THE PHILIPPINE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY

GRADUATE SCHOOL PROGRAM

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Submitted to the Graduate Studies Committee on the

Written Comprehensive Examination

(WCE) School of Hospitality Management

Submitted by:

HAZELINE ABELLERA LAOYAN

MSHM Student

November 2022

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ANNOTATED BIBILIOGRAPHY PAGE
COVER PAGE 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
1- Aquatic Event(S) In The Cultural And Nautical 3
Diversity Of A Destination
2- Dubai To Host Mega Tourism Event In September 4
To Explore Ways To Drive Growth For The Sector

3- Estimating The Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts 5

Of Hosting Large-Scale Sport Tourism Events

4- Event - Mice Travel Show: A Roaring Success 6

5- Event Management Systems 7
6- Event Tourism As A Promising Area Of Social 8
And Economic Development Of The Rostov
Region

7- Events Management As A Community Of Practice 9

8- Factors Influencing MICE Destination 10

Revisit Intentions: A Literature
Review
9- How Important Are Mice To The Tourism 11
Economy?
10- Impact Of The Events Sector On The Economy 12
Case Study Of Poland
11- MICE Tourism During Covid-19 And Future 13
Directions For The New Normal
12- Potentials And Opportunities For The Development 14
Of Tourist Events In Gorski Kotar
13- Public-Private-People PARTNERSHIP (P4) FOR 15
EVENT TOURISM MANAGEMENT PURPOSES

14- The Importance Of Voluntarism For Sustainable 16

Development Of Event Tourism
15- The Service Semiotics Of Luxury Events: An 17
Exploration For Future Research And Events
Management Industry Practice

2
Lopes, E., & Fernandes, M. (2022). Aquatic Event(S) in the Cultural and Nautical
Diversity of a Destination. Academic Conferences International Limited.

Some Countries used events to promote their territories and the development of their

tourism industry. One of the tourist activity attraction in the central region of Portugal is the

wakeboard event that is connected with their promotable rive – Zezere river. According to the

article nautical tourism is characterized by tourists who relate to water, whether by sea or

river that provides leisure activities. Aside from the nautical tourism, the cultural diversity of

the territory can also contribute in the preservation of the heritage image of the place. The

objective of this paper is to understand the impacts of the wakeboard open day’s event. The

data collection was taken during the months of June and July, 2021.

From the result of the study, events can offer the opportunity for tourist to get to know

the local culture and lifestyle of the places where they are held. Thus, the preservation of

cultural heritage in tourist destination is also important as well as the traditional techniques in

organizing events. These promotional events can introduce the undiscovered tourist

destinations in countries, however, preservation of these scenes is also vital for the future of

tourism industry.

3
One, C. D. (2022, Aug 01). Dubai to host mega tourism event in September to explore
ways to drive growth for the
sector. Arabianbusiness.Com https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/dubai-host-mega-
tourism-event-september-explore/docview/2697021408/se-2

For the growth of their tourism sector, Dubai will host a mega tourism event – MENA

attractions and destinations Forum 2022. This event aims to support countries in strategizing

and implementing the new plans for reopening their existing destinations and attractions. It

will also focus on developing and rebranding destinations with diverse population and with

new attractions. The viewers will learn about different heritage site developments and

museums and ways on innovating theme parks and water parks. Speakers from world tourism

association, tourism ministries, cultural ministries and project developers will be invited to

share their insights about ecotourism and sustainable development projects. The event was

held on September 28 – 29, 2022 and was hosted by international and regional stakeholders,

including governments and other important agencies, organizations and businesses.

Hosting this mega event is one way to promote tourists destinations of the venue or

the countries being represented by the speakers and the participants. This is also an

opportunity for the authorities of tourism industry to meet and synergize their ideas on how to

sustain all the beautiful natural resources of each places.

4
Perić, M. (2018). Estimating the perceived socio-economic impacts of hosting large-scale
sport tourism events. Social Sciences, 7(10), 176.

Tourism industry includes sport tourism, it gathers both active and passive

participants. Sports tourism can increase the economy of tourism by attracting the

competitors, officials and spectators to spend before, during and after the event. There is also

an indirect result of sports hosting sports events such as the enhancements of the image of the

destination or the venue of the competition. Hosting an organize small-scale events can lessen

the negative effects of the tourism but large scale events like the Olympics and other

international sport competitions can largely produce a negative effect. Some negative effects

were mentioned in the article, these undesirable effects are traffic problem, security risks,

crime, increased conflicts between visitors and residents, and excessive spending on the event

and new establishments can cause environmental damage to the host community. Despite of

these negative effects hosting a large- scale sport is still beneficial in promoting the image of

any host country and exercising the socio-cultural of different citizenships. Moreover, this

large event can unite the locals of the venue to work together in maintaining the orderliness

and cleanliness of their area.

