Senior High School

CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGION

QUARTER 4
WEEK 2
Learning Competency: Critiques available materials and appropriate techniques
Semester: 2nd Semester
Quarter: 4th Quarter
Critiquing Versus Criticizing
Taking note of the process of creation, paying attention to the kind art materials and the way they were used,
considering the art technique that was applied, are some of the ways of critiquing.
However, relying on feelings for evaluation, depending heavily on the visual appeal of the artwork, judging the
finished product of the creation as either beautiful or ugly, nice or not nice, are some of the gauges used for criticizing.
Critique is taken from the Greek kritike tekhne, which means "the critical art”. It is somewhat a formal word that
typically refers to a careful judgment. It refers to the detailed analysis and assessment of something. On the other hand,
criticism refers to a sharp or severe disapproval of something, generally based on perceived faults or errors. It is judging
with disapproval. It is negative in nature.

Critiquing Appropriate Art Materials

In using available art materials, they have to undergo evaluation for them to be deemed really useful. The
usefulness of these art materials is dependent on certain factors. Each art material has to be examined in certain ways.
Some of the basic considerations in critiquing available art materials are availability, accessibility, and affordability.
Availability. An art material has to be obtainable, ready for use, at hand. Simply put, the art material exists or is
physically present for the artist to use. It is already there; this is the quality of being able to be used or obtained.
Accessibility. An art material has to be within the artist’s reach, easily acquired without much effort or difficulty for the
artist. It is the quality of being acquired or used easily.
Affordability. An art material has to be within the financial capacity of the artist to be purchased or bought. The artist
can bear or meet the expense of acquiring the needed art material. Though a cheap good quality art material is good but an
art material acquired for free is still the best.

Critiquing Appropriate Art Technique

Art Technique is the manner and ability by which an artist employs the technical skills of a particular art. It is the
means, process or methods of using art materials in a manner that the artist wants to use in order to create an artwork. It is
also important to assess art technique that is going to be used in creating an artwork. Some of the considerations in
critiquing the appropriate art technique are appropriateness, mastery and practicality.
Appropriateness. The manner by which the artist is going to apply in creating an artwork should be suited to the kind of
art materials that will be used as well as suited to the kind of art technique.
Mastery. It is expected that the artist is skilled and highly knowledgeable of the art technique. The right art materials are
there and the suited art technique is appropriate to the art form but if the artist is not adept with the use of the specific
technique to be applied, the outcome might run contrary to what is expected.
Practicality. Art technique should be functional and sensible for the objectives or purpose set by the artist for the creation
of the artwork. Practicality makes the art technique truly appropriate when it is indeed useful for the artist and when it is
understandably fit for the kind of art materials and for the conceived artwork.
 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGION
QUARTER 4 Senior High School
WEEK 3

