3rd Science Module 7

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Holy Cross Institute of Sta. Cruz, Lubao, Pampanga, Inc.
Sta. Cruz, Lubao, Pampanga
045-971-6439 | holycrossinstitutepampanga@gmail.com
Science 7
Quarter 3- Module 1:
Descriptors of Motions
What I Need to Know
You observe a lot of moving objects every day. Some objects move along a straight
line like a car traversing the highway while other objects move in circles like a rotating disk.
Because you experience motion on a daily basis, you may find it ordinary and unnecessary
to learn. In Physics, however, learning about motion requires understanding of the
quantities related to it. These quantities include distance or displacement, speed or
velocity, and acceleration.
This module provides you with the essential concepts and activities necessary to
describe motion along a straight path and in terms of position, distance, and speed. You
will learn to interpret and analyze motion of objects through charts, diagrams and graphs.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the point of reference of an object; and
2. differentiate the distance and displacement covered by an object
What I Know
Directions: Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write the letter of your
choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which refers to the length of the entire path travelled by an object?

A. Displacement
B. Distance
C. Motion
D. Time
2. Which refers to the shortest distance between to object’s two positions?

A. Displacement
B. Distance
C. Motion
D. Time
3. The change in position over an interval of time is called .

A. Displacement
B. Distance
C. Motion
D. Time
4. The distance travelled by an object, how fast the object is travelling, and the
direction in which the object travels to, is measured with respect to .
A. Motion
B. Distance
C. Displacement
D. Reference Point
5. If an object is in motion, it changes position relative to its .

A. Time
B. Angle
C. Speed
D. Reference Point
6. Displacement can be equal to distance when .

A. object is in circular motion.
B. path travelled is a straight line.
C. ball is rolling on an inclined plane.
D. car is travelling on the road upward.
7. Which of the following describes the distance covered by an object?

A. 5 s
B. 8 m
C. 10 m/s
D. 12 m, North
8. Which of the following shows the displacement travelled by an object?

A. 9 s
B. 18 km
C. 27 km/h
D. 36 km, South
9. All of the following are the materials used in measuring the distance covered by an
object EXCEPT .
A. Ruler
B. Timer
C. Meter stick
D. Measuring tape
10.Ethan claims that the house where he lives is actually constantly moving. Which of
the following points of references do you think will best support his claim?
A. Earth
B. Floor
C. House
D. Sun
11. When is an object considered to be in motion?
I. When its position changes with respect to a point of reference.

II. When its distance changes with respect to a point of reference.
III. When its direction changes with respect to a point of reference.
A. I, II, and III
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
12.Jeofrey walked 300 m East from home to visit Mattheus. He then walked another 500
m East to fetch Jhen and both of them walked 300 m West to watch the birds. Which
of the following statements is true?
A. Jeofrey went home.
B. Jeofrey has travelled a total distance of 1,000 m.
C. Jeofrey’s displacement is shorter than the total distance he has travelled.
D. Jeofrey’s displacement is zero if he has travelled 700 m West together with
Jhen.
13. Which of the following is true about an object that travels 5 meters to the left, then
another 5 meters to the right?
A. The displacement of the object is equal to 10 meters.
B. The displacement of the object is equal to 10 meters, right.
C. The total distance travelled by the object is equal to 10 meters.
D. The total distance travelled by the object is equal to 10 meters, right.
14. Jenelene was asked by her science teacher if an object’s displacement can be
longer than distance. She answered no. Is Jenelene’s answer correct?
A. Yes, displacement can be longer to the distance.
B. No, displacement is the total length covered by an object in motion.
C. Yes, displacement is the longest length between two object’s point of origin and
its point of destination.
D. No, displacement is the shortest length between two object’s point of origin and
its point of destination.
15.Leah, an aspiring athlete, runs the oval. The oval has a total length of 1500 meters.
She always finished running 2 laps as part of her daily routine. Is it true that her
total displacement is 3000 meters, East?
A. No, because her total displacement is equal to zero.
B. Yes, because she finished 2 laps which is equal to 3000 meters.
C. No, because her total displacement should be 3000 meters, West
D. Yes, because her displacement is equal to her total distance covered.
Lesson
Distance and Displacement
1
What’s In
How an object moves is described relative to something else. Before you will be
able to describe the motion of an object, you must first be able to tell exactly where it is
positioned. Describing exact position entails two ideas: a) describing how far the object is
from the point of reference and, b) describing its direction relative to that point of
reference. In other words, the distance travelled by an object, how fast the object is
travelling, and the direction in which the object travels to, are measured with respect to a
point of reference.
In a general sense, you can say that motion is accompanied by a series of

movements. That is, for an object to be in motion, it must move from its initial position to
a final position. How do you scientifically describe the motion of an object?
What’s New
Activity 1. Introduction to Motion

Directions: Study the picture and answer the succeeding questions. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
A ball rolls rightward towards the tree while the car moves leftward towards the same
tree.
Figure 1. The ball and the car moving toward the tree.
Illustrated by Glenn Frey L. Pepito
Guide Questions:
Directions: Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. How far originally is the car from the tree?

2. Before they started moving, what is the original distance between the car and
the ball?
3. If the car moves a distance of 2 meters in one second, how far will it be from the
tree after 5 seconds?
4. Suppose the ball covers a distance of 1 meter in one second, how much distance
can it cover in 5 seconds?
What is It
Motion of an Object
In the illustration above, you could say that both the ball and car moved with
respect to something else that is considered to be not moving- the tree. You know that the
ball moved because its position has changed from its initial position to the location of the
tree after some time has passed. The same can be said of the car. The location of an object
at any particular time is its position. An object is moving if it changes position relative to
a reference point after a passage of time.
Figure 2. A car in motion

Suppose you take the 0 m-mark at time t = 0 s as the point of reference in figure 2.
After 2 seconds, the car travelled a distance of 20 meters. However, if you take the 20 m-
mark as a point of reference, you will find that the car will cover a distance of 10 meters
after a second. Generally, you are free to choose whichever point of reference you favor
but most would choose the origin (starting point or position at t = 0 s) for convenience.
Objects that are fixed relative to Earth such as a tree, building, or post make good points
of reference.
To fully describe motion, you need to describe first the object’s position. Before the
car moves towards the tree, the car was in its starting position. Upon reaching the tree, the
car has changed its position. Its new position was in front of the tree. How far has the car
moved? The car has moved 30 meters. The distance an object moves is the total length of
path travelled from its initial position to its final position. It refers to how much ground the
object has covered during its motion.
The description of an object’s motion often includes more than just the distance it
covers. If the distance between the car and the tree is 30 meters, then the distance travelled
by the car is 30 meters. But imagine that the car moved back to its initial position from
the tree. This time, the car has travelled a total distance of 60 meters but the car ended up
in its same starting point. Even though the car has moved a total distance of 60 meters, its
displacement is 0 meter. Displacement is the object’s overall or net change in position. It
refers to how far out of place an object is from its initial position.
If you only describe the car’s initial movement, then the distance travelled and the
displacements are the same which is 30 meters. But if you describe the back- and-forth
movements of the car, the distance and displacement are different. In describing distance,
only the magnitude or size (amount) of the distance travelled is considered. However, in
describing displacement, both the magnitude of the change in positions and the direction
of the movement are considered. As such, distance is a scalar quantity while displacement
is a vector quantity.
Take a look at other illustration below.
Figure 3. A ball at the 0 m position.

A ball is rolled 2 meters to the right, then rolled 1 meter to the left. It is again rolled
2 meters to the right. During the course of this motion, the ball has covered a total distance
of 5 meters (2 m + 1 m + 2 m = 5 m). However, the ball’s displacement is 3 meters to the
right or 3 meters East [2 m, East + 1 m, West + 2 m, East= 3 m, East].
In this case, add the magnitude of the same directions.

2 m, East + 2 m, East = 4 m, East
Then, subtract the magnitude of opposite directions and follow the direction of the
bigger magnitude.
4 m, East – 1 m, West = 3 m, East
Note that direction is present when describing the displacement of an object or

body.
POINTS TO REMEMBER:
✓ In solving for the distance, get the sum of all the magnitude of the object in
motion.
✓ In solving for the displacement, get the sum of the magnitude of the same
directions. Then, subtract the magnitude of opposite directions and follow
the direction of the bigger magnitude.
What’s More
Activity 2. How far?

Directions: Study the illustrations below showing the displacement and distance
covered by the dog.
Figure 5. A dog showing its total distance and displacement covered.

Source: DepEd Grade 7 LM
Guide Questions:
Directions: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
5. What is the starting point of the dog?

6. Define point of reference in your own words.
7. What is the distance covered by the dog from point A to point D?
8. What is the displacement of the dog?
9. Suppose the dog goes back to point A as its final position, what will be its
displacement?
10. It is possible to get zero displacement? When can displacement be equal to
zero?
11. Suppose the dog travels only from point A to point B, What will be its total
distance covered? How about its displacement?
12. When can displacement be equal to distance?
13. Can displacement be greater than distance? Why or why not?
14. Give one difference between distance and displacement based on the given
example.
What I Have Learned
Directions: Read the paragraph carefully and identify the word from the box that will
complete each sentence correctly. Write your answers in your activity
notebook.
Distance Moving Motion

Reference point Add Displacement
Direction Difference Destination
is defined as the change in position over an interval of time with

respect to a reference object. An object is said to be when it has
travelled a certain distance from the reference point, or it is displaced from the reference
point. In other words, the distance travelled by an object, how fast the object is travelling,
and the direction in which the object travels to, are measured with respect to a .
is a scalar quantity. It has magnitude but no direction. To get the total

distance travelled by a body, all we have to do is all the distances
travelled. On the other hand, displacement, a vector quantity for it has both magnitude and
, is the between two positions.
Moreover, distance does not always follow a straight line unlike with displacement
that always follows a straight line. measures the length of
the straight line that connects the object’s point or origin and its point of
while distance measure’s the length of the path travelled by the object.
What I Can Do
Directions: Elaborate the Filipino quote below and relate it to the concept on the
importance of specifying the reference point when describing the distance
and displacement covered by an object. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
“Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan, ay

hindi makakarating sa paroroonan”- Anonymous
Rubrics
Needs
Excellent Strong (4 Fair
Improvement
(5 points) points) (3 points) (2 points)
Main ideas are Main ideas are Main ideas are Main ideas are
clear and well- clear but are not somewhat not clear.
supported by well-supported by clear.
Content
detailed and detailed
accurate information.
information.
Information is Information is Information is Information is
relevant and relevant but not somewhat not relevant.
Organization
presented in a presented in a relevant.
logical order. logical order.
Assessment
Directions: Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write the letter of your choice
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which refers to the length of the entire path travelled by an object?
A. Displacement
B. Distance
C. Motion
D. Time
2. Which of the following describes displacement?

A. It has direction only.
B. It has magnitude only.
C. It lacks magnitude and direction.
D. It has both the magnitude and direction.
3. Which of the following measures the length of the straight line that connects the
object’s point or origin and its point of destination?
A. Motion
B. Distance
C. Displacement
D. Point of reference
4. Which of the following shows a distance covered by an object?

A. 15 s
B. 20 m
C. 10 m/s
D. 5 m East
5. Which of the following best differentiates distance from displacement?

A. Distance is a vector quantity while displacement is a scalar quantity.
B. Distance always follows a straight line while displacement does not always
follow a straight line.
C. Distance is the total length of the entire path travelled by an object while
displacement is the shortest distance between the object’s two positions.
D. Displacement is the total length of the entire path travelled by an object
while distance is the shortest distance between the object’s two positions.
For numbers 6-12, analyze the illustration given below and answer the questions.
Figure 6. Reference point of the car, the ball and house.

6. What is the position of the car with the house as its reference point?
A. – 10 m
B. 0 m
C. 40 m
D. 50 m
7. What is the position of the ball with the house as its reference point?
A. 0 m
B. 10 m
C. 20 m
D. 40 m
8. How far is the car from the ball?
A. The car is 30 meters to the left of the ball.
B. The car is 20 meters to the left of the ball.
C. The car is 30 meters to the right of the ball.
D. The car is -10 meters to the right of the ball.
9. If the ball moves from its position to the 30-meter mark, what is its
displacement?
A. 0 m
B. 10 m
C. 20 m
D. 30 m
10.Suppose the car moved 20 meters to the right, then turned 10 meters back to the
left. What are its distance travelled and its displacement?
A. The distance will be 30 meters and the displacement will be 0.
B. The distance will be 20 meters and the displacement will be 10 m, right.
C. The distance will be 30 meters and the displacement will be 10 m, right.
D. The distance will be 10 meters and the displacement will be 10 m, right.
11.Assume that the ball moved to the house and rolled back to its original
position, how far would the ball travel and what would be its displacement?
A. The distance and the displacement of the ball from its reference point
would be both 40 meters.
B. The distance and the displacement of the ball from its reference point
would be both 0 meter.
C. The distance of the ball from its reference point will be 40 meters and its
displacement would be 0 meter.
D. The distance of the ball from its reference point will be 0 meter and its
displacement would be 20 meters.
12.Assume that the car moved to the house and moved back to its original
position, what would be its distance and its displacement?
A. The distance travelled and the displacement of the car would be both 100
meters.
B. The distance travelled by the car will be -10 m and its displacement
would be 40 m.
C. The distance travelled by the car will be zero and its displacement would be
100 meters.
D. The distance travelled by the car will be 100 meters and its displacement
would be zero.
13.If the position of an object is not changing, what do you think does this indicate
about its displacement?
A. The displacement is zero.
B. The displacement is lesser than the distance.
C. The displacement is greater than the distance.
D. The displacement is the same with the distance travelled by an object.
14. Glenn was asked by his science teacher if an object’s displacement could be
shorter than distance. He answered yes. Is Glenn’s answer correct?
A. Yes, displacement is always equal to zero.
B. No, displacement is the total length covered by an object in motion.
C. No, displacement is the longest length between two object’s point of
origin and its point of destination.
D. Yes, displacement is the shortest length between two object’s point of
origin and its point of destination.
15. Is it correct to say that our house is constantly moving when its reference point is the
sun?
A. No, the house will only move when an earthquake occurs.
B. No, the house as the reference point is not affected by the sun.
C. Yes, since the house is placed on the Earth’s ground where the sun is
constantly moving.
D. Yes, since the house is placed on the ground where the Earth is
constantly moving around the sun.
Additional Activities
Activity 3. Measuring Distance and Displacement

Objective: To measure and determine displacement of a 10-centavo coin
Materials: 10 centavo-coin, centimeter ruler paper
Procedures:
1. Place a 10-centavo coin on the number line with the center of the 10-centavo coin at
the position marked zero.
2. Draw a circle around the inside of the 10-centavo coin.
3. Mark the center of this circle with the letter I for the word "initial" position of the coin.
4. Move the coin 8.0 cm to the right. Draw a circle and mark its center with 1.
5. Move the coin again to 2.0 cm to the left. Draw a circle and mark its center with 2.
6. Move the coin for the third time to 3.0 cm to the left. Draw a circle and label this
circle F for the "final" position of the coin.
Guide Questions:
1. What was the initial position of the coin?
2. What is the final position of the coin?
3. What is the distance travelled by the coin?
4. What is the displacement of the coin?
What I Need to Know
Hello! How are you? Have you observed the road signs near your school zone? Have
you seen signs like “School Zone” and “Speed limit: 20km/h.” What do these signs mean?
In lesson 1 of this module, you were able to describe the motion of an object in
terms of distance and displacement. Distance and displacement answers the question, “How
far did the object travel?” After determining how far the object moves, the next question in
describing motion will be “How fast did the object move?”
This lesson will help you understand how fast an object moves quantitatively
through its speed, velocity and acceleration.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. define speed, velocity and acceleration;
2. differentiate instantaneous speed and constant speed; and
3. solve problems involving speed and velocity.
What I Know
Direction: Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write the letter of your choice
1. Which of the following is defined as the displacement covered per unit time?
A. Acceleration
B. Displacement
C. Speed
D. Velocity
2. Which of the following is a unit of speed?

A. Meter
B. Second
C. Meter/Second
D. Meter/Second/Second
3. What is shown when you look at the speedometer in a moving car?
A. Average speed
B. Average acceleration
C. Instantaneous speed
D. Instantaneous acceleration
4. Which of the following is defined as the change of velocity per unit time?
A. Acceleration
B. Displacement
C. Distance
D. Velocity
5. Which of the following statements refers to velocity?
A. I only
B. II only
C. II and III only
D. II, III and IV only
For questions 6 and 7, refer to the table below. Data were obtained from a 200-meter dash
competition.
Female Recorded Male Recorded
Athlete Time Athlete Time
1 26.5 s 1 22.4 s
2 26.1 s 2 21.9 s
3 25.3 s 3 23.0 s
4 26.7 s 4 22.6 s
6. Which of the following statements is/are true?

I. The female athletes are as fast as the male athletes.
II. The male athletes are faster than the female athletes.
III. The fastest athlete has a recorded time of 26.7 seconds.
IV. Compared to the speed of the fastest male athlete, the average speed
of the fastest female athlete is slightly less.
A. II and IV only
B. III and IV only
C. I, II and III only
7. How do you compute for the average speed of each athlete?

A. Divide the recorded time of travel by 200 meters.
B. Divide 200 meters by the recorded time of travel.
C. Multiply 200 meters by the recorded time of travel.
D. Divide 200 meters by twice the recorded time of travel.
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the object moving with
constant speed?
A. The object is not accelerating
B. The speed of the object is equal to zero.
C. The distance travelled by the object increases uniformly.
D. The speed of the object remains the same all throughout the travel
9. What is the speed of a moving vehicle in going upward in an inclined road?

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. The same
D. Both increasing and decreasing
10. A moving jeepney is approaching an intersection. What should a responsible driver

do?
A. I only
B. III only
C. II and III only
D. III and IV only
For question 11, refer to the table below.

RUNNER DISTANCE TIME ( s)
S (m)
W 70 10
X 80 10
Y 95 10
Z 105 10
11. Who among the runners had the greatest speed?

A. Runner W
B. Runner X
C. Runner Y
D. Runner Z
12. Which of the following situation/s exhibit/s accelerated motion?

I. A car travels 10km in 1hour.
II. A boy on his bike moves around a curve with a constant speed of 6km/h.
III. A girl initially running around 2km/h suddenly stops because of a truck.
IV. A man initially running at 7km/h E, moves west at the same speed of
7km/h.
A. II, III
B. I, II, III
C. II, III, IV
D. I, II, III, IV
13. Given the table below, which of the following statements about the learners’
speeds is true?
Learner Distance Travelled (m) Time (s)

Rhea 40 8
April 20 5
Stella 60 12
A. Stella >Rhea >April

B. Rhea =Stella <April
C. April <Stella =Rhea
D. April <Rhea >Stella
14. Edmar conducted an experiment on speed using his toy car. He listed all the data he
gathered in the table below. Upon analyzing his data, he concluded that toy car C is
the fastest among the four. Do you think his conclusion is correct?
TOY DISTANCE TIME ( s)

CAR (cm)
A 100 10
B 100 15
C 100 20
D 100 18
A. Yes, because its speed is 20m/s.

