CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

The child-in-conflict with the law is a person age 18 who comes into touch with the court system

after being suspected or accused of committing a crime. Those children, who are likely to have

experienced abuse and neglect in their own homes and immediate environments, are now thrown into

harsh and dehumanizing situations within the adult criminal justice system. They are subjected to further

abuse and lose any hope of reintegration into their families and communities and becoming responsible

and productive citizens (“Save the Children UK," 2004).In essence, minors who have committed

criminal conduct are still legally prosecuted. However, to be effective, the process of investigating

criminal cases involving children must continue to emphasize the child's well-being ( Ariyani & Susilowati,

2021)

In India, child abuse is one of the social ills that affect children and families, schools, and

communities. The criminal behavior of children causes the family to suffer. Juvenile delinquency is a

societal problem that affects children who have run afoul of the law and their families, communities, and

society. A child's illegal activity causes their family to suffer and causes issues in society. Children

account for around 38 to 40 percent of India's overall population. India has the most children globally

(Ministry of Statistics and program implementation, Govt of India, 2012). One (1) children represent

about 38 - 40% of the population of India and India, with the massive number of children in the world.

India has a national children's policy that declares that children are a national asset.

Nevertheless, children in India continue to be at risk. According to a 2015 report by the National

Crimes Records Bureau, the youth crime rate has risen from 1.7 - 2.5% from 2005 to 2015. A 0.8%

increase in the number of cases registered under the IPC against Juveniles that violated the law in 2015.
In 2015, the number of registered child abuse cases was 33,526, and in 2005, the number of cases was

18,939. (NCRB, 2015). These figures focused on children's psychological and psychological issues with

legal conflicts in India (Aggrwal,2021).

In terms of the demographic profile of children in conflict with the law in Nasipit, Agusan del

Norte. The majority of the respondents are 15 to 16 years old, male, have 2 to 3 siblings, their mother is a

laundress, and their father is a laborer, their family income is P3,000 or less, and their educational

attainment is junior high school. Theft and curfew violations are the most common crimes done by

children, and the external environmental status is the key cause that leads to a child committing a crime.

Based on the findings of the study, the researchers will recommend that the MSWD work with the

administration to implement a Child-in-Conflict-with-the-Law development program in the Municipality

of Nasipit Agusan del Norte in order to educate juveniles about the negative consequences of coming

into contact with the law and to help them develop a moral attitude and proper behavior in the

community (Cassion et al., 2021).

Some children have families, while for others, family is meaningless. Some were pushed towards

a life of crime by syndicates rather than their parents. The Philippine National Police (PNP) revealed that

stealing is the most common infraction in the National Capital Region (NCR), followed by Central and

Western Visayas. Another issue raised is "gangsterism," which can give alcohol and drugs to kids. They

no longer feel hungry when they smell rugby, providing a temporary solution to an issue they regularly

experience (Rodriguez, 2014).

However, the study will be conducted to make a point of the demographic profile and determine

the factors affecting the child in conflict with Carmen, Agusan del Norte, and evaluate the crime rate

among juvenile offenders.

 Since the youngsters are the primary target of this study, they will know more about the child in

conflict. Also, they would be aware of the possible outcomes when they do or commit a crime. For the

parents, they would be aware of the youth crimes in the locality. Therefore, they would encourage their

children to take a better direction to divert their attention to committing such unlawful acts. Educators

will use the findings of this study to expand programs that increase student awareness to avoid a child

getting into trouble with the law or committing additional crimes in the future. Furthermore, this study

may serve as a stepping stone for those who aspire to explore further research.

Theoretical Framework

This study has anchored the Anomie Theory of Robert Merton (1938). This theory indicates that

juvenile criminality happens because the youngsters lack the means to be joyful. On the other hand,

Emile Durkheim (1893) sees that crime occurs mainly due to the pressure exerted by society's uneven

distribution of socioeconomic resources. Anomie may thus be defined as unstable social stability caused

by inequity in the social structure or a lack of individual or communal methods for adjusting to changing

social conditions (Wickert, 2019).

