Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

Nabua, Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF TOURISM, HOSPITALITY, AND BUSINESS

MANAGEMENT
Environmental Science
1 SEMESTER, SY 2022-2023
st

NAME: JOMARIE L. BERMIDO COURSE AND SECTION: BSOA 2D

Define each step of Scientific Method.

1. Observation / Question
- Involves in making observation about something that focus in the idea of the
project and must formulate a question about of observation. The question
states about trying to discover or accomplish in the experiment.
2. Research Topic Area
- Doing background of what already known of the topic and can also involve
findings.
3. Hypothesis
- It is the possible answer to the question that can be tested. It states the purpose
of the experiment and the predicted outcome of an experiment.
4. Test with Experiment
- It is important to create a testable experiment based on the hypothesis to
establish a noticeable observation to develop an accurate conclusion.
5. Analyse the data
- The results of an experiment and establish to see the result of the test if the
results support the hypothesis or prediction.
6. Report Conclusion
- The documents of the results from the experiment. The project must share the
result to increase the availability of knowledge and communicate to the others.

Research of an environmental problem on how scientific method can be applied.

Environmental Problem: Global Warming

1. Observation/ Question
Observation: The temperature of the Earth is constantly increasing every period
of time. The ocean absorbed much of increase heat and several of the countries
experienced the heat wave.
Question: What will happen to the Earth 10 years from now if the average
temperature surface constantly increased?

2. Research Topic Area

The Earth warmed and cooled time. Climate has changed when planet received
more or less sunlight due to subtle shift in orbit, as atmosphere changed. Global
Warming observed the climate warming of the Earth caused the changes of
composition of the atmosphere. It is rapidly increase of average surface
temperature of the Earth over the past century due to the greenhouse gases
released by the people.
3. Hypothesis
The constantly increasing of average surface temperature of the Earth
experiencing the massive drought, poverty, extinction of many species, many
volcanic eruptions pressuring by the heat, melting of many ice berg that causes of
increasing the water level of ocean, sinking of the land masses or sink holes and
the possibility of rampant human death.

4. Test with Experiment

The experiment has been developed to demonstrate the global warming potential
of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in the Earth's atmosphere. A miniature electric
resistance heating element was placed inside an inflatable balloon. The balloon
was filled with either air or CO 2. Where is the CO2 partial pressure on the earth's
atmosphere is approximately 4 × 10−4 atm, a high partial pressure of CO 2 (1 atm)
was used to compensate for the short radiation absorption path in the balloon. The
element was heated to approximately 50°C, the power was then switched off and
the element's cooling trends in air and in CO2 were monitored. It took a longer
time to cool the heating element back to ambient temperature in CO 2 than in air. It
also took longer times to cool the element in larger size balloons and in
pressurized balloons when they were filled with CO 2. To the contrary, the balloon
size or pressure made no difference when the balloons were filled with air. A
simple mathematical model was developed, and it confirmed that the radiative
heat loss from the element decreased significantly in CO 2. This investigation
showed that the cooling rate of an object, with surface temperature akin to
temperatures found on Earth, is reduced in a CO 2-rich atmosphere because of the
concomitant lower heat loss to its environment (Baldassarre et al.,2020).

5. Analyse the Data

Hausfather (2018) analysed the temperature of the global. His analysis revealed
that warming experienced by people is typically higher than the global average
warming. In a world where warming is limited to 2 Celsius about 14% of the
population constantly experience warming exceeding 2 Celsius. In the worst –
case scenario of continued growth in emission, about 44% of the population
experiences warming over 5 Celsius and 7% over 6 Celsius – in 2100.

Over this period, the world has warmed about 1 Celsius. However, land areas
have warmed by 1.3 Celsius while oceans have only warmed by around 0.8
Celsius. Some parts of the Arctic have warmed by more than 2 Celsius.

By the end of the 21st century, the future average of the global warming between
around 1.5 Celsius and 5 Celsius, depending on greenhouse gas emissions and the
sensitivity of the climate to those emission.

6. Report Conclusion
The average surface temperature has risen about 1 degree Celsius since the late
19th century and largely increased of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Most of
the warming occurred in the past 40 years, with the seven most recent years being
the warmest is the years of 2016 and 202 are tied for the warmest year of record.

The observation of the satellite revealed the amount of spring snow cover in the
Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the past five decades and the snow is
melting earlier. Glaciers are retreating almost around the world – including in the
Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska, and Africa. The ice sheets of
Greenland and Antarctic has also decreased in the mass. Data from NASA's
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment show Greenland lost an average of
279 billion tons of ice per year between 1993 and 2019, while Antarctica lost
about 148 billion tons of ice per year. Both the extent and thickness of Arctic Sea
ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades

The ocean has absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 100 meters
(about 328 feet) of ocean showing warming of more than 0.6 degrees Fahrenheit
(0.33 degrees Celsius) since 1969. Earth stores 90% of the extra energy in the
ocean. Global sea level rose about 8 inches (20centimeters) in the last century.
 The Natural Disaster are extremely increased that causes of the warming
temperature of the Earth.

References

Analysis: Global warming varies greatly depending where you live

https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-warming-varies-greatly-depending-
where-you-live/

Global Warming
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming

Global Climate Change

https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/

Fact checks: Is global warming merely a nature cycle?

https://www.dw.com/en/fact-check-is-global-warming-merely-a-natural-cycle/a-
57831350

What is Global Warming?

https://simplicable.com/new/global-warming

A simple experiment on global warming

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.192075