B) Matlamat Jangka Panjang
Danial (M, D) Long-term Goal
Mia
Rita (M, R) • Menyimpan dana persaraan
Ahmad (M, A) Saving for retirement fund
Bryan (R, B) • Menyimpan untuk pendidikan anak-anak
Danial (R, D) Saving for children’s education
Rita • Membuat pelaburan ASB bernilai RM250 000
Mia (R, M)
Ahmad (R, A) Making ASB investment worth RM250 000


G 1. (a) Jumlah simpanan / Total savings

C Membeli satu set televisyen bersama kabinet
S = RM90 × 4 bulan / months
Buy a set of television with the cabinet
= RM360
Harga satu set televisyen bersama kabinet ialah RM4 500 Boleh dicapai / Can be achieved
M
The price of a set of television with the cabinet is RM4 500 (b) Jumlah simpanan / Total savings
= RM250 × 12 × 5
Menyimpan RM750 setiap bulan daripada jumlah
= RM15 000
pendapatan bulanan RM5 000
A Tidak boleh dicapai
Save RM750 each month from her monthly income of
Cannot be achieved
RM5 000
H 1. (a) x = RM2 800 – RM1 150 – RM1 550
RM750 adalah 15% daripada pendapatan bulanannya = RM100
R
RM750 is 15% of the monthly income y = RM2 800 – RM1 150 – RM1 450
= RM200
Dalam tempoh 6 bulan
T
Within 6 months (b) Jumlah simpanan / Total savings
= RM750 × 54 bulan / months
= RM40 500
Oleh itu, Rokiah dapat mencapai matlamat kewangan dan
D (a) Pendapatan aktif / Active income
dia mempunyai lebihan RM500 (RM40 500 – RM40 000)
(b) Pendapatan pasif / Passive income
daripada simpanannya.
(c) Pendapatan aktif / Active income
Thus, Rokiah can achieve her financial goal and has
(d) Pendapatan aktif / Active income
a surplus of RM500 (RM40 500 – RM40 000) from her
(e) Pendapatan pasif / Passive income
savings.
(f) Pendapatan pasif / Passive income
(c) Gaji baharu / New salary
E (a) Perbelanjaan tetap / Fixed expense = 110% × RM3 500 = RM3 850
(b) Perbelanjaan tidak tetap / Variable expense Kenaikan gaji membolehkan simpanan bulanan ditambah
(c) Perbelanjaan tidak tetap / Variable expense dan Rokiah dapat mengumpul jumlah wang yang diperlukan
(d) Perbelanjaan tetap / Fixed expense dalam masa kurang daripada 54 bulan kerana jumlah
(e) Perbelanjaan tetap / Fixed expense perbelanjaan masih sama.
(f) Perbelanjaan tidak tetap / Variable expense The salary increment enables the monthly savings increase
(g) Perbelanjaan tidak tetap / Variable expense and Rokiah can save the amount needed in less than
(h) Perbelanjaan tidak tetap / Variable expense 54 months because the total expenses is still the same.
F 1. (a) Jumlah pendapatan / Total income I 1. Simpanan tetap bulanan / Fixed monthly savings
= RM2 200 + RM350 = RM2 550 10
= × RM4 200
Jumlah perbelanjaan / Total expenses 100
= RM800 + RM850 = RM1 650 = RM420
Aliran tunai / Cash flow Pendapatan pasif / Passive income
= RM2 550 – RM1 650 = RM900 = RM1 400 + RM350
\ Aliran tunai positif / Positive cash flow = RM1 750
(b) Jumlah pendapatan / Total income Pelan kewangan