That was also being argued by the theory of Cloward and Ohin (1960) on their Differential

theory. They believe that to understand the many forms of delinquent and eventually criminal activity.

We must evaluate the various illegitimate options accessible to individuals seeking a route out of the

underclass and where these chances lead (Encyclopedia, 2021).

 Schematic Diagram

Input Thruput Output

1. Demographic profile of

Child in Conflict with the

Law:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 No. of siblings

1.4 Family occupation

1.5 Residence

1.6 Family Income Crimes committed by

Intervention Program
Child in Conflict with the
1.7 Educational
Law (CICL)
Attainment

2. Factors affecting Child

in Conflict with the Law

2.1 Family relationship

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to make a point of the demographic profile of the specific children

in conflict with the law in Carmen, Agusan del Norte that affects juvenile offender’s rate. It will find out

to answer the following queries:

1. What is the demographic profile of Child-in-Conflict with the Law (CICL) in Carmen, Agusan del

Norte with regards to:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 No. of siblings;

1.4 Family occupation;

1.5 Residence;

1.6 Family income; and

1.7 Educational attainment

2. What are the crimes committed by Child in Conflict with the Law (CICL)?
3. What are the factors affecting Child in Conflict with the law regarding:

3.1 Family Relationship;

3.2 Peer influence;

3.3 External environment status; and

3.4 Economic Status

4. What series of activities in an intervention program can offer after the study is conducted?

Null Hypothesis

Ho. There is a significant relationship between the crime commission of the children and the
factors that affect it.

Scope and Limitations

The study deals with the demographic profile and the factors that influence the child in conflict

with the law in Carmen, Agusan del Norte in 2020-2021. The study respondents are children or minors

who have a previous record in the Department of Social and Welfare Development (DSWD) in Carmen,

Agusan del Norte.

Definition of Terms

To clarify and understand the following terms that have been used in this study. It is conceptually

and operationally defined:

Age. It refers to the number of years of the respondents.

Child. Furthermore, it refers to a person under eighteen (18) years

Child-in-Conflict with the law. It defines a person who is under the age of eighteen and suspected to

have committed an offense.

Economic Status. Regarding the respondents' social position and financial hardship, criminal conduct

and domestic violence will be included.

Educational Attainment. It refers to the highest level of education that a person has attained.

External environment influence. These refer to the environment, which impacted the respondents

throughout their initial incredibly formative years and was governed by the antisocial behaviors

identified in their environment.

Family income. It refers to the respondent's parents' income.

Family occupation. It refers to the respondent's parents' job.

Family relationship. It refers to the respondent's intimacy with the family.

Gender. It is used to describe the condition of being a male or female of the respondents.

Intervention program. It refers to a series of activities designed to address issues that caused the child

to commit an offense.

Peer influence. It refers to the respondents' friends' power and authority over their actions.

Residence. It refers to a place where respondents live.

The number of siblings. It refers to the respondents' total number of brothers and sisters.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature

Related topics were discussed and presented here to reference this research: this compromises the

study's input, thru-put, and output. As cited by Cassion et al. (2021) stated that the factors influencing the

commission of crimes among selected CICL are family relationships, peer influence, external

environment influence, and Economic Status.

Section 2 (l3) of the Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act of 2015 defines a

"Child in Conflict with Law" as a child. Who is accused or determined to commit an offense is under the

age of eighteen, date of commission of such crime (Pedrajas, 2015).

Violations of curfew, underage drinking, running away from home, and truancy are all acts that

can only be committed by a minor and can only be tried by a juvenile court. These are classified as status

offenses and are not considered unlawful (Manwong, 2008). Often, prejudices based on race, ethnicity,
or social and economic position cause a child to violate the law even when no crime has been committed

or harsh treatment by law enforcement officers has ensued (Hicap, 2010).

