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5 - Pelton Turbine
5 - Pelton Turbine
turbines
When to use a Pelton
turbine
Energy conversion in a
Pelton turbine
c2
2
Main dimensions for the
Pelton runner
The ideal Pelton runner
Absolute velocity from nozzle:
c1
c1 = 2 ⋅ g ⋅ H n c1 = =1
2 ⋅ g ⋅ Hn
Circumferential speed:
c1u 1
u1 = = ⋅ 2 ⋅ g ⋅ Hn u 1 = 0 .5
2 2
Euler`s turbine equation:
ηh = 2(u1 ⋅ c1u − u 2 ⋅ c 2 u )
c1u = 1 cu 2 = 0
ηh = 0.96
ηh = 2(u1 ⋅ c1u − u 2 ⋅ c 2 u )
⇓
ηn 0,96
u1 = = = 0,48
2 ⋅ c1u 2 ⋅1,0
From continuity equation:
π ⋅ d s2
Q = z⋅ ⋅ c1u
4
⇓
4⋅Q
ds =
z ⋅ π ⋅ c1u
Where:
Z = number of nozzles
Q = flow rate
C1u = 2 ⋅ g ⋅ Hn
The size of the bucket
and number of nozzles
B
3.1 > ≥ 3.4
ds
Rules of thumb:
B = 3,1 · ds 1 nozzle
B = 3,2 · ds 2 nozzles
B = 3,3 · ds 4-5 nozzles
B > 3,3 · ds 6 nozzles
Number of buckets
z ≥ 17 empirical
Number of buckets
Runner diameter
Rules of thumb:
D = 10 · ds Hn < 500 m
D = 15 · ds Hn = 1300 m
1 π ⋅ d s2 ⋅ z
Ω = ω⋅ Q ⋅ z = ⋅
D 4
ds π⋅z
Ω=
D 4
For the diameter: D = 10 · ds
and one nozzle: z=1
ds π ⋅ z 1 π ⋅1
Ω= = = 0,09
D 4 10 4
The maximum speed number for a Pelton
turbine with one nozzle is Ω = 0,09
ds π⋅z 1 π⋅6
Ω= = = 0,22
D 4 10 4
The maximum speed number for a Pelton
turbine today is Ω = 0,22
Dimensioning of a
Pelton turbine
1. The flow rate and head are given
*H = 1130 m
*Q = 28,5 m3/s
*P = 288 MW
4⋅Q
ds = = 0,22 m
z ⋅ π ⋅ c1u
5. Choose the bucket width
B = 3,3 · ds= 0,73 m
6. Find the diameter by interpolation
D
= 0,005 ⋅ H n + 8 = 13,65
ds
⇓
D = 13,65 ⋅ d s = 3,0 m
D/ds
15
10
3000
Zp = = 6,64 = 7
n
9. Recalculate the speed:
3000
n= = 428,6 [rpm]
Zp
z = 22
12. Diameter of the turbine housing (for vertical turbines)
D Hou sin g = D + K ⋅ B = 9,4 m
K
9
1 4 6 z
13. Calculate the height from the runner to the water level
at the outlet (for vertical turbines)
Height ≈ 3.5 ⋅ B ≈ D = 3,1 m
Given values: Chosen values: Calculated values:
*Q = 28,5 m3/s c1u = 1 ds = 0,22 m
*H = 1130 m u1 = 0,48 n = 428,6 rpm
z=5 D = 3, 16 m
B = 0,73 m Height = 3,1 m
z = 22 Dhousing= 9,4 m
Zp = 7 *P = 288 MW
*Q = 28,5 m3/s
*H = 1130 m
*P = 288 MW
GE Hydro
Jostedal, Sogn og Fjordane
*Q = 28,5 m3/s
*H = 1130 m
*P = 288 MW
GE Hydro
Jostedal, Sogn og Fjordane
Example
Khimti Power Plant
1. The flow rate and head are given
*H = 660 m
*Q = 2,15 m3/s
*P = 12 MW
4⋅Q
ds = = 0,15 m
z ⋅ π ⋅ c1u
10
3000
Zp = = 4,9 = 5
n
9. Recalculate the speed:
3000
n= = 600 [rpm]
Zp
D 2⋅Π ⋅n D u1 ⋅ 60
u1 = ω ⋅ = ⋅ ⇒ D= = 1,74 m
2 60 2 Π⋅n
z = 22