= RM2 500 + RM300 = RM2 800 Pendapatan dan Perbelanjaan
Financial plan
Jumlah perbelanjaan / Total expenses Income and Expenditure
(RM)
= RM1 900 + RM1 170 = RM3 070
Pendapatan bersih
Aliran tunai / Cash flow Net income
= RM2 800 – RM3 070 = –RM270 Gaji bersih / Net salary 4 200
\ Aliran tunai negatif / Negative cash flow Pendapatan pasif / Passive income 1 750
2. Aliran tunai / Cash flow Jumlah pendapatan bulanan 5 950
= RM2 600 + RM1 400 – (RM2 400 + RM1 800) Total monthly income
= RM4 000 – RM4 200 = –RM200 Tolak simpanan tetap bulanan (10% daripada gaji
\ Aliran tunai Negatif / Negative cash flow bulanan) 420
Selepas perubahan / After changes: Minus fixed monthly savings (10% of monthly salary)
Perbelanjaan tetap / Fixed expenses Tolak simpanan dana kecemasan
= 90% × RM2 400 = RM2 160 Minus savings for emergency fund 300
Aliran tunai / Cash flow Baki pendapatan / Income balance 5 230
= RM2 600 + RM1 400 – [RM2 160 + (RM1 800 – RM140)] Tolak perbelanjaan tetap bulanan
= RM4 000 – RM3 820 Minus monthly fixed expenses
= RM180 Pinjaman rumah / Housing loan 1 000
\ Aliran tunai positif / Positive cash flow Ansuran kereta / Car instalment 800
Premium insurans / Insurance premium 380

Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap bulanan 2 180 2. Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap

Total monthly fixed expenses Total fixed expenses
= RM70 + RM650 + RM500
Tolak perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan = RM1 220
Minus monthly variable expenses
Petrol dan tol / Petrol and toll 250 Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap
Bill utiliti / Utility bills 300 Total variable expenses
Hiburan / Entertainment 380 = RM760 + RM130 + RM175 + RM50
Pendidikan anak-anak / Children’s education 450 = RM1 115
Perbelanjaan makanan / Food expenses 1 000 Jawapan / Answer: A
Duit belanja keluarga / Family pocket money 400
3. Pendapatan pasif / Passive income
Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan 2 780
= RM800 + RM150
Total monthly variable expenses
= RM950
Pendapatan lebihan / Surplus of income 270
Jawapan / Answer: B
Pelan kewangan Encik Leong mempunyai pendapatan lebihan
kerana jumlah pendapatan melebihi jumlah perbelanjaan. Kertas 2
Mr Leong’s financial plan has a surplus of income because the
total income exceeds the total expenses. 1. (a) Aliran tunai / Cash flow
= RM3 000 + RM300 – RM1 400
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM = RM1 900
Aliran tunai positif / Positive cash flow
1. Jumlah simpanan bulanan / Amount of monthly saving (b) Bayaran bulanan komputer riba
RM8 400 Monthly payment of the laptop
= = RM350
12 × 2 RM6 000
=
Baki pendapatan / Balance of income 12
= RM3 100 – RM1 080 – RM750 – RM350 = RM500
= RM920 Baki pendapatan / Balance of income
= RM3 000 + RM900 − RM2 600 − RM400 − RM500
2. (a) Aliran tunai / Cash flow = RM400
= Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan
Total income – Total expenses Syazanah mempunyai aliran tunai positif sebanyak RM400
= RM2 500 + RM500 – RM1 200 – RM1 350 selepas membayar ansuran bulanan komputer riba itu. Dia
= RM450 mampu mencapai matlamatnya.
(Aliran tunai positif / Positive cash flow) Syazanah has a positive cash flow of RM400 after paying
Aliran tunai yang bernilai positif adalah baik kerana Xu Ling the monthly instalment of the laptop. She can achieve her
mempunyai lebihan pendapatan dan ini dapat membantunya goal.
menghadapi perbelanjaan yang tidak dijangka.
2. (a) Aliran tunai Rakesh / Rakesh’s cash flow
Positive cash flow is good because Xu Ling has a surplus
= RM3 450 + RM300 – RM2 205 – RM1 620
of income and this can help her in case of unexpected
= –RM75
expenses.
Aliran tunai Monash / Monash’s cash flow
(b) Aliran tunai / Cash flow = RM2 850 + RM400 – RM2 100 – RM780
= Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan = RM370
Total income – Total expenses
(b) Aliran tunai Monash lebih baik kerana dia mempunyai lebihan
= RM2 500 – [110% × (RM1 200 + RM1 350)]
pendapatan.
= RM2 500 – RM2 805
Monash’s cash flow is better because he has a surplus of
= –RM305
income.
(Aliran tunai negatif / Negative cash flow)
Aliran tunai yang menjadi negatif kerana Xu Ling mempunyai
defisit pendapatan dan ini mungkin menyebabkan dia mung-
kin menggunakan kad kredit kerana kekurangan wang.
The cash flow is negative because Xu Ling has a deficit of Penilaian Akhir Tahun
income and this may cause her to use credit card due to lack
of money. Kertas 1
1. (4.09 – 0.003) ÷ 18
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM = 4.087 ÷ 18
= 0.227
Kertas 1 = 0.23 (2 angka bererti / significant figures)

