DB _fecctins f cection > Electvolyscs \ Slectrochiinkeal colt w ; ee 7 : mp clecholysle + chambre clecomportticn go electrolyte by pasting ect aarent B trough & = 7 .. MBelectolytes : are tenpounaly whith conduct: eledtrithy ta, nition or bgeniy state y: due_to presetice 9 riobile dent > — aha ctiveckdlrrent- paste, through Gm electrolyte, a cemtecl © 2 change takes place : i L when curren pasted trouph a conductor rb chemital change ther “4 place > _ electrolytes inchude + 3 t. molten conte compourdt 5 xe agueous tani carpouncy = se aghews alls s . = = — > — = = = sf 2. - = ‘Scanned with CamSeanner| Metal Alloys Grape Suactorce | Electrolyte | Conductor _| Nave. Lladeticd unte| | ieee low concentrotion of. bs we es deve prevence mobile tins | lotion Spur | | lot eampaund ron-toeal | {soit nace | fo eat a metal on a0 allef $8 ol Na a | a metal = AO, wy “ metal compurd £ a coh = aco, + H,0 a Calo, &_thsoluble: & etharol cog) | is wot an atl, covalert lardig |= _| sugar seloon | a mbckure a «pure etarefe add | “u pure means to wale. wf cHtco tt cagy | precence.gy mebite tant 4 gropitte vw enly non-metal that endwcts |. s[metten mercury | vw | metal 4 | | s = = t . = | electrolytic cell s He apparatus ih whith electrolyed? tt cared cut = = = electrode th an eletrolyté cell _an x anode: a positively charged oxidation toler place here - | cathode : a 1a negatively darged eletocle th an 1 electri cele rel oe reducklon takes place here a @- ‘Scanned with CamSeannerDale: 22/0o[20 »—— 7 - - i |;}______— _____—— = ee Lo eo cathode ZS > SDS cetaytéT Ss = — — Batanceg Hap dente oatins. eee __ = Nat —— Na = Nat — Na, aS _ Py 2 tet tho electrons where He ___ =a tre” > Me oan eurge te fercer ___ = = =: ; s6 TT |b ‘Scanned with CamSeannerMno,~' +84? —> Mn" +ht,0 27 bea + F2 wt -2 Mn No, +2H* —> No, + 4.0 PF *Y —2 fh -2 4 redve hon — 5 OE Ne > NN” i too No, t 2H te —> NO, + HO ‘Scanned with CamSeannerDeate: 26/0 feo : 2° 44? —> 0, +2H.0 —_— — Woe s soe 2 . : Feclochbr 6 Se _ + Fe?*? —» fe® - Coxtdalln harahe ha! wese) + NO, HOH? ==> WH,” + 34,0 a + =e yf -2 Teduchion Nt? ¢8e—> _N* No,~ + lou” + Be ==» NHy” + 34,0 no, +_Ho ——» No," +37 Fl 43-2 rs +5 -2 ne Z Caellatzon 3 w -« we > N +2e + 3H? + 26° HNO, + H,o ——> NO, fone —>2H,0 + ° SEPP EST 79 TELE F ES9 4 we oxklaton > 7 2 - —»>0O + 4e 2 20 = 40H > 20,0 + ig we mae, : _ . v = ‘Scanned with CamSeanneranode: oxddabion : bass cbectrons Ande 1 ———> e- __“product- rile) cathode + reauchiin : gate G onygen. Cathode» ——?__ Creactant ee) Case 2 + Eltetrolylt 9 Pdute ageous solution Etectrolyit ate 8: eles f Cnuptrated splat abr — A Case 41 HecriyS g ate cedrade a2 eeciplatg | Cas &: Plecrochenital Coll Gass bi Beate g Halen tk be cape [ ee ee ee eee a ; — 7 molten Not Ty Note —> Na" + a” ft ter = - 5 i pl fnode : 206" ——> , ¢ Je frega. New Cattede: Nat +e —? Na Compete 9 wysttem & bib Ge we have to beep Nace molten) ‘Scanned with CamSeannerQ._metten. Al, 0, 440, —> At* + 4070 hate 2077 = 9 2 Cathode: Al?