Drilling Jar

Presentation
 National Oilwell Varco
Drilling Jars

•Bowen® PowerStroke D/A Hydraulic Drilling Jar

•Griffith® Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar
•Griffith® D/A Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar
 Other Brand
Drilling Jars

•Smith/H.E. Hydra-Jar® D/A Hydraulic Drilling Jar

•Weatherford Dailey® D/A Hydraulic Drilling Jar
•Cougar DJ-4/DJ-6 Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar
•Cougar DJ-10 D/A Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar
•Wenzel Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar
Jar Theory

Jar Definition
A Jar is a mechanical device used downhole
to deliver an impact to the stuck point by
releasing energy stored in a stretched drill
string.
How Does A Mechanical Drilling Jar Work?

Overpull applied Mass accelerates

upward

impact

Locked or “cocked” Acceleration

position
How Does A
Hydraulic Jar
Work? Simplified Hydraulic Up-Jar

Anvil

Hammer
Freestroke

Detent
How Does A Hydraulic Jar Work?
Overpull
Jarring Up:
• The drill string is raised from the
surface.
• The detent holds the jar hammer in
place and causes the drill pipe above
the BHA to stretch.
• Energy is stored in the stretched drill
pipe.
How Does A Hydraulic Jar Work?

Jarring Up:
• The detent releases and the stretched
drill pipe snaps upward, accelerating
the jar hammer.
• The hammer travels the distance of
the freestroke, hits the anvil, and
sends an uplifting force down to stuck
spot.
Why Use a Drilling
Jar?

• To minimize lost time should drill string sticking occur.

• The Jar is already in the hole to allow immediate jarring

to begin.
• The sticking force increases with time.
• Reduces the risk of having to perform back-off & fishing
operations.
Drilling Jars

PowerStroke – Double-Acting Hydraulic

Hydraulic / Mechanical

Double-Acting Hydraulic / Mechanical

Bowen® PowerStroke D/A
Hydraulic Drilling Jar
Bowen PowerStroke D/A Hydraulic Drilling Jar

Primary sizes:
OD 3 1/8” 3 3/8” 4 ¾” 6 ¼” – 6 ½” 6 ¾ - 7” 7 ¾” – 8” 9 ½”
ID 1 ¼” 1 ½” 2 ¼” 2 ¾” 2 ¾” 3 1/16” 3 1/16”

• Hydraulic up and down

• Up and down jar loads are infinitely variable downhole
• Each tool has a Flex Sub with an integral elevator lift area
• Flex Sub and Bottom Sub may be changed to accommodate
different connections
• Each tool is approximately 30 feet long to match collars
PowerStroke

Flex Sub Floater Section

Timing Chamber
Spline Section Bottom Sub
PowerStroke (Cone Assembly)
Hydraulic Delay
(Typical Bowen Type Timing Mechanism)
Cone Pressure Body

Seal Body Mandrel

Hydraulic Delay
(Typical Bowen Type Timing Mechanism)

Represents fluid flow

Hydraulic Delay
(Typical Bowen Type Timing Mechanism)

Represents fluid flow

Hydraulic Delay
(Typical Bowen Type Timing Mechanism)

Represents fluid flow

PowerStroke (Traditional Safety Collar)

Safety Collar – Clamps onto

exposed Mandrel to hold Jar in open
position while racked back in derrick.
It must support the weight of at least
2 Drill Collars above the tool.
Griffith® Hydraulic/Mechanical
Drilling Jar
Griffith® Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar
Combines features of hydraulic and mechanical
Jars into one tool.
Hydraulic Delay:
• allows jarring force to be varied downhole by changing amount of
overpull.
• allows brake to be applied to protect hoisting equipment.

Mechanical Latch:
• locks jar in neutral or “cocked” position.
• prevents unintentional firing while tripping in or out of the hole.
• no safety collar or special procedures required on rig floor.
• May be placed in the “neutral point” range without concern of the
tool firing.
 Griffith® Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar
Fully Sealed and Oil Bath
Lubricated to prevent wear.
Splined Chamber
independently sealed
and lubricated
Hydraulic Chamber
independently sealed
to prevent contamination
from spline and latch
chambers
Latch Chamber
independently sealed
and lubricated
Latch allows jar to be used in high
drag or directional wells.
Splined Mandrel
large diameter for max stiffness
Knocker
jarring forces are not transmitted
though internal threads
Pressure Seals
designed for long service
Special Metering Device
compensates for viscosity change to
maintain consistent delay timing
Hydrostatically balanced.
Balancing Piston
allows for thermal expansion of
lubricant
Safety Nut
will remove all parts of jar from hole if
connection accidentally backs off
 Griffith® Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar
Special Metering Device - Visco Jet
„ originally designed for the aerospace industry

„ compensates for fluid viscosity change, allowing relatively constant flow through meter.

„ Made up of complex fluid passageways in which the fluid is caused to “shear” or come to
rest before exiting.