Jawapan / Answer: C
1. Aset dan liabiliti diperlukan bagi menilai kedudukan kewangan
seseorang. 2. 4.352000 = 4.352 × 106
Assets and liabilities are needed to evaluate financial status.

∴ p = 6
Jawapan / Answer: B
Jawapan / Answer: D

0.08 50° + 190° + 90° + p + 240° + 70° = 720°

3.
2.5 × 10–8 p + 640° = 720°
8 × 10–2 p = 80°
=
2.5 × 10–8
8 360° – 2(120°)
= × 10−2−(−8)
q =
2.5 2
= 3.2 × 106 = 60°

Jawapan / Answer: C
p + q = 80° + 60°
4. Luas / Area = 140°
1
= × 430 × 1 300
Jawapan / Answer: C
2
= 279 500
= 2.795 × 105 12. ∠OLK = 90°

Jawapan / Answer: A
∠OLJ = 32°
3 x = 180° – 32° – (90° + 32°)
5. a . = 26°
2
∴ a = 3
Jawapan / Answer: A

Jawapan / Answer: D
13. y
–b
6. x = A
2a 4
B
–(–6) 3
= 2
2(–1) –4 P
= –3 x
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4

Jawapan / Answer: A D C
–2
7. 42535
Jawapan / Answer: A
Nilai digit / Digit value 3
= 2 × 52 14. Daripada / From tan ∠BCD = ,
4
= 50
BD = 3, CD = 4

Jawapan / Answer: C Maka / Hence, AD = 6, DE = 8
8
tan ∠DAE =
8. 6
64 63 62 61 60
8
2 0 3 0 16 ∠DAE = tan–1
6  
= 53.13°

2 × 64 + 3 × 62 + 1 = 203016 = 53°7

Jawapan / Answer: D

Jawapan / Answer: D
9. 7(72 + 3) = 73 + 7(3) 15. Q

35º
7 3
7 2
7 1
7 0 x
P
1 0 3 07

7(72 + 3) = 10307

Jawapan / Answer: C
1 1
10.
2 1 03
K 30 m L
+ 1 2 13
1 1 0 1 x
tan35° =
3 30
x = 21.01 m

Jawapan / Answer: B
Tinggi tiang bendera P
Height of flag pole P
11. Sudut pedalaman heksagon = (6 – 2) × 180°
= 80 − 21.01
Interior angle of hexagon = 720°
= 58.99 m
∠AFE = 360° – 170°
Jawapan / Answer: D
= 190°
∠BGD = 360° – 120°
= 240°

