GROUP 4 (FOOTBALL)

HISTORY

● In ancient China, there was a game known as “Cuju”, references to which were dated to
the second century BC. According to FIFA declaration in 2004, this is the game which is
considered to be the most ancient of the predecessors of modern football.
● In Japan, a similar game was called “kemari” (in some sources known as “kenatt”). The
first mention of kemari is found in 644 AD. Kemari is also played nowadays in Shinto
sanctuaries during festivals.
● In Australia, balls were made from the skins of rats, the bladders of large animals, and
twisted hair. Unfortunately, there are no rules of the game remained. In North America,
there also was the ancestor of football, the game was called “pasuckuakohowog”, which
means “they gathered to play ball with their feet.” Usually, the games took place on the
beaches, the players tried to score the ball into the goal about half a mile wide, the pitch
itself was twice as long. The number of game players reached 1000 people.

WHAT IS FOOTBALL?

● Football is the most popular team sport in the world, the object of which is to score the
ball into the opponent’s goal more times than the opposing team scores within the set
period.
● It is a contact sport and a team game that is played in between two teams of eleven
players including a goalie on each side.
● The ball can be scored into the goal using feet or any other parts of the body (except
hands).

FOOTBALL EQUIPMENT

Football involves a lot of running around the field with the ball. The players also don’t require
sporting much gear to play the game. Cleat shoes, socks, shin protector, and head gear are some
of the equipments used by players.

• Soccer Ball
- The main equipment of the game and the total game revolves around this.

• Cleats or turfs
- These are specially designed shoes with spikes on the bottom that provide great traction on
grass.
• Shin Guards
-These are used to protect the player’s shin. While playing football, opponent players try to
injure players by kicking in the shin area.

• Socks
- The socks made for Football are very long and they are meant to cover the shin-guards.

FOOTBALL VARIANTS

● Five-a-side football
- A variation of association football, in which team is made up of five players, i.e. four
outfielders and one goalie. It's different from regular football because it has a smaller
pitch, smaller goals, and reduced time duration. Matches can be played indoors or
outdoors inside a caged field.

● Futsal
- A form of association football which is played on a small pitch, hard court, and mostly
indoors. It also consists of teams having five players each, but unlike five-a-side football,
futsal courts are marked down by lines, not by boards or walls. The futsal ball is also
smaller, harder, and less bouncy than regular soccer balls.

● Beach soccer
- It's a form of soccer which is played on the beach or sand.

● Australian rules football

- It's a variant of football played between two teams of eighteen players each on an oval
field. The ball is also oval shaped. The rules are also entirely different from association
football. The player can handle the ball with his hand and run with it.
PLAYING AREA

○ Overall Field Dimensions: The overall dimensions is 100 yards long and 60 yards wide
(also 360 ft 11 in x 246 ft 1 in, 110 x 75 m)
○ The Goal: The adult soccer goal is 24 feet wide by 8 feet high.
○ Midfield Line: The middle of the field is divided lengthwise by the midfield line.
○ Center Circle: In the center of the field, there is a 10 yard circle which defenders must
stay out of at the start of play.
○ Penalty Area (also called the 'penalty box') : A rectangular box, 44 yards wide by 18
yards deep, is centered on the goal. Fouls comitted in this area may result in a penalty
kick.
○ Penalty Mark: The penalty mark is 12 yards from the end line, inseide the 'penalty area'
where "penalty kicks" are placed.
 ○ Goal Area : The goal area is a box box are 20 yards wide by 6 yards deep inside the
'penalty area', also centered on the goal. This box marks the area from which a goal kick
must be placed.
○ Corner Kick Circle : A one yard quarter circle is marked on each corner of the field,
indicating where a player must place the ball prior to a corner kick.

FOOTBALL TECHNIQUES

● Dribbling
- The skill of moving the ball past opponents while maintaining control using quick
footwork and changes in direction.

● Passing
- The act of transferring the ball from one player to another using various techniques such
as short passes, long passes, chips, or through balls.

● Shooting
- The action of kicking the ball towards the goal with the intention of scoring a goal.
Heading: The technique of using the forehead to strike the ball, typically used for aerial passes or
shots.

● Tackling
- The act of dispossessing an opponent of the ball by using a well-timed and controlled
challenge.

● Marking
- The practice of closely following an opponent player to prevent them from receiving or
controlling the ball effectively.

● Crossing
- The skill of delivering a high or low ball from wide areas into the opponent's penalty
area, typically aiming to assist a teammate in scoring a goal.

● Shielding
 - The technique of using the body to protect and maintain possession of the ball,
particularly when under pressure from opponents.
Goalkeeping: The specialized role of the player who defends the goal and tries to prevent the
opposing team from scoring by blocking shots and making saves.

● Set Pieces
- Refers to various tactics and techniques used during dead ball situations, such as free kicks,
corner kicks, or penalty kicks, to create goal-scoring opportunities.

OFFICIALS

Football Officials enforce the rules of the game and, as such, are usually the people who draw
the most ire from coaches, players and fans. There are seven officials in football and they each
have very important roles.

Officials are usually referred to by the general term of referees, but actually, there is only one
referee on the field during a game. Each official has his own title and assigned responsibilities:
referee, umpire, head linesman, line judge, back judge, field judge and side judge.

● A referee - is the only official wearing a white hat, all other officials wear black hats.
The referee is the lead official that has control of the game and is generally the final
authority in all decisions.
● The umpire - is the official that lines up approximately five yards off the line of
scrimmage on the defensive side of the ball.
● The head linesman - is the official on the sideline that straddles the line of scrimmage
looking for scrimmage violations like offsides or encroachment and penalties like illegal
motion, illegal shifts , illegal use of hands and illegal men downfield.
● The line judge - is the official who lines up on the opposite side of the field from the
head linesman. The line judge assists the head linesman on making calls of illegal
motion, illegal shifts, offsides or encroachment.
● The back judge - is the official who sets up 20 yards deep in the defensive backfield on
the wide receiver side of the field. One of the roles of the back judge is to make sure the
defensive team has no more than 11 players on the field.
● The field judge - is the official that lines up 25 yards deep in the defensive backfield on
the tight end side of the field. The field judge is responsible for keeping track of the play
clock and calling a delay of game if the clock expires.
● The side judge - is the official positioned 20 yards deep in the defensive backfield near
the same sideline as the head linesman. Side judge duties are essentially the same
GROUP 4 (FOOTBALL)

Members:

Castaneda, Kathy

Dellomes, Myra

Glaraga, Jackelyn

Ogdiman, Renica

Uberas, Eddie

Yanos, Christine