Maestra: Isaura García Maldonado

1
Objetivo del curso
Evaluación:
¿En qué consisten los balances de materia
y energía?
Importancia y aplicación de los balances
de materia y energía
PAPEL DEL IQ

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• 𝒙𝒘𝒊 • 𝒙𝒏𝒊

𝑚𝑖 𝑛𝑖
𝑥𝑤𝑖 = 𝑥𝑛𝑖 =
𝑀 𝑁

𝑚𝑖 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑖 𝑛𝑖 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑖

𝑁 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎
𝑀 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎

• 𝒙𝒗𝒊 • 𝒙𝒑𝒊

𝑣𝑖 𝑝𝑖
𝑥𝑣𝑖 = 𝑥𝑝𝑖 =
𝑉 𝑃
𝑣𝑖 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑖 𝑝𝑖 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑖
𝑉 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 𝑃 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎
 𝑛 𝑛

෍ 𝑥𝑓𝑖 = 1 ෍ %𝑥𝑓𝑖 = 100

𝑖=1 𝑖=1

𝑓 = 𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑓=𝑤
𝑓=𝑛
𝑓=𝑣
𝑓=𝑝

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

෍ 𝑥𝑤𝑖 = 1 ෍ 𝑥𝑛𝑖 = 1 ෍ 𝑥𝑣𝑖 = 1 ෍ 𝑥𝑝𝑖 = 1

𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1

𝑛=2 𝑛=4
𝑥𝑤1 + 𝑥𝑤2 = 1 𝑥𝑤1 + 𝑥𝑤2 + 𝑥𝑤3 + 𝑥𝑤4 = 1
 Ejemplo:

𝑂2 𝑚𝑂2 = 12 𝑔 𝑚𝑖
𝑥𝑤𝑖 =
𝑀

𝑁2 𝑚𝑁2 = 20 𝑔 𝑚𝑂2 12 𝑔 𝑚𝑁2 20 𝑔

𝑥𝑤𝑂2 = = = 0.375 𝑥𝑤𝑁2 = = = 0.625
𝑀 32 𝑔 𝑀 32 𝑔

𝑀 = 𝑚𝑂2 + 𝑚𝑁2 = 12 + 20 = 32𝑔 𝑥𝑤𝑂2 + 𝑥𝑤𝑁2 = 1 𝑥𝑤𝑁2 = 1 − 𝑥𝑤𝑂2 = 1 − 0.375 = 0.625

𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝑔 𝑚𝑖
32 𝑃𝑀𝑖 =
𝑂2 𝑛𝑖
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
𝑁2 28
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀
𝑃𝑀𝑤 =
𝑁
 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝑔 𝑚𝑖
𝑂2 32 𝑚𝑂2 = 12 𝑔 𝑃𝑀𝑖 =
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑛𝑖
𝑔 𝑚𝑖
𝑁2 28 𝑚𝑁2 = 20 𝑔 𝑛𝑖 =
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑃𝑀𝑖

𝑂2 𝑁2
𝑛𝑖
𝑚𝑂2 12 𝑔 𝑥𝑛𝑖 =
𝑛𝑂2 = = = 0.375 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁 𝑥𝑛𝑂2 + 𝑥𝑛𝑁2 = 1
𝑃𝑀𝑂2 32 𝑔
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛𝑂 0.375 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥𝑛𝑁2 = 1 − 𝑥𝑛𝑂2
𝑥𝑛𝑂2 = 2= = 0.3443
𝑚𝑁2 20 𝑔 𝑁 1.0893 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛𝑁2 = = = 0.7143 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥𝑛𝑁2 = 1 − 0.3443
𝑃𝑀𝑁2 28 𝑔
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑛𝑁2 0.7143 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥𝑛𝑁2 = = = 0.6557 𝑥𝑛𝑁2 = 0.6557
𝑁 1.0893 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁 = 𝑛𝑂2 + 𝑛𝑁2 = 0.375 + 0.7143 = 1.0893 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑁𝑅𝑇 𝑃𝑣𝑖 = 𝑛𝑖 𝑅𝑇
 𝑁𝑅𝑇 𝒙𝒏𝒊 = 𝒙𝒗𝒊
𝑉= ⋯ (1)
𝑃

𝑛𝑖 𝑅𝑇
𝑣𝑖 = ⋯ (2)
𝑃

𝑣𝑖
𝑥𝑣𝑖 = ⋯ (3)
𝑉

𝑛𝑖 𝑅𝑇
𝑃 𝑛𝑖
𝑥𝑣𝑖 = = = 𝑥𝑛𝑖
𝑁𝑅𝑇 𝑁
𝑃
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑁𝑅𝑇 𝑝𝑖 𝑉 = 𝑛𝑖 𝑅𝑇