B. Yes, because it has the greatest time recorded.
C. No, because all the toy cars travelled the same distance.
D. No, because the fastest toy car is the one that took the least time.
15. Leigh was asked by her teacher how to solve the speed of an object. She said that to
solve for the speed of an object, one must multiply the distance travelled by the
recorded time of travel. Do you think her process is correct?
A. Yes, because multiplication is the way to solve for speed.
B. Yes, because she had all the needed data like distance and time.
C. No, because in solving for speed one must divide the distance travelled by the
recorded time of travel.
D. No, because in solving for speed one must add the recorded time and the
distance travelled.
Lesson
Speed, Velocity
2 and Acceleration
What’s In
Hello! In the previous lesson, you have learned that objects can be described by
measuring and identifying certain properties such as distance and direction. You have also
learned that motion involves a change in the position and passage of time. Hence, the
motion of objects can also be described by measuring the properties of distance and time.
Combining these measurements describe the three quantities of motion such as speed,
velocity, and acceleration.
Activity 1: Distance and Displacement

You walked 40 m east from your house to school. However, you forgot to bring your
books so you decided to return home. On your way back home 20 m due west, you met
your brother carrying the books you forgot. After receiving the books, you turned east and
walked an additional distance of 30 meters to reach your school. (1) What is the total
distance that you’ve walked? (2) What is your total displacement?
When you arrived at school, you found out that classes for that day were suspended.
You went back home through the same path. (3) What is the total distance you walked in
going to school and returning home? (4) What is your total displacement?
What’s New
Activity 2: Fun Walk

Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to gather data to determine
who walks the fastest.
Materials: stopwatch/timer, marker/chalk/any materials that can be used as marker
Procedure:
1. Start by choosing the participants for this activity. Invite your family members
who are able to walk to be your participants. Assign a recorder who will record
the data.
2. On a spacious place, mark the starting and finish lines on the ground.
3. Each participant will walk as fast as s/he can to reach the finish line. No running
is allowed.
4. The recorder will take note of the time each participant takes to finish the
straight course.
5. The participants will walk the course for a total of three tries.
6. You will compute for the average time it takes for each participant to finish the
course.
Guide Questions:
1. Who came out as the fastest among all the participants? What about the slowest
participant?
2. How did you determine the winners of the game/activity?
3. What quantities did you calculate to determine the winner?
4. How did you combine these quantities to determine how fast or slow the participants
walked?
What is It
What is Speed?
A description of how fast or slow an object moves is its speed. It is the rate at which
an object changes its location. Like distance, speed is a scalar quantity because it only
considers magnitude but not direction. Average speed is the distance travelled divided by the
time it takes to travel the distance. The SI unit of speed is meters per second (m/s), but other
units of speed such as kilometers per hour (km/h) or miles per hour (mph) are sometimes
used.
As an equation, speed is shown as:

d
=
t
where:
v = speed
d = distance covered t
= time of travel
Example 1
Elma Muros, the fastest female sprinter in Southeast Asia, can run a 200-m distance
course in 24.42 seconds. What is Elma’s speed?
Given: d = 200 m
t = 24.42 s
Find: v = ?
d
Solution:  =
t
 = 100m
 = 10.49s
9.53 m/s
What is Velocity?
Sometimes, describing the speed of the object requires direction. Velocity describes
the speed and direction of an object Velocity, like speed, has SI units of meters per second
(m/s), kilometers per hour (km/h), or miles per hour (mph) but because it is a vector, the
direction of the motion is included. Like speed, you can describe either the average velocity
over a time period or the velocity at a specific moment (instantaneous velocity). Average
velocity is displacement divided by the time over which the displacement occurs.
Thus,
d
=
where:
t int
v = velocity
d = displacement
tt = time interval
Example 2
Leighmar drove to the city to pick up a friend. She went 3000 km east in about 10
hours. Calculate her velocity.
vave d
Equation: =
t int
Solution: vave = d
vave = t int
vave 3000 𝑘𝑚,𝐸

=
10 ℎ𝑟
300 km/h, E
Constant Speed vs. Instantaneous Speed
In the earlier example, Leighmar drove at an average speed of 300 km per hour. In
her course of driving, it is possible that Leighmar’s speeds varied. There may be times that
she increased or decreased her speed at certain points in her travel.
However, it is also possible that Leighmar was neither speeding up nor slowing down.
Her driving speed would be the same the entire trip. If the car or any object
was moving over equal distances in equal periods of time, it would have a constant
speed. It is usually difficult to maintain a constant speed particularly in driving.
The speed at any specific instant is called the instantaneous speed. Similarly, the
velocity of a moving object is called the instantaneous velocity. The easy way to determine
the speed at any moment in a moving vehicle is through the speedometer.
Take a look at the dashboard of car or a jeep
when you ride in one of them. The circular gauge as
shown in Figure 1 is called a speedometer. A
speedometer is an instrument that determines the
instantaneous speed of a vehicle. Does the speedometer
always register the same speed? At a red light, the car
has a 0 km/h speed, and along the highway, its speed is
probably 80 km/h. Speedometers are important to the
drivers because they need to know how fast they are
going so they know if they are already driving beyond Fig. 1 Speedometer
the speed limit or not. Photo taken by
Leah Joy D. Walan
Speed limit is either a maximum or minimum speed allowed for vehicles. The
maximum speed limit in school zones is usually 20km/h. But in highways, vehicles are
required to run at a minimum speed of 60km/h. Drivers are required to observe the speed
limit for the safety of passengers and pedestrians.
Motion with constant velocity is very rare. In our daily trip to school, the traffic signals,
the stop lights, the turns, the bumps, and pedestrian crossing the street make us change
velocities. The vehicle we are in speeds up, slows down or changes directions. In addition,
on a roller coaster ride, passengers experience rapid changes in velocity. What type of
motion do these objects exhibit? What other measurement do you need to describe these
types of motion?
Acceleration
Drivers can change the speed and direction of the car depending on the need. They
can step on the gas pedal to increase the speed of the car. At times, they push on the brake
pedal to slow down or come to a stop. They can also turn the steering wheel to change the
direction of the car’s motion. You need two quantities to calculate velocity- speed and
direction. Changing either of these quantities or both changes the velocity of the object.
Another quantity to describe a change of motion is how much time elapsed while the
change was taking place. This is called acceleration.
Acceleration tells how fast an object or a body changes its velocity. An object is
accelerating when (a) it is travelling in one direction with changing speed (either speeding up
or slowing down), (b) moving at a constant speed but changes its direction, and (c) when it
changes both the speed and its direction. In other words, acceleration is the rate of change
in velocity. Slowing down is called deceleration. .
The SI unit of acceleration is meters per second per second (m/s/s) or it can be
mathematically simplified to meters per second squared (m/s2) but other units of
acceleration such as kilometers per hour per hour (km/h/h or km/h2) and miles per hour per
hour (mi/h/h or mi/h2) are sometimes used.
As an equation, acceleration is shown as:

𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝑎=
𝑡
where:
a = acceleration
vf = final velocity
vi = initialvelocity
t = time of travel
Examine the figure below showingthe velocity of the car changing.
Figure 2. The car moved from rest to 25 km/h in 5 seconds. What was the acceleration
of the car?
Illustrated by Leah Joy D. Walan
The diagram shows that the velocity of the car was 0 km/h at the start (initial
velocity). At the end of 1 s, the velocity was 5 km/h. At the end of 2 s, it was 10 km/h; at
the end of 3 s, 15 km/h; at the end of 4 s, 20 km/h; at the end of 5 s, (total time elapsed),
the velocity was 25 km/h (final velocity). In this case, the car’s speed is increasing an
average of 5 km/h in each second.
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
Solution: 𝑎=
𝑡
25km/h− 0km/h
𝑎=
5𝑠
25𝑘𝑚/ℎ
𝑎=
5𝑠
5𝑘𝑚
𝑎= /𝑠
ℎ
What’s More
Activity 3: Is It Accelerating or Not?

Directions: Study the diagram below and answer the questions the follow.
Diagram A: A rolling ball
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s
Guide Question:
5. Is the ball accelerating? Why or why not?
Diagram B: A jeepney travelling along mountainside
Source: SEDIP Physics Book
Guide Questions:
6. Describe the direction of the car’s motion in Diagram B.

7. Is the car accelerating? Why or why not?
Diagram C: A car travelling around the oval
Guide Questions:
8. Is the car changing its direction as it travels around the oval?

9. Is the car accelerating? Why or why not?
10. Based on the three diagrams, what are the conditions that should be present to say
that an object is accelerating?
Activity 4: It’s Solving Time!

Directions: Solve the following problems below involving speed and velocity. Show your
solution.
1. A bird can fly a distance of 250 miles in 5 hours. What is the average speed of the
bird ?
2. If you travel 300km in 6 hours, what is your average speed?
3. A jeepney moves along a straight road at an average speed of 10m/s. What is the
distance travelled by the jeepney in 2.5 s?
What I Have Learned
Directions: Answer the questions below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
11. What is speed?
12. How will you differentiate speed from velocity?
13. At constant distance, how is speed related to the time of travel?
14. At constant time of travel, how is speed related to the distance travelled?
15. Who is travelling faster, a person who covered 10meters in 5 seconds or the one
who took 10 seconds to cover 20 meters?
16. When can we say that an object is accelerating?
What I Can Do
Congratulations! You’ve done a great job! To apply what you have learned in this
module, do the next activity.
Road safety is an extremely necessary thing people should always bear in mind.
Safety along the roads can be maintained as long as everybody follows the traffic laws. One
of these traffic laws is the compliance to the different road signs and speed limits set by the
government. So what do these speed limits mean? Why is it important to follow these speed
limits? In the activity below, interpret the different speed limits in school zones and highways
as shown in the picture. Write your interpretation on a separate sheet of paper.
A B C
Source: Source: DepEd Science 7 LM

https://www.flickr.co
m/photos/ell-r-
brown/50203121727
Assessment
Directions: Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write the letter of your choice in
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following instruments is best used for measuring the time of moving
object?
A. Stop watch
B. Wrist watch
C. Alarm clock
D. Digital clock
2. Jay wants to measure the speed of his motorcycle. What instrument will he use?
A. Ammeter
B. Barometer
C. Speedometer
D. Voltmeter
3. Which of the following is an example of velocity?

A. 30 s
B. 30 m/s
C. 30 m, East
D. 30 m/s, East
4. Which of the following is the formula used for solving speed?

A. v= dt
B. v=d/t
C. v= t/d
D. v= d/t/t
5. Which of the following is defined as the distance covered per unit time?
A. Acceleration
B. Displacement
C. Speed
D. Velocity
6. Which of the following is NOT a unit of speed?

A. KPH
B. Miles/Hour
C. Meter/Second
D. Meter/Second/Second
7. What is shown when you look at the speedometer in a moving car?

A. Average speed
B. Average acceleration
C. Instantaneous speed
D. Instantaneous acceleration
8. Which of the following is defined as speed with direction?

A. Acceleration
B. Distance
C. Displacement
D. Velocity
9. Which of the following shows that an object is accelerating?

A. A cart moving at 5km/h.
B. A car changes velocity 5km/h in every second.
C. A cyclist moving with constant speed of 6km/h.
D. A car is moving at 10km/h going west along the highway.
10.The data below were obtained from a 500-m dash competition final in the
Olympics.
Athletes Recorded Time (s)
Philippines 57.3
Japan 59.6
Nigeria 54.3
USA 57.4
China 59.7
United Kingdom 58.6
Ghana 55.3
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. Philippines athlete beat Japan.
II. An Asian beats a European in the finals.
III. Africans are the fastest runners in the finals.
A. I, II and III
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
11. A cyclist drives along a straight highway for 25h with a displacement of 100km
south. What is the cyclist’s average velocity?
A. 0.4 km/h north
B. 0.4 km/h south
C. 4 km/h north
D. 4 km/h south
12. Refer to the table below. What is the speed of runner Z?

RUNNER DISTANCE TIME ( s)
S (m)
W 70 10
X 80 10
Y 95 10
Z 105 10
A. 0.10 m/s
B. 1.05 m/s
C. 10.5 m/s
D. 1,050 m/s
13. Based on the table below, what will be the speed of the moving object in 2
seconds?
Speed (m/s) 0 5 ? 5 5
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4
Distance (m) 0 5 10 15 20
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
14. Michelle Ann conducted an experiment on speed using her toy car. She listed all the data
she gathered in the table below. Upon analyzing her data, she concluded that toy car C is the
slowest among the four. Do you think her conclusion is correct?
TOY DISTANCE TIME ( s)

CAR (cm)
A 100 10
B 100 15
C 100 20
D 100 18
A. Yes, because its speed is 20m/s.
B. Yes, because it has the greatest time recorded.
C. No, because all the toy car travelled the same distance.
D. No, because the slowest toy car is the one that took the least time.
15.Marlow was asked by her teacher how to solve the speed of an object. She said that to solve
for the speed of an object, one must multiply the distance travelled by the recorded time of
travel. Do you think her process is correct?
A. Yes, because multiplication is the way to solve for speed.
B. Yes, because she had all the needed data like distance and time.
C. No, because in solving for speed one must divide the distance travelled by the recorded
time of travel.
D. No, because in solving for speed one must add the recorded time and the distance
travelled.
Wow! That was a tough job. At last! You have finished studying lesson 2. But, before you
completely exit, try to answer this additional activity.
Directions: Graph the given velocities and the time interval as shown in the table below. Label
your graph correctly. Place the velocity on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.
Connect the points after graphing. Then compute and analyze the acceleration of
the object between: 1) point A—C, 2) point C—D and 3) point D—E.
POINT VELOCIT TIME

Y INTERVAL
A 5 m/s 2 sec
B 10 m/s 4 sec
C 15 m/s 6 sec
D 15 m/s 8 sec
E 5 m/s 10 sec
Science 7
Quarter 3- Lesson 2:
Motion in Graphs and Dots
What I Need to Know
When you walk to the store near your house to buy your favorite snack, there is motion.
When a car passes by your house, that car is in motion. Basically, motion is the change in
position over an interval of time. The motion of an object can be described in many ways
through its position, how far it has travelled, or how fast it is moving. The equations you have
learned in the previous lesson are great ways to mathematically describe the different
concepts of motion.
Similarly, using mathematical pictures like motion graphs and tape charts are also
effective tools in representing the motion of objects. By simply analyzing visual
representations like diagrams, graphs, and charts you will know if an object is in motion or not,
whether it is moving with constant speed, or changing in speed or not. In this module, you
will learn how to create and interpret the motion of objects through tape charts and graphs.
Most Essential Learning Competency:

Create and interpret visual representation of the motion of objects such as tape
charts and motion graphs (S7FE-IIIb-3).
This module is divided into two lessons:

Lesson 1- Motion Graphs
Lesson 2 – Ticker Tape Diagrams
1. describe the motion of objects in relation to the slope of the line on a
distance-time graph and speed-time graph;
2. create motion graphs to represent the motion of objects;
3. describe the motion of objects by interpreting ticker tape diagrams; and
4. create ticker tape diagrams to represent the motion of objects.
What I Know
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose and write the letter of the correct
1. What does the vertical axis represent on a position-time graph?

A. Speed of the object
B. Position of the object
C. Velocity of the object
D. Total time travelled by the object
2. What do you call a graph that is plotted in terms of the distance travelled by the
object and the time it took to cover that distance?
A. Speed-time graph
B. Position-time graph
C. Distance-time graph
D. Displacement-time graph
3. Which is TRUE about displacement?

A. How fast an object is moving
B. Change in position in a given time
C. Length of the entire path that an object travelled
D. Shortest distance between the object’s two positions
4. What does a horizontal line in the distance-time graph indicate?

A. No movement
B. Constant speed
C. Object is accelerating
D. Object is decelerating
5. When looking at a displacement-time graph, what variable should be plotted on the y-

axis and x-axis?
A. Y-axis: Time; X-axis: Distance
B. X-axis: Time; Y-axis: Distance
C. X-axis: Time; Y-axis: Displacement
D. Y-axis: Time; X-axis: Displacement
6. Which of the following illustrates acceleration?

A. Constant velocity
B. Changing direction
C. The direction does not change
D. The speed and direction remains the same
7. The following are correctly matched, EXCEPT

A. Speed: Scalar
B. Velocity: Vector
C. Distance: Scalar
D. Displacement: Scalar
8. What does a line on a graph that is curving upwards mean in a distance-time graph?
A. The object is not moving.
B. The object has a constant speed.
C. The speed of the object is increasing.
D. The speed of the object is decreasing.
9. The following units can be used to mathematically express speed, EXCEPT

A. m
B. m/s
C. km/hr
D. miles/hr
10. Ethan is playing with his toy car. While watching him, you observed that the toy car
is accelerating. Which of the following graphs show that the toy car is accelerating?
A B C D
11. Examine the given graph. What conclusion can you make from this graph?
A. The object is stationary.

B. The object is decelerating.
C. The object’s acceleration is increasing.
D. The object is moving at a constant speed.
For items 12-13, refer to the given figure below.
12. What does the part B of the displacement-time graph tell us about the object?
A. The object has a velocity of 2 m/s.
B. The object is not moving for 2 seconds.
C. The object travels 2 meters in 2 seconds.
D. The object travels 2 meters in 2 seconds backs to its starting position.
13. What conclusion can you make about the motion of the object after it travels from
point A to point C?
I. The object has zero displacement.

II. The object returns to its starting position.
III. The object moves in constant speed from point A to C.
IV. The object accelerates uniformly all throughout its travel.
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I and IV only
D. II, III, and IV only
14. Examine the graph below. Is it correct to say that the straight horizontal line on the
speed-time graph means that the object is not moving?
speed
time
A. Yes, a horizontal line means that the object is at rest or stationary.

