[goakia Read an article on microsleep. ‘Answer questions 34 to 40 based on the article. 1 Microsleep is a condition in which refers to short, brief episodes of sleep ing from seconds up to a minute. It is momentary and uncontrollable FIND OUTMORE! as it most frequently occurs in situations where a person is trying to fight sleep and keep awake. It may occur while driving and drivers are usually unaware of these periods when microsleep occurs. They may cruise along 5 | malaymail.com/ many metres with no control, which inereases the risk of a serious car nnews/ife/2019/05/28/ accident. sgoing-home-for-raya- 2 Insufficient sleep can lead to sleep deprivation, resulting in the Ca experience of a microsleep. Research indicates that even a single night of pian one disturbed sleep will highly increase the occurrence of microsleep. The human 10 biological clock is programmed in body and meatal functions to be active in the day and rest at night, which makes us day oriented. It is nature's way and itis impossible for our biological rhythm to be altered to be fully alert eee i at night and be well-rested during the day because the human body is technology controlled by the pattern of light and dark. Microsleep in individuals may 15 be an indicator of certain sleep disorders or the possiblity of them being shift workers. The prior leads to fragmentation of the states of sleep and wakefulness, while the latter throws off regular snoozing patterns, messing with the normal circadian rhythms that most people have, which both ensue poor quality sleep. 20 https:/www.nytimes. ‘com/2017/03/16/ 3 It's not just fatigue from a disturbed night’ rest that causes our brains to check out and not be able to do anything, Microsleep is also closely related with conducting boring, monotonous tasks. Sometimes boredom can trigger drowsiness, even if you're well-rested. This is especially the case during dawn and dusk, during the mid-afternoon, or late at night. These are the 25 times when our circadian rhythms naturally dip into the drowsy territory. 4 While it can be harmless if the occurrence happens on your couch while you are trying to remain awake for a movie, episodes of microsleep can also bee extremely perilous. Having it to occur at the wrong time, such as when a person is driving, will dramatically impair driving skills and the ability to. 30 have quick reflexes on the road, causing accidents involving cars or heavy machinery as well as other dangerous situations. Studies have shown that ‘Word Savy: fatigue impairs visual abilities as individuals who are sleep-deprived blink Find the synonym of the more and longer and they also display a more scattered gaze and fixation following word(s): patterns. All these evidences are found in the driving patterns of those 35 perilous who suffer from insufficient sleep, which clearly show a reduction in visual - attention necessary for the drivers to drive safely. Sleep-deprived people veer leap out of the lane three times more often and the frequency increases the longer a they drive, Falling asleep behind the wheel, even momentarily, is gravely dangerous as it can lead to potential injury to the driver and other road users 40 or even road fatalities. Microsleep is often the direct result of sleep deprivation. Thus, to reduce the possibility of microsleep, sleep deprivation has to be eliminated. It is significant to get sufficient sleep to satisfy your sleep needs. Adults require at least seven to nine hours of sleep each night. Besides sleeping more, the 45 improvement of the overall sleep efficiency is an effective way to eliminate sleep depri vuainicu wiul val6 Fortunately, there are an abundance of ways to improve sleep efficiency. One great ge is to eliminate all potential distractions when sesring. 0 ‘Abstain from having the television on or playing music while in bed. you have the habit of having the music or television on, you should work to change it, Itis best to sleep in a quiet, dark and peaceful atmosphere, Alllights paceer eee should be off, especially the bright, blinking lights. Cut off from looking at your handphone while in bed as the bright lights emitted from the screen tend abstain to stimulate the brain and keep it awake. cab Sud tae 7 {Quality sleep each night helps you to function throughout the day and not feel fatigued. However, when carrying out repetitive tasks, like driving ong. distances, operating heavy machinery or just working an eight-hour shift of data entry, take short breaks. During these short breaks, you switch what you are doing for a few minutes every half-hour or so. Such actions 60 stimulate different parts of the brain to reduce the monotony. Moving around during the break to exercise by stretching your body or legs pumps the blood flow, as being physically active wakes up the body to fight sleepiness. If you dislike moving about, then start and engage in a lively conversation with someone near you. Participating in conversations forces you to pay 65 attention to the details of