16. Akas: Jika q, maka p 23.

1
Converse: If q, then p 2
Jika p = 2, maka p – 2 = 0
If p = 2, then p – 2 = 0
3

Jawapan / Answer: C Jawapan / Answer: B

17. p atau q adalah palsu apabila kedua-dua p dan q adalah palsu. 24. Sistem ketaksamaan linear:
p or q is false when both p and q are false. System of linear inequalities:
p: –1 × 5 = 5 (palsu / false) y > –x + 4 → x + y > 4
q: 1 + 5 = –5 (palsu / false) y<x
x,4
Jawapan / Answer: B x.0

Jawapan / Answer: B
18. Kontrapositif: Jika ~q, maka ~p
Contrapositive: If ~q, then ~p
Jika x2 ≠ 16, maka x ≠ 4 25. Laju purata / Average speed
If x2 ≠ 16, then x ≠ 4 100 + 50
=
20

Jawapan / Answer: C = 7.5 m s–1
Jawapan / Answer: A
19. L M
26. Jarak yang dilalui / Travelled distance
1
85 – 15 68 – 15 = × (32 + 20) × 8 + 8 × 20
15 2
= 70 = 53
= 208 + 160
= 368 m
Laju purata / Average speed
n() = 70 + 15 + 53
= 138 368
=
16
Jawapan / Answer: B = 23 m s–1
20. n(K) = n(K  L)
Jawapan / Answer: C
4 + 9 + 6 = x – 4 + 10
19 = x + 6 2x – 3 2
27. =
x = 13 x–2 3
3(2x – 3) = 2(x – 2)

Jawapan / Answer: C 6x – 9 = 2x – 4
4x = 5
21. ξ 5
x x =
y 4

Jawapan / Answer: C
y (3 – y)2 y (3 – y)(3 – y)
28. + = +
2 4y 2 4y

Jawapan / Answer: C 2y(y) + 9 – 6y + y2
=
4y
22. A: {(E, F), (E, G), (E, I), (G, H), (G, H), (H, I)} 3y2 – 6y + 9
=
4y
Berbilang tepi / Multiple edges
Jawapan / Answer: D
B: {(E, F), (F, G), (G, G), (G, H), (G, I), (I, I)}

– 1
29. (a–3b–6) 3 ÷ a–6b–5 = ab2 ÷ a–6b–5
Gelung / Loop
= a1 – (–6)b2 – (–5)
C: {(E, F), (E, G), (E, H), (F, H), (F, I), (H, I)}
= a 7b 7
D: {(E, F), (E, F), (E, I), (F, F), (F, G), (G, H)} Jawapan / Answer: C

Berbilang tepi Gelung / Loop
Multiple edges 30. 6(2t − 7) − (10 − 6t)2
= 12t − 42 − (100 − 120t + 36t2)

Jawapan / Answer: C
= −142 + 132t − 36t2

Jawapan / Answer: A

31. Min umur / Mean of age 37. P = RM18 000

5(22) + 7(27) + 4(32) + 3(37) + 1(42) r = 5%
=
5+7+4+3+1 n = 3 kali / times
580 t = 5 tahun / years
=
20 MV = nilai matang / matured value
= 29 tahun / years old
r
 
nt
MV = P 1 +
Jawapan / Answer: B n
0.05
= 18 000 1 + 
(3)(5)

32. Min / Mean 3
2(0) + 4(1) + 6(2) + 3(3) + 7(4) + 5(5) + 3(6) = RM23 064.88
=
30

Jawapan / Answer: C
96
=
30
38. P = RM12 000
= 3.2
r = 4%
Varians / Variance t = 6 tahun / years
2(0)2 + 4(1)2 + 6(2)2 + 3(3)2 + 7(4)2 + 5(5)2 + 3(6)2 A = Jumlah bayaran balik / Total repayment
= − 3.22
30

A = P + Prt
400
= − 3.22
4
30
= 3.093
= 12 000 + (12 000)  100 (6)
= RM14 880
RM14 880
= 3.093
Ansuran bulanan =
(6 × 12 bulan)
= 1.759
RM14 880