* pe > dM Ss $e a 5 Q_motten. Lead CU) bramble * [Pobr,] Ye ee = nade 2 287 Br 2 DP Othode: Pb?" + 2e°—> Pb’ SS d ls x ge Ub dd ddd) Ld ‘Scanned with CamSeannerDate: 28ftof20 il Rule: Tieton whith § tower weakly series the discharge: cenveratn from charged partile to a. muctrat partiile Weerate + a deposft Gast produced a solkel forms and stihs to electrode art—dqda als S Ie both pottie fons wil oto toca cathe ancttolh acgette ne. ow will piove_tewardd anode £ te pertve_tor_and tte negate tn twit fellow the nee © € | 2. € S Anions * € Tt eat forever 4 é tendancy | SBOPEE step | tenancy {tendancy € bo form tons | oy never fo fom _« therentes ae can on. tetea- 4 Br bbteln | -ces s tendany 70 Ios § eth charge eG t decreases t readiotty Srereares 8 ‘ OT these Bn nuer didbarge (a_ageous colubiors LB ‘ ih_reacbiotiy. 4 RE ARREA ‘Scanned with CamSeanneree q Date; fq 22@ $$. “DQ. dilute Nact = bent “> fie Nau —> Nal +a” a Do > or tH _ __ > S = bos. bnode: 40H ——> 2H,0 +2, + te: mas Cet + oes opine coll ckepottied at LAs macs furan + clorleis gas onygen Wteratel A —? 2HoO +E +t 4fe~ anode ___ ee p2e7 Cw __ + solution peames adi J mation. gH, ‘Scanned with CamSeanner|_@. atte Agno, No, —> Ho —> HH” cathode: Mgt +e" —> Ag i e “greys elver_metat deported a cathocle brian increased = Pi +O, gas Iiberated at anode “ + solution becomes cult Y mation 8) HNO, : € ¢ 4 ‘ ©°Y). concentrated Nac a Nace ——>.Nat + _ Kibns solute Lo haw nablo HO treat te. p OH lay caktay fo 14> hoga ‘ ld Anode: - 2h iy — A, fi 2e- Cottode : fH tee >, __. ‘Scanned with CamSeannergat Uberated at cabtede Cedlerkers) | 4 De, gas Wberated at anode G yellow) ltt becomes alkaline 4% g parma o. NaOH JUu ddd S 2 cone > entrated Zp Br, br, —> Zn?" br = 4,0 —> HH" + on” = TD amede + 2B > br ¢ 2E . ~ 2 b> > cathode : Zn21, + 2e —> Zn, = fri ak anede ,' solute turns redtlip Me ___ + Zn depostied en cathode & the mast Q) cathode ‘iureates . concentration J) the_eleckyp lle okerearet 4G) formation A mnore + O = = anode: 40H —? 2H,0 +0, 4 te” — + = = Cathode : 2H" + Zé A, — 3° 0, gat Wherated at onoce 2 HY gan Uberated at cathode S ‘Scanned with CamSeannerQD. concentrated AgNO, ‘ AgNO, —> Ag? + No,” on 40 —> Ht pone = < = q = anode: 10H” —> 24,0 +0, + 4e7 a cathode: Agrtpe —> x 49. w - ' 0, gas Ubeated at ande _ ¢ + stery deport Chg) at cathecte 2% mate wercasts & * the electrolyte becomes ackelie 2G formatter VAL < we < Succrea TE | DiLuTe CONCENTRATED . Nac Ht Bowe Ht & Oo: ; Cutt,’ Qu": 0H at £a- . Ag, Sy Ag"? £ on 4g!" £ ow- Kr Ht £ 0H” Ht 2 Br Zn by H?