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623-09 - Compressor Airflow Control
623-09 - Compressor Airflow Control
1. LIST THE TWO COMPRESSOR AIRFLOW CONTROL SUBSYSTEMS THAT USE HYDRAULIC
MUSCLE PRESSURE.
2. LIST THE COMPRESSOR AIRFLOW CONTROL SUBSYSTEM THAT USES PNEUMATIC MUSCLE
PRESSURE.
3. LIST THE THREE CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE COMPRESSOR AIRFLOW CONTROL SYSTEM
IF AN ENGINE SURGE OCCURS.
• The compressor airflow control system is used to increase • The compressor airflow control system has three
compressor stability during starting, transient, and reverse subsystems.
thrust operation. – 2.5 bleed subsystem
Components: – 2.9 bleed subsystem
– Variable stator vane control subsystem
• EEC • The 2.5 bleed valve is commanded open to bleed 4th stage
• Fuel pump (for hydraulic supply) air into the fan airstream.
• 2.5 bleed valve • The 2.9 bleed valves operate with the 2.5 bleed valve
• 2.5 bleed valve actuator during engine start and transient operation to bleed 9th
• 2.9 (start/stability) bleed valves stage air into the fan airstream.
• 2.9 (start/stability) bleed valve solenoid • The 2.9 bleed valves are commanded open to bleed 9th
stage air into the fan airstream.
• Ps3 filter
– The 2.9 start bleed valve (right side) is open during
• 2.9 (start/stability) pneumatic relay valve
start (with the 2.5 bleed valve).
• Variable stator vane bellcrank
– The 2.9 stability bleed valve (left side) is open during
• Variable stator vane actuator start and transient operations.
• Variable stator vane adjuster links • The variable vane system is commanded to position the
variable vanes.
Purpose:
• The 2.5 bleed subsystem controls the position of the 2.5 • The 2.5 bleed valve, when open, permits 4th stage air into
bleed valve to make N1 compressor stability better during the fan airstream.
starting, transient, and reverse thrust operation. • The EEC schedules the system as a function of TRA, N1,
N2, T2, Mn, ALT, and Pb.
Components:
• During engine start, the valve is commanded full open. It
• 2.5 bleed valve will start to close at approximately 70 percent N2. It will
• 2.5 bleed valve actuator be fully closed at approximately 84 percent N2.
• The valve is commanded 100% open during reverse thrust
Description and Operation: operation.
Purpose:
Location:
• Bleed OPEN
– 2.5 LPC discharge air will exit the 2.5 bleed slots into
the fan airstream.
• Bleed CLOSED
– 2.5 LPC discharge air will continue through the
intermediate case to the HPC.
Purpose:
• The 2.5 bleed valve actuator is used to set the position of • The piston rod is:
the 2.5 bleed valve. – Connected to a 2.5 bleed valve clevis rod.
– Locked by a through–bolt installed on the engine.
Location:
• Dual, independently–wound RVT's supply the EEC with
• On the fan exit case at the 7:00 position. actuator position.
• Seal drain leakage is sent to the drains system.
Description and Operation:
• The 2.5 bleed valve actuator is a line replaceable unit.
• The 2.5 bleed valve actuator is a modulated, hydraulic – Note: Rigging is required.
actuator:
– Operated by fuel pressure (Pf) from the fuel pump
through the servo fuel heater.
• The EEC controls the 2.5 bleed actuator.
• The actuator piston moves:
– Aft to open the 2.5 bleed valve.
– Forward to close the 2.5 bleed valve.
Purpose:
• The 2.9 bleed subsystem controls the position of both 2.9 • During engine start, the valves are spring-loaded open.
bleed valves to make N2 compressor stability better during Both 2.9 bleed valves close at approximately 2 percent
starting and transient operation. N2c2 below idle speed.
Components:
• If the EEC detects a surge, the left side 2.9 stability bleed
valve opens.
• HPC bleed air (Ps3) filters • The 2.9 stability bleed will open for a preset time
• 2.9 start/stability bleed valve solenoid (depending on altitude) if the engine is decelerated below
approximately 81% N2.
• 2.9 (start/stability) pneumatic relay valve
– At altitudes above 20000 feet:
• 2.9 start/stability bleed valves
• The bleed opens for 180 seconds.
• 2.9 bleed valve temperature sensor thermocouple probe
– At altitudes below 16000 feet:
• 2.9 bleed valve bellows seal
• The bleed does not open.
Description and Operation: – At altitudes between 20000 and 16000 feet:
• The time that the 2.9 stability bleed valve is
• The EEC controls the 2.9 stability bleed valve (left side) as opened is between 0 and 180 seconds based on a
a function of corrected N2 (N2c2), altitude, time and Pb. schedule.