Monthly instalment =
Jawapan / Answer: A (6 × 12 months)
= RM206.67
–3 3
33. –
=
Jawapan / Answer: B
x 2
x = 2
Jawapan / Answer: C 39. I Dapat berbelanja mengikut kehendak

Can spend according to wants
IV Dapat membuat pinjaman ketika waktu kecemasan
Can make a loan during emergency
34. Katakan x = bilangan pembaris
Let x = number of rulers
Jawapan / Answer: B
3 x
=
7 10 + 14 + x
3 x 40. Perbelanjaan tidak tetap ialah percutian, utiliti rumah, gimnasium
= dan belanja petrol.
7 24 + x
3(24 + x) = 7x Variable expenses are vacation, house’s utilities, gymnasium
72 + 3x = 7x and petrol expenses.
4x = 72 Jumlah / Amount
x = 18 = RM800 + RM550 + RM150 + RM350

Jawapan / Answer: A = RM1 850

Jawapan / Answer: A
35. Kebarangkalian / Probability
4 3
= × Kertas 2
10 9
2 Bahagian A
=
15
RM30.80 x

Jawapan / Answer: D 1. (a) =
3.5 kg 1.8 kg
RM30.80
x = × 1.8 kg
36. P(hanya seorang terpilih / only one is chosen) 3.5 kg
2 4 3 5 = RM15.84
= × + ×
5 9 5 9
23 (b) p : q = 5 × 3 : 7 × 3
= q : r = 3 × 7 : 4 × 7
45
p : q : r = 15 : 21 : 28

Jawapan / Answer: D

2. Luas sektor OPQR / Area of sector OPQR Jumlah harga / Total price
360° – 120° = 3(RM2) + 5(RM3)
= × 3.142 × 142
360° = RM21

= 410.55 cm2
8. V = {P, Q, R, S}
Luas semi bulatan SOR / Area of semicircle SOR
n(V) = 4
1
= × 3.142 × 72
2 E = {(P, Q), (P, S), (P, S), (Q, Q), (Q, R), (R, S)}
= 76.98 cm2 n(E) = 6
Luas kawasan berlorek / Area of the shaded region
= 410.55 – 76.98
9. (a) Kadar perubahan laju
= 333.57 cm2
Rate of change of speed
9 + 7p 40 – 24
3. 4p = =
p+4 8–0
4p(p + 4) = 9 + 7p = 2 m/s2
4p2 + 16p – 7p – 9 = 0
4p2 + 9p – 9 = 0 1
(b) × (40 + 24) × 8 + 40(t – 8) = 376
(4p – 3)(p + 3) = 0 2
3 256 + 40(t – 8) = 376
p = , p = –3
4 40(t – 8) = 120
t – 8 = 3
P t = 11
4. OQ2 = OP 2 + PQ2
= 82 + 152 cm 2 + 4 + k + 9 + 2k + 12
8 10. = 7
OQ = 
289 O
6
15 cm 3k + 27 = 42
= 17 cm
3k = 15
RQ = 17 – 8 k = 5
= 9 cm
Q 22 + 42 + 52 + 92 + 102 + 122

σ2 = – 72
15 6
5. sin ∠ADB = = 12.67
17
AB 15
=
BD 17 Bahagian B
AD = 
172 – 152
= 64 11. (a) (i) 215, 225
= 8 cm (ii) 308, 318
AC = 8 × 2 (b) (i) 1148 = 1 × 82 + 1 × 8 1 + 4 × 8 0
= 16 cm = 7610
AB 1567 = 1 × 72 + 5 × 71 + 6 × 70
tan ∠BCD =
AC = 9010
15 1235 = 1 × 52 + 2 × 51 + 3 × 50
=
16 = 3810
6. Kebarangkalian / Probability Oleh itu, Bahrin mendapat markah tertinggi.
2 4 2 Thus, Bahrin obtained the highest marks.
= × ×
6 9 6
(ii) 90 – 38 = 52
4
=
81 3 52
7. x = harga 1 kg rambutan / price of 1 kg rambutan 3 17 – 1
y = harga 1 kg pisang / price of 1 kg banana 3 5 – 2
3 1 – 2
x + 2y = 8 ……  00 – 1

