December 11, 2018

LEARNING PLAN IN MATHEMATICS 9

QUARTER: FOURTH

CONTENT: GEOMETRY

LESSON/TOPIC: SIX TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

I. CONTENT STANDARD: The learner demonstrates understanding of the basic

concepts of trigonometry.
II. PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner is able to apply the concepts of
trigonometric ratios to formulate and solve real-life problems with precision and accuracy.
III. ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDING: The learner will understand and apply the concepts of
trigonometric ratios in the unit circle, and in terms of the co-terminal and terminal angles, and
also with the use of the radian and degree measure.
IV. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Why do we need to be familiarized with the concept of
trigonometric ratios and how can we use it in the unit circle and in real life?

V. LEARNING COMPETENCIES: The learner illustrates the six trigonometric ratios:

sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant, and cotangent.

VI. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this lesson the students are able to:

1. recall the concepts of right triangle and as well as the Pythagorean theorem;
2. describe the six trigonometric ratios through engaging activities;
3. perform the process of obtaining the value of each trigonometric ratios of real-life
problems;
4. manipulate the scientific calculator in determining the missing parts of the right triangle;
5. differentiate terminal angle from reference angle through different examples;
6. convert radian measure of an angle to degree measure and vice versa;
7. define what a unit circle is from the activities given;
8. find the coordinates of an angle using the sine, and cosine from the unit circle; and
9. relate the process of determining the value of trigonometric ratios to real life.

LESSON PROPER
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES STUDENTS’ ACTIVITIES

I. EXPLORE

Good morning class. Good morning Sir Buñag

Good morning Ma’am Aguito
Good morning classmates
It’s nice to see you again.
I’m also glad to see all of you again. Let us pray first.
Spontaneous Prayer

Before you take your seats, kindly pick up all the

pieces of paper and trashes you may find around.

You may now sit down. Yes Sir.

You’re welcome. Thank you Sir.

Is there anyone who’s not around as of the moment?

That’s a great thing to hear.

None sir. We are all present.
The last time we’ve met we have discussed all about
right triangles and the use of the Pythagorean
theorem.

Paulo what is a right triangle?

Thank you, Paulo

A right triangle is a triangle which one angle
How about you Jeriel, what does Pythagorean measures 90˚.
theorem state?

Very good, Jeriel. Sir, Pythagorean theorem states that the square of the
Pythagorean theorem, in symbol states that, c 2 = a2 + hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the
b2. two legs.

Thank you! You’re really good in recalling.

Activity 1
For this moment, we are going to have a short oral
activity, wherein you will answer my questions
orally.
Did I make myself clear?

Okay, for the first one, you are going to reduce

fractions to its lowest term, starting with you Yes, Sir.
16
Febylene, reduce to its lowest term.
24

Very good! Feb.

2
Sir, its lowest term is .
3
21
Reduce to its lowest term Edward.
56

Thank you, Edward.

3
Sir, its lowest term is .
How about you Paulo, what is the lowest term of the 8
16
fraction ?
48

1
, is correct. Thank you, Paulo. 16 1
3 Sir, is equal to .
48 3
36
Reduce to its lowest term Jeriel
60

Thank you, Jeriel your answer is correct.

3
Sir, its lowest term is .
You’re really good at reducing a fraction to its lowest 5
term. This time, you’re going to give the square of a
number. Starting from you Paulo, what is the square
of 4?

Thank you, how about you Jeriel what is the square

of 9?
Sir its 16.
Very good! Jeriel.
What is the square of 7 Edward? Sir its 81.

Your answer is correct, thank you Edward.

Sir its 49.
How about you Febylene what is the square of 11?

That’s correct! Feb.

Thank you for your participation. You are all great in Sir its 121.
giving the square of a number.

Activity 2

At this moment, we are going to have another activity

entitled “GIVE ME ONE MOMENT IN TIME”.
Take a look on this triangle,

I will be placing a big triangle on the floor and each

of you will be standing on each of the sides and one
angle. When one of you is standing or placed on
angle A you will be the star of the activity, and two
of the persons standing on the sides will be giving the
star some items by means of a blink of an eye as a
signal, the number of blinks corresponds to the
number of items and the person standing on the
remaining side will guess on how many items the star
have. The person on the third side must be a keen
observant. If the third person guessed the correct
numbers of items it will be received by the person
standing on the angle. Your position will
change/rotate every 15 seconds based on the
sides/persons being asked to give items, and that 15
seconds corresponds to the time of giving of items to
the star. The activity will last only for 3 minutes. The
person with the highest correct guesses will win the
activity and will receive a reward.