B. Yes, a straight line always means that an object is not moving at all.
C. No, a horizontal line indicates that the object has uniform acceleration.
D. No, a horizontal line indicates that the speed is not changing over time.
15. During their science class, Jessa was assigned to discuss about distance-time graphs. In
one of her graphs, Jessa shows a graph with a diagonal line that slopes upward to the
right. She explained that the graph means that an object is moving at a constant speed.
Do you think her explanation is correct?
A. No, the distance-time graph should show a horizontal straight line going to the
right.
B. No, a diagonal line that slopes upward to the right in a distance-time graph
means that the speed is increasing.
C. Yes, the motion of objects plotted in a distance-time graph has similar
interpretation if plotted in a speed-time graph.
D. Yes, a diagonal line that slopes upward to the right means that distance is
increasing constantly with time, thus an object is moving in a steady speed.
What’s In
In order to describe the motion of a given object, you need to know its position. When you
know the point of reference, you will be able to determine how far the object has travelled,
how fast it is moving, and the direction to where it is moving. With the help of visual
representations like diagrams, you can easily describe the position of an object. Study the figure
below, what is the position of the ball at 15 seconds?
Figure 1. Position of a rolling ball for the same interval time
Aside from diagrams, another way of describing the motion of objects is through the use
of motion graphs. Using motion graphs, you will be able to show the change in the object’s
position over time. You will also know if the object’s speed is increasing, decreasing or constant
and whether it is moving or not. Do the next activity to learn how to create and interpret
motion graphs.
What’s New
Directions: Convert the figure of the rolling ball into motion graph. Follow the guide given
below. Write your answer on a graphing paper.
1. Make a table similar to Table 1 and fill it out using the data provided in Figure 1.
Note that the positions of the ball are shown every 5 seconds.
Table 1. Position of the ball vs. time

Time (seconds) Position of the ball (meters)
0 0
2. Plot the values in Table 1 as points on the graph in your graphing paper. Note that the
time is plotted on the x-axis (horizontal line) while the position is plotted on the y-axis
(vertical line). For example, examine Figure 2. Assuming that in 20 seconds, the ball will
reach 5 meters, the position-time graph will look like the figure below.
Figure 2. Position vs. Time Graph

3. Draw a straight diagonal line through the points in your graph. This graph is called
position-time graph. Using this graph, you can describe the position of the ball at any
given time. Based on your graph, can you locate the position of the ball at 10 seconds?
What is It
Motion graphs are useful and effective tools in visually presenting the motion of objects.
By examining the slope of the graphs, we can obtain meaningful amount of information about the
objects’ motion. The slope is the slant or angle of the line in the graph. The shape of the line on
the graph whether straight, curved, or steeply sloped have different interpretations with regards
to the motion of the object. In mathematical meaning, the slope of a line is the rise over the run,
or the change in y divided by the change in x. So, if you pick two points on a line, (x1, y1)
and (x2, y2), the slope of the line is calculated by subtracting the value of the y-coordinates (y2 -
y1) and the x-coordinates (x2 - x1). Then, divide the difference of the y-coordinates by the
difference of the x- coordinates. So, the slope of the line is equals to:
The slope of the line reveals useful information about the motion of the object. For
instance, in Figure 3, when we apply the rise over run, the slope of a horizontal line will always
be equal to zero. Since a horizontal line has an unchanging y-value (height does not change),
the rise is equals to zero no matter what the run is. Therefore, the value of the slope is also
zero. On one hand, a line that slants up from left to right as shown in Figure 4 has a constant
and positive slope whereas a line that slants down from left to right as shown in Figure 5
has a constant and negative slope. It should be noted that, a steeper line indicates a larger slope
and a less steep line means a smaller slope. In this case, the greater the slope, the steeper the line
as shown in Figure 6. On the other hand, curve lines indicate a changing slope.
Figure 3. A horizontal line parallel Figure 4. A positive slope where line
to the x-axis has a slope of zero slants up from left to right
Figure 5. A negative slope where Figure 6. Line B has larger slope

line slants down from left to right than Line A because it is steeper
than Line A
Position-time graphs are motion graphs that show a change in an object’s location
over time. In this type of graph, time is always plotted on the x-axis and the position is plotted
on the y-axis. Refer to Figure 7 for the position-time graph.
When a graph is plotted in terms of the distance travelled by the object and the time it
took to cover that distance, the graph can be called distance-time graph. On the other hand,
if the graph is plotted in terms of displacement and time, it is called displacement-time
graph.
Figure 8. Distance vs. Time Graph Figure 9. Displacement vs. Time Graph
The distance-time graph can tell us how far an object has moved with respect to time.
A displacement-time graph can show us if an object is going backwards or forwards
(direction) which cannot be shown on a distance-time graph.
Distance-Time Graphs
The horizontal straight line in the graph The diagonal line that slopes upward to the
means that the slope is equal to zero right shows a constant and positive slope.
indicating that the object is at rest or This indicates that distance is increasing
not moving. constantly with time. The object moves at
a constant speed.
Curved lines indicate that speed is The speed is changing as shown by the slope
changing. In this graph, the line of the line. In this graph, the line curving
curving upwards shows that the object downwards shows that the object is
is increasing its speed. As time decreasing its speed. The change in distance
passes, the change in distance decreases as time passes.
increases.
Speed-Time Graphs
Displacement-Time Graphs
Velocity-Time Graphs
If you recall in our previous lesson, the distance travelled by an object divided by the
time it took to do so will give us speed. In this case, the slope of a distance vs. time graph
represents the speed of the object. On the other hand, the slope of the speed vs. time graph
represents the rate of change of speed or the acceleration of the object along a straight line. In
addition, since displacement divided by time is equals to velocity, the slope of a displacement
vs. time graph represents the velocity of the object. Finally, the slope of the velocity vs. time
graph represents the acceleration of the object because change in velocity per unit time is
actually acceleration.
What’s More
Directions: Match each diagram to the graph that correctly represents its motion. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Diagrams Motion Graphs
1.
What I Have Learned
Directions: Identify the correct word from the words inside the box to make the paragraph
complete. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Time Motion graphs Distance-time Slope Not moving

Acceleration Position Horizontal Constant speed Speed
1. are useful and effective tools in visually presenting the motion

of objects. By examining the slope of the graphs, we can obtain meaningful amount of
information about the objects’ motion. The 2. is the slant or angle of
the line in the graph. The shape of the line on the graph whether straight, curved, or
steeply sloped have different interpretations with regards to the motion of the object.
Position-time graphs are motion graphs that show a change in an object’s
location over time. In this type of graph, 3. is always plotted on the x-
axis and the 4. is plotted on the y-axis. When a graph is plotted in terms
of the distance travelled by the object and the time it took to cover that distance, the
graph can be called 5. graph. On the other hand, if the graph is plotted
in terms of displacement and time, it is called displacement-time graph.
In a distance-time graph, a horizontal straight line means that the object is at
rest or 6. . A diagonal line that slopes upward to the right means that
the object moves at a 7. . The line curving upwards shows that the object
is increasing in speed. The line curving downwards shows that the object is
decreasing in speed. In a speed-time graph, a straight 8. line above the
x-axis means that the speed of the object is constant. The slope of a distance vs. time
graph represents the 9. of the object while the slope of the speed vs. time
graph represents the 10. of the object along a straight line.
What I Can Do
Directions: Create a speed-time graph that shows how the speed of a vehicle changes
throughout its travel. Refer your data on the given scenario below. Plot your
answers on a graphing paper.
Assuming that your mother requested you to go to a store to buy essential

groceries. To go to the store, you need to ride a public utility vehicle. From rest, the speed
of the vehicle changes from 0 to 10 m/s in 5 seconds and moves in a constant speed of
10 m/s for 5 seconds. Then it slows down from 10 m/s to 6 m/s in 3 seconds and
eventually travels in a steady speed of 6 m/s in 6 s until it comes to a stop when it
reaches the grocery store. How do you think the motion graph will look like? Plot the
given values and draw a line through the points in your graph to showthe changes in
speed of the vehicle.
Graphing Rubric
Criteria Excellent Fair Needs

(5 points) (3 points) Improvement
(1 point)
Plotting Points All points are plotted Most of the points The points on the
correctly on the graph are plotted graph do not match
and match up with the correctly, however up with the data and
given data. minor errors can errors are very
be seen on the evident on the
graph. graph.
Line Points are connected Some of the points Points are
correctly from left to are not connected connected in
right with no mistakes. correctly from left random manner.
Line is straight from to right.
point to point. Line is crooked or Line is crooked or
curved. curved.
Assessment
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the correct answer from the given
choices. Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What does the slope of a distance vs. time graph represent?

A. Acceleration
B. Distance
C. Displacement
D. Speed
2. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes distance?

A. Change in position over a period of time
B. The direction to where the object is moving
C. Length of the entire path that an object travelled
D. Shortest distance between the object’s two positions
3. A speed-time graph shows a horizontal straight line above the x-axis. What does this
indicate?
A. The object is slowing down.
B. The speed does not change.
C. The object is increasing in speed.
D. There is an increase in the distance travelled.
4. Which of the following is NOT correctly matched when plotting on a motion graph?
A. X-axis: Time; Y-axis: Speed
B. X-axis: Time; Y-axis: Position
C. Y-axis: Time; X-axis: Distance
D. X-axis: Time; Y-axis: Displacement
5. The following quantities can tell us both the magnitude and direction of an object,
EXCEPT
A. Acceleration
B. Displacement
C. Speed
D. Velocity
6. What does the slope of a velocity vs. time graph represent?

A. Acceleration
B. Distance
C. Force
D. Speed
7. A diagonal line that slopes upward to the right is recorded in a distance-time graph
below. What does this tell us about the motion of the object?
A. The object is at rest.
B. The object is increasing its speed.
C. The object is decreasing its speed.
D. The object is moving in a steady speed.
9. Which of the following statements is TRUE about motion graphs?
A. Time is plotted on the x-axis while position is plotted on the y-axis.
B. A distance-time graph can tell us the direction to where an object is moving.
C. In a speed-time graph, a horizontal straight line above the x-axis means that the
object is not moving.
D. In a distance-time graph, a horizontal straight line means that the object is
moving on a constant speed.
For items 10-12, a car is travelling down a road. The graph below shows the changes in
speed of the car. Examine and analyze the graph to answer the questions that follow.
10.What conclusion can you make about the motion of the car from point O to point A?
I. The car is not moving.

II. The car is accelerating.
III. The car is moving in a constant speed of 6 m/s.
IV. The car increases in speed from 0 to 6 m/s in 2 seconds.
A. II only
B. II and IV only
C. I, II, and III only
D. I, III, and IV only
11.Which point of the car’s journey did it move in a constant speed?

I. Point O-A II. Point A-B III. Point B-C IV. Point C-D
A. I only
B. II only
C. II and III only
D. II and IV only
12. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the motion of the car?
I. The car is at rest at point A-B and C-D.
II. The car is slowing down at point A-O.
III. The car increases in speed at point O-A.
IV. The car slows down from 6 m/s to 4 m/s at point B-C.
A. II only
B. I and III only
C. II and IV only
13. Which of the following graphs describes uniform speed?
I II III IV
A. I and III only
B. II and IV only
C. I and II only
D. I, II, and IV only
14.Nathan was asked by his teacher to draw a distance-time graph that shows an object is at
rest or not moving. He drew a distance-time graph showing a diagonal line that slopes
upward to the right. Do you think Nathan is correct?
A. Yes, a diagonal line that slopes upward indicates that an object not moving.
B. Yes, a straight line moving upward means that an object is not moving at all.
C. No, Nathan should draw a distance-time graph with a horizontal straight line.
D. No, Nathan should draw a distance-time graph with a line curving upwards to
the right.
15.Ella, Lance, Mikaela, and Zac were asked by their teacher to draw a speed-time graph
showing that an object is moving at a constant speed. The following illustrations below
show their speed-time graphs. Who do you think among the four students got the correct
answer?
Ella Lance Mikaela Zac
A. Mikaela is correct because a line curving upwards shows a constant speed.

B. Ella is correct because a straight horizontal line above the x-axis means that the
speed is not changing over time.
C. Zac is correct because a straight line going to the right indicates that the
speed is not changing.
D. Lance is correct because a straight line going to the left indicates that the
speed is the same over time.
Directions: Examine the graph below. Label the graph with the motion of the school bus as
represented by the shape of the line. Use the words inside the school bus to
label the graph. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
What I Know
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the best answer from the
given choices. Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about ticker tape diagrams?

A. The closer the dots on the tape, the slower the object moved.
B. The further apart the dots on the tape the faster the object moved.
C. The object moves in constant speed if the spacing of the dots are the same.
D. The number of dots on the tape represents how fast or slow the object moved.
2. What does it indicate if a ticker tape diagram starts off with closely spaced dots but
move further apart as you go?
A. Speeding up
B. Steady speed
C. Slowing down
D. No acceleration
3. What does the distance between dots on a ticker tape diagram represents?
A. The displacement of the object.
B. The total distance travelled by the object.
C. The time taken by the object while in motion.
D. The object's position change during that time interval.
4. What does it mean if the dots on a piece of ticker tape are close together?
A. The object is stationary.
B. The object is moving fast.
C. The object is accelerating.
D. The object is moving slow.
5. A ticker tape diagram with dots that are spaced further apart as you go indicates that
an object is .
A. not moving
B. moving faster
C. moving slowly
D. moving in constant speed
6. What quantity does each piece of tape represents in a tape chart?

A. Displacement
B. Distance
C. Speed
D. Time
7. How do we know that an object is slowing down just by looking on a ticker tape
diagram?
A. The dots are spaced further apart.
B. The dots are spaced closer together.
C. There are many dots in the ticker tape.
D. The spaces among the dots are the same.
8. Which of the following DOES NOT result in an acceleration?
A. Uniform speed
B. Increasing speed
C. Decreasing speed
D. Change in direction
9. When an object decreases in speed, it is said to be .

A. positively accelerating
B. negatively accelerating
C. speeding up then slowing down
D. slowing down then speeding up
10. The speedometer of a vehicle recorded changes in speed in several instants of its travel. If
the vehicle is speeding up and the position change of the vehicle during each time
interval was presented using a ticker tape diagram, how do you think the ticker tape would
look like?
A. The distance between the dots is further apart.
B. The distance between the dots is closer together.
C. The distance between the dots is equal in length.
D. The distance between dots is random and cannot be analyzed.
11. The ticker tape below shows the motion of a bus. Each dot represents the distance the bus
travelled after one second. What does the ticker tape tell us about the motion of the bus?
A. The bus is moving in a uniform motion.

B. The bus stops at some point of its travel.
C. The bus is speeding up, and then slowing down.
D. The bus is slowing down, and then speeding up.
For items 12-13, refer to the ticker tape diagrams below.

12. Which among the ticker tapes show that an object is moving with a steady speed?
A. I and III only
B. II and III only
C. II and IV only
D. III and IV only
13.If a motorcycle travelling on the road suddenly speeds up, which among the ticker tape
diagrams CORRECTLY represents the acceleration of the motorcycle?
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and IV only
D. II and IV only
14. A car that is travelling down the road was seen accidentally leaving oil spots along the
way. While investigating the road, traces of the oil were still evident. Assuming that the
dots on the ticker tape below represents the oil drops, is it correct to say that the car is
moving at a constant speed?
A. No, the dots on the ticker tape indicate that the car was speeding up.
B. No, the dots on the ticker tape indicate that the car was slowing down.
C. Yes, the spaces between the dots are the same which mean that the car is
moving in a steady speed.
D. Yes, the car is moving in a constant speed because according to the law, it is
wrong to drive very fast.
15.During their science class, Mikaela was asked by her teacher to draw a ticker tape diagram
that represents the speed-time graph given below. While analyzing the graph, Mikaela
concluded that the speed is not changing, therefore the object is moving in constant speed.
She then drew a ticker tape diagram similar to the illustration below. Do you think Mikaela
is correct?
A. Yes, the ticker tape shows that the speed is not changing.
B. No, the ticker tape shows that the object was moving very fast.
C. Yes, the spaces between the dots show that the object is not accelerating.
D. No, the ticker tape shows that the object was moving slowly then it speeds up.
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned how to describe and interpret the motion of
objects using diagrams and motion graphs. Truly, there are many ways to describe motion.
Another way of knowing how an object is moving is through ticker tape analysis. From this, we
can create tape charts that can help us describe the speed of objects.
Study the diagram below. A car is travelling on a straight road and leaves oil spots
along the way. The oil spots are represented by dots and occurred every second. What can you
say about the speed of the car? Do you think the car is speeding up, slowing down or in
constant speed?
Figure 10. A moving car while leaving oil spots
What’s New
Directions: Read and analyze the situation below. Investigate a crime scene and find out if
the suspect is telling the truth. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Suppose you were having your on-the-job training in a private investigating

company. You were asked to join a team assigned to investigate a ‘hit and run’ case. The
alleged suspect was captured by the CCTV camera driving down a road leadingto the
place of incident. The suspect denied the allegation, saying that he was then driving very
slowly with a constant speed. Because of the short time difference whenhe was caught
by the camera and when the accident happened, he insisted that it was impossible
that he would already be at the place when the crime happened. But when you were
viewing the scene again on the camera, you noticed that his car was leaving oil spots on
the road. When you checked these spots on site, you found outthat they are still evident.
So, you began to wonder if the spots can be used to investigate the motion of the car of
the suspect and check whether he was telling the truth or not.
For this activity, assume that the dots represent the ‘oil drops’ left by the car down the road.
Figure 11. A ticker tape representing the motion of the car
1. In the ticker tape, each dot occurred every 1 second. Examine the distances between
successive dots.
Question 1. How will you compare the distances between successive dots?
2. If we cut the strip at each drop, starting from the first drop, and paste them side by side on
a graphing paper, we will form a tape chart. Examine the given tape chart that is formed
from the strips of the ticker tape.
Figure 12. Tape Chart
Question 2. How do the lengths of the tapes compare?
Question 3. If each tape represents the distance travelled by the object for 1
second, then what ‘quantity’ does each piece of tape provide?
Question 4. What does the chart tell you about the speed of the car?
Question 5. How will you compare the changes in the lengths of two successive tapes?
Question 6. What can you say about the acceleration of the moving car?
Question 7. Is the suspect telling the truth when he said that he was driving with constant
speed?
Scoring Rubric
Excellent Good Needs Improvement

(5 points) (3 points) (1 point)
Use of Uses the science Uses most of the Little or no scientific
Scientific words effectively science words vocabulary present and
Vocabulary and in its correct in its correct science words are
context. context. incorrectly used.
Conceptual All ideas are correct Ideas are partially Ideas failed to address
Understanding and appropriate and correct and the questions or does so
demonstrates demonstrates in a very limited way and
comprehensive understanding of demonstrates minimal or
understanding of scientific concepts no understanding of
scientific concepts related to scientific concepts
related to the question. related to
the question. the question.
What is It
One way of analyzing motion is using ticker tape. A ticker tape diagram is the line
of dots on the tape that is created when a long tape is attached to an object that is moving.
The tape is threaded to a device that puts a 'tick' or impression on the tape at regular time
intervals. This creates a line of dots that represents the object’s motion as the tape is pulled.
Figure 13. Ticker Timer Set up
Analyzing Ticker Tape Diagrams
If a ticker tape diagram has spaces between

dots that are not changing all throughout as
Figure 14. A ticker tape diagram shown in Figure 14, then this indicates that
for an object in constant speed the object was moving at a constant speed.
Figure 15. A ticker tape diagram for Figure 16. A ticker tape diagram for
an object that is speeding up an object that is slowing down
The ticker tape diagram that starts off with The ticker tape diagram that starts with dots
closely spaced dots but move further apart as spaced further apart and gets closer as you
you go along as shown in Figure go along as shown in Figure 16 indicates
15 represents that the object was speeding that the object was slowing down because
up. This means that the further apart the dots the dots are getting closer and closer
are on the tape, the faster the object moved. together.
Always remember that in a ticker tape diagram, if the spacing of the dots is changing,
this represents that the speed is changing. A changing speed would mean that there is
acceleration. Based on the previous module, there are different situations that result to
acceleration: changing speed, changing direction and changing both speed and direction. An
object that decreases in speed is negatively accelerating or simply decelerating. Hence,
acceleration does not only refer to objects with increasing speed.
What’s More
Directions: Examine each ticker tape diagram and describe the motion of the car using the
phrases inside the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1.
2.
What I Have Learned
Directions: Identify the correct word from the words inside the box to make the paragraph
complete. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Always remember that in a ticker tape diagram, if the spacing of the dots is
changing, this represents that the speed is changing. A 8. would mean
that there is 9. . An object that decreases in speed is 10. or
simply decelerating. Hence, acceleration does not only refer to objects with
increasing speed.
What I Can Do
Directions: Create ticker tape diagrams showing the type of motion demonstrated by the
given objects. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1.
A ball rolling fast in steady speed.
2.
up and then slowing down.
3.
A bus travelling slowly in constant speed.
Rubric for Ticker Tape Diagram
Excellent Good Needs Improvement

(5 points) (3 points) (1 point)
All diagrams are Most diagrams are
The diagrams contain
correct, appropriate correct, appropriate
many errors and do not
Content and correspond to the and correspond to the
correspond to motion of
motion of the motion of the
the object.
object. object.
Neat, organized, Fairly neat with Messy and unorganized
and clearly little organization and does not clearly
Presentation illustrates the type and illustrates the illustrate the type of
motion shown by type motion shown motion shown by the
the object. by the object. object.
Assessment
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the correct answer from the given
choices. Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What does a ticker tape diagram indicate if the dots are spaced further apart?
A. Moving fast
B. Not moving
C. Moving slow
D. Decelerating
2. If the length of the tape increases by the same amount in each time interval, what does
it tells us about the motion of the object?
A. The object has a uniform acceleration.
B. The object has a negative acceleration.
C. The object is increasing the distance travelled.
D. The object is speeding up and then slowing down at some point.
3. A ticker tape diagram with dots that are spaced closer together means that the object is .
A. stationary
B. moving faster
C. moving slowly
D. moving in steady speed
4. An accelerating object is .
A. changing its speed
B. not changing its direction
C. moving in constant speed
D. moving in uniform velocity
5. The space between dots on a ticker tape diagram represents .