In addition, there are five subgroups of child or adolescent offenders in Hillege’s child and

adolescent psychiatry and mental health research. First, sexual problems state that this subgroup's

juveniles are mainly sexually problematic, such as engaging in inappropriate sexual activity or

committing a sexual offense. They also show signs of mental illness, such as peer rejection. Second,

antisocial identity and mental health problems state that this group comprises children who exhibit

antisocial conduct and have mental health issues. Third, lack of empathy and conscience says that this

grouping of adolescents is quite similar to subgroup 2, but without the mental health and substance abuse

issues.

Furthermore, these adolescents show signs of developing personality disorders such as antisocial,

narcissistic, or borderline personality disorder. Fourth, family problems and states that family issues are

common among children in this class, such as inconsistent parenting, abuse, and seeing violence.

Moreover, the last one is sexual, cognitive, and social problems. This group consists of adolescents who

have issues with sexuality and a lack of social and cognitive abilities. They also show signs of mental

health issues. These individuals have experienced peer rejection and autism spectrum disorders (Hillege

et al., 2017).

Age

Since the start of criminology, there has been a correlation between age and criminal conduct. For

instance, Adolphe Quetelet (1831/1984) was discovered that the proportion of the population

participating in crime peaks in youth or early adulthood and subsequently declines with age. It is well

accepted that age is one of the most potent predictors of criminal conduct. Indeed, others argue that the

age-crime relationship is invariant or universal across cultures, societies, and periods (Hirschi &
Gottfredson, 1983). However, given the scarcity of data, claiming invariance in the age-crime

relationship is a relatively strong assumption. We don't have much information on the age distribution of

crime across nations, historical periods, and demographic subgroups (Ulmer & Steffensmeier, 2014).

Assume that the age-crime relationship is invariant, meaning that crime is proportionately higher among

young individuals. They decline with age at some point in life, where offending is rare among the

elderly. In that case, this pattern is widespread throughout cultures and periods.

Interestingly, different definitions of "young" or "crime-prone early ages" appear to be employed in

developing the conventional or invariant age-crime curve (Ulmer & Steffensmeier, 2014). On the other

hand, the number of self-reported offenses in the same age group peaked between 15 and 18 but

plummeted by 24 (Farrington, 2000). It relates to the results in the study of Cassion et al. (2021), in

child-in-conflict with the law in Nasipit Agusan del Norte, found out that most responders are between

the ages of 15 and 16 years old.

Gender

Gender-based criminal acts are the manifestation of injustices drawn from the point of view of a

person that believes in patriarchy. According to Bhasin, patriarchy is a type of conduct poured into a

male dominion used to subjugate women in numerous ways (Putri et al., 2015). While females have

traditionally made up a modest proportion of the juvenile justice population, female offending is rising.

For most offenses, female offenders are less likely than male offenders to be apprehended and legally

prosecuted. On the other hand, female offenders are more likely than male criminals to be sentenced to

secure detention once accused (Hodgdon & Hillary, 2008). According to studies in custody, as stated in
the study of Hodgdon and Hillary (2008), females' aggressive behavior patterns are reversing. In

standardized situations, adolescent offenders are more aggressive against staff than male offenders.

In sum, girls in the legal system face a variety of risk factors, typically at a greater rate than their

male counterparts. Offending girls have more excellent rates of mental health problems, are more

aggressive toward family members and romantic partners, and face more negative repercussions due to

their contact with the legal system than offending boys. Despite their more significant demand for

services, antisocial females are less likely to receive treatment and have fewer community-based

treatment choices than boys. Finally, legally charged females are more likely than boys to be held in

secure detention and act aggressively while there. Combining these characteristics puts female offenders

on a path to ongoing participation with the judicial system and long-term dysfunction, which they carry

into adulthood and pass on to their children (Hodgdon & Hillary, 2008).

No. of siblings

The existence of a positive relationship between child criminal conduct and the number of

siblings remains an essential family-variable explanation for juvenile delinquency (Tygart, 1991).