𝑁𝑅𝑇 𝑛𝑖 𝑅𝑇
𝑃= ⋯ (1) 𝑝𝑖 = ⋯ (2)
𝑉 𝑉
𝑥𝑛,𝑖 = 𝑥𝑣,𝑖 = 𝑥𝑝,𝑖
 𝑝𝑖
𝑥𝑝𝑖 = ⋯ (3)
𝑃

𝑛𝑖 𝑅𝑇
𝑛𝑖
𝑥𝑝𝑖 = 𝑉 = = 𝑥𝑛𝑖
𝑁𝑅𝑇 𝑁
𝑉

𝒙𝒏𝒊 = 𝒙𝒑𝒊
 𝑛

𝑀 = ෍ 𝑚𝑖 ⋯ (6)
𝑚𝑖 𝑖=1
𝑥𝑤𝑖 = ⋯ (1)
𝑀

𝑚𝑖 𝑀 = ෍ 𝑥𝑛𝑖 𝑁𝑃𝑀𝑖 ⋯ (7)

𝑃𝑀𝑖 = 𝑚𝑖 = 𝑛𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑖 ⋯ (2) 𝑖=1
𝑛𝑖

𝑛𝑖 𝑥𝑛𝑖 𝑁𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑥𝑛𝑖 = ⋯ (3) 𝑥𝑤𝑖 =
𝑁 σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑛𝑖 𝑁𝑃𝑀𝑖

𝑛𝑖
𝑛𝑖 = 𝑥𝑛 𝑖 𝑁 ⋯ (4) 𝒙𝒏𝒊 𝑷𝑴𝒊
𝒙𝒘𝒊 =
σ𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝒙𝒏𝒊 𝑷𝑴𝒊
𝑚𝑖 = 𝑥𝑛 𝑖 𝑁𝑃𝑀𝑖 ⋯ (5)
 𝑥𝑛𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑥𝑤𝑖 = 𝑛
σ𝑗=1 𝑥𝑛𝑗 𝑃𝑀𝑗

𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, 4, ⋯ , 𝑛
 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑔
0.3443 32
𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔 𝑥𝑤𝑂2 = 𝑔 = 0.3750
𝑂2 0.3443 𝑛 32 0.3443 32 + 0.6557 28
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑔
𝑁2 0.6557 𝑛 28
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔
0.6557 28
𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥𝑤𝑁2 = 𝑔 = 0.6250
0.3443 32 + 0.6557 28
𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑥𝑛𝑂2 𝑃𝑀𝑂2
𝑥𝑤𝑂2 = 𝑥𝑤𝑂2 + 𝑥𝑤𝑁2 = 1
𝑥𝑛𝑂2 𝑃𝑀𝑂2 + 𝑥𝑛𝑁2 𝑃𝑀𝑁2

𝑥𝑤𝑁2 = 1 − 𝑥𝑤𝑂2 = 1 − 0.3750 = 0.6250

𝑥𝑛𝑁2 𝑃𝑀𝑁2
𝑥𝑤𝑁2 =
𝑥𝑛𝑂2 𝑃𝑀𝑂2 + 𝑥𝑛𝑁2 𝑃𝑀𝑁2
 𝑥𝑛𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝒏=𝟐 𝑥𝑤𝑖 = 𝑛 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, 4, ⋯ , 𝑛
σ𝑗=1 𝑥𝑛𝑗 𝑃𝑀𝑗
𝒊=𝟏
𝑥𝑛1 𝑃𝑀1 𝑛=2
𝑥𝑤1 = ෍ 𝑥𝑛𝑗 𝑃𝑀𝑗 = 𝑥𝑛1 𝑃𝑀1 + 𝑥𝑛2 𝑃𝑀2
𝑥𝑛1 𝑃𝑀1 + 𝑥𝑛2 𝑃𝑀2
𝑗=1

𝒊=𝟐

𝑥𝑛2 𝑃𝑀2
𝑥𝑤2 =
𝑥𝑛1 𝑃𝑀1 + 𝑥𝑛2 𝑃𝑀2

𝒏=𝟑

𝑥𝑛1 𝑃𝑀1 𝑥𝑛2 𝑃𝑀2

𝑥𝑤1 = 𝑥𝑛3 𝑃𝑀3
𝑥𝑛1 𝑃𝑀1 + 𝑥𝑛2 𝑃𝑀2 + 𝑥𝑛3 𝑃𝑀3 𝑥𝑤2 = 𝑥𝑤3 =
𝑥𝑛1 𝑃𝑀1 + 𝑥𝑛2 𝑃𝑀2 + 𝑥𝑛3 𝑃𝑀3 𝑥𝑛1 𝑃𝑀1 + 𝑥𝑛2 𝑃𝑀2 + 𝑥𝑛3 𝑃𝑀3
 𝑛

𝑁 = ෍ 𝑛𝑖 ⋯ (6)
𝑖=1
𝑛𝑖
𝑥𝑛𝑖 = ⋯ (1)
𝑁
𝑛
𝑥𝑤 𝑖 𝑀
𝑁=෍ ⋯ (7)
𝑚𝑖 𝑚𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑛𝑖 = ⋯ (2) 𝑖=1
𝑃𝑀𝑖 = 𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑛𝑖

𝑥𝑤 𝑖 𝑀
𝑚𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑥𝑤𝑖 = ⋯ (3) 𝑥𝑛𝑖 =
𝑀 𝑥𝑤 𝑀
σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝑖
𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑚𝑖 𝑚𝑖 = 𝑥𝑤 𝑖 𝑀 ⋯ (4) 𝑥𝑤 𝑖
𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑥𝑛𝑖 = 𝑥𝑤
𝑥𝑤 𝑖 𝑀 σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝑖
𝑛𝑖 = ⋯ (5) 𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑃𝑀𝑖
 𝑥𝑤 𝑖
𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑥𝑛𝑖 = 𝑥𝑤 𝑗 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, 4, ⋯ , 𝑛
𝑛
σ𝑗=1
𝑃𝑀𝑗
 𝑥𝑤 𝑖
𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑥𝑛𝑖 = 𝑥𝑤 𝑗 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, 4, ⋯ , 𝑛
𝑛
σ𝑗=1
𝑃𝑀𝑗

𝒊=𝟐 𝒊=𝟑
𝒊=𝟏
𝑥𝑤 2 𝑥𝑤 3
𝑥𝑤 1 𝑃𝑀2 𝑃𝑀3
𝑃𝑀1 𝑥𝑛2 =𝑥 𝑥𝑛2 =𝑥 𝑥𝑤 2 𝑥𝑤 3
𝑥𝑛1 =𝑥 𝑤1 𝑥𝑤 2 𝑥𝑤 3 𝑤1
+ +
𝑤1 𝑥𝑤 2 𝑥𝑤 3 + + 𝑃𝑀1 𝑃𝑀2 𝑃𝑀3
+ + 𝑃𝑀1 𝑃𝑀2 𝑃𝑀3
𝑃𝑀1 𝑃𝑀2 𝑃𝑀3
 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝑥𝑤 𝑂
𝑔 2
𝑂2 0.15 𝑤 32 𝑃𝑀𝑂2
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥𝑛𝑂2 =𝑥 𝑥𝑤 𝑁
𝑤 𝑂2 𝑥𝑤
+ 2
+ 𝐴𝑟
𝑃𝑀𝑂2 𝑃𝑀𝑁2 𝑃𝑀𝐴𝑟
𝑔
𝑁2 0.60 𝑤 28
𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.15 1
32 ൗ𝑔
𝑔 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐴𝑟 0. 25 𝑤 40 𝑥𝑛𝑂2 = = 0.1448
𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.15 0.60 0.25 𝑔
+ +
32 28 40 ൗ𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.60 1 𝑥𝑛𝐴𝑟 = 1 − 𝑥𝑛𝑂2 − 𝑥𝑛𝑁2

28 ൗ𝑔
𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥𝑛𝑁2 = = 0.6621
0.15 0.60 0.25 𝑔
+ +
32 28 40 ൗ𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥𝑛𝐴𝑟 = 1 − 0.1448 − 0.6621 = 0.1931
 𝑷𝑴𝒘

𝑛
𝑀
𝑃𝑀𝑤 = ⋯ (1) 𝑀 = ෍ 𝑛𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑖 ⋯ (5)
𝑁 𝑖=1

𝑀 = 𝑁𝑃𝑀𝑤 ⋯ (2) 𝑛𝑖
𝑥𝑛𝑖 = 𝑛𝑖 = 𝑥𝑛 𝑖 𝑁 ⋯ (6)
𝑁
𝑚𝑖
𝑃𝑀𝑖 = ⋯ (3) 𝑛
𝑛𝑖
𝑀 = ෍ 𝑥𝑛 𝑖 𝑁𝑃𝑀𝑖 ⋯ (7)
𝑚𝑖
𝑖=1
𝑚𝑖 = 𝑛𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑖 ⋯ (4)

𝑛
𝑛
𝑃𝑀𝑤 = ෍ 𝑥𝑛 𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑖
𝑀 = 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 + 𝑚3 + ⋯ + 𝑚𝑛 = ෍ 𝑚𝑖 ⋯ (5)
𝑖=1
𝑖=1
 ∆𝐹 𝑑𝐹
= =0
∆𝜃 𝑑𝜃

∆𝐹 = 𝑑𝐹

∆𝜃 = 𝑑𝜃
𝐹1 = 100 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ 𝐹2 = 100 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ

𝜃1 = 14: 00 ℎ𝑟𝑠. 𝜃2 = 18: 00 ℎ𝑟𝑠.

∆𝐹 𝑑𝐹 𝐹2 − 𝐹1 100 − 100
= = = =0
∆𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝜃2 − 𝜃1 18 − 14
 ∆𝐹 𝑑𝐹
= ≠0 ∆𝐹 = 𝑑𝐹
∆𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∆𝜃 = 𝑑𝜃

𝐹1 = 100 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ 𝐹2 = 95 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ

1 2
𝜃1 = 14: 00 ℎ𝑟𝑠. 𝜃2 = 18: 00 ℎ𝑟𝑠.
∆𝐹 𝑑𝐹 𝐹2 − 𝐹1 95 − 100
= = = ≠0
∆𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝜃2 − 𝜃1 18 − 14