Irrigation, Farm Size, and Farm Productivity: Testing the Inverse

Farmsize-Productivity Relationship of Irrigated and Non-irrigated

Rice Farming in Indonesia

Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan1*, Mohammad Rondhi2, Joni Murti Mulyo Aji2, Evita
Sholiha Hani2, Soetriono2, Cahyoadi Bowo3, Yasuhiro Mori4, Takumi Kondo5
1
Doctoral Study Program of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37, Jember, Indonesia
2
Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl.
Kalimantan No, 37, Jember, Indonesia
3
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl.
Kalimantan No, 37, Jember, Indonesia
4
Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582
Bunkyodaimidoricho, Ebetsu-shi, Japan
5
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku,
Sapporo, Japan

Correspondence email: 191530101005@mail.unej.ac.id

ABSTRACT

Keywords:

INTRODUCTION

Irrigation development plays a strategic and vital role in agricultural and

economic development in Indonesia. In the past six decades, not less than 2% of
Indonesian annual public spending directed toward the development of irrigation
infrastructures, with the highest being in the New Order Regime with an average of 4%
of annual budget went to irrigation development (Ref1). Since then, the agricultural
sector grew significantly with a rate of 4% annually and the Indonesian economy
experienced an annual growth of 5% (Ref2). The rice sector is the primary beneficiary
of irrigation development policy. Both total production and productivity of rice sector
has increased significantly with the development of irrigation infrastructures. However,
the productivity-increasing function of irrigation is facing a mounting challenges such
as competing water uses, climate change, and costly operation and maintenance of

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irrigation networks. Thus, maintaining high productivity and optimizing resources
utilization is of paramount important.
The decades-old problem in agricultural production economic is the inverse
relationship (IR) between farm size and productivity, e.g. the decreasing farm
productivity as farm size increase. The IR problem indicates that resources are not
utilized equally across all farm.

RESEARCH METHOD

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This section provided to the authors to deliver their gratitude to the research
funder, facility, or suggestion; for the statement if the article is part of the
thesis/dissertation.

REFERENCES
The reference contains the list of journals, books, or other publications referred in this
manuscript. Each reference cited in the text must be listed in REFRENCES, and vice
versa. References of your manuscript must be traceable, no less than 25 pieces, should
be a primary source (80%), and not exceed 10 years (80%). The AGRARIS follows the
American Psychological Association (APA) 6th Edition. The reference writing was
strongly suggested applying Mendeley App, as well as writing source of references.
Some examples are (Debertin, 2004); (Statistics Indonesia, 2020); (Triyono,
Kamardiani, & Prasetio, 2021); (Wong, Sharifuddin, Teng, Li, & Song, 2020).

Here are examples of reference:

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Debertin, D. L. (2004). Agricultural Production Economics (Second Edi). New Jersey:
Pearson Education.
Statistics Indonesia. (2020). The Statistics of Farm Wages in Rural Area. Jakarta: BPS-
Statisics Indonesia.
Triyono, Kamardiani, D. R., & Prasetio, M. A. (2021). Alocative Efficiency of Honey
Pineapple Farm in Pemalang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. In Juwaidah, P.
Saiyut, M. M. Tjale, & Z. Rozaki (Eds.), International Conference on Agribusiness
and Rural Development (IConARD 2020) (Vol. 232, p. 01016). E3S Web of
Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123201016
Wong, K. K. S., Sharifuddin, J. B., Teng, P. K., Li, W. W., & Song, L. K. (2020).
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AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research, 6(2), 198–
207. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18196/agr.62100

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Place the Table and Figure in your narration.
Sample of Table and Figure are:
Table 1. Food Waste Generated in Malaysia, 2011
Food waste
Sources
Ton/day Ton/year
Household 8,745 3,192,404
Wet and night market 5,592 2,040,929
Food court/restaurant 5,319 1,941,608
Hotels 1,568 572,284
Food and beverage industries 854 311,564
Shopping malls 298 108,678
Hypermarket 291 106,288
Institutions 55 26,962
Schools 45 21,808
Fast food/ chain shops 25 808
Total 22,793 8,331,589
Source: Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG), 2011
Note: Please use "comma" in writing number for thousands and "point" in writing nu
mbers for units

Figure 1. Amount of Order and Shipping of Leaf Vegetables of PT. SFO in 2017
Note: Images must be clear and high resolution (not broken)