A. distance travelled
B. total displacement
C. acceleration of the object
D. position change over time
6. What does a ticker tape diagram look like if an object is moving faster?
A. Dots are spaced further apart.
B. Dots are spaced closer together.
C. There are many dots in the ticker tape.
D. The spaces among the dots are the same.
7. When an object increases in speed, it is said to be .

A. accelerating
B. negatively accelerating
C. speeding up then slowing down
D. slowing down then speeding up
8. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes a ticker tape diagram?
A. If the dots are spaced closer, the object is moving fast.

B. If the dots are spaced closer, the object is moving slowly.
C. The dots on the tape always have the same amount of spaces.
D. The dots that are spaced further apart indicate that the object is at rest.
9. What does it mean if a ticker tape diagram starts off with dots that are spaced further apart
but move closer and closer as you go?
A. No acceleration
B. Constant speed
C. Increasing speed
D. Decreasing speed
10.Based on the speed-time graph below, which ticker tape diagram CORRECTLY
matches the kind of motion illustrated by the graph?
11.A ball that is moving slowly with steady speed in a straight track suddenly speeds up as it
rolls down a hill. Which of the following ticker tape diagrams correctly represent the
motion of the ball?
A.
B.
C.
D.
12. Examine the ticker tape diagram below. What conclusion can you make about the motion
of the object?
A. The object is moving very fast.

B. The object is moving very slow.
C. The object is increasing its speed.
D. The object is moving in a constant speed.
13. The motion of a toy car is recorded in the ticker tape diagram below? What do you think
happens to the speed of the toy car?
A. The toy car was moving very fast then stops.

B. The toy car was moving slowly then suddenly speeds up.
C. The toy car was moving in a steady speed then suddenly slows down.
D. The toy car was moving in a constant speed then speeds up in an instant.
14.In their physics class, Ben was asked by his teacher to describe the motion of an object
based on the given tape chart. Each strip of tape represents the speed of the object every
one second. From the tape chart, Ben concluded that the object is moving with a uniform
speed. Do you think his answer is correct?
A. No, the tape chart shows that the speed decreases uniformly.
B. Yes, there are equal number of dots in each tape in the chart.
C. No, the tape chart shows that the object is accelerating uniformly.
D. Yes, the length of the tapes in the chart is the same indicating constant speed.
15.Examine the given tape chart. Is it correct to say that the speed of the object increases
uniformly?
A. Yes, because the tapes in chart have equal length.

B. Yes, because the length of the tape increases uniformly.
C. No, the tape chart indicates that the object is slowing down.
D. No, the length of the tapes cannot determine the speed of an object.
Directions: Convert the tape chart below into a speed-time graph and describe the
motion represented by the graph. Plot your graph on a separate sheet of
paper.
Graphing Rubric
Excellent Fair Needs
Criteria (5 points) (3 points) Improvement
(1 point)
The graph has a
The graph has a
title and the labels The graph has no
clear title and the
for the axes and title and labels for
labels for the axes
variables being the axes and
and variables being
measured are variables being
measured are
indicated. measured are not
accurate and clearly
indicated.
Labels and Axes indicated.
Independent
Independent variable is
variable is on the The independent and
on the x-axis and the
x-axis and the dependent variables
dependent variable is
dependent are not on the correct
in the y- axis.
variable is in the axis.
y-axis.
The interpretation of The interpretation of

The interpretation of
the data pattern the data pattern shown
the data pattern shown
shown on the graph on the graph about the
on the graph about the
Interpretation about the motion of motion of the object is
motion of the object is
the object is clear incorrect and not
clear and accurate.
and partially correct. clear.
Science 7
The Waves
What I Need to Know
Hello! How are you? You should be able to realize that understanding many natural
phenomena, entails understanding the concept of waves? For instance, the occurrence of
earthquakes, in engineering, skyscrapers and bridges and in how radios and televisions
work. In order to understand all of these, concepts about the origin, nature and propagation
of waves have to be examined.

Infer that waves carry energy. S7LT-IIIc-4

o classify waves as either transverse or longitudinal and mechanical or
electromagnetic;
o draw and identify parts of transverse and longitudinal waves, and
o relate the importance of understanding the concept of waves to real life
situations.
What I Know
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
BEST answer and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is not an example of a mechanical wave?

A. Light
B. Sound waves
C. Seismic waves
D. P - waves
2. Which of the following statements about the anatomy of transverse waves is
correct?
I. The distance from one crest to the next crest is the amplitude of
transverse wave.
II. The lowest point on the transverse wave is trough.
III. The wavelength of a transverse wave is a distance from one crest to
the next crest.
IV. The highest point on the transverse wave is crest.
A. I, II, III, IV D. I, II, III only

B. II, III, IV only
C. I, III, IV only
3. Does the sound intensity decrease as it spreads outward in all directions from the
source?
A. The intensity of sound does not change as it moves outward from the
source.
B. The intensity of sound decreases as it moves outward from the source.
C. The intensity of sound increases as it moves outward from the source.
D. The intensity of sound alternately increases and decreases as it moves
outward from the source.
4. What type of wave does NOT need a medium for it to propagate?
A. Electromagnetic waves
B. Mechanical waves
C. Surface waves
D. Ocean waves
5. Marky is doing an experiment. He throws a piece of stone in a pond.
Was he able to create waves?
A. No, waves were created when the stone touches water.
B. Yes, he was able to create depressions on the water.
C. No, the stone floats on the water.
D. Yes, he observes that when the stone touches the water, circular ripples are
formed.
6. In which general type of wave do the particles move perpendicular to the
direction of the wave motion?
A. Longitudinal waves
B. Transverse wave
C. Mechanical wave
D. Electromagnetic wave
7. Which of the following statements DOES NOT correctly describes a wave?
A. The highest point on a transverse wave is the trough.
B. Waves carry and transfer energy.
C. Wave is a propagation though a medium or space.
D. Waves have characteristics such as amplitude and wavelength.
8. What refers to the number of waves that passes through a given point at a
particular time?
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Period
D. Wavelength
9. Which of the following statements incorrectly describes electromagnetic wave?
A. Electromagnetic wave is a type of wave that can transmit energy
even without any medium.
B. Electromagnetic wave is a type of wave that transmits energy
through a medium.
C. When you use radio or watch movie on your LED television
you are using electromagnetic waves.
D. The waves that cook the popcorn in the microwave oven are
electromagnetic waves.
For items 10 - 12
(Photographed by: Carmelyn L. Porras)
10. The wavelength is the horizontal distance between points

A. A and B
B. A and D
C. A and E
D. B and D
11. Which of the following points is a crest?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
12. Which of the following points is a trough?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
13. Which of the following is NOT an example of a wave?
A. Microwave
B. Radio wave
C. Visible light
D. Wavelength
14.The following statements correctly describes mechanical wave, EXCEPT
A. Mechanical waves does not propagate through a medium.
B. Mechanical waves may be transverse or longitudinal.
C. Mechanical wave needs a medium for it to propagate.
D. Sound is an example of a mechanical wave.
15. Which of the following terms generally refer to a disturbance propagated in space
or through a medium?
A. Heat energy
B. Force
C. Frequency
D. Wave
Lesson
Types of Waves
1
What’s In
There you go! In our previous lesson, we learned that a wave is a periodic
disturbance that moves away from a source and carries energy with it. We can add that
waves are produced through vibrations. Things that vibrate such as waving of our hands
to signify friendship, strumming of guitar to produce acoustic sound and back and forth
motion of the earth’s crust that result to earthquakes are all examples of waves. Finally, to
understand how skyscrapers, bridges, seismograph, television and radio work, concepts
about the types, nature and propagation of waves have to be studied through this module.
Shall we now find out?
What’s New
Hello there! I need your help. I want to find out the types, nature and anatomy of
waves. Can you help me? All you have to do is read, understand and perform the different
activities below. Are you ready? Let’s start!
Activity 1 Let’s Make Waves!

1. Observe what is presented in the photograph. Sketch the waves as seen from
above the water basin. Label the source of the disturbance.
``
Photographed by: Carmelyn L Porras

2. Make a paper boat. Place it in the middle of the basin. Tap the water that surrounds
the paper boat then observe. Answer the guide questions below.
a. Do the waves set the paper boat into motion? What is required to set an object into
motion?
b. If you exert more force in creating periodic waves by tapping the surface with
greater strength, how does this affect the movement of the paper boat?
3. Sketch the water waves as seen them from above the basin. One wavelength should be
labeled in the drawing.
4. Tap the water rapidly to increase the rate of the vibration. What happens to the
wavelength of the waves? Sketch the water waves as seen from the top of the basin.
5. Discuss the steps in determining the speed of a wave. Please refer to the
performance rubric below.
Criteria 10pts. 7pts. 5pts.

The facts and
The facts and
explanation are The facts and
Accuracy of explanations are
clear with explanation are
Content clearly, concise and
supporting lacking.
presented well.
documents.
The output is
original and The presentation
Presentation of The presentation is
presented in shows an attempt
output copied.
unique and of originality.
interesting way.
The work is The work is not
Creativity and The work is very
somewhat creative creatively done and
cleanliness creative and clean.
but clean. not clean.
Points to Remember:
1. Waves can be typified according to the direction of motion of the vibrating particles
with respect to the direction in which the waves travel.
a.Waves in a rope may be classified as transverse waves because the individual
segments of the rope vibrate perpendicular to the direction in which the waves
travel.
b. When each portion of a coil spring is alternatively compressed and extended,
longitudinal waves are produced.
c. Waves on the surface of a body of water are a combination of transverse
and longitudinal wave motion. Each water molecule moves in a circular
pattern as the waves pass by.
2. Waves carry energy because waves can set other objects into motion
3. When wave pass by, particles vibrate alternately to transport the energy of the waves.
What is It
Waves can be typified according to the direction of motion of the vibrating

particles with respect to the direction in which the waves travel. The types of waves
according to the direction of motion of the vibrating particles with respect to the direction
in which the waves travel are transverse, longitudinal and surface waves.
Types of waves
1. Transverse waves vibrate perpendicularly to the direction in which the waves travel. This
wave exhibits up and down motion.
2. Longitudinal waves vibrate parallel or back and forth to the direction in which the
waves travel.
3. Surface waves are combination of transverse and longitudinal waves. These move in a
circular pattern as the waves pass by.
The types of waves according to propagation
1. Mechanical waves propagate only through solid, liquid and gas medium. Mechanical
waves may be transverse, longitudinal or surface. Some physical medium is being
disturbed for the wave to propagate. A wave travelling on a string would not exist without
the string. With mechanical waves, what we interpret as a wave corresponds to the
propagation of a disturbance through a medium.
2. Electromagnetic waves do not need medium to propagate. Radio waves, ultraviolet,
microwaves, x-rays, infrared, and gamma rays are examples of electromagnetic waves.
The sun is an important source of electromagnetic radiation for the earth. Energy from
the sun is important to sustain the life of the earth. Another example of the
electromagnetic waves from the sun are ultraviolet (UV) waves, which is the main cause
of sunburn. Sunscreen lotions are transparent to the visible light but absorb most of
UV light. The higher a sunscreen’s solar protection factor (SPF), the greater the
percentage of UV light absorbed.
Figure shows the wavelength of electromagnetic waves sample

Illustrated by: Braxmeier, H. (Source www.pixabayclipart.com)
The Anatomy and Nature of Transverse Waves
Figure shows the anatomy and nature of a transverse wave

Transverse Wave (Source: Vedran, B. www.free.svg.org.com)
The nature of transverse waves can be described through its terms, quantities and
anatomy. The crest and trough refer to the highest point and lowest point of a wave pattern,
respectively. The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a particle of the
medium on either side of its normal position when the wave passes. The frequency
(measured in Hertz)of periodic waves is the number of waves that pass a particular point for
every unit of time such as one second while the wavelength(measured in meters) is the
distance between adjacent crests or troughs. The period is the time (measured in seconds)
required for one complete wave to pass a particular point. The speed of the wave refers to the
distance the wave travels per unit time. It is related to the frequency of the wave and
wavelength through the following equation: wave speed= frequency x wavelength
The Anatomy and Nature of Longitudinal Waves
Longitudinal Wave (Source: Lessig, L. www. creativecommons.com)
A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the particles of the medium are displaced in a
direction parallel to the direction of energy transport. A longitudinal wave can be created
in a slinky if the slinky is stretched out horizontally and the end coil is vibrated back-and-
forth in a horizontal direction. Longitudinal waves show areas of compression and
rarefaction. Compressions are regions of high pressure due to particles being close
together (points A, C, E). Rarefactions are regions of low pressure due to particles being
spread further apart (points B, D, F). The crest is the top of the wave. The trough is at the
bottom of the wave. The wavelength is the length of the wave from compression to
compression. The amplitude of a wave is the highest amount of vibration that the medium
gives from the rest position.
Remember this:
1. Wave speed, wavelength and frequency are related by the equation: Wave speed
= frequency x wavelength. The frequency of a wave is inversely proportional to
the wavelength. When a wave has a high frequency, it has a short wavelength
and when a wave has low frequency, it has a long wavelength.
2. Suppose you observed an anchored boat to rise and fall once every 4.0 seconds
as waves whose crests are 25 meters apart pass by it.
a. What is the frequency of the observed waves? The frequency of the waves is
0.25 Hz. Frequency = 1/period = 1/4.0 seconds = 0.25 Hz
b. What is the speed of the waves? The speed of the waves is 6.3 m/s. Wave
speed = (frequency)*(wavelength) = (0.25 Hz) x (25 m) = 6.3 m/s
Directions: Use a concept map to classify and group the types of waves. Write your answer
Directions: Find the words that are hidden in the grid. The words may be in horizontal,
vertical or diagonal in directions. Copy and write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
crest amplitude trough

wavelength frequency period
C R E S T L F T I M E E M T
I T O A D F R N I L R C A R
P H S S T O E E Y A E S N O
H E P B I S Q O I O Q A O U
E T R S T P U E L E N G T G
S N E I A E E S A O S T R H
P S R O O E N S Y S T E M M
E T E R C D C E E C O I S Y
E U B H O B Y R B I O T I A
D H W A V E L E N G T H N E
O A I K O O E B I O T I C R
A M P L I T U D E I C H O S
What I Have Learned
Directions: Read the paragraph carefully and identify the correct words on the box that fit
in the given sentences in the selection below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
damage disturbance direction transverse

electricity production longitudinal perpendicular
energy propagation parallel mechanical
surface matter medium formation
electromagnetic crust crest magnitude
anatomy amplitude wavelength speed
Wave is a periodic (1) that moves away from a source which carries
(2) with it. Waves can be typified according to the (3) of motion
of the vibrating particles with respect to the direction in which the waves travel and
according to (4) .
(5) waves vibrate perpendicularly to the direction in which the waves travel. This
wave exhibits up and down motion. Longitudinal waves vibrate (6) or
back and forth to the direction in which the waves travel. (7) waves are
combination of transverse and longitudinal waves. These move in a circular pattern as
the waves pass by. (8) waves need solid, liquid and gas medium to
propagate or travel. Transverse, mechanical and surface waves are examples of mechanical
waves. Electromagnetic waves do not need (9) to propagate.
Radio waves, ultraviolet, infrared, and gamma rays are examples of (10)
waves. The nature of waves can be described through its terms, quantities and (11)
.
The (12) and trough refer to the highest point and lowest point of a wave
pattern, respectively. The (13) of a transverse wave is the maximum
displacement of a particle of the medium on either side of its normal position when the
wave passes. The frequency of periodic waves is the number of waves that pass a particular
point for every one second while the (14) is the distance between adjacent crests or
troughs. 4. The period is the time required for one complete wave to pass a particular point.
The (15) of the wave refers to the distance the wave travels per unit time.
It is related to the frequency of the wave and wavelength through the following equation:
wave speed= frequency x wavelength
11 CO_Q4_Science 7_ Module 3
What I Can Do
Directions: Draw and label the anatomy of a transverse and a longitudinal wave on a
separate sheet of paper.
Performance Rubrics
Criteria 10 pts. 7 pts. 5 pts.

A. Drawing Drawing shows Drawing shows Drawing lacks
Technique and good technique some technique technique and
Understanding of and and understanding understanding
Concepts understanding of concept is not of concept is
of concept is clear. so clear. vague.
B. Craftsmanship Drawing is neat Drawing is Drawing is

and shows very somewhat messy messy and
little evidence of and shows marks shows marks
marks, rips, tears, rips, tears, or rips, tears, or
or folds. There are folds. folds.
erasure lines. Some erasure lines Many erasure lines
are evident are evident
C. Creativity Art work reflects Art work shows Art work shows
originality. some evidence of little or no
originality. evidence of
original thought.
Assessment
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following correctly describes a wave?

A. It can set an object into motion
B. It moves through materials only.
C. It transmits weaker force
D. It is static
2. The following are electromagnetic waves, EXCEPT

A. Infrared
B. Gamma rays
C. Sound
D. X-rays
3. Which of the following statements correctly describes a wave?
I. It does not carry energy.

II. It is a periodic disturbance.
III. It moves away from a source.
IV. It can set an object into motion.
A. I,II,III,IV
B. I,II,III only
C. II,III,IV only
D. I,III,IV only
4.What type of wave needs a medium to propagate?

A. Electromagnetic waves
B. Mechanical waves
C. Microwaves
D. Ultraviolet
5. Suppose you observed an anchored boat rise and fall once every 8.0 seconds as
waves whose crests are 25 meters apart pass by it. What is the frequency of the
observed waves?
A. 0.100 Hz
B. 0.105Hz
C. 0.125Hz
D. 1.000 Hz
6. Which type of wave is characterized by the parallel motion of the particles in the
wave to the wave propagation?
A. Electromagnetic
B. Longitudinal
C. Mechanical
D. Transverse
7. Earthquake(seismic)waves are felt through the grounds. Are these waves
electromagnetic in nature?
A. Yes, because these need medium in order to propagate.
B. No, because these do not need medium to propagate.
C. No, because these are mechanical waves.
D. Yes, because this carry energy.
8. Which of the following statements correctly describes a mechanical wave?