Lesson: Artistic Skills and Techniques

What Is It
ARTISTIC SKILLS
With the broadening of the art
world, many people are getting confused
about what qualifies as
an artistic skill. Artistic skills are
abilities that are possessed by artists
who operate within a fine art
capacity.
Each artist uses different mediums to
develop their artistic skills. A medium is
defined as the
material, or the substance out of which a
work is made. Through these materials,
the artists express and
communicate feelings and ideas.
The medium also defines the nature of
the art form as follows:
1. The sculptor uses metal, wood,
stone, clay, and glass. Sculptures fall
within the category
of “three-dimensional” arts because they
occupy space and have volume.
Pottery is a form of sculpture. Other
examples are nudes or figures such
as Guillermo
Tolentino’s Oblation, ritual objects such
as bulul wood carvings in the cordillera,
or the santos
or carvings of saints in Christian
churches.
2. The architect uses wood, bamboo,
bricks, stone, concrete and various
building materials.
Buildings are also called “three-
dimensional”. However, architecture has
the added element
of time since we move into structures.
3. The painter uses pigments (e. g.
watercolor, oil, tempera, textile paint,
acrylic, ink, etc.) on
a usually flat ground (wood, canvas,
paper, stone wall such as cave
paintings.)
4. The printmaker uses ink printed or
transferred on a surface (wood, metal
plates, or silk
screen) that is keeping with a
duplicating or reproducing process.
Prints and paintings are
further classified as “two-dimensional”
arts, because they include the surface or
ground on
which coloring substances are applied.
However, while paintings are unique
and one-of-a
kind, prints can be reproduced in several
pre-determined editions.
5. The musician uses sound and
instruments (including human voice),
while the dancers use
the body. A T’boli chanter sings
creation stories in a way that is different
from a classical
singer or pop music influenced by the
Western music scale.
6. The dancer uses he body and its
movement. Dance is often accompanied
by music, but
there are dances that do not rely on
musical accompaniment to be realized.
Dance can tell
stories, but the other times, they convey
abstract ideas that do not rely on a
narrative.
7. The theater artist integrates all the
arts and uses the stage, production
design, performance
elements, and script to enable the visual,
musical, dance and other aspects to
come together
as a whole work.
8. The photographer and filmmaker
use the camera to record the outside
world. The
filmmaker uses the cinematographic
camera to record and put together
production design,
sound engineering, performance, and
screenplay. In digital photography and
film, the images
can be assimilated into the computer,
thus eliminating the need for celluloid or
negatives,
processing chemicals, or print.
9. The writer of a novel, poetry,
nonfiction, and fiction uses words.
The designer, the
performance artist and installation artist
combine use of the range or materials
above.
It ARTISTIC SKILLS With the broadening of the art world, many people are getting confused about what
qualifies as an artistic skill. Artistic skills are abilities that are possessed by artists who operate within a fine art
capacity.
Each artist uses different mediums to develop their artistic skills. A medium is defined as the material, or the
substance out of which a work is made. Through these materials, the artists express and communicate feelings and ideas.
The medium also defines the nature of the art form as follows:
1. The sculptor uses metal, wood, stone, clay, and 5. The musician uses sound and instruments
glass. Sculptures fall within the category of “three- (including human voice), while the dancers use the body. A
dimensional” arts because they occupy space and have T’boli chanter sings creation stories in a way that is
volume. Pottery is a form of sculpture. Other examples different from a classical singer or pop music influenced by
are nudes or figures such as Guillermo Tolentino’s the Western music scale.
Oblation, ritual objects such as bulul wood carvings in the
6. The dancer uses he body and its movement.
cordillera, or the santos or carvings of saints in Christian
Dance is often accompanied by music, but there are dances
churches.
that do not rely on musical accompaniment to be realized.
2. The architect uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, Dance can tell stories, but the other times, they convey
concrete and various building materials. Buildings are also abstract ideas that do not rely on a narrative.
called “three-dimensional”. However, architecture has the
7. The theater artist integrates all the arts and uses
added element of time since we move into structures.
the stage, production design, performance elements, and
3. The painter uses pigments (e. g. watercolor, oil, script to enable the visual, musical, dance and other aspects
tempera, textile paint, acrylic, ink, etc.) on a usually flat to come together as a whole work.
ground (wood, canvas, paper, stone wall such as cave
8. The photographer and filmmaker use the
paintings.)
camera to record the outside world. The filmmaker uses
4. The printmaker uses ink printed or the cinematographic camera to record and put together
transferred on a surface (wood, metal plates, or silk production design, sound engineering, performance, and
screen) that is keeping with a duplicating or reproducing screenplay. In digital photography and film, the images can
process. Prints and paintings are further classified as “two- be assimilated into the computer, thus eliminating the need
dimensional” arts, because they include the surface or for celluloid or negatives, processing chemicals, or print.
ground on which coloring substances are applied. However,
9. The writer of a novel, poetry, nonfiction, and
while paintings are unique and one-of-a kind, prints can be
fiction uses words. The designer, the performance artist
reproduced in several pre-determined editions.
and installation artist combine use of the range or materials
above.
TECHNIQUE
Technique is the way artists use and manipulate materials to achieve the desired formal effect, and communicate