5
Jain, H. (2022). Event - M!CE Travel Show: A Roaring Success. MICE
Talk, https://www.proquest.com/trade-journals/event-m-ce-travel-show-roaring-
success/docview/2680571087/se-2

Prune was the venue of the two-day MICE travel show 2022. The objective of this

event is to stimulate market by fostering synergies between corporate buyers and sellers of

travel products and services. A panel discussion about sustainable business travel also

happened in this event. The panellists came up with the reduction of carbon emissions while

traveling and the involved organizations or business should plan ways to corporate this on

their daily operations. It was mentioned in the article that the pandemic gave an opportunity

to businesses and even to the people to think about the protection and sustainability of the

environment. Because of this realization a lot of big hotels or hotel chains opted to become

eco-certified green hotels, which is now being a necessity in the industry.

Panel discussions can result to solutions of identified treats and challenges of

industry. Every person in the panel discussions can share the strengths and weaknesses of

their tourism markets so that everyone can learn from one another.

6
Mocean, L., & Vlad, M. P. (2022). EVENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. Quaestus, (21),
97-106. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/event-management-
systems/docview/2715142524/se-2

The study aims to study an II system designed to provide support the event planning

and conference room management, so that the management will be able to keep accurate

records of events. The objectives of this system are mentioned in the paper. It aims to develop

a conference room management system, where meeting and scheduling will be planned;

inclusion of conference room with editing rooms; and the easy viewing of the occupied

conference rooms and the participants in each meeting. The reason why the system was

developed was because of the need for efficient management of conference rooms and good

meeting planning, the appearance of human errors, the need for process optimization, the

need for automation, resource saving and lack of an overview. The guidelines of the whole

system is important to learn and understand, so that the user will appreciate the objectives of

the system.

Therefore, this system is a good partner in organizing an event especially meetings,

conferences, trainings and even intimate family events. It can monitor the usage and

availability of each conference rooms and lessen the confusion in reserving the rooms. The

industry should learn this system to ease the work of employees and business owners.

7
Ekinil, G., Petrenko, A., & Dudkina, O. (2021). Event tourism as a promising area of
social and economic development of the Rostov region. EDP Sciences.
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127309011

Russian Federation considered tourism as one of their favourable area of modern

economy. Russia offers various event tours, however, because of their scale and amount of

funding, they are on the lower level in competing countries and the tourist flows are not being

assessed. The purpose of the paper is to study the impact of events on the development of

regional tourism in the Rostov region. In this region they are developing more tourism

attractions and events such as the festival “Donskaya Vine”. They use festivals to gather the

attention of tourists not only from their region but also from other countries. Event tourism

can develop unique tourist resources and solve the economic crisis. Unique natural

phenomenon such as the flowering of tulips ranked one as the most popular interesting event

in Russia. However, the result of the study also showed that the reason why people visit

Russia is not because of the festivals but also the experience of becoming a participant in the

event.

For the tourist destination to be promoted internationally, a professional way of

promotion is important, vital information should be presented so that the people will be

informed of the objectives of the event and they will expect more about the activities. Event

tourism can unite people, not only the tourists but also the local people of an area. It can

motivate communication and understanding among the participants and organizers of the

events.

8
Brown, T., & Stokes, P. (2021). Events management as a community of practice. [Events
management as a community of practice] Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
Insights, 4(2), 224-242. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-09-2020-0157

Events management was rapidly developed and emerged in the tourism, hospitality,

marketing and leisure. Planning, management, delivery of services and evaluation was also

enhanced through the rapid development of events, however, best practices should also be

ensured in every events. A strong social bond is needed in events, this bond is called the

communities of practice, and this is when the community such as social groups or

organizations learn, share and developed knowledge to improve something. Communities,

practice and domain are the three core foundations of this framework. One of the negative

effect of communities of practice is the insular environment, where new members cannot

understand the idea of the first members and they are sometimes being ignored. The result of

the study showed that more people are pursuing event professional related degree.