Did I make myself clear?

Are you ready?

Okay, let us now start the “GIVE ME ONE

MOMENT IN TIME”
 Yes, Sir.

Yes, we’re always ready Sir.

The students are standing in the different sides a, b

and c, and on angle A, their positions change every
15 seconds, and last only for 3 minutes.

Congratulations Jeriel, you made the highest number

of correct guesses and you’re the winner of this
activity, you will receive a reward later.
For the others, you did a good job too.
I thank all of you for your efforts and participations. A

II. FIRM UP

How did you find the activity?

Oh that’s nice Paulo, you really enjoyed our

activity.

What can you notice about the activity? Febylene? You’re welcome Sir.

That’s a good observation Feb.

How about you Jeriel, what did you observe?

Sir, the activity is enjoying and challenging.

Very good Jeriel, that’s a great observation.

From the activity that you have done, you can notice Sir, from the activity I have noticed that when we are
there that whenever those at your sides, whether the on angle A or as the star, we received items from the
longest, adjacent or opposite, you standing on angle longest, adjacent and opposite side of us.
A received some items which served as your values.

That’s the main thing that we’re going to discuss
today, it’s all about the six trigonometric ratios.
From the activity, how will you define the six
trigonometric ratios?
Sir, from the activity that we have done, I have
observed that the number of items correspond to the
value of us standing on angle A.

That’s a good point Jeriel.

Now let’s take a look again on this triangle:

A
From the activity Sir, I can define the six
trigonometric ratios as the ratio between the sides
From this right triangle, the side opposite the right giving values to angle A.
angle is the hypotenuse denoted as c, similarly, the
side opposite angle A can be denoted by a and the
side opposite angle B is denoted as b.

Using the sides of a right triangle, the definitions of

trigonometric ratios of acute angle A are as follows:

opposite side o
sin A= =
hypotenuse h
adjacent side a
cos A= =
hypotenuse h
opposite side o
tan A= =
adjacent side a

Let’s focus first on these three trigonometric ratios;

to easily memorize these three we are going to use
the abbreviation SOH-CAH-TOA.

Before we apply this SOH-CAH-TOA, let us sing

first the “SOH-CAH-TOA song”

1,2,3,4
SOHCAHTOA 18x
Sine, opposite, hypotenuse 3x
Cosine, adjacent, hypotenuse 3x
Tangent, opposite adjacent 3x
(Repeat all)

SOH-CAH-TOA are the three major trigonometric

ratios, but there are still three more ratios and they
are; cosecant, secant and cotangent.
Given this triangle the ratios; cosecant, secant and
cotangent are as follows:

1,2,3,4
SOHCAHTOA 18x
A Sine, opposite, hypotenuse 3x
Cosine, adjacent, hypotenuse 3x
Tangent, opposite adjacent 3x
(Repeat all)
hypotenuse h
csc A= =
opposite side o
hypotenuse h
sec A= =
adjacent a
adjacent a
cot A= =
opposite side o

How will you relate these three trigonometric ratios

to the first three ratios Jeriel?

That’s right Jeriel, Very good!

From the ratios given, if the first three ratios have the
abbreviation SOH-CAH-TOA, how can you
abbreviate the next three ratios Paulo?

That’s a good abbreviation Paulo!

The six trigonometric ratios are easier to understand
using SOH-CAH-TOA and CHO-SHA-CAO.

For now, let’s work on this example:

EXAMPLE 1. Find the values of the six Sir, those three ratios are the reciprocal of the first
trigonometric ratios given triangle A. three ratios of sine, cosine and tangent.

Sir, for me, I can abbreviate it as CHO-SHA-CAO.

SOLUTION
The opposite side of angle A is 21; the adjacent side
is 20, and the hypotenuse is 29.
Using SOH-CAH-TOA and CHO-SHA-CAO, the
six trigonometric ratios are:

21 29
sin A= cscA=
29 21

20 29
cosA = secA =
29 20

21 20
tan A= cotA =
20 21

Always remember that these six trigonometric ratios

give equal values to angle A and you can use any of
them in finding the missing angles, depending upon
the sides given.