the desired concept, or meaning, according to his or her personal style (modern, Neoclassic, etc.). The distinctive
character or nature of the medium determines the technique.
Technique involves tools and technology, ranging from most traditional (for example carving, silkscreen, analog
photography, and filmmaking) to the most contemporary (digital photography, digital filmmaking, music production,
industrial design, and robotics). Here are some of art techniques used by artists.
1. Collage – is the technique of an art French word “Decollage” in English means “Take-
production used in the visual arts where the artwork is off” or “To become Unglued” or “To become
made from on assemblage of different forms, thus unstuck”. Example of decollage include cut-up
creating a new whole. Collage may sometimes technique. Similar technique is the lacerated poster, a
include magazines and newspaper clippings, ribbons, poster in which one has been over another.
paints, bits of colored or handmade papers, portions
3. Graffiti – are writing or drawings that have
of other artwork or texts, photographs, and other found
been scribed, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or
objects, glued to a piece of paper or canvas.
other surface, often in a public space. Graffiti range from
2. Decollage – is the opposite of collage; instead simple written words to elaborate wall paintings. Graffiti
of an image is being built up all or parts of existing may express underlying social and political messages,
images, it is created by cutting, treating away or and a whole genre of artistic expression is based spray
otherwise removing pieces of an original image. The paint graffiti styles.
 . Land Art – earth works, or earth arts is an art
movement in which landscape and the work of art are
inextricably linked. It is also an art form that is created
in nature, using natural materials such as soil, rock (bed
rock, bolders, stones), organic media (logs, branches,
leaves), and water which introduced materials such as
concrete, metal asphalt, or mineral pigments.
5. Digital Arts – is an artistic work or practice
that uses digital technology as an essential part of the
creative or presentation process. Digital art is work made
with digital technology or presented on digital
technology. This includes images done completely on
computer or hand-drawn images scanned into a
computer and finished using a software program like
Adobe Illustrator. Digital art can also involve animation
and 3D virtual sculpture renderings as well as projects
that combine several technologies. Some digital art
involves manipulation of video images. After some
resistance, the impact of digital technology has
transformed activities such as paintings, drawing,
sculpture, and music/sound art, while new form such as
net art.
6. Mixed Media – It refers to a work of visual
art that combines various traditionally distinct visual art.
For example, work on canvas that combines paint, ink
and collage. When creating a painted or photograph
work using mixed media, it is important to choose the
layers carefully and allow enough dying time between
the layers to ensure the final work will have structural
integrity, if many different layers are imposed. Many
effects can be achieved by using mixed media. Found
objects can be used in conjunction with the
traditional artist to attain a wide range of self-
expression.
7. Print Making – is the process of making
artworks by painting, normally in the paper. Prints are
created by transforming ink from a matrix ink from a
matrix or through a prepared screen to a sheet of paper
Activity
EGGSHELL MOSAIC MAKING
Create a contemporary art using eggshell mosaic art technique. Gather the materials you need and follow the steps
in collage making.
Materials you need:
• 1 Oslo paper or Used folders
Eggshells (cleaned and dried)
• Glue
Marker How to Make:
Step 1. Decide on a theme or idea for your collage (example ideas: landscapes, flowers, event, etc.). Sketch it first on your
Oslo paper using a pencil.
Step 2. Using the marker, outline your sketch.
Step 3. Take your eggshells and break them into small pieces. Arrange the eggshells onto the paper. Make sure you do not
cover the outline of your sketch.
Step 4. If you are satisfied with the arrangement of the eggshells, carefully glue the pieces of eggshells together. Let it dry.
or other material. Common types of matrices include
metal plates, usually copper or zinc, or polymer plates
for engraving or etching; stone aluminum of polymer for
lithography; blocks of wood crafts and wood
graving; and linoleum for linocuts. Screen made of
silk or synthetic fabrics are used for the screen-printing
process.
8. Frottage – is the technique of rubbing with
crayon on a piece of paper which has been placed over
an object or an image. The impression of the image can
be created using leaves, woods, wire screen, or metal
with embossed image or words.
9. Decalcomania – is the process of applying
gouache to paper or glass then transferring a reversal of
the image onto canvas or other flat materials.
10. Decoupage – is done by adhering cut-
outs of paper and then coating these with one or
transparent coating of varnish.
11. Eggshell mosaic - is an artistic technique
that uses tiny parts of eggshell to create a whole image
or object. Mosaics are usually assembled using small
tiles that are square, but they can also be round or
randomly shaped.
12. Trapunto painting – is the technique used
by Pacita Abad where her canvases are padded, sewn,
and often filled with sequins, beads, shell, buttons,
tiny mirrors, bits of glass, rickrack, swatches of precious
textiles and other things that she picks up from her
travels and journey.
Art is considered an “artifact’ when it is directly
experienced and perceived. It can be spatial and static or
unmoving (e.g., a painting or building, or a novel) or
time based and in motion (e.g., a live theater production,
mobile sculpture). To know the full meaning of a work,
it is also necessary to study the material from which it is
made and how it is made
• Watercolor/ acrylic paint/ dye/ other coloring materials
• Pencil
Step 5. Add accent pieces using the coloring material. Using watercolor, acrylic paint, dye or other coloring
materials, color the eggshells according to your taste and creativity