Prepared by: Engr. Given Dave P.

Layos, RCE
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES CE023 Instructor
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering

Lesson 9

PIPE CONNECTIONS
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering

Intended Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

1) Determine the importance of knowing the different pipe
connections.
2) Differentiate series and parallel pipe connections.
3) Understand and familiarize the different properties of fluid flow in
series and parallel pipe connections
4) Use the formulas in solving pipe flow-related problems.
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering

Importance

1.Optimize system performance: Knowing the characteristics of series and parallel pipe
connections helps civil engineers design water supply and drainage systems that deliver
optimal flow rates, pressures, and velocities while minimizing energy consumption and
system wear.
2.Enhance system reliability: By understanding how different pipe configurations impact
fluid dynamics, civil engineers can design systems with appropriate redundancies, flow
controls, and pressure management strategies, ensuring continuous and reliable service
under various operating conditions.
3.Facilitate system expansion and upgrades: A good grasp of series and parallel pipe
connections enables civil engineers to plan for future system expansions, retrofits, or
upgrades by selecting the appropriate connection types and configurations that can
accommodate increased demand or changes in operating conditions.
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering

Importance

4. Minimize costs and environmental impact: Knowledge of series and parallel

pipe connections helps civil engineers identify and implement cost-effective and
resource-efficient solutions, reducing material usage, energy consumption, and
environmental impact.

5. Ensure safety and compliance: Familiarity with series and parallel pipe
connections allows civil engineers to design and implement systems that
comply with relevant codes, standards, and regulations, ensuring the safety of
both the public and the environment.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering

Sample Problem 1

For a 300-mm diameter concrete pipe, 3600 m

long, find the diameter of a 300 m long
equivalent pipe. Assume the friction factor f be
the same for both pipes.
Answer: 182.5 mm
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering

Sample Problem 2

Two pipes 1 and 2 are in series. If the roughness

coefficients 𝑛2 = 2𝑛1 and the diameter 𝐷1 = 500 𝑚𝑚,
find the diameter 𝐷2 if the slopes of their EGL are to be
the same.
Answer: 0.6484 m
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering

Sample Problem 3
A pipe network consists of pipeline 1 from A to B,
then at B it is connected to pipelines 2 and 3,
where it merges again at joint C to form a single
pipeline 4 up to joint D. Pipelines 1, 2 and 4 are in
series connection whereas pipelines 2 and 3 are
parallel to each other. If the rate of flow from A to
B is 10 L/s and assuming f=0.02 for all pipes,
determine the flow in each pipe and the total
headlost from A to D.

𝑚3 𝑚3
Answer: 𝑄2 = 0.0077 𝑠 , 𝑄3 = 0.0023 𝑠
Total Head Lost = 1.6824 m
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City
College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering

Assignment:
Water is flowing at the rate of
300 L/s from A to E as shown in
the figure. Compute the flow rate
in each pipe in L/s and the total
head loss. Assume f = 0.025 for all
pipes.

𝐿
Answer: 𝑄2 = 141.8 𝑠 ,
𝐿 𝐿
𝑄3 = 100.6 𝑠 , 𝑄4 = 57.6 𝑠 ,
𝐿
𝑄5 = 158.2
𝑠
Total Head Lost = 32.7 m