Did you understand?

Okay, that’s a great thing to hear.

Now, it’s your turn to find the six trigonometric
ratios of right triangle P, you’re going to answer it
orally.

EXAMPLE 2.

Febylene what are the values ofsin P∧csc P ?

Very good Feb!

How about you Edward, what are the values of
cosP∧sec P ? Yes sir.

You’re answer is correct Edward!

How about you Paulo, what are the values of
tanP∧cot P?

Very good Paulo!

Do you have any questions regarding the six

trigonometric ratios?

Now that you understand the six trigonometric ratios,

let us apply it in finding the missing parts of this
triangle.

EXAMPLE 3. 4 5
Sir it’s sin P= cscP=
Given triangle PAU, with a leg measuring 3 cm and 5 4
hypotenuse of 6 cm. Find the other leg and the
measures of angles P and U.

Before we find the missing parts, kindly draw the

triangle on the board Jeriel.
3 5
Sir it’s cos P= secP=
5 3

4 3
Thank you Jeriel. Sir it’s tan P= cotP=
3 4
First let’s find the other leg, but how do we find it
Febylene?

Very good Feb! None, sir.

Using the Pythagorean theorem c2 = a2 + b2, we

substitute 6 to c and 3 to a, what is the measure of b
Edward?

You’re answer is correct Edward!

Our b is √ 27 or 3 √ 3 cm, and we now have the

complete measures of sides: a=3cm, b= 3 √ 3cm, and
c=6cm.
Now, let’s find angle P and U using the six
trigonometric ratios.

Sir, to find the other leg we are using the

Pythagorean theorem.

3√3
Given the sides, what trigonometric ratios can you
use to find angle P?
c 2 = a 2 + b2
62 = 32 + b2
b2 = 62 - 32
Very good class! b2 = 36 – 9
Since any of the ratios have the same values, let’s try b2 = 27
to use cosine of angle P. b = √ 27 or 3 √ 3 cm
Sir b is √ 27 or 3 √ 3 cm.
What is cosP?

3 1
Very good class, cosP = = , but what is the
6 2
measure of angle P?

To find angle P, we can use your calculator, since we

use cosine:

Press cos 1 2 = 60˚, our angle P is

60˚.
Did you get the same answer?

Now, that we have angle P let’s find angle U. We can

also use any of the six trigonometric ratios, but to
make it easier we can use this theorem:
the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is equal to Sir, given the sides we can use any of the ratios
180˚ or A+B+C=180˚ because they all have the same values.
Since we have a right triangle with one angle
measuring 90˚, and angle P is 60˚, what is the
measure of angle U?

3 1
Sir cosP = = .
6 2
Very good class, U = 30˚.
3 1
To check it let’s try using sinU = = , to find U:
6 2
Press sin 1 2 = 30˚.

Did you also get 30˚?

That’s it we already found the missing parts of

triangle PAU. Did you have any questions?
Clarifications? Yes sir.

If that is so, let’s have another example.

You will work on this by pair.
EXAMPLE 4

Given right triangle FEB, with legs measuring 3 cm

and 9 cm respectively. Find the missing parts of the
triangle, side c, measure of angles F and B.

Sir, using A+B+C=180˚:

P+A+U=180˚
60˚+90˚+U=180˚
150˚+U=180˚
U=180˚-150˚
Look first for side c. U=30˚
What is the measure of side c?
 Yes Sir.

Now that you have all the sides of triangle FEB, look
now for the measure of angles F and B, using any of
the six trigonometric ratios. None Sir.

9
Using tanF = =3:
3
Press tan 3 = 71.57˚ or 71˚ 33’ 54”

Did you get the same value of angle F?

Now look for angle B.

What’s the measure of angle B?

How did you get that?

Very good class.

Let’s check it using the theorem about triangles:
The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 i.e. c 2 = a 2 + b2
A+B+C=180˚. c 2 = 32 + 92
71.57˚+B+90˚=180˚ c2 = 9 + 81
161.57˚+ B = 180˚ c2 = 90
B = 180˚ - 161.57˚ c = √ 90 or 3 √ 10 cm
B = 18.43˚ Sir its √ 90 cm or 3 √ 10 cm.

Therefore, we already found the missing parts of

triangle, measure of side c = √ 90 or 3 √ 10 cm,
measure of angle F=71.57˚, and measure of angle B
=18.43˚. 9
Sir, we will use tanF = =3, but how to press it in
3
Did you understand? the calculator?
Do you have any questions? Clarifications?

