1

Name:MayAnnBr
andar
es Sect
ion:CSTE-
BSSCI
ED1C

Wor
ksheetI
X

I
.Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ionsbr
ief
ly.
1.Whati
sthedi
ff
erencebet
weenanear
thquakeandaf
aul
t?
Theear
thquakei
sthei
ntenseshaki
ngofourEar
th'
ssur
faceandt
hecause
ofi
t'
sshaki
ngi
sbyt
hemov
ement
sinourEar
th'
sout
ermostl
ayer
.Whi
l
e,f
aul
t
i
sthegent
lycur
vedf
ract
ure/
damagei
nther
ocksoft
heEar
th’
scr
ust
,wher
e
t
hecompr
essi
on/
tensi
onf
orcesar
ethecauseoft
he r
elat
ivel
ydi
spl
acement
oft
her
ocksont
heopposi
tesi
desoft
hef
ract
ure/
damagei
noursur
faceand
cr
ust
.

2.Di
ff
erent
iat
eear
thquakei
ntensi
tyandear
thquakemagni
tude.
Theear
tquakei
ntensi
tyi
smeasur
ed byhow t
heear
thquakest
rongl
y
i
mpact
s ata speci
fi
clocat
ion.Whi
l
e,t
he ear
tqauke magni
tude i
sthe
measur
ementoft
heener
gyandt
hesi
zei
mpact
/radi
atedbyt
heear
thquake.

3.Asdi
scussedi
ntheear
thquakehazar
dssect
ion,
whi
chi
s(ar
e)oft
hegr
eat
est
concer
nint
hemuni
cipal
i
tywher
eyoul
i
ve?Why
?
Thel
andsl
i
de,gr
oundshaki
ngbecauset
hisar
eai
sahi
l
lsi
de/
bumped
soi
l
s,wher
eitwi
l
lresul
ttodamageofmany i
nfr
ast
ruct
ure,t
hel
ostl
i
vesof
manypeopl
e af
fect
ed byt
he di
sast
er.Because,t
he gov
ernmenti
n our
muni
cipal
i
tycan'
tthataccomodat
eal
loft
hepeopl
e'
sneedi
nter
msoft
hei
r
damagehouses,st
uff
s,f
oodset
c..
.andt
hiert
empor
aryshel
ter
.Al
sot
he
gr
eat
estconcer
ninourmuni
cipal
i
tyi
sthef
ami
l
ywhol
ostoneoft
hierf
ami
l
y
member
sbecauseoft
hatgeol
ogi
cal
event
.

4.Twoci
ti
esar
est
ruckbyt
hesameear
thquake.Theci
ti
esar
ethesamesi
ze,
ar
ebui
l
tont
hesamet
ypeofgr
ound,andhav
ethesamet
ypesofbui
l
dings.
Theci
tyi
nwhi
cht
heear
thquakepr
oducedamaxi
mum i
ntensi
tyofVIont
he
Mer
cal
l
iScal
esuf
fer
ed1mi
l
li
oni
ndamage.Theci
tyi
nwhi
cht
heear
thquake
 2

pr
oducedamaxi
mum i
ntensi
tyofVI
Iont
heMer
cal
l
iscal
esuf
fer
ed50mi
l
li
on
i
ndamage.Whatmi
ghtaccountf
ort
hisgr
eatdi
ff
erencei
nthecost
soft
he
damage?
Forme,i
sthel
ocat
ionofeachbui
l
ding,t
hei
ntensi
tyl
evelal
sohav
ean
ef
fectoft
hedamage/
andcostoft
hecer
tai
npl
ace.Ev
ent
hought
heyar
ethe
samei
nsi
ze,bui
l
tinsamet
ypeofgr
oundandbui
l
dingsbutt
hei
ntensi
ty
i
mpactt
othei
rpl
ace/
locat
iont
hati
sther
easonwhyt
heot
herci
tyhav
emuch
hav
eagr
eat
erdamaget
hant
heot
herci
ty.Al
sof
ormei
thav
ethegr
eat
i
mpactal
sot
hest
rengt
hcapaci
ty/
dur
abi
l
ityoft
hemat
eri
alst
heyusedt
othe
bui
l
dingt
hathav
ethegr
eat
erdamage,i
tst
atest
hatt
heyar
ethesamet
ypes
ofbui
l
dingsbutt
hemat
eri
alsusedar
enotst
ated.