Siblings have a long-standing and emotionally close relationship, making them more prone to influence

each other's conduct and serve as delinquent role models. A vast amount of developmental psychology

research focuses on how siblings impact each other's behavioral adjustment, both favorably and

adversely. This study field's findings demonstrate that adolescent actions are indeed connected to those

of their siblings. So far, the significance of sibling influence in understanding teenage misbehavior has

received very little consideration. A few classic and well-known criminological studies have stressed the

role of siblings, particularly older brothers, as mentors in crime. However, recent literature is scarce.

Several studies have found that elder delinquent siblings' conduct is a substantial risk factor for

teenagers' delinquent behavior and drug use. Others have shown bidirectional relationships between older

and younger siblings.

Furthermore, sibling resemblance in delinquent conduct appears to be stronger in same-sex sibling pairs

than in mixed-sex sibling pairs, which will be explained by same-sex siblings feeling more connected to

each other than opposite-sex siblings. According to research, brother-brother pairings had the most

sibling resemblance in delinquency, whereas sister-sister couples have the lowest. However, it is

uncertain to what degree these relationships and impacts alter during adolescence (Huijsmans et al.,

2019).

Family Occupation

The relationship between the parental profession and educational level and adolescent criminality

was not significant. However, a strong association has been established between mothers' employment

and degree of education and juveniles' criminality. In this study, juveniles with illiterate moms were

more likely to conduct larceny. In contrast, those with a high-school diploma were more likely to do

mischief and mayhem. Children with homemakers and working moms may have committed more

stealing due to financial needs. More research is needed to explain why juveniles with staff mothers do

evil-doing (Nourollah et al., 2015). Too frequently, the essential social experience gained in the family is

insufficient. Poverty and unemployment determine socioeconomic status.

Children who grow up in unstable families and social surroundings are considered at-risk because

they are more vulnerable to negative influences. Depending on the degree and kind of impacts, a parent's

socioeconomic situation might cause antisocial behavior, leading to criminally deviant behavior later in

life. Children's socio-economic situation has caused various issues, ranging from academic attention to a

lack of appropriate behavior in all aspects of life. For example, the socioeconomic position of parents

increases violent behavior by making children from low socioeconomic level households envious of their
classmates from well-to-do homes. As a result, they engage in various delinquent behaviors (Ngozi,

2011).

Residence

A society that lacks social constancy and stability and is constantly characterized by chaos and

disorder, such as war, riots, class differences, air pollution, poor living conditions, and a high population,

will undoubtedly provide an appropriate environment and context for the commission of delinquency. In

contrast, a society with proper stability and social order can eradicate the roots of negligence and its

causes (Widom, 1989c).

In addition, the neighborhood in which an individual life is one of the risk factors for juvenile

delinquency, which often begins around the age of 12-14 years old. Neighborhood violence, drugs, and

disorganization are all risk factors that might contribute to an increase in juvenile criminality. For such a

risk factor, there are generally fewer protective variables for the individual. However, the association

between urbanization and prime is prompted by juvenile delinquents who cannot adjust to the location

and prevalence of subcultures and the ease with which these societies may be communicated.

Furthermore, the juvenile's life in the area might impact the juvenile's conduct (Aksoy, 2017).

Family Income

There have been different pieces of research on the association between poverty and adolescent

criminality. Furthermore, there is strong evidence to imply that they have a good association. For

example, one study by (Roger et al., 2002) suggests that "poor and delinquency are associated." Children

who endure protracted periods of poverty between birth and age five or in their early adolescent years

(ages 11-15) are more prone to participate in both property and violent offenses." Scientists feel that

there is a two-way interaction and that both can become a cause or an effect.
 The lack of family resources in these communities has had a significant influence on the well-

being of the young. Families enduring challenges are compelled to bear the load alone. Part of that

weight is occasionally placed on young teens. These costs are compounded in hostile and hazardous

circumstances, resulting in complex trauma in growing brains. Complex trauma impairs a child's brain's

natural development, leading to learning difficulties and mental health concerns. Being in the wrong

frame of mind might lead to a young person committing illegal acts. A kid is more prone to face

difficulties as a result of trauma (Cuentas, 2018).

