Pure Mathematics 3

Supporting Material 1 (Curve Sketching)

Worksheet on Sketching different types of curves
All Important curves sketching ( P3 )
Name Shape Shortcut Remark Examples
y=-x y y=2x
y = x For, x = 0,find y y=x
𝟏 𝟏. 𝒚 = 𝟓 − 𝟐𝒙
y= 𝟐 x 𝟏
1. Straight Line PLOT 𝟐. 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 x For, y = 0,find x 𝟐

𝟏. 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒂>0 ⟹ Factorise and sketch  Practice 𝟐. 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐
Otherwise, completing
𝟑. 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗
2. Quadratic ⟹ Completing square, square.
Equation 𝒂<0 𝒚 = 𝒌(𝒙 − 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟒. 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟗
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 Use, turning point ( a, b)

𝟏. 𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟑 + 𝟑
y = - x3 y = x3 To sketch
𝒚 = 𝒌(𝒙 − 𝒂)𝟑 + 𝒃
Cubic curves 𝟐. 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏
3.
use turning point ( a, b)
𝟑. 𝒚 = (𝟐 − 𝒙)𝟑 − 𝟏

𝟐
y=1/x To sketch 𝟐𝒙
For 𝒚 = 𝒙+𝟏, divide 𝟏. 𝒚 =
𝒙−𝟐
𝒌 𝟏
1 𝒚= +𝒃 and rearrange in the 𝟐. 𝒚 = −𝟏
4. 𝒙−𝒂 form 𝟏−𝒙
related curve
𝑥 𝒌
y = -1/x Asymptote x = a (line) 𝒚= +𝒃 𝒙+𝟏
y = b (line) 𝒙−𝒂 𝟑. 𝒚 =
𝒙+𝟐
𝒌 To sketch
𝒚=
𝒙𝟐
𝑘 𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝑦= +𝑏 For 𝒚 = (𝒙+𝟏)𝟐,
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 −3
1 Asymptote x = a (line) divide and 1. 𝑦 = (𝑥−1)2
5. related curve y = b (line) rearrange in the 2. 𝑦 = 3(2 − 𝑥)−2
𝑥2 form 5
𝒚 = −𝒌⁄ 𝟐 3. 𝑦 = − (𝑥−2)2 − 3
𝒙 𝒌
𝒚= +𝒃
(𝒙 − 𝒂)𝟐

√−𝑥 √𝑥
To sketch 𝟏. 𝒚 = √𝒙 − 𝟐
√𝑥 related curve 𝒚 = 𝒌√𝒙 − 𝒂 + 𝒃
6. 𝟐. 𝒚 = 𝟏 − √𝒙
−√−𝑥 − √𝑥 Use starting point ( a, b )
𝟑. 𝒚 = √𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏

e -x ex To sketch In calculation,
𝟏. 𝒚 = 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑
Exponential 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒆 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃
7.
curves ex=p 𝟐. 𝒚 = −𝟏 − 𝒆𝒙
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 or 𝑎 𝑥 Asymptote, y = b (line)  x = ln p

- e -x -ex 𝟑. 𝒚 = 𝟑 + 𝒆𝟐−𝒙

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 ln ( -x) ln x To sketch, In calculation,
𝟏. 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟐
ln x 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒍𝒏(𝒙 − 𝒂) + 𝒃
related cusrve 𝟐. 𝒚 = −𝒍𝒏(𝒙 − 𝟐)
8. ln x = q
𝟑. 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐
Asymptote, x = a (line)  x= eq
-ln( -x) - ln(x)

1. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
−𝟑𝟔𝟎 ≤ 𝜽 ≤ 𝟑𝟔𝟎
9a. 2. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑𝟔𝟎

Trigonometric
1. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
curves
𝟎 ≤ 𝜽 < 𝟑𝟔𝟎
9b. (sin 𝑥/cos 𝑥/
2. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
tan 𝑥)
−𝟏𝟖𝟎 < 𝜽 < 180
0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360

1. 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙
−𝟑𝟔𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑𝟔𝟎
9c.
2. 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽
−𝟒𝟓 ≤ 𝜽 ≤ 𝟑𝟎𝟓

Home Work :
Sketch the following curves :
1. Straight line :
6. √𝒙 related curve :
a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 3
𝑦 a. 𝑦 = √𝑥 − 2 − 1
b. 𝑥 + = 3
2 b. 𝑦 = 1 + √2 − 𝑥
c. 2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 6
c. 𝑦 = −√16 − 4𝑥
d. 𝑦 − 3 = 2𝑥 − 3
2. Quadratic functions :
a. 𝑦 = 3 − 𝑥 2
7. Exponential Curves :
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
c. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6 a. 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 + 3
d. 𝑦 = (2 − 𝑥)2 b. 𝑦 = 3 − 𝑒 −𝑥
3. Cubic curves: c. 𝑦 = −4 − 𝑒 𝑥
a. 2𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 10
8. ln x curves :
b. 𝑦 = (1 − 𝑥)3
a. 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 + 2) − 4
c. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)3 + 5
𝟏 b. 𝑦 = 2 − ln(2 − 𝑥)
4. related curves :
𝒙 c. 𝑦 = 2 − ln 𝑥
a. 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 2
1 9. Trigonometric curves :
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5
5𝑥
a.𝑦 = sin 𝑥 for −180° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 180°
c. 𝑦 = 1−𝑥 b. 𝑦 = sin 𝜃 for −270 ≤ 𝜃 < 540
𝟏
5. related curves : c. 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 180°
𝒙𝟐
3 d. 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 for −90 ≤ 𝑥 < 135°
a. 𝑦 = (𝑥+2)2 − 1
e. 𝑦 = tan 𝜃 for 90° < 𝜃 < 270°
b. 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 1 f. 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 for −180 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360
2
c. 2𝑦 = 4 − (1−𝑥)2
2𝑥 2
d. 𝑦 = (𝑥+1)2
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➢ Range & Domain of a function :

Sketch the curves for the given domain and also state the range for the following functions :
Sketch the restricted
Functions If the domain is : Range
curve for the domain
𝑥𝜖ℝ
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 5 𝑥≥0
𝑥>0
𝑥 > −2
−1 < 𝑥 < 4
1 1
𝑦= 𝑦 = (𝑥+2)2 𝑥𝜖ℝ
𝑥+2
𝑥 > −2
𝑥 < −2
𝑥 ≠ −2
𝑥≥0

𝑦 = 4 − ln(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 > −2

𝑥 ≥ −1

𝑥>0

𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 3 𝑥𝜖ℝ

𝑥≥0

0<𝑥<3

𝑦 = √𝑥 + 2 𝑥𝜖ℝ

𝑥 ≥ −2

𝑥>0

𝑦 = 2 sin 𝑥 𝑥𝜖ℝ

0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 180

−180 < 𝑥 ≤ 180

𝑦 = tan 𝑥 𝑥𝜖ℝ

0 < 𝑥 < 90

90 < 𝑥 < 270

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