Very good! You really understand the trigonometric

ratios.
Yes sir.
At this moment, let’s apply these six trigonometric
ratios in the Cartesian coordinate plane. 3 1
Using tanB = =
9 3
Take a look on these graphs:
tan1 3 = 18.43˚ or 18˚26’6”
Sir, B = 18.43˚.
3 1
Sir we used tanB = =
9 3

What can you say about the graphs?

Very good!
How will you differentiate the first graph from the
other? Yes sir.

That’s a good observation. None, sir

That side A is what we called the terminal side, the
one which rotates and side c as the fixed is the initial
side.

Now let’s have another graph of an angle.

This angle is in standard position, because, its vertex

is at the origin (0,0), its initial side lies along the
positive ray of the x-axis. The acute angle formed by
the terminal side and the x-axis is called the reference
angle.

In the rectangular coordinate system, an angle has Sir, the graphs contains angles.
four standard positions in every quadrant.

If the direction of the angle is counterclockwise, we

say the angle has a positive orientation otherwise, it Sir, I have observed that as side A moves, the value
has a negative orientation. of the angle differs from 118˚ to 150˚.

Now let’s focus on the terminal and reference angle.

Look on the angle in a rectangular coordinate plane.

What is the measure of that angle?

Very good!

That’s the measure of the terminal angle, take note

that the terminal side gives value to the terminal
angle, therefore our terminal angle is equal to 150˚.

On the other hand, the reference angle of 150˚ is 30˚,

because the acute angle formed between the terminal
side and the x-axis is:
A = 180˚ - 150˚ = 30˚, hence the reference angle is
30˚

From the example given, how will you differentiate a

reference angle from a terminal angle?

That’s a great differentiation!

Do you have any questions regarding the reference

angle and the terminal angle?

If that is so, let’s have another angle in a rectangular

coordinate plane.

Sir its 150˚.

What can you notice about the illustration?

That’s a good point! These angles are what you

called co-terminal angles.

From the illustration, there are three angles that are

co-terminal, 30˚, -330˚ and 390˚ and they have the
same terminal side lying on the first quadrant.

From that note, 30˚ has its co-terminal angles -330˚

and 390˚, basically because of the formula:
30˚ + 360˚ = 390˚, when the terminal side moves
counterclockwise, and
30˚ - 360˚ = -330˚, when the terminal side moves
clockwise. Sir, a reference angle is an acute angle formed
between the terminal side and the x-axis, while the
For you to understand it well, let’s have another terminal angle is the measure of the angle depending
example. upon where the terminal side stops its rotation; it’s
either positive or negative.
EXAMPLE 5
Given angle A measuring 120˚, find its co-terminal
angles.
None, Sir.
First and foremost, kindly draw this angle on the
Cartesian plane Paulo.

Thank you, Paulo.

Now, what are the co-terminal angles of 120˚?

 Sir, I have noticed that there are three (3) different
Very good! angles having the same terminal side.

Do you have any question regarding co-terminal

angles?

That’s great to hear.

Always remember that angles can be in radian or in
degree measures.

Most of our examples are in degree measures. Now

let’s give emphasis on these two angular measures;
the degree and radian.

Since, we’re always using the degree measure, how

will you define it?

Very good!
A degree measure is based from its revolution, and a
1
degree is equal to of a circumference of a circle.
360

On the other hand, a radian, if placed with its vertex

at the center of the circle, subtends an arc equal to the
radius of the circle.

Thus the radian measure of a central angle of a circle

S
is the ratio of the intercepted arc to the radius r, θ=
r
.

The relationship between degrees and radian are

derived using the circumference of a circle which is
equal to 2 πr and the circumference subtends an arc
equal to 360˚, therefore the circumference of a circle
subtends a central angle equal to 2 πr radians.
2 πr 360˚
=
2 2
Sir the co-terminal angles are:
(1) πr=180 ˚ 120˚+ 360˚ = 480˚
120˚ - 360˚ = -240˚.
180 ˚
(2) 1 radian=
π

180˚ π radians None, Sir.

(3) =
180˚ 180 ˚

π radians
1 ˚=
180°

Equation (2) and (3) will be used to convert degree

measure to radian and vice-versa.