Educational Attainment

Criminal participation and low educational attainment among young people are two social

problems with proximate causes and overlapping characteristics. Illegal participation can harm academic

success and vice versa. Studies have demonstrated that a child's early aggressive conduct might lead to

troubles in school. Because of these issues, the youngster may receive negative assessments from

instructors and classmates. These obstacles may, in turn, lead to delinquency. Children nowadays do not

have the same possibilities as other children. The majority of them are considerably more likely to

encounter various negative consequences throughout their lives, such as unemployment, criminal

activity, and poor health. The underlying causes of these consequences might manifest themselves at an

early age, most notably through poor academic performance and juvenile criminality (Baguio et al.,

2018).

In addition, adolescence is when criminal behavior is at its peak, and school dropouts are

standard. The average juvenile school dropout rate in European Union member states was found to be

more than 10%. Simultaneously, over 30% of minors in EU nations report engaging in some form of

delinquent activity in the previous year. Furthermore, early criminal activity may lead to recurrent

criminality, which is associated with a similar set of poor effects, such as lower odds of employment and

expected earnings (Farrington, 1986).

Family relationship

The first setting in which an individual grows and learns the norms is the family environment.

The relationship between corrupted parents and the development of a delinquent personality in children

is maybe the most critical factor in the conduct of crimes. In general, parents are the ones who plant the

seeds of thoughts and sentiments in their offspring. In some families, the origins of love, compassion,

respect, self-reliance, and independence are produced. In contrast, in others, the seeds of fear, guilt, and

duty are planted. It is common for parents to shout at their children at times and physically discipline

their children. Are these people bad parents? Of course not, they are also humans with their issues that

sometimes cause them to lose control, but they compensate for it with affection or apologizing; however,

some parents constantly behave with mental distress and aggression with their children destroying their

lives. Such behavior permeates a child's youth like poison. The resulting agony grows worse over time as

the youngster grows older (Moghadam & Tajdar, 2012).

Also, the main factor that primarily affects the family relationship is emotion. Emotions such as

fear, anger, and maternal devotion are only a few factors that must be adequately explored. A kid needs

affection more than anything else. Still, if the attachment, for all its qualities and worth, exceeds the

usual bounds and causes the child to become wayward, it will produce harmful hazards; this is especially

true for children over the age of seven. In any case, the kid has emotions and sentiments that must be

managed and regarded correctly in the early stages, and practical training of the child is the duty of the

parents; otherwise, the child may develop complexes and finally deviate (Widom, 1989b).

Peer influence

According to social learning theories, delinquent peer norms and peer pressure are components of

delinquent peer socialization that contribute to juvenile delinquency. These precise peer impacts,

however, are rarely examined. Furthermore, social learning theories such as coercion theory contend that
parental actions significantly impact the development or prevention of delinquency. Surprisingly, little

study has been conducted to determine if parental activities can attenuate the relationship between the

peer above effects and teenage criminality (Defoe et al., 2018).

Besides, teenagers' brains are not entirely formed like adults' brains are. As a result, kids are more

susceptible to being influenced by illegal peer behavior than adults. Inside and outside of school,

adolescent girls and boys spend more time with their friends and classmates. This is also a primary

reason why kids are prone to imitating illegal behavior from their peers (“The National Academies

Press," 2001). Friendship with corrupted and profligate people is one of the other elements that influence

children's delinquency. Adolescents frequently copy and are heavily impacted by their peers' conduct.

When an adolescent is rejected by his family, he will seek out peers his age to compensate for emotional

and psychological shortcomings and acquire support and respect. He is seeking folks who are similar to

him. As a result, it is more likely to become involved in antisocial and criminal activities through the

encouragement and influence of corrupted peers (Raheb, 2010).