I. Mechanical wave propagates through a medium
II. Mechanical waves may be transverse or longitudinal.
III. Mechanical wave needs material medium such as solid,
liquid or gas to transport its energy from one location to
another.
IV. Sound is a mechanical wave.
A. I,II,III,IV
B. I,II,III only
C. II,III,IV only
D. I,II,IV only
9. What refers to the number of waves that passes through a given point at a
particular time?
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Period
D. Wavelength
10. The following are examples of mechanical waves, EXCEPT

A. Longitudinal
B. Surface
C. Sound
D. X – ray
11. Marky is doing an experiment. He throws a piece of stone in a pond.

Does he observe a wave?
A. Yes, he observes that when stone touches water it moves back and
forth.
B. Yes, he observes that when the stone touches the water, circular
ripples are formed.
C. No, he observed that when stone hits water it does not produce wave.
D. No, he does not observe wave when the stone touches water.
12. What type of wave moves in circular motion relative to the direction of the wave
motion?
A. Electromagnetic
B. Mechanical
C. Surface
D. Transverse
13. What helps the sound waves travel through air?
A. Atoms of air
B. Electrons of air
C. Molecules of air
D. Protons of air
For questions number 14 – 15, refer to the figure below.
Photographed by: Carmelyn L.Porras
14. The points at A to E and C to Gare referred to as

A. Amplitude
B. Period
C. Trough
D. Wavelength
15. Which of the following points on the transverse wave are moving in the same
direction?
A. A and C
B. A and E
C. C and F
D. B and G
Directions: Fill out the Venn Diagram below with similarities and differences between
mechanical and electromagnetic waves. Use the labelled circles for the terms that relate to
mechanical and electromagnetic waves individually. Identify the terms that relate to both the
two classifications of waves on the overlap. Copy and write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
Types of waves
Needs medium to propagate
Sound wave
Ultraviolet ray
Periodic disturbance
Does not need medium to propagate
Directions: Study the figure of a wave below. Label the parts of the wave using the
notations below. Copy and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Notations Parts
Point A
Point G
Length DE
Length CG
Photographed by: Carmelyn L.Po

Science 7
Sound Pitch
What I Need to Know
Hello my dear learner! You may be curious as to how sound is made. As living
organisms, we are surrounded by many sounds. Some are low but some are high. Some
are soft but some are loud. When we sing a song or when we tap on objects, we produce
sounds. Sound enables us to communicate with one another. In order to have a healthy
communication we need to consider how it is produced and its basic characteristics. These
characteristics will be explained as we go along with our discussion.
Most Essential Learning Competency

Describe the characteristics of sound using the concept of wavelength, velocity,
and amplitude.
This module is focus on.

Lesson 1 – Characteristics of Sound

1. identify the characteristics of sound using the concept of wavelength,
velocity, and amplitude; and
2. describe the characteristics of sound.
What I Know
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What do we call the vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a

transmission medium such as gas, liquid or solid?
A. Song
B. Sound
C. Wave
D. Zone
2. Sound plays a vital role in our daily living. Communication is one among of its
uses. Can we also use sound in emergency response?
A. No, because sound is used only for communication.
B. No, because it leads others in panic if a loud sound will be produced.
C. Yes, because a loud sound can drive away a strong typhoon or flood.
D. Yes, because a loud sound can be the fastest way inform the community that
a disaster might come.
3. Which of the following gives the correct order of speed of sound from slowest to
fastest in the given material?
A. air, steel, water
B. steel, water, air
C. water, air, steel
D. air, water, steel
4. Which of the following is NOT capable of transporting sound?

A. Air
B. Ice
C. Water
D. Vacuum
5. Which of the following describes sound wave?

A. Oceanic wave
B. Standing wave
C. Transverse wave
D. Longitudinal wave
6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sound?

A. Amplitude
B. Velocity
C. Wavelength
D. Zone
7. In what material does sound travel the fastest?

A. Gas
B. Liquid
C. Solid
D. Vacuum
For item numbers 8-10: Solids, liquids, and gases are different in terms of its molecules.
These molecules are important in production and transmission of sounds effectively.
SOLI LIQUI GAS

D D
8. Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between a

sound and medium?
A. Sound is affected by different media.
B. Sound cannot pass in different media except in gas.
C. Sound is affected by different molecules of each given material. Thus, it
makes this travels fast and slow.
D. Sound is not affected by different molecules of each given material. Thus, it
makes this travels fast and slow.
9. What makes sounds travel faster in solid than in gas?
A. The arrangement of molecules
B. The arrangement of the container
C. The temperature of each material
D. The temperature of each container
10. Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched in terms of the arrangement

of molecules?
A. Gas-far
B. Liquid-very far
C. Solid-compact
D. Solid-condensed
11. Which of the following statements are TRUE on solid materials?

I. Solid materials make sound moves fast.
II. Solid materials have compact molecules.
III. Solid materials are the best materials that allows sound to moves
fastest
IV. Solid materials does not allow sound particles to move faster than
in other materials
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I, II, and III only
12. Read the statements carefully. Which of the following BEST describes the two
statements given?
Statement I: Sound is a longitudinal wave.

Statement II: Sound may pass through different materials with different speeds.
A. Both statements I and II are TRUE.

B. Both statements I and II are FALSE.
C. Statement I is FALSE while statement II is TRUE.
D. Statement I is TRUE while statement II is FALSE.
statements given?
Statement I: Molecules of gases are farther apart; it makes sound travels the
slowest.
Statement II: Molecules of solid are very close; it makes sound travels the
fastest.

C. Statement I is False while statement II is TRUE.
14. Which of the following statements are TRUE about the speed of sound?
I. The speed of sound may vary in each material.
II. The speed of sound depends in one material.
III. The speed of sound changes as it passes through different media.
IV. The speed of sound is constant as it passes through different media.
A. I and II only
B. I, II and III only
C. II, III and IV only
D. I, II and III only
15. Each object can produce a unique sound. Are all objects able to produce sound
without producing any vibrations?
A. No, because all objects are vibrating objects.
B. Yes, objects can make sound without vibration.
C. No, because to produce sound it requires vibrations.
D. Yes, objects can produce sound with and without vibrations.
What’s In
Hello, Learner! In the previous module, you inferred that waves carry energy.
Waves can be typified according to the direction of motion of the vibrating particles with
respect to the direction in which the waves travel. The different types of waves are
transverse, longitudinal and surface waves. These waves can carry energy through
vibrations.
But how are vibrations produced? Does sound have vibrations too? Is this vibration
produced related to the characteristics of sound? The answer is yes. This time we will try
to identify the three concepts in describing the characteristics of sound.
Directions: Find the 3 words that will describe characteristics of sound using the word
bank below. Underline the word and describe each of them on the space provided. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1.
2.
3.
What’s New
The previous activity asked you to identify the different characteristics of sound.
This time we will describe each of its characteristic using the poem below.
This poem will explain more about the concept of each characteristic. Let’s start
by reading the poem and answering the guide questions below. Write your answer on a
CAN YOU HEAR ME?
by: Jaypee Kadalem Balera
Sounds are everywhere
They are different, you can compare
From one medium they are there
Some of them are nice to hear
Sounds have different speeds

Depends on the medium its velocity indeed
Some are slow but some are fast if you believe They
travel in gas, liquid and also in solid
If you hear them loud

It’s amplitude makes it like sound of a crowd
The distance of crest or trough Makes
the beauty that is true
If it seems the sound is close or away

Wavelength will tell you how far its way
Just hear to make them stay
To understand them clear of what they say
The beauty of sound goes around Appreciate

the gift that makes them bound
Remember that sound make us bond Vibration
is the cause that produces sound
Guide Questions:
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Do sounds vary in speed? If yes, how?
2. How does the poem define amplitude?
3. How does the poem define wavelength?
4. How does sound produce?
What is It
When we talk, it is observed that our vocal chords vibrate. The vibrations make us
produce a variety of sounds. Vibration can either be to-and-fro or back-and-forth. It is a
disturbance that travels through different media. This movement travels from our ears and
is interpreted by our brain. Sound waves are longitudinal waves are classified as
mechanical waves because it needs a medium in order to propagate.
Sound waves can travel in different medium such as solid, liquid and gas.
How? Try to do this?
Set-up 1
Place your ear against one end of a table top. Ask your friend or family member to
gently tap the other end of the table. Listen.
Try again but this time your ear should not be touching the table. Listen.
Set-up 2
Place your ear on a surface of a pail full of water. Ask your friend or family member
to gently tap the container on the other side Listen
Try again but this time your ear should not touch the water. Listen.
Set-up 3
Ask your friend or family member to stand a distance away from you while holding
can. Have them tap the can then listen.
Try again but this time asks your friend or family member to move 10 steps
forward. Listen.
In the previous set-up, you have observed that sound is produced by tapping the
table, container and can. The vibrations created by tapping produced the sound. This also
shows that sound travels through different media. Sound is more distinct in solids than in
any other medium. It is louder than that of in liquid and in gas. It is because the particles
of a solid are more compact than that of liquid and gas. This allows for sound to travels
fastest in solid and slowest in gas. Can you identify which of the following states of matter
do the figures represent?
Figure 1: States of matter

The table shows the speed of sound in different media.
SPEED OF
MATERIALS SOUND
v (m/s)
Air (0ºC) 331
He (0ºC) 1005
H (20ºC) 1300
Water 1440
Seawater 1560
Iron and Steel 5000
Aluminum 5100
Hardwood 4000
The speed of sound is also dependent

on other factors such as (1) atmospheric
pressure, (2) relative humidity, and (3)
atmospheric temperature.
These factors are also identified in your
previous lesson. Just for example in low lands
with hot surroundings, sound travels faster.
Why? Because there is more molecular
interaction that takes place in hot air. Hot air
has more kinetic energy and so there is an
increase in the mean velocity of the (b) (c)
molecules.
Sound also travels faster in a less dense

substance. Hence, sound waves travel slower
in humid air during cloudy day than in dry air
during sunny day.
Sound also possesses

characteristics of a wave. These are (a)
Figure 2: a. thermometer, b.
cloudy weather c. hygrometer
lowness of sound. Loudness is how soft or how intense the sound is as perceived by the ear and
interpreted by the brain.
Sound can be identified using the pitch and loudness. How? Try to do this?
Get 2 different metal spoons with different sizes.

Drop it to the ground one after the other.
Listen to the sound produced .
Get 2 different metal plates with different sizes.

Drop it to the ground one after the other.
Listen to the sound produced.
You have observed that each material has different pitch and loudness. The thin
metal spoon or plate has a higher pitch while a bigger metal spoon or plate is louder than the
other.
When we listen to music, we talk

about pitch in terms of how we
perceive what we hear, but pitch is
actually directly related to the physics of
sound waves. The frequency of a sound
wave creates what we hear or perceive
as pitch. It is a measurement of how fast
the sound wave vibrates. As shown in
Figure 3, the more quickly a sound wave
vibrates (the shorter the period), the
higher the pitch; slower vibration (longer
period) results in a lower pitch.
Everything we hear is made of sound Figure 3: Relationship of pitch with frequency
waves and, therefore, has a pitch.
The loudness is the measure of response of a sound by human ear. The loudness of
a sound is directly related to the square of its amplitude. As shown in Figure 4 when the
sound waves have small amplitude, the sound will be soft. On the other hand, is the sound
waves have a large amplitude the sound will be loud.
Figure 4: Relationship of amplitude
and loudness
The loudness and intensity of sound may also affect our hearing. The amount of
energy that a sound wave carries can damage our ears. High amplitude sound usually carry
large energy and have higher intensity while low amplitude sound carry lesser amount of
energy and have lower intensity. Sounds at or below 70dBA are considered safe while any
sound at or above 85dBA will more likely to damage our hearing over time.
Figure 5: Anatomy of the ear

These sounds are collected by the outer ear called pinna and focus them into the
ear canal. This canal transmits the sound waves to the eardrum.
At the end of the ear canal is the ear drum that separates the outer and the middle
ear physically. Air vibrations set the eardrum membrane (tympanum) in motion that causes
the smallest bones to move (hammer/ malleus, anvil/incus and stirrup/stapes). These three
bones convert the small amplitude vibrations of the ear drum into large amplitude
oscillations. These oscillations are transferred to the inner ear through the oval window.
The large amplitude oscillations create waves that travel in liquid (cochlea) and are
converted into electrical impulses, which are sent to the brain by auditory nerve. The brain
interprets these signals as words, music or noise. Loud noise can damage cells and
membranes in the cochlea inside our ears. Exposure to loud sound for a long period of time
may cause damage and overwork hair cells in our ears, which can make cells die.
The table shows the sound level from different sound sources.
Source of sound LEVEL

(dB)
Jet engine, 30 m away 140
Amplified rock music 115
Normal conversation 60
Library 40
Close whisper 20
Normal breathing 10
Directions: Fill in the following circles with greater than (>) or less than sign (<).
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Situation Number 1:
Karlee’s father is very familiar with the speed of sound. He is able to identify
in which material can sound have the fastest speed. Use these symbols to compare
which material can transmit sound greater/faster.
AIR HELIUM
WATER SEA WATER
IRON STEEL ALUMINUM
HARD WOOD AIR

Situation Number 2:
Cloe’s mother is very familiar with the intensity of sound. She is able to identify
which source of sound has the least loud sound. Use these symbols to compare. Which
situation or location has a greater/louder sound?
NORMAL
JET ENGINE
BREATHING
AMPLIFIED
LIBRARY
ROCK MUSIC
NORMAL
JET ENGINE CONVERSATION
NORMAL
LIBRARY
BREATHING
What I Have Learned
Directions: Read carefully and answer the following. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
Test A. Arrange the following materials where sound can travel the slowest to the
fastest, 1 as the slowest and 8 as the fastest.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Test B. Arrange the following source of sound from the lowest to highest sound
level/amplitude of sound, 1 as the lowest and 6 as the highest.
Jet engine Close whisper Library Rock Music Normal talking
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
6.
What I Can Do
In this present time, environmental problems are one of the major disaster that affects
our community. To inform everybody on the coming disater, we can create loud sounds
from different things in order to produce sound with larger amplitude, longer wavelenghth and
faster velocity. As a student, we must be prepared in order to make ourself and others
safe.
Directions: Draw an object that can be used as an early warning device considering a
loud sound must be produced. Write you’re answer in a separate sheet of paper.
Directions: Study the table below and grade your output based on the given criteria
below.
Criteria Advanced Proficient Developing Beginning Rate

10 points 7 points 5 points 3 points
Content
The output
a. is relevant to the Satisfies at Satisfies Satisfies Satisfies only
lesson least five only four only three one or two
b. can produce indicators indicators indicators indicator/s
loud sound
c. can be effectively
used during a
disaster
d.is easy to
recognize
f. Other indicators
please specify
.
Originality
The output
a. reflects original Satisfies at Satisfies Satisfies Satisfies only
work least five only four only three one or two
b. manifests indicators indicators indicators indicator/s
creativity
d. displays good
presentation
e. catches attention
f. Other indicators,
please specify
.
Neatness
The output
a. is visually Satisfies at Satisfies Satisfies Satisfies only
appealing least five only four only three one or two
b. contains no indicators indicators indicators indicator/s
scratches, tears, rips,
marks or folds
c. has color
coordination
d. has color
contrast
e. manifest
cleanliness
f. Other indicators,
please specify
.
Total
Assessment
Directions: Read carefully and analyze the questions. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sound?

A. Amplitude
B. Velocity
C. Wavelength
D. Zone
2. In which of the following materials does sound travel the fastest?

A. Helium
B. Sea water
C. Spoon
D. Fresh water
3. In which of the following does sound travel the slowest?

A. Hardwood
B. Helium
C. Hydrogen
D. Seawater
4. Which of the following is the correct sequence on the transmission of sound in the ear?
A. Ear canal – ear drum – middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes) - cochlea
B. Ear canal – middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes) - cochlea - ear drum
C. Middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes) - cochlea - ear drum - ear canal
D. Middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes) - ear drum - ear canal - cochlea
5. Which of the following media does sound travels fastest?

A. Air
B. Helium
C. Hydrogen
D. Water
6. Which of the following media does sound travels the slowest?

A. Aluminum
B. Harwood
C. Helium
D. Seawater
7. Which of the following figures is the correct diagram of a noise? A.
B.
C.
D.
8. Is it TRUE that all objects produce different sounds?

A. No, because objects are in uniform materials.
B. No, because all objects have the same sound even if when using different
materials.
C. Yes, because they are all made from different manufacturers.
D. Yes, because objects are made from different materials with different
properties.
9. What is the correct arrangement of materials where sound travels the fastest
slowest?
A. Solid – Liquid - Gas
B. Gas – Solid - Liquid
C. Liquid – Gas - Solid
D. Gas – Liquid - Solid
10. Karen was asked by her science teacher if the movement of sound can be faster in
solid than in liquid. She answered yes. Is Karen correct?
A. No, because sound travels faster in liquid than in solid.
B. No, because solid and liquid have the same speed of sound.
C. Yes, because solid components are more elastic than liquid.
D. Yes, because the molecules are more compressed in solid than in liquid.
11. How do humans benefit from sound?

A. It is used for respiration.
B. It is used for circulation.
C. It is used for communication.
D. It is used for the decomposition of wastes.
12.Read the statements carefully. Which of the following BEST describes the two
statements given?
Statement I: Sound makes us understand others.

Statement II: Sound gives us idea on the things around us.

statements given?
Statement I: Amplitude focuses on the loudness and intensity of sound.

Statement II: Frequency talks about the range of vibrations occurring in sound.
14.Sound can damage our ears. How can we protect our ears from getting damaged by
sound?
I. Keep away from sound with highest pitch and frequency.

II. Lessen the loudness of the source of sound.
III. Stay away from high amplitude sound that carries large energy.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
15. What will happen if our ear absorbs high intensity sound?
A. Some parts of the ear will carry out 50% of its function.
B. Our ears would be damaged but it will take hours? to function normally.
C. Our ears will no longer perform its function and we will become deaf.
D. The organ will be more functional as it is resistant from high intensity
sound.
Directions: Using the given pictures, identify which of the following pictures refers
to amplitude, frequency, wavelength of sound and describe how each
one affects the characteristic of sound on the space provided. Write your
Science 7
Light
What I Need to Know
Our environment is surrounded by different forms of energy that travel through a wave
such as sound energy and groups of electromagnetic spectrums. These forms of energy differ in
their characteristics and properties. One part of the electromagnetic spectrums is visible light that
travel also in a form of wave just like other forms of energy.
Demonstrate an understanding on how to explain color and intensity of lights in terms

of its wave characteristics (S7LT-IIIh-i-12).
This module is divided into two lessons:

Lesson 1: Nature and Sources of Light
Lesson 2: Characteristics of light
After going through this lesson 1, you are expected to:

1. identify different sources of light,
2. determine the best kind of light source to produce the brightest light,
3. infer that the brightness of light is dependent on the distance of the light
source,
4. identify the characteristics and properties of visible lights, and
5. explore and describe the characteristics of color lights.
What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of your answer for each question.
Use a separate sheet for your answers.
1. How do you call objects that emit light?

A. luminous
B. non-luminous
C. opaque
D. transparent
2. Which of the following items best describes the nature of light?

A. current and wave
B. mass and particle
C. point and wave
D. wave and particle
3. The following are natural sources of light in the surroundings, EXCEPT

A. fire
B. flashlight
C. jellyfish
D. lightning
4. Which of the following are the correct reasons why we see a clear image of our face
when we look on the mirror?
I. A mirror has plane and smooth surface.
II. Incident light rays to a mirror get diffracted when it strikes a mirror.
III. Incident light rays to the mirror get refracted on the surface of mirror.
IV. Incident light rays to a mirror get reflected when it strikes on plane surface.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. I and IV only
D. III and IV only
5. According to Louis de Broglie, why is light said to have a dual nature?