• The EEC controls the 2.9 start bleed valve (right side) as a
function of corrected N2 (N2c2).
• The EEC receives feedback as follows.
– A change in temperature is measured in the airflow of
each bleed valve.
• The left bleed valve temperature is sent to EEC
channel B.
• The right bleed valve temperature is sent to EEC
channel A.
2.9 START / STABILITY BLEED VALVE SOLENOID – At approximately 2 percent before idle and steady state:
Purpose: • The 2.9 start solenoid coil is de–energized.
• The 2.9 start / stability bleed valve solenoid is used to control • The 2.9 stability solenoid coil is energized.
the Ps3 pneumatic pressure to the 2.9 start / stability bleed – At shutdown, deceleration, or surge detection:
valves. • Both solenoid coils are de–energized.
Location:
• The 2.9 start / stability bleed valve solenoid is a line
replaceable unit.
• The solenoid is mounted at the rear of the intermediate case at
the 11:00 position
2.9 (START / STABILITY) PNEUMATIC RELAY VALVE
Description and Operation: Purpose:
• The 2.9 bleed valve solenoid is an electrically-operated, • The 2.9 (start / stability) pneumatic relay valve makes sure
pneumatic solenoid valve assembly. the stability (2.9) bleed valve opens rapidly.
• Two solenoids are mounted to a common valve housing. Location:
– Each solenoid has dual independent coils -- one for EEC
channel A and one for EEC channel B. • The pneumatic relay valve is mounted on the same bracket as
• The EEC controls the solenoid. the 2.9 bleed valve solenoid found on the intermediate case
– The PMA supplies 28VDC through the EEC to the 2.9 rear face at the 11:30 position.
start/stability bleed valve solenoid. Description and Operation:
– At initial start:
• The 2.9 start solenoid coil is energized. • The 2.9 (start/stability) pneumatic relay valve is a
• Note: With low outside air temperatures, the start pneumatically-controlled and pneumatically-operated air
and start / stability bleed valves will be closed selector valve.
approximately 0.5 seconds apart at 2% N2 less than – The minimum servo pressure necessary to shift the relay
idle speed. valve to the bleed closed position is approximately 35 psi
above the inlet pressure.
– The pneumatic relay valve is a line replaceable unit.
Pratt & Whitney FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
623 JUNE 2010 9 - 22
2.9 START / STABILITY BLEED VALVE SOL AND
Pratt & Whitney
623 JUNE 2010
PNEUMATIC RELAY VALVE
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
9 - 23
COMPRESSOR AIRFLOW CONTROL SYSTEM
2.9 BLEED SUBSYSTEM - COMPONENTS
Purpose:
• The 2.9 start / stability bleed valves control 9th stage – The valves are:
airflow into the fan airflow through bleed ports found in • Pneumatically closed by Ps3 muscle pressure.
the core cowl of the thrust reverser. • Spring–loaded open when Ps3 muscle pressure
Location: is lost.
– The 2.9 start / stability bleed valve solenoid supplies
• The 2.9 start bleed valve is mounted on the HPC rear case Ps3 pressure.
at the 2:00 position. – Typical pressure necessary to close the valves is
• The 2.9 stability bleed valve is mounted on the HPC rear approximately 10 psi.
case at the 10:00 position. • The 2.9 start / stability bleed valves have a temperature
sensor boss.
Description and Operation:
• The 2.9 start / stability bleed valves are line replaceable
• The 2.9 start / stability valves are pneumatic / spring – units.
actuated, poppet-type valves.
– The valve has two positions (open or closed).
2.9 BLEED VALVE TEMPERATURE SENSOR 2.9 BLEED VALVE BELLOWS SEALS
Purpose: Purpose:
• The 2.9 bleed valve temperature sensor thermocouple • The two 2.9 bleed valve bellows seals operate as sealed
probe sends an electrical signal to the EEC. The feedback passages for the bleed discharge air that goes from the
signal is used by the EEC to detect when the 2.9 bleed bleed valves to the fan airstream.
valve is not in its commanded position.
Location:
Location:
• A 2.9 bleed valve bellows seal is mounted on top of each
• The 2.9 bleed valve temperature sensor thermocouple 2.9 bleed valve.
probe is mounted to the housing of each 2.9 bleed valve.
Description and Operation:
Description:
• Both 2.9 bleed valves have a bellows assembly attached to
• The temperature sensor probe is a single chromel/alumel them. When the reverser doors are closed and latched, the
thermocouple. outboard ends of the bellows assemblies align with the
• When the 2.9 bleed valve opens or closes, the temperature discharge ports in those doors. The bellows push against
in the 2.9 bleed valve housing changes. The EEC senses the doors and seal around the contact area.
the temperature change, so it knows the position of the
valve.