Let’s work on this example.

EXAMPLE 6. Express 30˚ in radiun measure.
Sir, degree measure is the measure of an angle based
πr π from the opening of the angle.
Solution: ( 30 ˚ ) x 1˚ =30 ˚ x = radians
180 ˚ 6

π
Therefore, the radian measure of 30 ˚is radians .
6
Did you get the same answer?

Okay, very well.

Now, each of you will be given angles in degree to be

converted to radian: a for Jeriel, b for Paulo, c for
Edward and d for Febylene.
Try to convert the following to radians:

a. 60˚ b. 90˚ c. 135˚ d. 210˚

Are you done converting the angles to radian?

Okay, let me check it.

Very good, all of you got the correct answers.

Do you have any question or clarifications?

If that is so, let’s now proceed to the next one which

is converting radian measures to degree.

In converting radian to degree, we are using,

180 ˚
1 radian= .
π

EXAMPLE 6.
π
Convert radian to degree.
6

π π 180˚
radian = x =30 ˚ .
6 6 π

Did you understand?

Yes, Sir.
Let’s have another example.

3π
Convert radiansto degree.
4

Just like on the first example we will multiply

3π 180˚
radiansto which is equal to 135˚.
4 π
πr π
a. 60˚ = 60˚ x = radians
What relationship can you notice from the process of 180 ˚ 3
converting radian to degree and vice versa?
πr π
b. 90˚ =90˚ x = radians
180 ˚ 2
Did you understand?
πr 3π
If that is so, each of you will be given angles in c. 135˚ = 135˚ x = radians
180 ˚ 4
degree to be converted to radian: a for Paulo, b for
Edward, c for Febylene and d for Jeriel.
Convert the following to degrees. πr 7π
d. 210˚ = 210˚ x = radians
180˚ 6
π π 5π 7π
a. b. c. d.
4 2 4 6
Yes, Sir.

Are you done converting the angles to degree? None, Sir.

Let’s check your work.

Very good, all of you got the correct answer.

Do you have any questions or clarifications?

That’s a great thing to hear.

You’re now equipped with the basic knowledge

needed in our next topic
But before we proceed to the next topic, get any piece
of paper and any writing materials, draw a circle on it
and shade the circle.
Yes, Sir.

How did you shade the circle?

Very good, but why?

That’s the main thing on why I let you draw a circle

and shade it because our next topic is related to circle Sir, I have noticed that each process is the reciprocal
which is the unit circle. of the other.

Do you have any idea about a unit circle? Yes, Sir.

Thank you for your honesty.

A unit circle is a circle whose distance from its center

to any point on its circumference is one unit. It is
defined by the equation x2 + y2 = 1.

π π 180˚
a. = x =45 ˚
4 4 π

π π 180˚
b. = x =90˚
2 2 π

5 π 5 π 180 ˚
c. = x =225 ˚
4 4 π
Take note that every point on the circle corresponds
to an ordered pair (x,y). Since the radius of the circle 7 π 7 π 180 ˚
is 1, from the diagram, the ordered pairs are: A(1,0), d. = x =210 ˚
6 6 π
C(0,1), D(-1,0) and E(0,-1).

1
Considering point B, it’s y-coordinate is , to get its Yes, Sir.
2
ordered pair we must get the x-coordinate and can be
computed as follows:

x2 + y2 = 1
1 2
x 2+( ) ¿ 1
2
None, sir.
2 1
x + ¿1
4
2 1
x =1−
4
3
x 2=¿
4
x=¿ 3
√ 4
x=¿ √
3
2
B=( , )
√3 1
2 2

Now, take a look on point K, how will you define its

coordinates? Sir, we only shaded the outermost layer of the circle
not the whole circle.

Sir, it is because the definition of a circle is a set of

all points equidistant to a common vertex called the
center.

None, Sir, where new to that.

Very good, and for us to find the y-coordinate
substitute the value of x to the equation x2 + y2 = 1
and solve for y.

What are the coordinates of point K?

Very good!
We have now the coordinates of point B and K, this
is how the graph of it looks like:
Do you understand?

Now that you understand the basics about unit circle

especially some of its coordinates using x2 + y2 = 1, I
am now going to drop an angle θ to the unit circle
and we will determine the coordinates being
intersected of its side.

In this unit circle, an angle measuring 30˚ was

dropped inside.