A. It shows the properties of wave only.
B. It exhibits the properties of reflection.
C. It has both interference and polarization effect.
D. It displays the properties of both wave and particle.
6. Who among the scientists below formulated the wave theory of light?
A. Isaac Newton
B. Louis de Broglie
C. Christian Huygens
D. James Clerk Maxwell
7. Which of the following is NOT a property of light?
A. Direction
B. Frequency
C. Intensity
D. Width
8. Which of the following materials would reflect light the most?
A. black rock
B. dark brown carpet
C. flat sheet of aluminum foil
D. piece of red construction paper
9. The distance of an observer from two identical kinds of light sources varies. Light source A is
200 centimeters away while the light source B is 300 centimeters away from the observer.
Does light source A give higher light intensity than light source B?
A. Yes, because it is away from the observer

B. Yes, because it is much closer to the observer
C. No, because the distances of light source vary
D. No, because its distance is closer from the observer
10.The intensity of light is inversely proportional to the distance from the eye of the observer.
Which of the following statements explain the relationship between intensity and distance?
I. As the distance increases, the intensity of light decreases because it spreads out
over a larger surface area.
II. When the distance increases, the intensity of light increases because the light
rays compressed in larger surface area.
III. If the distance increases, the intensity of light decreases because light waves
spread out more in its surrounding.
A. I, II, and III
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
For items 11 to 13, refer to the illustration below. Suppose two identical kinds of light sources,
A and B, shines on a surface of a board when placed 100 cm to the left and 50 cm to the right
of the board, respectively.
A B
100 cm 50 cm
11.Will the light intensity measured on the cardboard facing light source A is higher than
the side facing light source B?
A. No, because light source A is farther from the cardboard than light source B.
B. Yes, because light source A is farther from the cardboard than light source B.
C. Yes, because light source B is much closer to the cardboard than light source A.
D. No, because the distance of light sources has no effect on their light intensities.
12.How does the amount of light intensity of light source B compare to light source A as
measured on the surface of the cardboard?
A. They have equal light intensities.

B. They have varying light intensities per time.
C. The side facing light source A has greater light intensity.
D. The side facing light source B has greater light intensity.
13.Which of the following statements correctly describes the brightness of light sources A
and B?
I. Light source A is brighter than light source B.

II. Light source B is brighter than light source A.
III. Light sources A and B produce unequal brightness.
IV. No differences in brightness between light sources A and B.
A. I, and II only
B. II and III only
C. III and IV only
D. I, II, and III only
14.Which of the following terms best describes an object that emit energy in the form of
light?
A. Fluorescence
B. Incandescence
C. Luminous
D. Phosphorescence
15. The following objects are luminous, EXCEPT .

A. sun
B. moon
C. burning wood
D. flashlight switched on
What’s In
Activity 1: Find Me!
Directions: The statements on the left are from famous scientists listed with their names on
the right. Match the statements with the correct scientists who authored them.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
He was a mathematician, physicist and astronomer who

formulated the wave theory of light that postulated that the Louis de Broglie
1.
more light was "bent" or refracted by a substance, the slower
it would move while propagating across that substance.
An English physicist and mathematician, who pointed out in

2. his 1704 book Optics, that "Light is never known to follow
Isaac Newton
crooked passages nor to bend into the shadow". This concept
is consistent with the particle theory, which proposes that
light particles must always travel in straight lines.
Born in Dieppe, France on 15 August in 1892, grew up in a

3. rich, aristocratic family and came up with what is now James Clerk
known as the dual Nature of Light. He explained that light Maxwell
can behave like a particle and can also as a wave.
He was born on June 13, 1831 at Edinburgh, Scotland and died

4. November 5, 1879, Cambridge, Cambridge shire,England. He
Christian Huygens
was a Scottish Physicist best known for his formulation of
electromagnetic theory of light.
Activity 2: Sources of light
Directions: Using the Sun’s diagram pattern, identify different sources of light in our
surroundings. Make a similar diagram and write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
Illustrated by: Ma. Sheila S. Manila
Questions:
1. What do you think are the sources of light?

2. Which of these sources of light are natural?
3. Which of these sources of lights are artificial?
4. How will you differentiate natural and artificial sources of light?
What’s New
Directions: Study and perform the activity given below by following the procedures properly.
Provide the materials needed and take note of the precautionary measures. Do
the activity with the supervision of an adult.
Materials:
• Rechargeable light bulb (Incandescent Bulb)
• Candle/ Kerosene lamp
• ½ size index card/ cardboard (5 inches by 8 inches)
• Ruler
• Match box and stick
Caution!
Please be extremely careful when using candles, kerosene lamp and rechargeable
incandescent bulb. Avoid unattended or careless use of candles. Put off the candle
/kerosene lamp after using. Do your activity seriously to avoid any accident. Set
up your experiment away from easily burning materials. The activity needs the
assistance of your parents, guardian, or adult.
Procedures:
1. Prepare a ½ size index card/ cardboard (5 inches by 8 inches).
2. Make a hole at the center of your ½ size index card of about 5 cm diameter.
3. Arrange your light bulb (A) and candle (B) in a straight line a distance of 200 cm from
each other. Place your index card (C) 200 cm away from the two sources of light forming
an equilateral triangle similar to the diagram given.
4. Switch on your light bulb and observe the light passing through the hole of the
index card.
5. Switch off the light bulb and light on your candle, observe the light passing through the
hole of the index card.
6. Move the candle (B) to about 50 cm closer to the index .
7. Repeat steps # 4 and 5 and observe the brightness of light in different positions.
8. Write your observations from steps # 4, #5, and #6 on a separate sheet of paper.
9. Answer the following guide questions using a separate sheet of paper.
Guide Questions:
1. Which of the two produced brighter light during same position?
2. Why did the light bulb and candle differ in brightness?
3. Did the brightness of light from the incandescent bulb and candle change with
distance?
4. How is the brightness of light affected by distance from the light source?
5. From your observation, how does light travel?
6. Which source of light will you prefer to use at night; candle or incandescent bulb?
Why?
Rubric Scoring
Criteria 5 3 1 Score
Provided detailed Provided clear Provided unclear
explanation and explanation but explanation and
Knowledge complete response to incomplete incomplete
the question. response to the response to the
question. question.
Quality of Provided very good Provided good Provided poor
Observation observations in steps observations in observations in
number 4, 5, 6 and steps number 4, steps 4, 5, 6, and
7. 5, 6, and 7. 7.
What is It
The Nature of Light
Centuries ago, light was studied by several well-known scientists. Let’s consider four
scientists whose contributions to understanding light are valuable. First, was Sir Isaac
Newton, one who believed that light behaves like a particle and pointed out in his 1704 book
Optics, that "Light is never known to follow crooked passages nor to bend into the shadow".
This concept is consistent with the particle theory of light, which proposes that light particles
must always travel in straight lines. Second, was Christian Huygens who believed that light
behaves like a wave. He believed that there is a medium called ether that carried light waves.
Third scientist was, Louis de Broglie who came up with what is now known as the Dual-
Nature of Light. He explained that light can behave like a particle and as a wave. Fourth
scientist was James Clark Maxwell who proposed the Electromagnetic Theory of Light.
Through their thorough study of light along with their contemporary scientists, we understand
the characteristics of light.
What is light?
Light is a form of energy found in our surroundings. Light from the sun is a source of
energy that can run different technologies throughout the world. Light can be natural or man-
made, but no matter how it was formed, we utilize it in different ways in every single day of
our lives. It has wavelike nature and particle-like nature and it travels in a straight-line path
with or without medium. When light waves strike an object, some light might be reflected, and
a portion may be absorbed. For example, when light rays are incident to the surface of a plane
mirror, it will reflect and form images. Opaque materials do not allow light to pass through
instead it will be absorbed and converted into heat. Transparent materials allow light to get
through and translucent materials partly allow light to get through.
Sources of light
Natural sources of light include the sun, which is the main source of energy, stars very
far from the planet earth, fire that provides heat and lightning that occurs from our
atmosphere during bad weather. These sources of lights are present naturally in the universe
and are not made by human beings.
Sun Star Lightning Fire
Illustrated from laptop basic shapes Photo: Courtesy of Ma. Sheila S. Manila
There are also artificial or man-made sources of light such as incandescent bulb,
candle, matches, and gas lamps. These are man-made sources of light which are very useful
during the nighttime.
Kerosene lamp Incandescent bulb Candle Match sticks
Photos: Courtesy of Ma. Sheila S. Manila
All objects that are capable to emit light are known as luminous objects such as the
sun, incandescent bulb, candle, flashlight, matches, and gas lamps. Non-luminous objects
are those that cannot produce light such as moon, rocks, water, and soil.
Q1. Do you know other things that can be classified as luminous objects? Cite examples.
The brightness of light depends on the light source and the distance from the light source.
However, its quality is dependent in the person’s perception. Brightness can be measured
using luminous intensity and expressed with a unit known as candela (cd). Luminous
intensity is a measure of the radiant power emitted by any source of light in a given direction
and is dependent on the wavelength of light being emitted. It is weighted to the sensitivity of
the human eye, by what is called the standard luminosity function. There are special
instruments that can be used luminous intensity such as a photometer.
Q2. How will you calculate the luminous intensity of incandescent bulb and candle or kerosene
lamp?
Below is the formula in computing the luminous intensity of incandescent bulb.

Please refer to the given values in What’s New activity.
Illuminance of incandescent bulb = Luminous intensity of candle x distance of bulb2

Distance of candle2
l1=l2x d12
Where d22
l1 – luminous intensity of the first source (e.g., Incandescent Bulb) l2-

luminous intensity of the second source of light (e.g., candle) d1-
distance of the first source of light from the index card
d2- distance of the second source of light from the index card
Given: Formula Solution
1. Distance (d1) of bulb l 1 = l 2 l1= l2 x d12
from index card = 200 cm
d12 d22 d22
2.Distance (d2) candle
l1== l2 (200 cm )2
from the index card= 50 l1 (d22) = (l2d12)
cm (50 cm)2
l1= l2(40000cm2)
l1= l2 x d12 2500 cm 2)
d22 l1= 16 l2
Based on the result of the computation, the intensity of the incandescent bulb is 16
times greater than the candle.
The nature of light as a particle explains why its intensity changes with distance. The
particles of light are also called photons. At the source, photons are closer. The number of
photons is another factor that affects the intensity of light.
Q1. What does the Brightness of light mean? Q2.

What is luminous intensity of light?
Light intensity refers to the strength or amount of light produced by a specific lamp
source. Light intensity it is the measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light
source. Intensity is defined to be the power per unit area, and it has the units of Watt per square
meter (W/m2).
Intensity=Power/Area or I = P/A
Where:
I= Intensity
P= Power (Watts)
A= Area of sphere (4 π r2)
Π= 3.14
r = radius (distance of light source from the center of sphere)
Sample Problem: Suppose a light source (bulb) has 300 Watts. What is the intensity of light if
the distance from the light source is 20 meters?
Given: Solution:
Power= 300 Watts Intensity (I) = Power/Area I
r= 20m = 300 W/ 4 (3.14) (20m)2
I = 300 W/ 12.56 (400 m2) I
= 300 W/5,024 m2
I = 0.06 W/m2
What’s More
Directions: Study the table given and enhance your mathematical ability in computing the
luminous intensity of the two sources of light. Apply the equation of light
intensity from the “What is it” part of the module. Use separate sheet of paper
for your answer.
Source of light Distance from the light
Incandescent bulb (100Watts) 1.5
Incandescent bulb (200Watts) 3
Guide Questions:
1. What is the intensity of each bulb?
2. Which of the incandescent bulbs produce higher luminous intensity? Support your
answer
3. Which is brighter, a 100 Watts or 200 Watts incandescent bulb? Why?
What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Natural or Man-Made?
Directions: Identify the following objects as Natural or artificial source of light. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Object/Matter Natural source of light/ artificial source of light
1. Flashlight
2. Star
3. Fireflies
4. Led light
5. Lightning
Activity 4: Luminous or Non-luminous?

Directions: Classify the following objects as luminous or non-luminous. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
Object/Matter Luminous or Non-luminous

1. Sun
2. Star
3. Moon
4. Kerosene lamp
5. Incandescent bulb
Activity 5: Complete Me!
Directions: Read and analyze the following statements given. Choose your answer inside the
box and fill in words/phrases in the blanks that will make the statements correct.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
luminous intensity Christian Huygens Isaac Newton luminous

natural sources of light electromagnetic theory of light non-luminous
1. The one who explained that light behaves like a particle and a wave
was .
2. The one who formulated the wave theory of light was
3. James Clark Maxwell was the scientist who proposed the
4. Objects that are capable to produce light are known as
5. A measure of the radiant power emitted by any source of light in a given direction is
known as
What I Can Do?
Directions: During total solar eclipse, the moon passes between the sun and earth. During
this astronomical event, the moon totally blocks out the sun’s light on a specific surface of
earth. Using the concepts, you have learned about light, draw a diagram similar below, add
color, label, and describe the illustration including which of the heavenly bodies emit light
(luminous) and does not emit light (non-luminous). Write your answer on a separate of paper.
RUBRICS
Application All directions Some directions are Few directions are
followed not followed followed
Knowledge Provides detailed Provides Provides unclear
explanation explanation explanation
Assessment
Use a separate sheet for your answers
1. Which of the following terms best describes an object that emit energy in the form of
light?
A. Fluorescence
B. Incandescence
C. Luminous
D. Phosphorescence
2. Which of the following objects is non-luminous?

A. sun
B. moon
C. burning wood
D. flashlight switched on
3. Choose which of the following reasons correctly explain why we can able to see
objects from our surroundings?
I. Our eyes give out light to our surroundings
II. Light refraction which makes the light bends into our eyes
III. Light from any sources can move through space and reach our eyes.
IV. When light strikes on smooth and plane surface it will reflects to form image
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. III and IV only
4. Which of the following describes the nature of light according to Louis de Broglie?
A. wave and point
B. wave and energy
C. particle and wave
D. particle and energy
5. Which forms of energy enable us to see the beauty of our nature and appreciate the
colors of objects through our eyes?
A. Chemical
B. Heat
C. Light
D. Sound
6. When light hits an object like an opaque object, it will not pass through. Which of the
following statements are TRUE about light based on this statement?
I. Light is reflected on an object

II. Light is absorbed and converted to heat
III. Light will bend and reflect to form a clear image
IV. Light energy passes through and will transform to another form.
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. III and IV only
7 Which of these examples inside the box are natural sources of light?
I. Sun, moon, stars, and fire
II. Sun, stars, lightning, fire, and fireflies
III. Sun, lightning, and incandescent bulb.
IV. Fire, lightning, candle, stars, and fireflies
A. I & II only
B. II & III only
C. I, II & III only
D. I, II, III and IIV
8. The nature of light depends on what type of theory?

A. Wave theory
B. Particle theory
C. Photon theory
D. Wave and particle theory
9. Louis de Broglie was one of the scientists who said that light have a dual nature.
Which of the statements are true regarding the nature of light?
I. Light exhibits the properties of wave.
II. Light exhibits the properties of particle.
III. Light has both interference and polarization effect.
IV. Light doesn’t reflect the properties of both wave and particle.
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. III and IV only
10. Which of the following objects would reflect light the most?
A. bottle
B. glass
C. mirror
D. paper
11. The following are sources of light capable to convert electrical energy into light
energy, EXCEPT
A. fireflies
B. flashlight
C. fluorescent lamp
D. incandescent bulb
12. When you look in a mirror, which of the following will cause formation of an
image?
A. Absorption
B. Reflection
C. Refraction
D. Transmission
13. The following are natural sources of light, EXCEPT

A. fire
B. fireflies
C. lightning
D. incandescent bulb
For items 14 and15, refer to the illustration below. Suppose two identical kinds of light
sources, A and B, shines on a surface of a board when placed 200 cm to the left and 100
cm to the right of the board, respectively.
A B
200 cm 100 cm
14. Based on the illustration, does the light intensity observed from the side of the
cardboard facing light source B higher than that of the side facing light source A?
A. No, because source A and B are the same kind of light.
B. Yes, because source B is farther from the cardboard than source A
C. Yes, because source B is much closer to the cardboard than source A
D. No, because the distance of light sources has no effect on their light intensities
15. How does the amount of light intensity of light source B compare to light source A as
measured on the surface of the cardboard?
A. The have equal light intensities.
B. They have varying light intensities per time.
C. The side facing light source A has greater light intensity.
D. The side facing light source B has greater light intensity.
Activity 6: Color Spectrum Wheel
Materials Needed
• Spectrum Wheel Pattern
• Cardboard or illustration board
• Button fastener
• Glue or Paste
• Scissor
• Crayons
Procedures:
1. Cut out a circular cardboard with a diameter of 6 inches making up a wheel as shown in
Figure A.
2. Cut out two rectangular shaped “windows” on the cardboard as shown in Figure A.
3. Prepare another circular cardboard with the same size as the first wheel.
4. Divide the circle creating a “pie” into eight equal parts. Make your own spectrum wheel
on the wheel by putting colors (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet, and the
words Frequency and Wavelength) in your cut-out wheel similar to Figure B.
5. Put the first wheel on top of the second. Punch a hole into the center of the two wheels
together. You may use a button fastener to hold the two cardboard wheels securely in place,
one on top of the other, but they should be free to rotate relative to each other.
6. When you see a region of the EM spectrum show up in the open window and the “W, F, E”
that correspond to that region showing up under the flaps then you know that you have done
it right.
Figure A: Spectrum Wheel

K to 12 Science 7 Learner’s Material (Page 227)
ORANGE RED
484THz 422THz
620nm 700nm
YELLOW FREQUENY
517THz WAVELENGTH
580nm
NEAR UV
GREEN
1000THz
566THz
300nm
530nm
BLUE VIOLET
638THz 744THz
470nm 400nm
Figure B: Spectrum Wheel

Rubric Scoring
Application All procedures were Some procedures Few procedures
followed were not followed were followed
Output Completed outputs Completed outputs Incomplete

and the same with the but not the same outputs
given example with the given
example
Guide Questions:
1. What is a spectrum wheel?
2. What is the purpose of these two spectrum wheels?
What I Know
1. Which of the following colors comes between blue and violet in the visible spectrum of
light?
A. green
B. indigo
C. orange
D. violet
2. What are the three additive primary colors of light?
A. green, red, and blue
B. red, green, and violet
C. Red, blue, and yellow
D. Orange, green, and indigo
3. What do we call the range of light frequencies that we can see?

A. visible spectrum
B. audible spectrum
C. chromatic spectrum
D. electromagnetic spectrum
4. Which of the following characteristics will describes a red light spectrum which has a
low frequency?
A. longer wavelength
B. shorter wavelength
C. lower in amplitude
D. higher in amplitude
5. The following electromagnetic waves are invisible to the human eye, EXCEPT
A. infrared
B. microwave
C. visible spectrum
D. X-rays
6. Which combinations of light colors to form white light color?

A. red, green, and blue
B. indigo, blue and violet
C. blue, green and yellow
D. blue, yellow and orange
7. A red apple is under a blue light source. What color will the apple reflect?
A. black
B. blue
C. red
D. yellow
8. The infrared (IR) radiation and ultraviolet radiation are both electromagnetic waves (EM).
Infrared has longer wavelength compared with ultraviolet radiation. Does infrared have higher
frequency than ultraviolet radiation?
A. Yes because infrared has longer wavelength than ultraviolet
B. No because the electromagnetic wave with longer wavelength has lower frequency.
C. Yes because wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves are directly proportional.
D. No because wavelength and frequency of infrared and ultraviolet radiations are directly
proportional
9. Choose which of the following order of the Electromagnetic waves shows the increasing
order of frequency and wavelength respectively?
I. Gamma, X-ray, Ultraviolet, Visible light, Infrared, Microwave, Radio

II. Visible light, Microwave, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma, Radio
III. Microwave, Radio, Visible light, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma
IV. Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. I and IV only
D. I, II, III and IV
10. Which of the following statements are TRUE about the behavior of light?
I. Light can travel through vacuum.
II. Light can travel in a straight line.
III. Light does not need a medium in order to propagate.
IV. Light does not bend when crossing the boundary of two media.
A. I, and II only
B. II and III only
11. Choose which of the following order of the visible spectrum show the increasing order of
frequency and wavelength respectively?
I. Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Indigo, Violet, Blue
II. Violet, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Indigo, Blue
III. Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
IV. Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. III and IV only
For items12and13 refer to the illustration below.

