ECOSYSTEM: BIODIVERSITY

Match the following description to the

key terms found below.
 15 million
8.7 million

5.1 million

thousands 4,000 209

Biodiversity
The Philippines is
regarded as one of the 17
known megadiverse
countries- has the richest
diversity of species and a
remarkable abundance of
endemic species.
Activity 1. Benefits
of Biodiversity
Benefits of Biodiversity
• Biodiversity increases the stability of
ecosystem.
• Biodiversity increases resilience of
ecosystems providing them with more
strength to recover/bounce back after
something happens.
• Biodiversity benefits agriculture.
• Biodiversity provides an environment rich
with medicines and related products.
• Biodiversity benefits the economy by
generating money through tourism and
recreation.
Types of Biodiversity
Activity 2. Identify which type of diversity is
shown in the image.

Genetic Diversity Ecosystem Diversity

Species Diversity Genetic Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity Ecosystem Diversity
RECAP
Biodiversity

• is a measure of variation at
the genetic, species, and
ecosystem level.
Threats to Biodiversity
Survival and Adaptation

• Survival- the state or fact of continuing to live or exist

• Adaptation- is a mutation or genetic change, enabling
organisms or species to survive.
Type of Adaptation
ACTIVITY 3. Identify which type of
adaptation is describe by each scenario.
How do biodiversity affect
stability of an ecosystem?
KEY TERMS
 “Biodiversity benefits people in many
ways. It can be of economical,
ecological, and aesthetical value. It also
affects the stability of an ecosystem: the
greater the biodiversity, the more
chances that stability can be attained in
an ecosystem.”
Population Growth and
Density
What is Population?
 A School
of Tilapia

A Gang of
Tamaraw
Factors that causes population to change

I N C R E A S E D I N P O P U L AT I O N • D E C R E A S E D I N P O P U L AT I O N

Thus, if the birth rate is greater than the death rate, a population will
grow. If the death rate is greater than the birth rate, then the population
will decrease.
There are several processes that occur simultaneously that can affect
population size and dynamics.
First, population size is influenced by the per capita population
growth rate, which is the rate at which the population size changes
per individual in the population.
This growth rate is determined by the birth, death, emigration, and
migration rates in the population.
When the per capita growth rate remains constant, the population can
experience exponential growth followed by exponential decline.
Interestingly, Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to realize
that high rates of population growth can cause massive mortality
events – he related this to evolutionary changes in heritable traits or
genes.
The maximum per capita growth rate for a population is called
the intrinsic rate of increase.
While populations would probably to
continue to grow in size, a population of
organisms cannot grow forever—its growth
will be limited, or stopped, at some point,
and the death rate will be greater than the
birth rate.
A population’s growth is limited by two
general factors: density-independent
factors and density dependent factors.
As a population grows in an area, a population may
experience the effects of increased densities.
In a given area, is the maximum population size of the species
that the environment can sustain is called the carrying
capacity.
Carrying capacity is determined by the amount of available
resources (food, habitat, water).
As the density of individuals in a population increases, these
individuals must begin competing for limited resources with
each other (same species, or intra-specific competition) or
with other species (inter-specific competition).
If the population grows indefinitely, less and less resources
will be available to sustain the population.
To understand why scientists named these factors in
the way they did, of you must first understand the
concept of population density.
Population density refers to the number of persons
per unit area and is derived simply by dividing the
total area population/unit land area.
If a population’s density is very high, that means there
are a lot of organisms crowded into a certain area.
If a population’s density is low, that means there are
very few organisms in an area.
Limiting Factors
2 Types of limiting factors
 Density-dependent limiting
factors
• Density-dependent
limiting factors
Competition
When packed
together organisms
must fight for all
types of resources
(food, water,
sunlight, space)
Occurs within
species and
between species
 Parasitism and Disease
• Parasites take
nourishment at the
expense of their hosts
and like diseases, are
more numerous in
dense populations
• Examples: bacteria,
tapeworm, mistletoe,
leach, Cymothoa exigua
(parasitic crustacean)
Density-independent limiting factors
• Density-independent
limiting factors
CARRYING CAPACITY
Before a population reaches its carrying
capacity, it experiences a period of rapid
growth.
This period of growth is called
exponential population growth.
During this period, there are plenty of
resources available for all organisms, so
more births are recorded than deaths in
organisms.
When resources are unlimited, populations exhibit (a) exponential growth, shown in a J-
shaped curve. When resources are limited, populations exhibit (b) logistic growth. In
logistic growth, population expansion decreases as resources become scarce, and it levels
off when the carrying capacity of the environment is reached. The logistic growth curve is
S-shaped.