5.Thi
nkabouty
ourbedr
oom.Wr
it
edownasaf
epl
acei
nyourbedr
oom t
haty
ou
cangodur
inganear
thquake.Whati
syourear
thquakepl
an?I
siti
mpor
tantt
o
makeandpr
act
iceear
thquakepl
an?
Undermybed,/
undermyt
abl
ewher
ether
eIcango/
hidedur
ing an
ear
thquakeoccur
.Myear
thqaukepl
anbef
oreanear
thquakeIwi
l
lreadyago
bag(
impor
tantst
uff
s,f
oods,wat
er,et
c..
.)andpr
act
icet
heduck,cov
erand
seeky
oursel
fifIgoti
njur
edet
c..
.af
teranear
thquakeoccur
.Yes,i
tis
i
mpor
tantt
omakeandpr
act
icepl
ani
tisf
oroursaf
etyandf
orourf
ami
l
y.

I
I.Fi
l
lint
hechar
tbel
owt
oshowwhaty
oushoul
ddodur
inganear
thquake.

I
fyouar
e… Theny
oushoul
d…
I
nsi
deabui
l
ding Gogetundert
hedesk/
tabl
eand(
duck,cov
erhol
d).Or
mov
eint
oahal
l
wayoragai
nstani
nsi
dewal
l
.St
aycl
ear
oft
he wi
ndows,f
ir
epl
aces,and heav
yfur
nit
ure or
appl
i
ances.Andst
aycal
m.
When y
ou ar n Li
e i efacedownont
hegr
oundwi
thy
ourhandsony
our
out
door
s/out
side head,
farf
rom powerl
i
nesorf
ir
ehazar
ds.
 3

I
nacarorbus sl
owy
ourbusorcardownandl
ookf
oranopenar
eat
o
st
opandpul
lov
erassoonaspossi
ble.Av
oidpar
king
nearand underbr
idges,ov
erpasses,si
gns,bui
l
ding
ov
erhangs,powerl
i
nes,t
rees,oranyot
herhazar
dthat
mi
ghtf
allont
oyourcar
/bus.Tur
nof
ftheengi
ne,
sett
he
par
kingbr
akeandst
ayseat
-bel
tedi
nyourcarunt
ilt
he
ear
thquakei
sov
er.

I
II
.Mat
cht
hel
ayer
stot
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.

Li
thospher
e-madeupoft
hecr
ustandat
inybi
toft
heuppermant
le,t
hisl
ayeri
s
di
vi
dedupi
ntoconst
ant
lymov
ingpl
atesofsol
i
drockt
hathol
dthecont
inent
sand
t
heoceans.
Out
ercor
e-t
heonl
yli
qui
dlay
eroft
heear
tht
hisl
ayeri
smadeupmost
lyofi
ronand
ni
ckel
iti
slocat
edabout2000mi
l
esbel
owt
hesur
face
Cr
ust
-theear
th'
sout
ermostandt
hinnestl
ayer
,har
dandr
igi
d,andonl
yaf
ewmi
l
es
t
hickundert
heoceansandav
eragi
ng20mi
l
est
hickundert
hecont
inent
s.
 4

Mant
le-adensel
ayersubdi
vi
dedi
ntoupperandl
owerr
egi
onsmadei
fhot
,semi
sol
i
d
r
ockl
ocat
eddi
rect
lybel
owt
hecr
ustandabout1,
800mi
l
est
hick.
At
enospher
e-hot
,mal
l
eabl
esemi
l
iqui
dint
heuppermant
leonwhi
cht
hepl
atesof
t
hel
i
thospher
efl
oat
.
I
nnercor
e-Thei
nner
mostl
ayer
,ext
remel
yhotandsol
i
d,composedofmost
lyi
ron
andni
ckel
.

I
V.Label
thel
ayer
soft
heear
thbel
ow.

Mant
le

I
nnerCor
e

Cr
ust
Out
erCor
e