Participation is needed in community events. Meetings, conferences, education and

festivals unite the event and the community in planning an effective events. Moreover,

education is important to advance the knowledge and skills of an aspiring events coordinator.

9
Ramadan, A., & Kasim, A. (2022). Factors influencing MICE destination revisit
intentions: A literature review. Turyzm, 32(1), 185-217.

Meeting, Incentive, Convention and Events (MICE) is earning two or four times more

income than the other tourism sector. Despite of the high income of MICE other

underdeveloped countries cannot market their place as MICE destination. Revisit of tourists

should be considered in planning the promotion of tourist destinations. Planning the venue of

MICE is important so that the participants would love to visit the place again. This article

aims to propose a framework for understanding the factors influencing MICE destination

revisit intentions. Choosing the best destination can motivate the visitor to revisit the same

destination and willingness to recommend it to other people. According to the article,

destination image plays considerable role in influencing visitors’ decisions to attend future

events. Many opportunities such as networking opportunities, and educational opportunities

can attract the visitors to revisit the place. There are also pulling forces like travel costs,

attraction, and accessibility can contribute in the decision of the visitors.

MICE is an opportunity to many places to promote their tourist attractions. But, the

maintenance of the area is also important. Also, the sustainability of the environment can help

the preservation of the destination.

10
Spencer, J. P., & Bavuma, Z. (2018). How important are mice to the tourism
economy?. The Business & Management Review, 9(4), 125-134.

Tourism is an activity that allows people to travel and learn the different cultures of

different places. Tourism also contributes to the increase of national revenue and creates jobs

to people. Events is one way to attract tourism in one place, it can market company, brand

and even services. According to the article, events are seen as fast growing form of leisure,

business and tourism-related activities. For the purpose of sharing information, business

events took place, these events are also known as MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions

and exhibitions). Social events are important in human society because of public display and

celebrations of intimate events. MICE is important in tourism economy because it can

promote some tourist destinations. After the meeting in international venue, the participants

can have their own time in visiting these destinations. Incentives can also endorse tourism

through the memories being experience and shared by the employees. International

conventions can contribute in the promotion of tourist destination by giving time to attendees

to have day or night tour around the place. Lastly, exhibitions can encourage promotion of

attractive products and services that tourists wants to experience.

11
Celuch, K. (2018). Impact of the events sector on the economy case study of
Poland. Ekonomiczne Problemy Turystyki, 44, 69-81.

A gathering of several or many people at the same time in order to discuss, exchange

views ad experience, debate, present products, share knowledgeable ideas and to learn and

motivate is called meeting. The researcher wants to evaluate the economic impact of the

meetings and events industry at a national level. It was mentioned in the paper that involved

products by the delegates and organizers are not related to tourism. The data was collected

from the participants, venue administrators and organisers of meetings and events held in

Polish in 2015 and 2016. The entire research was implemented in twenty (20) months.

The meeting sector or industry of Poland has been developed and it resulted to

organisation of various types of events in cooperation with event agencies, incentive travel

agencies and other organizers. There are many venues in Poland that can be used as venue for

various events and festivals, organisers can also help the country in planning memorable

happenings and protecting the beauty of the place. Events can increase the economy of any

country who invest in organizing different occasions in promoting the beauty of their place.

12
Disimulacion, M. A. T. (2020). MICE tourism during Covid-19 and future directions for
the new normal. Asia Pacific International Events Management Journal, 1(2), 11-17.

Leisure travel and MICE is different with each other. The Meetings, Incentives,

Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) is for individuals and organizations that aims to

promote networking, leading a generation, volume sales and the sharing of knowledge and

skills. While leisure travel is recreational activities like shopping, vacations and visit to love

ones. However, the pandemic greatly affected these sectors of tourism and hospitality

industry. Many events and travel plans was cancelled because of the pandemic. Some

organizers relocated their events and tried to adapt the online platforms for meetings,

seminars and even trainings. Tourism agencies also adapt the advantage of technology and

they tried the virtual tour of different attractions. Using these technology helped the MICE to

connect with more audiences in different places. The pandemic opened the opportunity to

high tech era to be part of the tourism and hospitality industry; it gave the hoteliers and

restaurateurs to use technology to bring their products and services closer to the guests or

customers. But even with the comfort and advantages brought by this platform it cannot

replace the personal experience of the guests/customers during the face-to-face interactions.

13
Rudancic, A. (2022). Potentials And Opportunities For The Development Of Tourist
Events In Gorski Kotar. Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency (VADEA).