the discussion and increases oxygen in your bloodstream. On the other hand, if you are all alone, then you may opt to take a short power nap to recharge your brain or turn up the tunes of upbeat music to lift your mood and be more alert for a longer period of time. (Adapted from https:/bettersleep.org/blog) 34. In paragraph 2, the writer develops his points | 38. The word monotony (line 61) can be best replaced mainly by | with A. citing examples. i Iness Be Quoting research, | B. simplicity C. stating the evidence. i C. sluggishness D, elaborating sleeping patterns. D. dissimilarity 35. The following are causes of microsleep except 39. Which of the following is true about microsleep? A. working shifts. A. Microsleep is harmless. eB pee quality of sleep. ‘-BMicrosleep happens unknowingly. irregular sleeping patterns. C. Microsleep helps to recharge the brain. D. conducting mundane tasks. D. Microsleep is a result of only prolonged i insufficient sleep. 36. ... f0 check out (line 22) means A. to give up. 40. According to the text, we can conclude that B. togo crazy. _AE it is important to have good quality sleep. = to stop functioning. B. exercise is needed to prevent microsl D. toneed medical attention. nore jo €. microsteep can be overcome through various 37. Whats the main idea of bh ca . is the main of paragraph 4? D. the main cause of if ifficient A. The dangers of microsleep. Test time. Mo Dat toe ree B. Tired people should not drive. _ZE Sleep deprivation and its effects. D. Microslecp can occur anytime and anywhere. Scanned with Cararts) Read an extract from a novel. Answer questions 10 to 14 based on the extract. The Health Centre in a small town in India was located in a shabby hut on a dirt road. The mud walls had cracks and holes in them, and the roof let in the rain. Thirty patients and two nurses dressed in white were crowded into the small hut. Most of the patients came on foot from great distances to be examined or treated for typhoid fever. In the office, a young doctor was asking his Patient questions. The patient was a heavily pregnant woman. She sat leaning on the desk looking exhausted and answered the doctor’s questions in a weak and tired voice. Further questioning showed she had all the usual signs of typhoid fever. She also gathered water from streams and ponds for normal household usage and for drinking purposes. Most of the people here suffered from the disease. They had no access to clean water supply nor proper human waste management system in the village. The doctor told her that since hers was still at an early stage it could be cured, but the medicine was powerful and taking it was dangerous. Word Savvy: Find the synonym of the following word(s): shabby Scanned with Carops alright,” she said. “I have no feat willy child have the disease" syes, It will affect your child if left gefore the baby is born.” “But will I get the disease again? “You will if' you are exposed to unsafe water or ‘unhygienic environment.” “Where can one get access to clean water?" “Talk to the people in your village about building a well to get water from clean sources of sickness or medicine, but I fear for my child. Untreated, But I think we will have you well Find UT MORI Weblink: hupsi/wwwne.cde.gov/ travel/diseases/typhoi https://thewaterproject. org/water-crisis/water-in- and to keep a hygienic environment. In the meantime, you should get your drinking water fiom the nearest village that has clean water.” “Yes, doctor,” she said, sounding tired again. “But we are a poor village.” “None of the village is rich,” said the doctor. “But some value their children’s health sore than the others.” “How can I get the people in my village to build a well?” “Talk to the nurses on the way out. They will be able to provide you with the needed information.” Here, I thought as I listened, is a lesson worth learning. Despite extreme poverty, people were organising themselves, trying to stop the disease instead of depending on ‘outsiders’ help. If only more people in the world would do this, there would be much less illness. Word Savvy: Find the synonym of the following word(s): poverty (Adapted from Reading faster: A drill book:1963) old. B. very dirty. C. very poor. 11, Why did most people in the village suffered from typhoid fever? ‘A. There was no Health Centre in the village. B,_Unclean water and environment in the village. C. People in the village prefer to use stream or pond water. 12. What was the pregnant lady most worried about? fer child might also be ill. B. The effects of the medicine. C. The doctor was unable to cure her. 1B. 14. When the doctor said, “But some value their children’s health more than others”, he meant that they A. are not worried about money. B. are not lazy in looking for clean water. _@rGre not risking the health of their children. ‘What was the lesson that the author shared at the ae story? eople can help themselves. B. Other people cannot help much. C. Poor people need to solve their own problems. Scanned with Car