This document discusses energy dissipation in dam engineering. It explains that water flowing through spillways and discharge structures acquires high kinetic energy that must be dissipated to prevent erosion and damage. Common methods of energy dissipation mentioned are stepped spillways, stilling basins, and plunge pools. Stepped spillways help dissipate energy through turbulence on the steps. Stilling basins and plunge pools dissipate energy as the high velocity water hits the basin/pool and mixes with the slower moving water. Proper energy dissipation is crucial for dam safety.
Irrigation Works: The Principles on Which Their Design and Working Should Be Based, with Special Details Relating to Indian Canals and Some Proposed Improvements
This document discusses energy dissipation in dam engineering. It explains that water flowing through spillways and discharge structures acquires high kinetic energy that must be dissipated to prevent erosion and damage. Common methods of energy dissipation mentioned are stepped spillways, stilling basins, and plunge pools. Stepped spillways help dissipate energy through turbulence on the steps. Stilling basins and plunge pools dissipate energy as the high velocity water hits the basin/pool and mixes with the slower moving water. Proper energy dissipation is crucial for dam safety.
This document discusses energy dissipation in dam engineering. It explains that water flowing through spillways and discharge structures acquires high kinetic energy that must be dissipated to prevent erosion and damage. Common methods of energy dissipation mentioned are stepped spillways, stilling basins, and plunge pools. Stepped spillways help dissipate energy through turbulence on the steps. Stilling basins and plunge pools dissipate energy as the high velocity water hits the basin/pool and mixes with the slower moving water. Proper energy dissipation is crucial for dam safety.
This document discusses energy dissipation in dam engineering. It explains that water flowing through spillways and discharge structures acquires high kinetic energy that must be dissipated to prevent erosion and damage. Common methods of energy dissipation mentioned are stepped spillways, stilling basins, and plunge pools. Stepped spillways help dissipate energy through turbulence on the steps. Stilling basins and plunge pools dissipate energy as the high velocity water hits the basin/pool and mixes with the slower moving water. Proper energy dissipation is crucial for dam safety.
MSc. Water Mgt; BEng; PGD. Env.Mgt 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.1 General - Water Flows with high pressure and forces 5.2 Energy Dissipation on Spillways which could lead to distraction of any 5.3 Stepped Spillway object. – It has High Energy. 5.4 Stilling basins - This Energy has to be well managed or 5.5 Plunge pools contained.
- Energy dissipation is termed the process by
which Energy is “Wasted”.
- Spillways and stilling basins are structures
designed to dissipate the energy which could be of considerable magnitude. - Water that flows over any spillway acquires a lot of Kinetic Energy due to its conversion from Potential Energy into Kinetic Energy. - This High Flow of the water when discharged into the river has the ability to scour the riverbed and in certain cases undermine the downstream lower layers of the dam, thus compromising the dam safety. 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.1 General - Uncontrolled scouring may lead to the 5.2 Energy Dissipation on Spillways backward extension and damaging of the 5.3 Stepped Spillway spillway & the dam. 5.4 Stilling basins 5.5 Plunge pools - This Can be controlled by dissipating the kinetic energy before it is discharged downstream the river channel.
- Energy Dissipation is attained by inclusion in any
dam the following; 1. Stepped Spillways 2. Stilling Basins 3. Plunge Pools 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.1 General 1. Stepped Spillways 5.2 Energy Dissipation on Spillways 5.3 Stepped Spillway - The importance of a well sized spillway 5.4 Stilling basins cannot be over emphasized. Spillway 5.5 Plunge pools selection and design forms a very important aspect in the dam design process. - A stepped spillway is a spillway with steps on the spillway chute to assist in the dissipation of the kinetic energy of the descending water. This eliminates or reduces the need for an additional energy dissipater, such as a body of water, at the end of the spillway downstream. - The stepped spillway could either be incorporated in an over-flow spillway or non-overflow spillway. 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.1 General - 2. Plunge Pool 5.2 Energy Dissipation on Spillways 5.3 Stepped Spillway - This is a structure constructed below the water 5.4 Stilling basins fall or rapids to dissipate energy. 5.5 Plunge pools - Others define it as an energy dissipater which is located downstream or at an outlet of a spillway. - The mechanism is to dissipate the energy of the water as the water is discharged into the plunge pool. 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.1 General - 2. Plunge Pool 5.2 Energy Dissipation on Spillways - Typical Schematic Case of the Plunge Pool At 5.3 Stepped Spillway Kariba Dams 5.4 Stilling basins 5.5 Plunge pools 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.0 Energy Dissipation 5.1 General - 3. Stilling Basin 5.2 Energy Dissipation on Spillways 5.3 Stepped Spillway - This is an energy dissipating structure constructed 5.4 Stilling basins downstream. This is more or less an apron at the downstream of the dam. 5.5 Plunge pools - Others term this as a basin-like structure where energy is dissipated. - The stilling basin makes it possible for the kinetic to cause the turbulence and in the process, it is lost as heat energy. - Special appurtenances such as chute blocks, sills and baffles piers are provided in the stilling basins. (i) The chute blocks furrows the incoming jet & and lift a portion of it from the floor producing a shorter length of jump than would be possible without them. This is used to form a serated device at the entrance to the stilling basin. (ii) The sill has the function of additional function of diffusing the residual portion of high velocity jet that may reach the end of the basin. It is provided at the end of the stilling basin and reduces the length of the jump & controls the scour. (iii) Baffle Piers are blocks that are placed in the intermediate position across the basin floor. It dissipates energy by the impact action. They are useful in small structures with low incoming velocities, but are however, unsuitable where high velocities make cavitation possible 5.0 Energy Dissipation Resource Material https://www.usbr.gov/tsc/techreferences/hydraulics_lab/pubs/PAP/PAP-0951.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/tsc/techreferences/hydraulics_lab/pubs/HL/HL-2015-06.pdf https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:13560/Art233d.pdf https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4296/cwrj147 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303565276_Guidelines_for_Hydraulic_Desig n_of_Stepped_Spillways https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245297351_Hydraulic_Design_of_Stepped_ Spillways https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60338aaf8fa8f5432bc23dbe/_Guidanc e_for_the_Design_and_Maintenance_of_Stepped_Masonry_Spillways.pdf https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221680209499889 https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_007673.xls https://www.usbr.gov/tsc/techreferences/hydraulics_lab/pubs/EM/EM25.pdf
Irrigation Works: The Principles on Which Their Design and Working Should Be Based, with Special Details Relating to Indian Canals and Some Proposed Improvements