2x − y = 1 …… 
5210 = 12213
Daripada  / From : y = 2x − 1 …… 
Gantikan  ke dalam  / Substitute  into : 12. (a) (i) Min jisim / Mean weight

x + 2(2x − 1) = 8 25 + 28 + 30 + 32 + 32 + 38 + 40 + 40 + 42 + 45
x + 4x − 2 = 8 =
10
5x = 10 = 35.2
x = 2
(ii)
Varians / Variance
Apabila / When x = 2, 252 + 282 + 302 + 322 + 322 + 382 + 402 +
y = 2(2) − 1 402 + 422 + 452
=3 = – 35.22
10
= 39.96

(b) Bagi baja Q, sisihan piawai 13. (a) A B C

For fertilizer Q, standard deviation
=√
39.96
= 6.32
F
Bagi baja P, sisihan piawai / For fertilizer P, mean weight
12 + 18 + 25 + 30 + 36 + 36 + 40 + 42 + 50 + 54
=
10
= 34.3 E D
(b) (i) D → E → F → B → A
varians / variance (ii) D → E → F → B → C → D → E → F → A
122 + 182 + 252 + 302 + 362 + 362 + 402 +
422 + 502 + 542 v – 120
= – 34.32 14. (a) = –32
10 2.5 – 0
= 160.01 v – 120 = –80
sisihan piawai / standard deviation v = 40
= √160.01 (b) (t – 2.5) × 40 = 20
= 12.65 t – 2.5 = 0.5
Baja Q akan dipilih kerana min jisimnya yang lebih tinggi t = 3
dan sisihan piawainya yang lebih rendah berbanding baja (c) Jumlah jarak / Total distance
P menunjukkan jisim yang lebih konsisten. 1 1
Fertilizer Q will be chosen because the mean weight is = (120 + 40)(2.5) + 20 + (1)(40) = 240 km
2 2
higher and the standard deviation is lower compared to (d) Laju purata / Average speed
fertilizer P shows that the weight is more consistent. 240
= = 60 km/j (km/h)
4
15.
Dongakan depan Dongakan sisi
Front elevation Side elevation
E E
G/M/F H/J F/J M G/H
A/D B/C L/K D/C/K A/B/L
45º
D E/F/C J/K
A G/B H/L
Pelan
Plan

Bahagian C / Section C 6 unit / units → RM348 – RM120

= RM228
16. (a) Katakan harga sebiji epal ialah RMa dan harga sebiji oren
RM228
ialah RMb. 1 unit →
6
Let the price of an apple is RMa and the price of an orange
= RM38
is RMb.
Jumlah wang Puan Selvi pada asalnya
5a + 8b = 18 … 
Puan Selvi’s amount of money at first
b = 0.3 + a … 
= (2 × RM38) + RM120
Gantikan  ke dalam  = RM196
Substitute  into  (d) Laju / Speed
5a + 8(0.3 + a) = 18 8
5a + 2.4 + 8a = 18 =
15
13a = 15.6 60
15.6
a = = 32 km/j (km/h)
13
= 1.2 n 9
17. (a)
=
20 4
Gantikan a = 1.2 ke dalam 