1
Sir, its x-coordinate is , but we don’t have y-
2
coordinate yet.

For us to find the coordinates of point B of the unit

circle from which the terminal side of the angle
intersects, let us make 30˚ a part of a right triangle by
dropping an altitude from point B to side A:

x2 + y2 = 1
1 2
( ) + ¿ y2 ¿ 1
2
1 2
+ y ¿1
4
2 1
y =1−
From the illustration, point B has the ordered 4
pair(x,y), the length of the altitude dropped is equal 2 3
to the y-coordinate and the length of side A is equal y =¿ 4

√
to the x-coordinate, but what is the length of the
hypotenuse? y=¿ 3
4
y=¿ √
That’s a good observation. 3
2
1 √3
For now, let’s find for the coordinates of point B K=( , )
2 2
given 30˚ angle.
1 √3
Let’s look first on the y-coordinate which is equal to Sir, point K is ( , ).
the altitude. 2 2
What do you think is the method that we can use to
find it?

That’s a good point; you really remembered the six

trigonometric ratios, but which one of them?
Very good!
To find y or the altitude, we are going to use:
opposite o
sin30˚ = =
hypotenuse 1
o = sin30˚ x 1 Yes Sir.
o = sin30˚
1
o=
2

1
Therefore y is equal to , how about x, how will you
2
find it?

Very good!
Try to work on it.

What did you get?

You’re answer is correct.

Let’s check it using the Pythagorean theorem:
2 2 2
c =a + b
Substitute a and o for the sides and 1 for the
hypotenuse c.

( 2 ) (2)
2
12 = √3 + 1 2

3 1
1= +
4 4
1 ≅1

They are equal, therefore the coordinates of the unit

circle intersected by 30˚ are (

√ 3 , 1 ¿.
2 2

SOH-CAH-TOA can give the values of side a and b

which is equal to (x,y), but not all the time we can
use it when there are large angles given in the unit
circle.
Sir, the hypotenuse of that triangle is equal to 1 since
So, based from our example we can say that: the radius of the circle is 1.

adjacent a
cosθ = = =a
hypotenuse 1
cosθ = a, or
cosθ = x-coordinate where the angle intersects the
unit circle;

opposite o Sir, I think we can find it using one of the six

sinθ = = =o
hypotenuse 1 trigonometric ratios.
sinθ=o ,∨¿

sinθ=¿y-coordinate where the angle intersects Sir, since 30˚ is the angle given, the altitude or y is
the unit circle. opposite it, and the hypotenuse is given, sine of the
angle must be used.
To sum it up:
 cosθ = x
sinθ=¿y
y
From here; tanθ= which is also equal to:
x
cos θ
tanθ=
sinθ

cos θ
Take note that cosθ = x, sinθ=¿y, and tanθ=
sinθ
are the extension of SOH-CAH-TOA in the unit
circle. Sir, since it is the adjacent side of 30˚, and the
hypotenuse is given cosine of the angle must be
used.
Take a look on this unit circle:
adjacent a
cos30˚ = =
hypotenuse 1
a = cos30˚ x 1
a = cos30˚
a=
√3
2

Sir a =
√3 .
2

What can you say about the unit circle?

Thank you!
How about the relationship between the ordered pairs
with the angles?

Let us now apply cosθ = x and sinθ=¿y.

EXAMPLE 7
From the unit circle, find the following:

1. cos 45 °and sin 45 °

2. cos 225 ° and sin 225 °

From the unit circle, 45˚ have the ordered pair(

√2 ,
2
√2 ), what is cos 45 ° ?
2

Very good!
How aboutsin 45 ° ?

That’s correct!

Now, work on number 2.

What is cos 225 ° ?

Thank you!
How aboutsin 225 °?
What can you say about the ordered pairs between
45 ° and 225 ° ?

That’s a good point!

Let’s try to work on this example.

EXAMPLE 8
From the unit circle, find the following:
5π 5π
a. cos and sin
6 6

11 π 11 π
b. cos and sin
6 6

The given angles are in radian measure, if you find it

easier to use the degree measure convert first the
angles to degree. But from the unit circle we can
5π 5π
easily determine cos and sin which is equal
6 6
to :
5 π −√ 3
cos = and
6 2
5π √1
sin = .
6 2
Sir, the unit circle contains angles in degree and
Did you get the same values for cosine and sine? radian measure and the coordinates of the unit circle
intersected by the angles.
That’s a great thing to hear.
Work on letter b.
Sir ordered pairs between opposite angles differ from
signs but have the same values.