• The two 2.9 bleed valve temperature sensor thermocouple
probes are line replaceable units.
Purpose:
• The variable stator vane control subsystem is used to • During start and shutdown (above 0% and below 15% N2)
adjust high pressure compressor airflow for optimum the variable vanes go open because:
engine performance during engine operation. – No electrical command is sent to the variable stator
• It gives maximum compressor performance while vane actuator.
preventing compressor surge and making engine starting – Pf muscle pressure is given to the actuator when the
properties better. engine is motored.
Components: • During engine start (above 15% N2 and below
approximately 40% N2) the vanes are on a “closed stop”
• Variable Stator Vane Actuator (SVA) that keeps the vanes partially open to permit airflow with
• Variable stator vane bellcrank sufficient surge margin to flow into the high compressor.
• Variable stator vane adjuster links • As the engine accelerates the EEC commands the vanes to
move off the “closed stop” towards the open position. The
Description and Operation: vanes are commanded to specified positions in relation to
N1, N2, and T2 to get maximum efficiency and stability
• The Electronic Engine Control (EEC) interfaces with the from the high compressor.
stator vane actuator (SVA). Movement of the actuator • If the engine surges (Pb fluctuates) the EEC commands the
piston is transmitted to the variable vanes through a vanes to close a slight amount to instantly increase the
bellcrank, mechanical linkage rods, and four unison rings. surge margin and stabilize the engine.
• The inlet guide vanes (IGVs), 5th, 6th and 7th high
pressure compressor stages have variable stator vanes. Note: Failsafe -- If the EEC electrical command to the vane
The variable stator vanes are positioned as a function of: actuator is lost, the variable vanes will go open.
– Low rotor speed (N1).
– High rotor speed (N2).
– Engine inlet temperature (T2).
– Burner pressure (Pb).
Purpose:
• The variable stator vane bellcrank and unison ring adjuster • The bellcrank transmits the linear hydraulic motion of the
links are used to correctly position the HPC inlet guide variable stator vane actuator to the unison ring adjuster
vanes and the 5th, 6th, and 7th stage variable stator vanes. links.
Location:
• The variable stator vane bellcrank and the unison ring
adjuster links are line replaceable units.
• The bellcrank and adjuster links are mounted on the HPC – Note: Rigging is required.
front case at the 3:30 position.
Purpose:
• The variable stator vane actuator is used to correctly • Dual, independent LVDT's provide the EEC with actuator
position (through movement of the bellcrank and the position
unison ring adjuster links) the HPC inlet guide vanes and • Overboard seal drain leakage is sent to the drains system.
the 5th, 6th, and 7th stage variable vanes. • The variable stator vane actuator is a line replaceable unit.
Location: – Note: Rigging is required.
• The variable stator vane actuator has piston rod
• The variable stator vane actuator is mounted on the HPC end threads and a rod end bearing used during
front case at the 4:00 position. rigging.
Description and Operation: • Do all the rigging at the full open position in
which the actuator is fully extended.
• The variable stator vane actuator is a modulated, hydraulic
actuator.
– It is operated by fuel pressure.
• The EEC controls the variable stator vane actuator.
– A dual coil torque motor controls the fuel actuation
servo pressure.
• The servo fuel heater supplies fuel pressure (Pf) from the
fuel pump to the actuator.
– During engine start, fuel pressure is supplied to the
variable stator vane actuator to correctly position the
variable stator vanes.
1. The two compressor airflow control subsystems that use 4. The purpose of the pneumatic relay valve is:
hydraulic muscle pressure are the:
______________________________________________
A. _______________________________
______________________________________________
B. _______________________________
______________________________________________
7. With the engine shutdown, visual inspection determines 9. With the engine shutdown the 2.5 bleed valve actuator
the stator vane actuator is in the open position. This piston rod should be in the:
condition: A. Aft position and the 2.5 bleed valve should be open.
A. Is usual on the PW4168 engine. B. Aft position and the 2.5 bleed valve should be
B. Indicates the fuel metering unit is defective. closed.
C. Requires replacement of the stator vane actuator. C. Forward position and the 2.5 bleed valve should be
D. Could be caused by incorrect rigging of the unison open.
rings. D. Forward position and the 2.5 bleed valve should be
closed.
8. The 2.9 bleed valves are:
A. Spring-loaded open and Ps3-closed. 10. Stator vane actuator rigging is checked at the actuator:
B. Ps3-open and spring-loaded closed. A. Full open position.
C. Ps3-open and closed by 9th stage air. B. Full closed position.
D. Opened by 6th stage air and Ps3-closed. C. Full open and full closed positions.
D. Full open, 56 degree, and full closed positions.
11. In the space below, write the type of fault for each of
the following CLMs.