Fluid enters chamber ...and leaves chamber spinning in

spinning in one direction... opposite direction
Common Spring Elements and Limitations
Belleville® Disk Springs

100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
Load (lbs)
20,000

0 1 2 3
Deflection (in)
H/M Drilling
Jar Latch
Operation
(Up)
H/M Drilling
Jar Latch
Operation
(Down)
 Special Metering Device
•Compensates for viscosity change
to maintain consistent delay time

Pressure Seals
•Designed for long service

Hydraulic Chamber (Neutral Position)

•Independently sealed to prevent contamination
 Latch Balancing Piston
•Allows jar to be used in high •Allows thermal
drag or directional wells expansion of lubricant

Safety Nut
•Will remove all parts from hole of
connection accidentally backs off

Latch Chamber (Neutral Position)

•Independently sealed and lubricated
Pull Force Applied (Below the Latch Setting)
Pull Force Applied (Above the Latch Setting)
Hydraulic Delay – Hydraulic Fluid Metering Through ViscoJet™
Hydraulic Bypass – Hydraulic Fluid Bypasses Around the Valve
 Impact on Knocker Mandrel &
Tool Accelerates Upwards and Impacts
Housing Splines
Reset Bypass – Hydraulic Fluid Bypasses Under the Valve
Return to Neutral Position – Latches Re-engage
Push Force Applied (Above the Latch Setting)
 Impact on Splined Mandrel &
Tool Accelerates Downwards and
Upper SealImpacts
Housing
Drilling Jars

Double-Acting Hydraulic / Mechanical

„ Hydraulic Up and Down Jar with a Mechanical Latch between
sequences.
„ Mechanical Latch eliminates additional operational procedures
when tripping, making connections, or tagging.
„ The Jar may be placed in the drillstring “Neutral Point”; as well
as, in tension or compression.
„ Ideal for directional and extended reach horizontal drilling
programs.
„ A Hydraulic Jar without need for surface handling equipment.

Size Range Sizes are in inches

4-3/4 6-1/2 6-3/4 7 7-1/8 8 9-1/2

• The Double Acting Hydro-
mechanical Jar incorporates a
2nd hydraulic metering piston in
the down direction.
• Once the down latch releases, it
enters the hydraulic detent.
Drilling Jar
Intensifier
 Jar Intensifier
Overpull
• Improves performance of jar
• Uses an internal spring-like
mechanism that compresses when a
load is applied to it
• Energy stored in intensifier in addition
to the stretched drill pipe
• When jar trips, stored energy is
transferred from the intensifier to the
moving weight between the jar and the
intensifier
 Jar Intensifier
Overpull
• Improves performance of jar
• Uses an internal spring-like mechanism
that compresses when a load is applied
to it
• Energy stored in intensifier in addition to
the stretched drill pipe
• When jar trips, stored energy is
transferred from the intensifier to the
moving weight between the jar and the
intensifier
When to use a Jar Intensifier:

„ Jarring near the surface

(Simulates pipe stretch)

„ Jarring in a hole with a large amount of drag

(Stores energy near weight above Jar)

„ Any time a harder blow is desired than with only

drill pipe
(Reflection point for stress wave)
Jar Intensifiers

Mechanical Springs

Hydraulic Intensifiers
use compressible
silicone fluid as spring.
D/A Hydraulic
Drilling Intensifiers
D/A Hydraulic Drilling Intensifiers

Upper Piston
D/A Hydraulic Drilling Intensifiers
Lower Piston
Jar Problems /
Solutions
„ Topics for class discussion:
„ Jar does not fire UP.
„ Jar does not fire DOWN.
„ Jar stops firing.
„ Jar is “Bumper Subbing”.
„ Firing time too fast or too slow.
„ PowerStroke comes out of hole in closed position.
„ Griffith H/M Jar comes out of hole in open position.
„ Intensifier comes out of hole fully open
 Drilling Jar
Placement Program
Jar Placement
Program
Purpose:
„ Find a jarring assembly that optimizes both impact
and impulse.
„ Impact – Force delivered to the stuck spot. The impact value must exceed
the sticking force for the fish to move!

„ Impulse – Force multiplied by the length of time the force lasts. The
higher the impulse value, the more the fish will move with each impact.
Jar Placement
Question:
„ What is the difference between a Fishing Jar
placement and a Drilling Jar placement?
Answer:
„ Fishing BHA’s are designed for optimum impacts
and impulses to help free the fish.
„ Drilling BHA’s are designed for optimum drilling
performance and the Jars are just used for backup.
Jars are placed in an existing BHA to maximize
performance.
 General Impact and Impulse Guidelines

„ Fewer collars/heavyweight increase the impact.

Less weight will have a higher velocity at impact.
(Think of swinging a small hammer.)

„ More collars/heavyweight increase the impulse.

More weight will have less velocity at impact, but more
momentum.
(Think of swinging a large sledge hammer.)
 Jar Placement
General Placement Guidelines:
„ Unless the tool has a latch, the neutral point range should be avoided.
„ If the tool has a latch, the load on the tool should not exceed 50% of the latch
settings during normal drilling operations or while pulling out of the hole.
„ Do not place the tool at a section change or between two collars of different
diameters.
„ Do not place tools of larger diameter above Jar. (Ex: Stabilizers, Reamers, etc.)
„ A minimum of 2 collars should be placed between the Jar and the top stabilizer.
„ Place a minimum of 2 collars or an equivalent amount of HW drill pipe above Jar.
„ If mechanical sticking is suspected low in the BHA, the tool may be placed low in
the BHA.
„ If differential sticking is suspected, the tool should be placed relatively high in the
BHA to prevent the BHA from sticking above the Jar.
Stress Wave Theory

„ Elastic steel rod modeled as

a group of small masses
connected by springs
„ Forces transmitted along rod
in wave form
„ Wave travels at speed of
sound in steel.
Stress Wave Theory

Speed of wave in steel = 16,800 ft/sec (11,450 mph)

Jar Placement Program
Operation:
„ The program calculates Impact & Impulse results
for the data that you enter.
„ Information Required:
1) BHA configuration
2) Hole configuration
3) Anticipated type of sticking
4) Anticipated location of stuck spot
5) Miscellaneous data (mud weight, friction factor, etc.)
Jar Placement Program
Features:
„ Tracks all sections in BHA

„ Calculates effects of hole angle, hole curvature,

and frictional drag
„ Inputs easily changed

„ Stress wave analysis models jarring events

National Oilwell Varco Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Jar Placement Program
Questions & Answers