12. From the illustration, which of the following are the correct parts of the wave?
A. Upper, bottom, crest, and trough
B. Trough, wavelength, width, and crest
C. Trough, Crest, wavelength, and amplitude
D. Wavelength, amplitude, trough, and distance
13.Based on the illustration, which of the following statements correctly describes the
following parts of a wave?
I. Wavelength is the distance between two crests or trough.
II. Upper and bottom are parts found on top and lower parts of wave.
III. Trough indicates lowest point while crest is the highest point of the wave.
IV. Amplitude is the distance between the center of the wave tothe crest or trough.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. I, II and IV only
14. Which of the following visible light colors have the longest wavelength and highest
frequency?
A. Blue and red
B. Red and violet
C. Red and green
D. Orange and violet
15. Violet light has the highest frequency among the visible light colors. Is its
frequency directly proportional to its wavelength?
A. No, because the longer wavelength the higher its frequency
B. No, because wavelength is always inversely proportional to frequency.
C. Yes, because the longer the wavelength the higher the frequency of visible light
colors
D. Yes, because the wavelength and frequency of visible light colors are directly
proportional to each other
What’s In
Activity 1: The wave parts!

Directions: From your previous lesson in module 1, try to recall the following parts of a wave.
On a separate sheet of paper, draw similar diagram in Figure 1 and identify the
labelled parts of the wave.
Figure 1: Parts of Wave
Q1. What are the parts of the wave?

Q2. What is the highest peak of the wave called? Q3.
How does you call the lowest part of the wave?
Q4. What do you call the part between two highest and lowest points of the wave?
Activity 2: The shorter, the higher one!
Directions: Examine Figure 2 the Electromagnetic Waves and Table 1 the characteristics of
electromagnetic waves. Analyze the order of different EM waves in terms of
wavelength and frequency. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet
of paper.
Figure 2: Electromagnetic Spectrum
Directions: Complete the Table 1 below by getting the product of frequency and wavelength.
Table 1: Characteristics of Electromagnetic Wave

EM Spectrum Energy Frequency Wavelength Frequency x
wavelength
RADIO WAVE 10-7 3x 107 10
MICROWAVE 10 -4 3x10 10
10-2
INFRARED 10 -3 3x 10 11
10-3
VISIBLE LIGHT 1 or10 3x10 10-5
ULTRAVIOLET 10 3x 1015 10-7
X-RAY 103 3x1017 10-9
GAMMA RAY 10 6 3x10 20
10-12
Q1. What are the different EM waves?
Q2. What are the characteristics of the EM waves?
Q3. How are the frequency and wavelength related for a specific region of the spectrum?
Q4. What have you observed with the values of the product of frequencies and wavelengths of
the different spectra?
Q5. How is energy related to frequency of a wave?
Q6. Which of the electromagnetic waves is most visible to human eye? Q7.
How many colors observed in a light?
Q8. What do you think are the characteristics and properties of light spectrum?
Rubric Scoring
Knowledge complete incomplete response incomplete response
response to the to the question to the question
question
Directions: Perform the activity and answer the question on a separate sheet of paper. Materials
Needed
• Color Spectrum Wheel Pattern (Refer to your output from the additional activity)
K to 12 Grade 7 Science Learner’s Material ( Pages :227-231)
Procedures:
1. Punch a hole at the center of the two wheels. You may use a button fastener to secure the
two wheels together one on top of the other, but they should be free to rotate relative to
each other.
2. When you see a region of the Color spectrum show up in the open window and the "W, F,
E" that correspond to that region showing up under the flaps then you know that you have
done it right.
3. Try out your Color Spectrum Wheel by positioning the inner most of the flaps on COLOR
SPECTRUM. This will simultaneously position the other flaps to ENERGY,
WAVELENGTH & FREQUENCY.
4. Turn the upper wheel and observe the combinations.
5. Fill in the Table 2 with the corresponding combinations you have observed using your
Spectrum Wheel and compute for the product between frequency and wavelength in a
TABLE 2: Characteristics and properties of lights

Color Wavelength Frequency Frequency x wavelength
Spectrum ( x 10-9 m) ( x 10 12/ s) ( m/s)
Red 700 422 (422x1012m) (700X10-9s) = 295,400 x 103m/s
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Q1. Which color registers the highest frequency?

Q2. Which color has the shortest wavelength?
Q3. Which color registers the lowest frequency?
Q4. Which color has the longest wavelength?
Q3. Explain the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of light?
Q4. What did you observe with the product of wavelength and frequency for each color?
Rubric Scoring
Knowledge complete incomplete response incomplete response
response to the to the question to the question
question
What is It
Light is one of the electromagnetic waves with a wavelength which can be perceived by
the human eye. It is given off by stars like the sun or other luminous objects from our
surroundings. Visible spectrum is made up of different colors called as rainbow of colors such
as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet (an acronym of ROYGBIV). Colors of
light or the visible spectrum can be described according to their wavelength and frequency.
The wavelength of light is the distance between corresponding points in two adjacent
light cycles, and the frequency of light is the number of cycles of light that pass a given point
in one second. The unit 1 per second or Hertz (Hz) is the unit of frequency.
Increasing frequency but decreasing in wavelength
VISIBLE SPECTRUM
Based on the diagram given, wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency of the

wave. Waves with higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths, and lower frequencies have
longer wavelengths. When the frequency of visible light increases, the wavelength decreases.
From the seven colors of light, the red color has the longest wavelength, but it has the lowest
frequency among the light spectrum. However, the violet color has the shortest wavelength,
but it has the highest frequency. Therefore, the amount of frequency or the wavelength of light
will be determined by its characteristic like color.
From Table 2 in what’s new activity, the product between the wavelength and
frequency of each color of light is its speed. The speed of light depends on its frequency and
wavelength. Each color travels at different speeds when they travel through a medium such
as air, water, and solid materials. All colors of light as well as the members of the EM spectrum
travel at common sped, called the speed of light (c). The speed of light in vacuum is 3x108 m/s.
However, the violet color of light carries the highest energy due to its high frequency.
Light of any color can be made by mixing the three additive primary colors: RED, BLUE,
and GREEN light colors. White light is produced when the light beams of primary colors will
overlap. Yellow is projected when green and red-light overlap. Similar with the magenta color,
it is produced between overlapping red and blue light colors. Cyan color is produced between
blue and green light.
What’s More
Directions: Study further about light and its characteristics. What are the primary colors of
light? Is it possible to mix different colors of light to create another color? Perform the activity
given and answer the table and questions on a separate sheet of paper.
Activity 3: Amazing colors
Materials needed:
• Different colors of Plastic filter (Green, Blue, Red)

• Three flashlights (same kind and sizes)
• Rubber bands
• White board/bond paper
Procedures:
1. Cover each lens of the three flashlights with different colors of plastic filter or
colored cellophanes; Blue, Green, and Red color.
2. Try to explore the colors of light. Shine these flashlights covered by different colors of
plastic filter on the white board or bond paper and note the projected color.
Table 3: Color that you see

Color of Plastic Filter Color that you see projected on the screen
Green 1.
Blue 2.
Red 3.
3. Ask two persons to hold the two other flashlights while you are holding one of it.
4. Let two color lights from the flashlights overlap. Follow the color combination in the
Table 4.
Table 4: Resulting color
Color Combination Resulting Color
Green + Blue 1.
Blue + Red 2.
Red + Green 3.
Red + Green + Blue 4.
Guide Question
1. Describe the resulting colors of light mixed in Table 4
2. What color is projected on white or bond paper by each flashlight covered in blue, red,
and green plastic filter different colors of plastic filter?
3. What happens when you mix two or three primary colors of light?
Rubric Scoring
Provided good Provided good Provided not clear
and detailed explanation explanation
Knowledge explanation
What I Have Learned?

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the missing word/phrases on the blanks to make the
statements correct. Choose your answer inside the box and write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
brightness frequency violet blue red inversely directly visible light
1. it is part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by human eye. 2.

light has the shortest wavelength but highest frequency in the visible spectrum
while (3) light has the longest wavelength and lowest frequency.
4. The wavelength of light is the distance between corresponding points in two adjacent light
cycles, and the of light is the number of cycles of light that pass a given
point in one second.
5. The wavelength and the frequency of the visible spectrum are proportional
to each other.
II. Directions: Determine the color produced from the different combination of light colors.
Select your answer inside the box. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Violet Yellow White Magenta Cyan
Color combination of light colors Resulting color

Green + Blue 1.
Blue + Red 2.
Red + Green 3.
Red + Green + Blue 4.
What I Can Do
Activity 4: Lights in a straight path
Materials:
• Ruler
• Puncher/Pair of Scissors
• Flashlight (any size)/laser
• Modeling Clay or any sticky material
• Cardboard/index card at least 3 pcs with the same sizes
Procedures:
1. Prepare all materials needed for the activity.
2. Punch a hole at the center in each of your index card or cut out cardboard.
3. Position your 3 index cards or cut out cardboards in a straight line of at least one- foot
equal distance.
4. Use your clay to form a stand for index cards or cut out cardboards to support it
standing. Arrange the hole of 3 cards in a straight line.
5. Position your flashlight at one end of the row of your index cards or cutout cardboards.
6. Switch on your flashlight pointing the hole of one of the index cards or cut out
cardboard but see to it that light will not be covered by surface of the first card.
Guide Questions:
Q1. What happens to the light as it passes through the hole of the first index card or cardboard?
Q2. Does light travel in a straight line?
Q3. How will you prove that the light travels in a straight line?
Rubric Scoring
Knowledge complete response incomplete response incomplete
to the question to the question response to the
question
Assessment
1. Which of the following colors will result if the primary colors of light will be mixed?
A. black
B. pink
C. white
D. yellow
2. What color of the visible spectrum has the highest energy?
A. orange
B. green
C. red
D. violet
3. White light goes through a red filter, what color do we observed?

A. cyan
B. green
C. red
D. yellow
4. Based on the illustration, what does the arrow section of the wave show?
A. Amplitude
B. Crest
C. Trough
D. Wavelength
5. Choose which of the following orders of the Electromagnetic waves show the
increasing order of frequency and wavelength respectively?
I. Gamma, X-ray, Ultraviolet, Visible light, Infrared, Microwave, Radio
II. Visible light, Microwave, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma, Radio
III. Microwave, Radio, Visible light, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma
IV. Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. I and IV only
D. III and IV only
6. Which of the following is NOT an electromagnetic wave?

A. Infrared
B. Radio
C. Sound
D. X-ray
7. The following statements are related to the frequency and wavelength of visible light.
Which of the statements are TRUE?
I. Red light has the longest wavelength among visible lights

II. Violet light has highest frequency compared to green and blue light.
III. Yellow light has shorter wavelength compared to red and orange light.
VI. Red light has longer wavelength but lower in frequency, while violet light
has shorter wavelength but higher in frequency.
A. I and II only
B. I, II.III, and IV
C. I, II, and IV only
For items 8 -10 refer to the table below.
Color of light Wavelength ( x 10-9 m) Frequency ( x 10 12/ s)
Violet 400 744
Green 580 566
Yellow 530 517
Red 700 422
8. Which of the following is NOT true based on the table?
A. Different colors of light have different frequency.
B. Different colors of flight has different wavelengths.
C. When the wavelength is long, the frequency is low.
D. When the frequency is high, the wavelength is high
9. The table shows the number of wavelengths and frequencies of some visible lights. Are
wavelength and frequency of visible light inversely proportional to each other?
A. No, because the longer the wavelength the longer its frequency
B. No, because the wavelength and frequency of visible light are not equal
C. Yes, because the lower the frequency of visible light the longer its wavelength
D. Yes, because the higher the frequency of visible
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the relationship between
wavelength and frequency?
A. Wavelength of light is similar to its frequency
B. Wavelength and frequency are directly proportional to each other
C. Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional to each other
D. Wavelength and frequency both directly and inversely proportional to each other
11. Which of the following statements are TRUE about the behavior of light?
I. Light can travel through a vacuum.
II. Light can travel in a straight line.
III. Light does not need a medium in order to propagate.
IV. Light will always travel in a straight line even if they contact with another surface.
A. I, and II only
B. II and III only
12. What are the three colors of light when combined will produce white light?
A. red, green and blue
B. red, yellow and blue
C. red, yellow and green
D. red, orange and yellow
13. The red and violet lights are both visible lights. Red light has longer wavelength
compared with violet light. Does violet light have higher frequency than red light?
A. No, because violet light has shorter wavelength than red light.
B. Yes because violet light with shorter wavelength has higher frequency
C. No because the wavelength of visible light has no relations to its frequency.
D. Yes because wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves are directly
proportional.
14. What do you call the rainbow of colors with a range of values of wavelengths
and frequencies; Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet?
A. prism
B. shades
C. reflection
D. spectrum
15. When you combine all the colors of the visible light what color will we see?
A. black
B. green
C. red
D. white
Directions: Make a concept map similar below on a separate sheet of paper and complete
by supplying the correct sequence of electromagnetic waves and visible spectrum. The
sequence must be in increasing order of the frequency
Rubric Scoring
Knowledge With Lacking two correct Lacking more than five
complete answers correct answers
answer
Science 7
Heat
What I Need to Know
Hi! Have a great day! Welcome to our new lesson which is ‘It’s Getting Hot In Here!’.
For sure, you have used the word ‘heat’ many times in your life. You have experienced it; you
have observed its effects. But have you ever wondered what heat really is?
In this module we will explore and understand together how energy is transferred
between objects or places and how is this related to heat. You will also distinguish the
conducting materials from nonconducting materials as we discuss how heat transfer occur
in our everyday life.
Most Essential Learning Competency

Infer the conditions necessary for heat transfer to occur. (S7LT-IIIh-i12)
This module is divided into:

Lesson 1 – Heat’s Amazing
Lesson 2 – Heat In Our Daily Life!

1. define heat and explain the process of heat transfer;
2. identify and distinguish the methods of heat transfer;
3. distinguish conducting materials from non-conducting materials;
4. briefly discuss some examples of heat transfer used in everyday life.
What I Know
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write the letter of your
1. It refers to the transfer of heat that occurs within a body or between two bodies in
contact.
A. conduction
B. convection
C. fusion
D. radiation
2. Which of the following is TRUE about conductors?

A. Conductors are the materials that conduct heat well
B. Conductors are the materials that conduct heat poorly.
C. Conductors refers to the process of heat transfer from one object to
another.
D. Conductor refers to the process in which heat is carried from place to place by
the bulk movement of a fluid.
3. This describes the one direction, natural flow of heat.

A. hot to cold
B. cold to hot
C. both a and c
D. none of the above
4. The substance where heat transfer by convection occurs due to different

temperatures.
A. fluids only
B. gases only
C. liquids only
D. solids only
5. The transfer of heat due to electromagnetic waves and does not need a material
medium.
A. conduction
B. convection
C. fusion
D. radiation
6. Which of the following situations BEST describes heat transfer due to

radiation?
A. Boiling of hot water in a pan.
B. Algal blooms in ponds and lakes.
C. Warm water rises in a swimming pool.
D. Feeling warm while standing near a bonfire.
7. Which phrase BEST describes temperature?
A. Energy in transit due to differences in temperature.
B. Sum of all potential and kinetic energy of a system.
C. Degree of hotness or coldness of an object or a system.
D. The natural flow of heat transfer from hot to cold.
8. Which of the following is NOT an example of a conductor?

A. Aluminum
B. Metal
C. Steel
D. Wood
9. Which of the following are examples of a materials that conduct heat POORLY?
A. I and III only

B. I, II, and III only
10. Which of the following is NOT true for a black object?
I. It is a good emitter of radiation.

II. It is a poor emitter of radiation.
III. It is a good absorber of radiation.
IV. It is a poor absorber of radiation.
A. I and III only

B. I and IV only
C. II and III only
D. II and IV only
11. Which materials can be best used as handles/grips of cooking utensils?

A. Iron and silver
B. Copper and steel
C. Plastic and rubber
D. Aluminum and iron
12. Heat transfer due to conduction occur between objects that are in contact with each
other. Which of the following scenario/s are examples of heat transfer due to
conduction?
I. Heat of the sun striking your skin will cause sunburn.
II. Hot coffee is stirred with a spoon, soon the spoon gets hot.
III. Hot food will heat a stoneware or porcelain plate for a time.
IV. The metal skewer gets so hot that you drop your marshmallow in the
campfire.
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
13. Inside an air-conditioned room, metallic objects generally feel cooler to touch than
wooden objects. Why is this so?
A. I and III only