External environmental influence

As cited by Reimer & Cresswell (2018), If a child grows up in a violent area, they are more likely

to engage in delinquent behavior. Many people refer to this as street survival strategies because the child

runs into trouble to avoid difficulty with local gang members or violent persons. In many circumstances,

removing the child from this sort of setting eliminates their susceptibility for delinquent behavior.

Also, this factor is supported by Farrington (2000), and after the child's initial highly formative

years, they are molded. Their community friends may influence them to become a delinquent.

Eventually, they become victims of their environment, attitude, clothes, interests, goals, and even

conduct, which have already been impacted by the antisocial activities observed in their environment.

Associations with criminal organizations, drunkenness, drug addiction, and crime-inducing situations
that lead to criminalistic inclinations are factors that mimic instincts such as greed, aggressiveness, and

antisocial desires.

In addition, antisocial learning chances may be more prevalent in certain residential regions.

Impoverished inner-city areas, for example, are marked by the predominance of delinquent peer groups

and gangs that engage young people in criminal activity. Children who grow up in high-crime

neighborhoods are more likely to be exposed to crime-friendly norms and, therefore, more likely to

commit crimes. In contrast, having easy access to firearms raises the chance of violence (Elliot, 2015).

Economic Status

Poverty is another of the leading causes of deviant conduct in people, particularly among

adolescents and teenagers, such as burglary and sexual perversion. Poverty is the root cause of most

deprivations and dissatisfaction with aspirations resulting in social insecurity, and it cannot be

disregarded. Unemployment, a lack of food and clothes, illiteracy, backwardness, ignorance and

superstition, a lack of sufficient health care, and many sorts of mental and physical ailments; even on a

global scale, conflicts and crimes are motivated by material interests and a fear of poverty. When mercy,

compassion, and justice are forgotten among the top classes of society due to increased gain of advantage

and thirst for more success, one cannot expect friendship, kindness, and compassion from the

underclasses. Low-income families cannot afford to educate their children—Ragamuffin, microbial

contamination, and becoming infected with a range of pathogens. Poverty is the direct cause of

communicable and noncommunicable illnesses. Theft is the most common offense among children. It has

been established that there is a link between mental illness and economic situations, such as prostitution,

beggary, and other sorts of theft. Housing is one of a family's basic requirements. Families of
undeveloped children o offenders frequently live in slums or decrepit and unclean quarters and

unsanitary and unsuitable conditions, with all family members residing in one room. Lack of appropriate

diet and clothes generates weakness, rage, and selfishness, which leads to deception (“Report to

Congress: Juvenile Mentoring Program," 1998; Verrecchia et al., 2010).

Moreover, Farjad (1995) concluded that economic status has a role in delinquency causation.

Although an economic position may not be a factor in offense and crime, a sense of personal inferiority

or financial constraints in a person may contribute to increased aggression. Low-quality and inadequate

food, a low standard of living, insecurity, a poor health status, and the work situation of one's parents all

contribute to delinquent conduct.

The researcher prefers to conduct this study to determine the demographic profiling and factors

affecting child-in-conflict with Carmen, Agusan del Norte law.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses and deals with the study's research design, research locale, research

respondents, ethical standards, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment.

Research Design

This study will use a quantitative-descriptive research approach. The demographic factors

affecting the child-in-conflict with the law in Carmen, Agusan del Norte, specifically, age, gender, no. of

siblings, family occupation, residence, family income, and educational attainment, will be identified. The

researchers will be mainly focusing on data from 2020-2021.

To collect a total sample of juvenile offender respondents, the researcher used purposive

sampling.

Research Locale
 The researchers acquired information from the Department of Social Welfare and Development's

raw data provided by Cielo Chenille R. Abrau, the head social worker in Carmen Agusan del Norte, in

charge of the cases.