11 π
What is the ordered pair intersected by ?
6

Very good!

It is really important to be familiar with the ordered

pairs of the unit circle intersected by the angles either
in degree or radian.
Sir, cos 45 ° =
√2 .
Since you are already familiar with the location of the 2
angles in the unit circle whether it is in radian or
degree, it is really necessary to be also familiar with
the ordered pairs it intersected. Sir, sin 45 ° =
√2 .
2
To help you be familiarized with the coordinates
easily let’s watch the song for unit circle and sing it
together afterwards.

−√ 2
Sir, cos 225 ° = .
2
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−√ 2
Sir, sin 225 ° = .
2

Sir the two angles are opposite angles in the unit

 circle, they have the same value of the ordered pairs,
but they only differ with their signs.

Let’s sing it together gracefully.

THE UNIT CIRCLE COORDINATES SONG

So you finally learned the Unit Circle

Radians and degrees,
But forgot to learn the COORDINATES so you’re
A’s went down to B’s,
And now you’re stuck and wondering how to find
this expertise,
Well listen and your trouble will be gone!
(1,0) (Clap! Clap!)
(
√3 , 1 ¿ Hey!
2 2
(
√ , √ ¿ And the rest is just a laugh!
2 2 Yes, Sir.
2 2
1 √3
( , ¿, (0,1) you’re done! 11 π √ 3
2 2 cos =
You can find the rest of the COORDINATES, 6 2
If you just know Quadrant 1
Again! [repeat from (1,0)] 11 π −1
sin =
6 2
Ready…Let’s learn

Sir, its (
√ 3 ,− 1 ¿ .
You’ve gotta, match the angles with the same 2 2
denominations,
Following the lines!
Rewrite the coordinates and note the quadrant,
Then just change the signs!
It seems we’ve just begun.
But hey that’s I, we’re done!
Betcha never knew the unit circle could ever be
this
FUN!
Again(repeat 2nd verse)
Again!(repeat 1st verse)
Betcha never knew the unit circle could ever be
this
FUN!
HOORAY!

What can you say about the song?

Thank you!

From the song, it is said that if you just know

quadrant 1 it is easier to find the other coordinates by
matching the angles with the same denominations,
following the lines, then rewrite the coordinates and
note the quadrant.
From that note, take a look on the unit circle again
and prove the technique stated from the song.

THE UNIT CIRCLE COORDINATES SONG

So you finally learned the Unit Circle

Radians and degrees,
But forgot to learn the COORDINATES so you’re
A’s went down to B’s,
And now you’re stuck and wondering how to find
this expertise,
Well listen and your trouble will be gone!
(1,0) (Clap! Clap!)
What can you observed now? √3 , 1 ¿ Hey!
(
2 2
(
√2 , √ 2 ¿ And the rest is just a laugh!
Did you find easier to use the unit circle now after we 2 2
sang the song? 1 √3
( , ¿, (0,1) you’re done!
2 2
You can find the rest of the COORDINATES,
That’s a great thing to hear! If you just know Quadrant 1
Again! [repeat from (1,0)]
Do you have any questions about the unit circle?
Ready…Let’s learn

III. DEEPEN You’ve gotta, match the angles with the same
denominations,
GENERALIZATION Following the lines!
Rewrite the coordinates and note the quadrant,
At this moment, let’s have a short recap on what we Then just change the signs!
have discussed, again what are the six trigonometric It seems we’ve just begun.
ratios? But hey that’s I, we’re done!
Betcha never knew the unit circle could ever be
this
FUN!
Again(repeat 2nd verse)
Again!(repeat 1st verse)
Betcha never knew the unit circle could ever be
this
FUN!
HOORAY!

Sir, the song really helped us memorize the

Very Good!
coordinates of the unit circle.
And what again is the abbreviation of the six
trigonometric ratios?
Very good!

And how will you say again that an angle is in

standard position?

Very Good!
Again, how will you differentiate a reference angle
from a terminal angle?

Very Good!

And how will you define co-terminal angles?

Very Good!

And how will you convert radian measure to degree

measure and vice versa?

Very good! Sir, we have observed that the techniques stated from
the song are true and is observable in the unit circle.
And what again is a unit circle?
Yes, Sir, we enjoyed it and we learned the
coordinates easily.