4n = 180
Substitute a = 1.2 into 
n = 45
b = 0.3 + 1.2
= 1.5 (b) Ya. Ini kerana bilangan telefon pintar untuk dibaiki jenama Y
adalah kurang daripada jenama W dengan andaian tempoh
Maka, harga sebiji epal ialah RM1.20 dan harga sebiji oren penggunaan setiap telefon itu adalah sama.
ialah RM1.50. Yes. This is because the number of smarthones to be
Thus, the price of an apple is RM1.20 and the price of an repaired for brand Y is less than of brand W by assuming
orange is RM1.50. the period of usage of each phone is the same.
(b) (i) x < 8 (c) (i)
y<x Bilangan telefon pintar / Number of smartphones
x + y > 12
80
(ii)
y
70
x=8
12
x + y = 12 y=x
60
10
50
8
40
6 R
30
4
20
2
10
0 x
2 4 6 8 10 12
0
W X Y Z
Jenama / Brand
(iii) 4
(ii) Jenama W / Brand W
(c) Sudut sektor / Angle of sector
Puan Selvi RM120
RM348
75
= × 360°
150
Puan Eng = 180°
Dibelanjakan Jenama X / Brand X

Spent Sudut sektor / Angle of sector
45
= × 360°
150
= 108°

Jenama Y / Brand Y
Sudut sektor / Angle of sector
10 W
= × 360°
150
= 24°
48°
Z 108°
Jenama Y / Brand Y
Sudut sektor / Angle of sector X
Y
20 24°
= × 360°
150
= 48°
(d) Kebarangkalian bahawa kedua-dua telefon pintar yang
dipilih adalah jenama yang sama
Probability that both smartphones chosen are of the same
brand
75 74 45 44 10 9
= × 
150 149  
+
150
×
149
+
150
× 
149 
20 19
+
150 ×
149 
37 66 3 38
= + + +
149 745 745 2 235
= 0.36

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JAWAPAN

1 Satu Pemboleh Ubah

A 1. Bukan kerana terdapat kuasa bagi x yang bukan nombor bulat.

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

(b) L 1. (a) 4x(x – 2) = 5

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) a = –1 , 0, bentuk f(x) 4. (a) a = 1 . 0, bentuk

(b) a = 1 . 0, bentuk f(x)

N 1. Luas mural 1 Luas mural 2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 4

PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM Jawapan / Answer: A –1O 2

PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM 3.

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

2 Number Bases Nilai tempat

45 104 113 1002 (b)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

7 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

2. (a) 2110 = 2103 6. (a) 4710 = 657

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Kertas 1 Jawapan / Answer: B

1. 11102 = (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (0 × 20) 3 9.

Jawapan / Answer: C Jawapan / Answer: A

3. 5718 = 5 × 82 + 7 × 81 + 1 × 80 11. 2537 = 2 × 72 + 5 × 71 + 3 × 70

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12

Kertas 2 C 1. Bukan semua poligon mempunyai sisi sama panjang.

13 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

2. xy = 0 jika dan hanya jika x = 0 atau y = 0.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 14

Kesimpulan: Jumlah bayaran / Total charges

15 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 16

(c) A > B > C = {8, 10, 14}

17 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

4. (a) (b) Q J 1. P = {M, A, T, E, I, K}

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 18

(b) (K < L) > M9

Gabungan Operasi Set

O 1. A = {12, 24, 36, 48} Q

19 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(ii) n(D sahaja / D only) 3. ξ

2. n(M sahaja / M only) = 100 – 45 20 – 8 – 7

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 20

10. n(j) = 30 + 24 – 10 Rangkaian

21 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(a) Masa terpendek

L 1. Laluan 2 kerana jumlah tambangnya yang lebih murah dan

Kuala Tapah (E, F), (F, F)}

Mentakab Gua Pasir Tumpat

23 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

1 + 2(3) = 7 6 2 + 2(2) = 6 6 2 + 2(3) = 8 6

7 . 6 (Ya / Yes) 6 . 6 (Tidak / No) 8 . 6 (Ya / Yes)

2. Susunan restoran dengan kos paling rendah: y2

Ketaksamaan Linear dalam Dua Pemboleh Ubah

2. Susunan restoran dengan kos paling rendah: y2