Carmen is a coastal municipality in the Agusan del Norte province. According to the 2015

consensus, Carmen had a total population of 20,819 people, divided into 4,711 homes with an average of

4.42 people per family. The municipality covers 214.44 square kilometers (82.80 square miles),

accounting for 8.21% of Agusan del Norte's total land area. The population was 23,172, according to the

2020 Census. It accounted for 5.98 percent of the total population of Agusan del Norte province and 0.83

percent of the Caraga region's total population.

When all age groups are included, the young dependant population, which provides for

infants/babies, children, and young adolescents/teenagers, accounts for 35.76 percent (7,451). The

economically active population and existing or potential workforce members, roughly those aged 15 to

64, account for 58.38 percent of the population (12,166).

Carmen has 8 barangays. One is rural, and the other seven are urban: Poblacion, Manoligao,

Rojales, Tagcatong, Cahayagan, San Agustin, Gosoon and Vinapor.

Carmen gained its current name from the miraculous image of the Virgin of Mount Carmen,

which is said to have played a role in the assassination of the local bandit leader. Rev. Saturnino Urios, a

well-known Jesuit priest in Agusan, suggested changing Kabayawa's name to Carmen in honor of the

secret image.

Research Respondents

The study will be focused on the young offenders under 18 years old in Carmen, Agusan del

Norte. They are bound to face severe criminal sentences but are instead immersed in intervention and
diversion programs. The representation of the respondent, the researchers, were utilizing the universal

sampling.

Table 1

Distribution of Respondents

N = 12

Months (2020-2021 Population Percentage

January 2

February 0

March 2

April 2

May 1

June 0

July 1

August 1
 September 1

October 1

November 1

December 0

Total 12

Research Instrument

The research instrument used in the study is adopted from the study of Etemadi (2005) and

Cassion et al. (2021) entitled “Child in Conflict with the Law in Nasipit, Agusan del Norte."

The research questionnaire is divided into two (2) categories. The demographic profile of Child in

Conflict with the Law in Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, and the factors that affect the commission of such

crime and the reason behind their criminal conduct.

Part I - This seeks information on the demographic profile of Child in Conflict with the Law in Carmen

Agusan del Norte in terms of age, gender, no. of siblings, family occupation, residence, family income,

and educational attainment.

Part II – In part of this, this may answer the question of the factors that influence a child in committing a

crime.

Ethical Standards
 Before conducting the survey, the researcher must first discuss the following rules to ensure the

respondent's protection. Participants will be kept informed about all aspects of the study.

The purpose of the study, data collecting, and feedback on the outcomes are all factors that may

impact willingness to participate. Before distributing the questionnaire to the respondents, respondents

should read and review the approved letter and wait for the researcher's confirmation to fill out the

information. However, with the collaboration of the head of the Municipal Social Welfare and

Development (MSWD), they must educate the respondents that the following queries are for Child-in-

Conflict with the Law in Carmen, Agusan del Norte. Lastly, after giving the whole instructions with the

help of the head of MSWD, the researchers will ask the respondents to fill out the survey.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers should follow the process. First, the researcher will prepare a letter of request and

be signed by the research adviser and give it to the head of MSWD, responsible for handling the case, for

the research's approval. Second, the distribution of a questionnaire to the child offenders in Carmen,

Agusan del Norte, with the informed consent letter. Third, the gathering of the survey questionnaire;

after the respondents fill out the questionnaire, the researchers will gather it one by one and should be

adequately examined to avoid inconvenience. Lastly, the data or information were checked, analyzed,

tabulated, and interpreted using statistical tools.

Statistical Treatment

The following statistical technique was utilized for suitable data analysis and interpretation in

analyzing and interpreting the study's results.

Frequency and Percentage – this tool is used to figure out the demographic profile of Child in Conflict

with the Law (CICL) in Carmen, Agusan del Norte about (1) Age, (2) Gender, (3) No. of siblings, (4)

Family occupation, (5) Residence, (6) Family income and (7) Educational attainment.

Weighted Mean – this tool is used to figure out the factors that affect the child in the commission of the

crime in terms of (1) Family relationship, (2) Peer influence, (3) External environmental influence, and

(4) Economic status.