How can we find the coordinates intersected by the

angles?

Very Good! None, Sir.

And how about if there are larger angles?

Very good!

How will you easily memorize the coordinates of the

unit circle?

The six trigonometric ratios are :

Very good! opposite side o

sin A= =
hypotenuse h
And how will you relate getting values of adjacent side a
trigonometric ratios, angles, and coordinates of the cos A= =
hypotenuse h
unit circle in real life?
opposite side o
tan A= =
adjacent side a

hypotenuse h
csc A= =
That’s a good realization. opposite side o
hypotenuse h
sec A= =
adjacent a
adjacent a
cot A= =
opposite side o

APPLICATION
Sir, its SOH-CAH-TOA, and CHO-SHA-CAO.
For this moment, we will have an individual
seatwork.

Answer the following problems: An angle is said to be in standard position when its
vertex is at the origin and the initial side is on the
A. Given the right triangle ABC with right angle positive x-axis.
C, solve for the parts indicated.

1. a= 15 B = 42˚20’, b and A
2. a=10 b = 18, A and B Sir, a reference angle is an acute angle formed
between the terminal side and the x-axis, while the
B. Answer the following worded problems: terminal angle is the measure of the angle depending
1. A student was looking for the measures of upon where the terminal side stops its rotation; it’s
these angles using the protractor, but the either positive or negative.
angles are not in degree, help him complete
his table of measurements by converting the
following angles:
ANGLES Sir, co-terminal angles are angles having the same
π terminal sides.
4
5π
6 Sir, to convert radian to degree, we have:
2π 180 ˚
3 1 radian= ;
π
π And for degree to radian, we have:
6 π radians
π 1 ˚=
180°
5
A unit circle is a circle whose distance from its
2. The time in your clock is at 10:00, having an center to any point on its circumference is one unit. It
angle of 150˚ and is placed in the unit circle, is defined by the equation x2 + y2 = 1.
find cosine and sine of it?
3. You are going to throw your arrow and your Sir, we can find the coordinates of angles by using
arms made a 60˚ angle, imagine that this the six trigonometric ratios, but not all the time.
angle is at the unit circle, what are its
coordinates? Sir, we are using: cosθ = x and sinθ=¿y.

Sir, if we know the coordinates of quadrant 1, we

will just look for the angle with the same
denomination, following the lines, and just change
the side depending on what quadrant it lies.

Sir, in Mathematics, we are working hard to get the

values, and in real life we must value everything that
we have.
 A.
1. a, is opposite A, b is opposite of B, angle B =
42˚20’, to find b:

b
tan B=
a
b=atanB
b= (15)(tan42˚20’)
TRANSFER b = (15)(.9110)
b= 13.66
Okay class, at this moment, imagine that you’re To find A: A+42˚20’+ 90˚ = 180˚
going to a museum, but here’s the museum, all you A = 180˚ - 132˚20’
need to do is to look for the missing measure of parts A = 47˚40’
of the rooms, and label some missing parts.

2. a, is opposite A, b is opposite of B, , to find A:

a
tan A=
b
10
=
18
5
=
9
A = 29.05˚
b
tan B=
a
18
=
10
9
=
5
B = 60.95˚
B.
1.
ANGLES
π
45˚
4
Assignment: 5π
150˚
6
Find the missing parts of the following right triangle: 2π
120˚
3
π
30˚
6
 π
36˚
5

2. cos150˚ = -
√3
2

1
1. sin150˚ =
2

1
3. cos60˚ =
2

sin60˚ =
√3
2
2.

B. Convert the following to radians and degrees:

1. 145˚

2. 170˚

π
3.
9

11 π
4.
6

3π
5.
2

C. Find the following in the unit circle:

Coordinates of:

7π
1.
6

5π
2.
3
Angles with the coordinates of:

3. (
√3 , - 1 )
2 2
−√ 2 −√ 2
4. ( , )
2 2

Reference: PLANE TRIGONOMETRY (Revised Edition) by ESTELA GALICANO-ADANZA, Ph.D.

and Roberto Natividad Padua, Ph. D., and NEXT CENTURY MATHEMATICS 9 by Orines, Fernando
B., et al.

Submitted by: Mark Kevin H. Buñag

Submitted to: Ms. Janelle Leigh F. Aguito