Week 5: Object-Oriented Programming

Computing Programming with

Python
Ronny Estrella
 ● What is Object-Oriented Programming?
○ Attributes and Methods
○ OOP in python
○ What is python class?
○ When to use classes in python?
○ Abstraction
CLASS
CONTENTS
 Introduction

Class Computing Programming with Python

Professor Ronny Estrella (restrella@solbridge.ac.kr;

ronnyestrella@hotmail.com)

Lecture Time Monday/Wednesday 10:30 am - 12:00 pm

Place Online via Zoom

 Review Quiz

● What is are examples of loop control statements?

● When I need to use a copy function?
● Why I need to use a copy function?
● What is lambda expression?
Practice Exercise from the previous class

Write a program that reads a CSV file of student grades, calculates the average
grade for each student, and writes the results to a new CSV file. Use the csv module
to read and write CSV files “import csv”, and define functions to calculate the
average grade and format the results.
What is object-oriented programming?
● Object-oriented programming (OOPs) is a programming approach.
● Objects are software bundles like people or car or robot or etc.
● Objects hold data and code together.
● Objects are analogous to real-world objects with properties and behaviors.
● Objects have nature and behavior, such as the remote control of a
television.
● Object have attributes/properties.
● oBjects have behaviours/methods.
Attributes and Methods Attributes → variables
Methods → functions

● Attributes are information that is saved

in a class blueprint and individual
objects have data saved in the
attributes field.
● Behaviors are represented through
methods that carry out operations
specified in the class specification.
● A class represents a template to
create objects with specified attributes
and methods.
● Objects created using a class will have
the attributes and methods contained
within it, differing only from one object
to another.
How we use OOP in
python?
How we use OOP in python?

● OOP is used in Python to create classes, which act as templates for creating
objects with similar attributes and behaviors.
● A class is defined using the 'class' keyword, followed by the class name and a
colon. The class body contains the attributes and methods for the class.
● Attributes are variables that hold data for each object, and methods are
functions that perform operations on the object's data.
● When an object is created, it is called an instance of the class. The 'self'
parameter is used to refer to the instance within the class.
● Objects can interact with each other through their methods, and inheritance can
be used to create new classes that inherit attributes and methods from a parent
class.
What is a Python class?

● A blueprint to create objects

● A class defines what objects look like, and what functions can operate on these
objects
● An object is an item with fields supported by a set of method functions.
○ Can have several fields
○ These fields are accessed or modified by object methods

Syntax: Class Definition

Syntax: Object Definition
class ClassName:
# Statement obj = ClassName()
print(obj.atrr)
Steps to define class
class Person: 1
Python Class Variables
#initializing the variables
name = “ ”
age = 0
#defining constructor
def __init__(self, personName,
personAge):
self.name = personName
self.age = personAge
#defining python class methods 4
def showName(self):
print(self.name)
2
def method_name(self, parameter 1,
parameter 2, …….)
statements……..
return value (if required)
3
When to use classes in Python

● When you need to represent a real-world object, such as a person, car, or

animal.
● When you need to work with complex data structures, such as graphs,
trees, or networks.
● When you need to implement complex algorithms, such as sorting or
searching algorithms.
● When you need to create a library or package that other programmers can
use.
Abstraction

● The concept of hiding, or removing.

● The concept of generalization.
● The concept of idea versus reality

Source: https://thevaluable.dev/abstraction-type-software-example/
Define a dog object
Abstraction of dog object
Abstraction of dog object
Abstraction of dog object
Declaring Objects (Also called instantiating a class)
Practice time

Bank Account Class

Considering the previous Python code for a class for a bank account. Modified the
class to have the following attributes:

Account number (a string)

Balance (a float)
Owner name (a string)

An include the following method:

Print statement: prints a statement showing the account number, owner name, and
current balance.
Practice time
Student Class
Write a Python class for a student. The class should have the following attributes:

Student ID (an integer)

First name (a string)
Last name (a string)
List of grades (a list of integers)
The class should have the following methods:

Add grade: adds a specified grade to the list of grades.

Calculate average grade: calculates and returns the average grade for the student.
Print transcript: prints a transcript showing the student ID, first name, last name, list of grades, and
average grade.
Read for the next class

What are abstractions in software engineering with examples


Q&A
Every question is welcome be
free to express your thoughts
TAKEAWAYS
● Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a
programming approach that uses the concept of
objects to hold data and code together.
● In Python, classes are used to create objects with
similar attributes and behaviors.
● A class is defined using the 'class' keyword, followed
by the class name and a colon. The class body
contains the attributes and methods for the class.
● Attributes are variables that hold data for each
object, and methods are functions that perform
operations on the object's data.
● When an object is created, it is called an instance of
the class. The 'self' parameter is used to refer to the
instance within the class.
● Objects can interact with each other through their
methods, and inheritance can be used to create new
classes that inherit attributes and methods from a
parent class.
Gracias!!!
Thank you
감사합니다