_& on” _2e* fone Cat, Ht £ oH” Ht £a Mg £0, Ht & oH” a Ht: 8 Onn ee ‘Scanned with CamSeanner- oe ditute wat Nat = = _ - UL IL vt “OH” Suhel, mebr gay onwer ee ee b Be _ 4,0 —7 LH" + ton 4ou™ — 2,0 +0, + fe Yt 4 ge > 2H,0 ——? 2H, +O LDS ‘Scanned with CamSeannerSON nog electra fh bol He eguatiins should be the tame [ O nlaulabe eaelet af procuck- rE: nust- be done (u}- same _céehe wale cheezes add lardein aur opynttte wal? subract : (iz), (int kay “détcharge be source wale. ! —— —Q_concenntrated _Nact LL antidee : 2H" + Ze" —>H, a cated: 206 —> Ujr2e a = Natl —> 2Nat » 2¢¢~ = 2,0 —> 2H" + 2077 & DHT +26 — 3H « 27 —> a, + 2 Weta eens i eee € 2HL0 + 2NaCt —>.H, + Cl, t 2a?» 20/0~ ; 24 + 2Natk —> H+ CL, + 2NOOH ; Q. ditube CuSd, anode: 40H” —> 2,0 +0,+-7e H,0 —> H* +0H~ cathade : (Cu?* p 307 > Ge) 2. ae 2- CuSO, > ul" + C0, Ato —> but + how” 2 GS0, —> 2627 + 260,°~ 40H” —> 20 +0, + 4e% 2a * + fe ——> 2u _ Bho + 2bu5t, —> 2 Hig 2 agg 10, + 2 +H" + 250,27 ~ Ry tt Ll t 2H, (B® q@) a eq) ‘Scanned with CamSeannerDate: Yofoo » anodle : fo =» 21,0 +0, + Fe~ aatiede (tat re —> 49 Jt e ~ ~e > Se Q. concentrated AgNO, “eno, —> Mgt + No,” ~ HQ —» Hv? + On” > ~y ~~ ~ > = > ~ Ss Ss > 44gN0, —> 4AG7 + 40,” 4H,0 —> 4H? + 40M fo —> 2p +0,.+ the +e" —>» 449 4490, + 2H,0 ——> 14g +0, + 7H" 4 TNO, — HNO, 4tagMe. + 24,0 a 449 5 +9, a rt Cagy ° =” Sparticpate in electralele care _V can be copplied cattn G the electrolyte ancl anode: _ Bere electroder je the do nor fie _2 covet we ave been so “S are_of the same_metel : 3 _. 4. eo _cltcolver Ceomert tho 2nt) and same nc deport at catedle =o mae g grade _clecteary. 4 cathode nereares entraLon etectrolyte remaine wrchanged Tie dante g ‘Scanned with CamSeannersw metal jp be electropated : cathode & metal fHhd electyeplate banatat: anode. ¢ Ye. tt bac to ditsowe) CATHODE |: ELECTROLYTE CALE IV APPUCATIN | 49 AgNO; x a Ge Ag NOs = 3 Ag GO; ) x 3 22 Mg by ve a Ag Guy - 2 : eg Y te nig fp be electropated 1 fam eiwer ang + & at cathode + AgNo, electrolyte + fg ak anode —2 mas _@) ened deuenres & mass F anode: Ag, —> Age te cathode _Inereaces cathode + Agt pe” —> Ag, —> Gu rhg tb electroplated ath Ag ay) — ancentrathn 4. elecholyte remoiiar Gu electrode will be considered vert came “ & bs rot pactiepokrg th_oxn) —> gaphtte _£ platium _are_inert electrodes (normally) & carton. > any electrode not _partiipating in_the_ran tt thert Na entrated fam it ae by eecbretyset D ‘Scanned with CamSeannerw ~ Re rete: frp ___ “WG. Electroplating Fe key with Ge Sw Anode + Cu Electrolyte + Qe5Oy Cutt, | CL N,), “© cathode + Fe S - Cox plate: ~ moar of cathode Surcates & mate dy Ge bey) ~ Qnede : Gus ur? ite Giinle cledeates color my ciltode + Cu?" + Zen Gu Pearce Gp ebectrolyte remain Me Corre =F by electropated unt Cu “pt fe electrode i therk — phat soli) Aeposdle at bey d bb me inpre tt — 6 wore morro lst at arede 2 jeccer mace gained: at queda —s Ginpaptied be wrafo. fay) ~ age Rg ‘Scanned with CamSeannerOG pwe Ce te uted at anode + |G lace tomate at anade ;2 equat te gab th more_at cathode Brercate ta pnawt ae 0. dewease_ie matt of ancde_ i Alp 729. andl. ~_ cathode ft 509 , fibd f.age purity of cgpper ere apace Gd. pore _ anode ae sag ———— a S f age purtly = 56 X100_2 U4). irr a c Lage _inpurfty 2 20 Xloo 2 28-57/. L€ 7% c ¢ Fi ¢ taper fll _cgeoes_tdba hot etecti . A tee tae_metat_deporit horaha_ho fou etechoplatiog horobe hel? hae 6 “tenes 1,2,5,4 + D0 Chait supplied ¢ Cae 5: DC o poduced £ é Mase of Anode — Mac_of Cathode ( nase 7 tine tine ‘Scanned with CamSeannerw= ceuufbattory Wee curet & produced 7 8 case tay guts me cl yx tally rat? ep? Hanke fe cep he tettery jal Requirements: dddddd TB G2). comect_them wih a_wite ED. we ctitute ageou solution 9 ony electrolyte 4 kbutb Upht tavay t0 current: produce ddd ddd dj did a \d | 9 5 in N 8 3 7 8 3 | eles eS more reactive metal wit Miivolve Ceonvert into_ ons) > eleckrors produce wttt travel towards _lere reactite metal are th as reackive_metol will become negatively. charged. Wy flow 9) thee eteckons fram rare reative jo tert redckive metal ad eleebrle_ urrent wa metals are_for apart oS pecuced _—— * @ 0, the reactlrty centes , higher voltage tr ‘Scanned with CamSeanner—ve_termbal | & current- flows from ive 1 gre terminal + electrons flew fio -ve terminal W ve terminal, (produced 1 ) om pve _terminas Creep tod es) a vat 7 = | pola [ Canit_ we emede-tolbede it hh axe) S | Diute Nact T/ Cine -ve ane A coluttn Hay % teres © Mg —> 97? + De £ < 2H? yle > H, 7 é con only fravet firevgh @ eopdoctor — electrons never travel trough electrolyte , Hey > only the can travel thanigh electrolyte’ ~~ = pe _brlb_centumes energy from _cledvont te 00- electrons rematn fe __ sane = Q._Zn:-ve _terminas Ag: tve terméoal CB Zn —> Zn2? + 20° ., tae | LL , 2Hty 26° —> 9H, | om fo | Za eleckocte dbnclues (unum derenres) | patie nee ‘Scanned with CamSeannerd » ~ me Date: 13/20 = clettrahembat colt & exotherm®. Ye cletrbas enemgy db produced > Diegeam for pueseiiy sath collect gales. Eiibonl Ss Gee twhen yor wort collect gates feel rolysit 2 y Sy > > > = ~ 7 + ~ IF S Fitel_cell : — Fans elect rochemkab cet _u whe converte chemical enctgy wee nto off olf electrbad 5 GY — ee elechizal energy teypplied ~~ = electrolysis mein 2H,0 2H, t O, = mj fuel_cot_meln 21, 40, =F 4b Gy — elechical energy prcllce 3 FS NaOH cag) or HE» i uced as checkrolyte 23, Lhe 0 move sig partt are © aa) tno poetical ott) te pie ea : fb evelyp and 2 ond ah —— wp forte smButre with of Cf flavmrable than at) L>: reson enplorive Ime which mabes use very Mangeews _ 4 TT gy os [em eres ae 2 =n (B®) - . 5 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner=> 2 as low power fo yolume ated fae? G saga ethda lay ata bad our power ‘Scanned with CamSeanner