As part of economic growth governments are now supporting and promoting events as

their strategy for nation-building and destination marketing. It is necessary to create a unique

event to entice the people to visit the place. It is true that tourist events promote the place,

culture and increased market income but it is also imperative to provide tourists with

memorable or unforgettable experience and they should be satisfied of their experience. An

unforgettable experience begins when tourists join the event an example is the balloon flight

or the water activities competitions. According to the paper, Gorksi kotar is inferior when it

comes to winter sports tourism events. They are also rarely used venue events but rather for

training, but trainings can bring tourists to the place. There are many establishments in this

place that need improvements so that it would be prepared for tourism. Favourable climate

and altitude, natural beauties, preserved environment and clean air, sources of drinking water,

the richness of the forest, water sources, diverse and rich flora and fauna and national park

and Nature Park are the resources of Gorski Kotar. These resources need planning to maintain

the cleaning of the environment and preventing environmental pollution.

Officials of this place should plan, develop and implement ways on how to preserve

these beautiful natural resources. The locals should also participate on regulations to be

created by the authorities and addressing the weaknesses of the place would be a great start

for them to promote and sustain their place for tourist attractions.

14
Ivanova, P. (2022). Public-private-people PARTNERSHIP (P4) FOR EVENT
TOURISM MANAGEMENT PURPOSES. Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship
Agency (VADEA).

Public-private partnership is model that was based on urban planning research dating

back to the 1960s. This model was reformed by integrating the people partnership. This new

model places the people as the central stakeholder in implementing public-private partnership

schemes. It also covers the participation of the local population. This framework improve the

planning process and reducing opposition from the community. Shared responsibilities and

meaningful conversation is also implemented in this model. Proactive citizens and political

interests can hinder the allocation of information between the parties in this model.

Involvement of local community in the planning and organizing and event is one way in

building their flexibility by representing the different levels of the society. However, handling

investors with different motives is a challenging task.

Planning and hosting an event needs countless supports. These supports may come

from different organizations, sponsors, government and the local people. Gathering these

diverse group of people is hard but it may result to a successful occasion since all needs and

suggestions are being catered and analyse if it contributes to the main goal of the event.

15
Štetić, S., Ostojić, M., & Trišić, I. (2021). THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLUNTARISM
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF EVENT TOURISM. Quaestus, (18), 11-27.
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/importance-voluntarism-sustainable-
development/docview/2547075886/se-2

Doing things with your own will and decision is called voluntarism. According to the

article, voluntarism is the noblest aspirations of mankind. Volunteers are people who are

willing to use their own time and energy and share their knowledge just to achieve their goal

or to make their selves or other people satisfy. Working with volunteers should be discrete

because they are doing the job for free. An organization asking for volunteers should first

provide the basic needs of the helpers, so that they will be motivated to continue their desire

to help other people without expecting to be monetary paid. The most common motives for

volunteering are mentioned in the article, these are the desire to help others, the need to

participate in some change, to gain work experience, to acquire specific work experience, the

possibility to travel, to meet new people, places, customs and to exchange experiences.

Education of volunteers is also important. Trainings can motivate people to volunteer

and the teaching them to organize their work is helpful on their self-development.

Voluntarism can support an event, such as birthday party, wedding and meetings. However,

these volunteers should not be taken for granted, if their job is excellent the organization

should return the favour by giving them an acceptable reward.

16
Bladen, C. (2021). The service semiotics of luxury events: An exploration for future
research and events management industry practice. Research in Hospitality
Management, 11(1), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/22243534.2020.1867374

Gestures, images and signs are now used in events to communicate with the attendees

or participants. Used popular music of DJs at luxury events is an example of Peirce’s theory

of semiotics. Event organizers should learn how to read or understand these semiotics, so that

they can offer the needed services of people attending the event. Luxury events are special

events that need high budget and unique moment to be celebrated. Interaction is needed in

creating relationship to the event attendees. According to the article, consumers use intrinsic

and extrinsic cues to set preferences and make decision in purchasing the product or the

services. The author differentiates content-driven and experience-driven events and luxury

events are included in experience-driven events. For more attendee-centred approach, a

semiotic-based should be adopted in sharing ideas and knowledge. A semiotic approach can

reveal aspects that maybe overlooked by traditional methods. Traditional semiotics can be

interrupted by the immersion of technology in our society, which causing event interpreters to

develop and adapt new meanings of these cues, other factor to changes of service semiotics is

the globalisation.

17