B. I and IV only
C. I, II and IV only
D. I, III and IV only
For items 14-15 only, tell whether the scenario is an example of a conduction,
convection, or radiation.
14. The type of heat transfer as shown when the person feels warm from the heat of the
sun.
A. conduction
B. convection
C. radiation
15. The type of heat transfer observed during daytime when it is too hot and the ice on the
glass easily melts.
A. convection
B. conduction
C. radiation
Lesson
Heat’s Amazing
1
What's In
There you go! Now, may I ask you, have you ever wondered how you can feel the
heat even if the sun is so far away from us? Or why is it cooler to wear a white shirt on a
sunny day than a black shirt? In your earlier grades, you learned that heat moves from the
source to other objects or places. Example is the kettle with water placed on top of a burning
stove. What do you think will happen to the water? Do you think the water will get hot
or remain cold?
This module will give you a better understanding about the methods of heat transfer
and how it is being used in your everyday lives. But before that let us try to guess the word
described by the letters and pictures below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
=
What's New
Hello dear! I hope you have a good day! Now let us proceed with a new lesson to be
presented through a poem. This poem will give your ideas that will lead you to answer the
following activities given in this module. Are you excited? Let’s start!
Activity I
Define heat and determine methods of heat transfer.
Heat’s Everywhere
by: Princess C. Bagaforo
Heat that keeps our days warm Can
be transferred in three ways
Conduction, convection, radiation
All are in motion
Heat that flows from hot object to cold object Is
a natural process of heat effect
As temperature is to hotness or coldness of an object Thermal
energy is to temperature differences between objects
Heat affects you in so many ways From

the warmth of the fireplace and
Light of the sun that strikes you in every ways
All are in motion due to heat’s radiation
Heat that is hard to beat
Can be carried from place to place without retreat
When warm air and cold air compete
All fluids and gases are in motion due to convection of heat
Heat can be transferred through direct contact of a material Is a
process which is essential
Conductor is to metal objects, as insulator is to plastic objects All
are in motion due to heat’s conduction.
Guide Questions:
1. What are the three methods of heat transfer stated in the poem?
2. What is ‘heat’ as stated in the poem?
3. How do you differentiate heat from temperature?
4. How does the heat flow on materials having different temperatures?
Activity II:
Distinguish conducting materials from non-conducting materials.
Materials: 3 types of spoon (wooden, metal, and plastic), hot water, mug
Procedure:
1. Fill the mug with boiling water.
2. Put all three spoons (wooden spoon, plastic spoon, and metal spoon) into the mug.
3. Arrange the spoons properly. Their handles should not touch one another.
4. After five minutes, feel the handle of each spoon. Try to observe which spoon still
feels hot and which spoon already feels cold.
Direction: Answer the following questions based from the given activity you performed.
1. Which spoon stays cooler when submerged in boiled water?
2. What type of object/s felt warm?
3. Which spoon is hot even though the handle is not submerged in the boiled
water?
4. How do you differentiate a conducting materials from non-conducting

materials?
Rubric for Activity II

Category 4 3 2 1
Some of the
All the answers Most of the answers are None of the
are correct. answers are correct. answers are
Accuracy & Completely correct. Somewhat correct. Ideas
Content relates to and Related ideas related ideas, are not related
expands the cover what we but does not to what we
ideas based on have on the add to what we have on the
the lesson. lesson. have on the lesson.
lesson
Some of the
Most of the
words are Spelling and
All spelling and words and
Spelling & spelled correctly grammar
grammar are grammar are
Grammar and errors are
correct. spelled
some grammar frequent.
correctly.
are correct.
What is It
What is Heat?
Have you ever heard of the term “thermal energy” before? Any object is said to possess
thermal energy due to its particles whether at rest or in motion. How is heat related to thermal
energy? Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for
its temperature. Heat is the flow of thermal energy.
When energy is transformed, such as thermal energy, heat is always produced. Heat
is an energy that is transferred from one object to another object due to the difference in
their temperature. It is simply called as ‘energy in transit’. Heat transfer is related to
change in temperature. Temperature refers to the relative hotness or coldness of an object.
An instrument used for measuring and indicating temperature is called ‘thermometer’.
Methods of Heat Transfer
Conduction
Conduction takes place between objects that are in contact with each other. The
energy is transferred through particles that are close or in contact with each other, but it is
dominant in solids only. Materials that conduct heat well are called thermal conductors
(good conductors) such as metals like copper, iron, aluminum, steel, silver, brass, lead etc.
Whereas materials that conduct heat poorly are known as thermal insulators (poor
conductors) some examples are non-metals like wood, rubber, plastic, glass, paper etc.
These insulators have many important applications. Have you ever wondered why
some utensils have handles that are made of wood or plastic? Wood and plastic, being
thermal insulators, reduces the heat flowing from the food being cooked to the utensils and
finally to the person cooking the food.
Convection
Convection is the process in which heat is carried from place to place by the bulk
movement of a fluid against its surroundings. Fluids are materials that can flow, and they
include both gases and liquids. The movement of steam or the motion of boiling water
in a pot are examples of convection.
Radiation
Radiation is a method of heat transfer in the absence of matter or through space.
Objects with dark surfaces absorbs more heat than objects with bright surfaces. When you
stay under the sun, your body feels hot because it absorbs energy from the sun. The same
thing happens when you put your hand near a lightbulb or stand near a bonfire. The
electromagnetic waves carry energy from the fire to your body. Thus, fire and lightbulbs also
emit electromagnetic waves. The process of transferring energy through electromagnetic
waves is called radiation.
The color black is associated with the nearly complete absorption of visible light,
whereas the color white is associated with shiny surfaces reflecting so much visible light.
A material that is a good absorber of heat is also a good emitter of heat. Similarly, a
material that is a poor absorber of heat is also a poor emitter of heat.
People are uncomfortable wearing dark clothes during the summer because the color
black is a good absorber of heat. Dark clothes absorb a large fraction of the sun’s radiation.
On the other hand, white fabric or light-colored clothes feels cooler because it absorbs less
heat from the sun’s radiation. The color white is a good reflector of heat.
What's More
Activity I.
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Identify the method of heat
transfer taking place in each of the following situations whether it is a
Conduction, Convection or Radiation. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. A chair is placed several feet from a fire in a fireplace with a glass screen. After
some time, the side of the chair close to fireplace gets warm.
2. Hot coffee is stirred using a metal spoon, after a while the spoon gets hot.
3. Your face gets warm as you stay exposed under the sun.
4. In weather the longitudinal transport of heat and moisture is usually from a

warmer to a cooler area of the atmosphere.
5. Boiling water releases steam or water vapor.

Activity II.
Directions: Determine which of the following pictures are example of conductors and
insulators? Write letter I if the answer is insulator and C if the answer is
conductor on a separate sheet of paper.
Activity III.
Directions: Identify and explain which figure shows an example of a heat transfer due to
convection? Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
(1) Boiling of hot water (2) Heat of the sun
A B
What I Have Learned
Activity I.
Directions: Group the following materials inside the box whether it is a Conductor or
an Insulator. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Aluminum pan Electrical wires Glassware

Iron nails Paper Plastic cups
Rubber Steel bars
Conductor Insulator
Activity II.
Directions: Read the paragraph and choose the appropriate word/s from the box that will
complete the given sentences. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Conduction Conductors Convection

Energy in transit Heat Insulators
Radiation Temperature Thermometer
Three
All objects, even ordinary ones, gives off heat into the surroundings. (1)
is energy that is transferred from one object to another due to their difference
in their temperature and it is simply called as (2) .
(3) refers to the hotness or coldness of a substance, which can be measured
using an instrument called (4) . Heat can be transferred in (5)
ways through (6) , (7) and (8) . Heat
is said to be transferred through (9) when heat is directly transferred
through a material, however not all materials can transfer heat. Materials that conduct heat
poorly are known as (10) while materials that conduct heat well are called
(11) . Another way to transfer heat is through the movement of fluids such as
liquid and gases between areas of different temperature, this is called (12) .
Unlike other mode of heat transfer, (13) is a heat transfer in the absence of
matter or through space where objects with dark surfaces absorbed more heat than
objects with bright surfaces.
What I Can Do
Activity I.
Directions: Give at least one scenario for each method of heat transfer (Conduction,
Convection and Radiation) which you can observe taking place at home or in your
neighborhood. For example: Conduction – A metal spoon becomes hot from the boiling
water inside the cup as I make coffee. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper
A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Radiation
Activity II.
Directions: Answer the given question below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
A. Which keeps you cooler during sunny days a black shirt or a white shirt? Why?
Rubric for What I Can Do

Category 4 3 2 1
All the Some of the
answers are Most of the answers are correct.
None of the answers
correct. answers are Somewhat related
are correct. Ideas are
Accuracy & Completely correct. Some ideas, but does not
not related to what
Content relates to and Related ideas add to what we
we have on the
expands the cover what we have on the lesson.
lesson.
ideas based have on the Some
on the lesson. ideas are not part
lesson. of the lesson
Most of the words
Some of the words
All spelling (and grammar) are
are spelled correctly Spelling and
Spelling & and grammar spelled correctly
and some grammar grammar errors
Grammar are correct. and with one error
are correct. are frequent.
in sentence
construction
Assessment
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
For items 1 to 4: The illustrations on the right shows a man and a woman making a
noodle soup using a pan made of metal. Use this illustration to answer the questions below.
1. Heat travels through the pan by .
A. conduction
B. convection
C. dispersion
D. radiation
2. Heat travels through the soup by .
A. conduction
B. convection
C. dispersion
D. Radiation
3. Which of the following explains why the lady is able to hold the handle of the
pan with her bare hands?
I. The handle has high thermal expansion.

II. The handle has low thermal conductivity.
III.The handle is made of good insulator of heat.
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I, II, and III
4. Which of the following is NOT taking place in the given situation?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. dispersion
D. Radiation
5. Which of the following processes of heat transfer requires the presence of a

fluid?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. dispersion
D. radiation
6. Which type of heating causes sunburn?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. dispersion
D. Radiation
7. Which of the following will likely happen when a hot and a cold object are put in
contact with one another?
A. The hot object will become hotter.
B. The cold object will become colder.
C. The hot and cold object will both become colder.
D. The cold object will become warmer, and the hot object will become colder.
8. Which of the following is NOT true about heat?
A. Heat is energy in transit.
B. A substance does not contain heat.
C. Heat can be contained in a substance
D. Heat is molecular energy being transferred.
9. The energy transfers from one object to another because of temperature difference is
called .
A. heat
B. temperature
C. kinetic energy
D. internal energy
10. One end of a copper rod is placed in a flame of a Bunsen burner. Small pieces of wax
placed along the rod melt at progressively larger distance from the plane. Heat is
transferred through the rod by conduction. Which of the following is/are TRUE about
conduction?
I. Conduction is one of the methods of heat transfer.

II. Conduction takes place between objects that are in contact.
III. Conduction is a process wherein heat is transferred directly through a
material.
IV. Conduction can be transferred through fluids such as liquids and gases of
different temperature.
A. I and II
B. I, II, and III
C. II, III, and IV
D. I, II, III, and IV
11. All objects, even ordinary ones, gives off heat into the surroundings by radiation.
Which of the following is/are TRUE about radiation?
I. Radiation can be transferred between fluids.
II. Radiation takes place even in the absence of matter.
III. Radiation is an energy that is transferred from one object to another due
to the difference in their temperature.
IV. All objects emit and absorb radiation although some objects are better at
emitting or absorbing radiation than others.
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. II and IV
D. I, II, and III
Material A Material B
Steel bars Wood
Electrical wires Plastic
Aluminum Glass
12. What can be inferred from the list above?
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. III and IV
D. I, II, III, and IV
13. Which of the following materials are example of thermal insulator?
A. Glass, Plastic, Wood
B. Steel bars, Aluminum, Glass
C. Plastic, Electrical wires, Glass
D. Aluminum, electrical wires, steel bars
14. Frying a pancake would be an example of which type of heat transfer?
A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Cooking
D. Radiation
15. A girl’s hands become warm after holding a mug of hot coffee would be an
example of which type of heat transfer?
A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Cooking
D. Radiation
Directions: Look for the words being described in each of the statements below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Let’s start!
T E M P E R A T U R E R E
T H E R M O M E T E R P R
R E V O W Q T H I O O J A
S A U T Q W E R T P T J D
O T T C V B D I Y N A K I
I O H U T G D U L J L L A
C O N D U C T I O N U I T
E E R N R B I O P H S M I
Q I S O D E A S F G N O O
Z Y J C O N V E C T I O N
1. Instrument used in measuring the temperature of an object.

2. It describes the hotness or coldness of a body.
3. A material that allows the transfer of heat easily.
4. Thermal energy that is in transit.
5. Mode of heat transfer that does not need particles or a medium to take place.
6. A material that does not allow the transfer of heat easily.
7. The transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion.
8. A transfer of heat from one substance to another by direct contact.
What I Know
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write your answers on a
1. Heat transfer that takes place in liquids and gases is essentially due to
.
A. conduction
B. convection
C. insolation
D. radiation
2. Heat transfer by radiation occurs .
A. through electromagnetic waves
B. through movement of a fluid
C. through physical contact
D. through sea water
3. When you touch a piece of ice .
A. energy does not flow
B. energy flows from the ice to the finger
C. energy flows everywhere
D. energy flows from your finger to the ice
4. Conduction is the transfer of heat by .
A. molecular contact
B. density differences
C. electromagnetic waves
D. movement through a vacuum
5. Heat conduction in gases is due to .
A. mixing of gases
B. movement of particles
C. electromagnetic waves
D. elastic impact of molecules
6. Walking on the hot sand with your bare feet is an example of what type of heat
transfer?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. insolation
D. radiation
7. When will heat transfer stops?
A. When both objects are of the same temperature.
B. When one of the objects reaches its coldest temperature.
C. When one of the objects reaches its highest temperature.
D. When both objects temperature turns zero degrees Celsius.
8. Which statement is true regarding heat transfer?
A. Heat exchange is constant.
B. It is the internal energy of the system.
C. It is a function of space and time coordinates.
D. There is a variation in temperature in the course of time.
9. Which statement is the best example of heat by conduction?
A. Heat is transferred from the sun to the earth.
B. Heat is transferred from the bottom to the top of a lake.
C. Heat is transferred from the surface of the soil to the rocks below.
D. Heat is transferred from the Earth’s surface to the upper atmosphere.
10.You are holding an ice cream while walking on the street, and you noticed
your ice cream is starting to melt. What type of heat transfer is this?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. isolation
D. radiation
11.Which action would save energy and money on using air conditioner during a hot,
sunny summer day?
A. Opening curtains and window covers
B. Adding insulation in the walls and ceiling
C. Turning on lights and heat producing appliances
D. Replacing light colored roofing materials with dark colored
Container A and B contained water of different amounts and were exposed to the
same quantity of heat.
Container A 1/4 cup water
Container B 3/4 cup water
12.How will you compare the temperature reading in container A and B?
A. A has the same temperature as B.
B. A has greater temperature than B.
C. A has a temperature three times less than B.
D. A has a temperature three times greater than B.
13.Cup A contains 100 grams of water and Cup B contains twice as much water. Both
cups were initially at room temperature. Cup A was heated to 50 degrees Celsius and
Cup B was heated to 25 degrees Celsius. Which cup had more thermal energy
transferred to it?
A. No heat transfer occurred in both cups.
B. Cup B had more thermal energy transferred.
C. Cup A had more thermal energy transferred.
D. Both cups had the same amount of thermal energy transferred.
14.Linda is a chef in an Italian restaurant which sells pasta, pizza and salad. She is
using a metal pan with a rubber handle to make the pastas. Her boss bought a new
pan, which is made entirely of metal. Should Linda use the new metal pan instead of
the old one?
A. Yes, because it new and it is made of metal.
B. No, because the new pan is smaller than the old pan.
C. No, because the heat will directly flow from the pan handle to the hand.
D. Yes, because it is from the boss and it is not good to disobey him.
15.Tony is spending his summer vacation in Boracay, he decides to walk on the beautiful
white sand under the scorching sun at noontime. He takes off his slippers to feel the
sand between his toes. Should Tony walk at the beach barefoot at noontime?
A. Yes, to feel the texture of the soft sand.
B. Yes, to make the most out of the summer vacation.
C. No, because it is unhygienic to walk without slippers.
D. No, because his feet will be burned while walking on hot sand.
Lesson
Heat Transfer
2
What's In
of paper
Test I. Complete the words below by filling in the missing boxes. Write a brief description
of each word below the box.
1.
t
c v n
2.
3. t
e
d i
4. r a
r U E
5. P
Test II: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.
1. Thermometer is a device used to measure temperature.
2. Convection is the transfer of heat energy by direct contact.
3. Conduction is the transfer of energy with the help of electromagnetic waves.
4. Heat is the total energy of molecular motion in a substance.
5. Convection is the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of the heated parts
of a liquid or gas.
What's New
of paper.
Activity I:
Identify whether the following pictures show conduction, convection or radiation.
6 11
1
Steaming cup of hot Ironing clothes
tea Ultraviolet light from the
sun
2 7 12
Ice cube melting on Heat from fire Walking barefoot on hot

the floor sand
3 8 13
Cooking egg in a Boiling Water Heat from grill burner

pan
4 9 14
Thawing meat with
Hot air balloon water
rising Toasting a bread
5 10 15
Microwave from an
oven Using curling iron to Using blower to dry hair
style hair Illustrator: Jilea A. Yson
Activity II:
Label each picture as either conduction, convection and radiation and describe how the
picture shows each type of heat transfer.
The man and his dog are The man tries to move The man turns on the fan
enjoying the warmth the coals using a metal to regulate the
from the fireplace. pole. temperature.
Illustrator: Richele Mae Cajandig Illustrator: Richele Mae Cajandig Illustrator: Richele Mae Cajandig
Type of Heat Transfer: Type of Heat Transfer: Type of Heat Transfer:
Description: Description: Description:
What is It
When energy is transformed, such as thermal energy, heat is always produced. Heat
is an energy that is transferred from one object to another due to the difference in their
temperature. It is simply called as energy in transit. Heat naturally transfers from a high
temperature object to a low temperature object. Heat transfer stops when both objects are
of the same temperature. Heat can be transferred in three ways: through conduction,
convection and radiation.
Conduction takes place between objects that are in contact with each other. The
energy is transferred through particles that are in contact with each other. Particles that are
in contact with the higher temperature object tend to vibrate faster therefore transferring the
energy to the adjacent particles
Convection is a heat transfer between fluids as liquids and gases of different

temperature which involves mass movement of the fluids. Particles receiving the energy
tend to move faster thus it spreads out and becomes less dense. Hot fluids are less dense
and it rises.
Radiation is a heat transfer in the absence of matter or through space via

electromagnetic waves. Objects with dark surfaces absorbed more heat than objects with
bright surfaces. Particles can absorb radiation gaining heat energy.
Heat transfer continues until the two objects have reached thermal equilibrium
where the objects have the same temperature. The discussion of heat transfer has been
structured around some everyday examples such as the cooling of a hot mug of coffee and
the warming of a cold can of pop.
Heat transfer is evident everywhere around us. The illustration depicts several
situations that involve heat transfer.
Objects exchange radiation

with each other and with the
sky. Warmer objects lose
Solar heat to cooler objects.
Radiation
Heat is lost by
convection when a
stream of air or wind
Wind is cooler than body
surface temperature.
Conduction is the direct

transfer of heat when objects of
different temperatures come
Illustrator: Richele Mae Cajandig
into contact.
How energy moves through the atmosphere

Conduction, radiation and convection all play a role in moving heat between Earth's
surface and the atmosphere.
Energy can travel as electromagnetic waves through air or empty space. The Sun's
energy travels through space by radiation. After sunlight heats the planet's surface, some heat
radiates back into the atmosphere. Most energy transfer by conduction occurs near the Earth's
surface. Conduction directly affects air temperature only a few centimeters into the
atmosphere. During the day, sunlight heats the ground, which in turn heats the air directly
above it via conduction. At night, the ground cools and the heat flows from the warmer air
directly above the surface to the cooler ground via conduction. Convection happens in a liquid
or a gas. Air near the ground is warmed by heat radiating from Earth's surface. The warm
air is less dense, so it rises. As it rises, it cools. The cool air is dense, so it sinks to the surface.
Convection is the most important way that heat travels in the atmosphere.
How Heat is Transferred in Cooking

Cooking of food makes use of the different methods of heat transfer. Conduction is
heat transfer through direct contact. When cooking on the stovetop, the heat from the flame
or electric grill is applied directly to the frying pan. This means that only the flat surface of
the pan is sufficiently hot enough to cook anything and we must flip and toss around the food
to cook it properly. It is important to note that most pans are made of metals, like copper,
that conduct heat very efficiently and do not melt on the stove top. Convection is heat
transfer through a fluid. The fluid can be liquid or gas and in the case of a convection oven,
the fluid we care about is air. An oven is a confined area that gets hot by flames or electric
coils. The air inside is warmed to a desired temperature and, as a result, cooks the food from
all directions. This method of heat transfer is responsible for cooking pizzas, cakes, and
other baked treats. Radiation is the transfer of heat using electromagnetic radiation. A
microwave oven uses microwaves, a form of electromagnetic radiation with long wavelength
and low frequency and energy. Microwave ovens work by causing water molecules inside the
food to vibrate. This causes friction, which produces heats that cooks the food.
What's More
Directions: What type of heat transfer takes place? Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
Energy is transferred between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere.

What I Have Learned
Directions: Read, understand, and answer the question carefully. Write your answer on a
Conduction:
This is the movement of heat from hotter parts to cooler parts from one atom or particle
to another particle without any movement of the substance itself.
1. What will happen when a metal rod is placed in a hot water?
Convection:
This is transfer of heat through the movement of fluid (liquid or gas) from hotter to cooler
parts.
2. Draw a diagram to show the movement of particles when water was
heated. Use three arrows to represent your diagram.
Radiation:
This is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves. This type of energy transfer travel
through space without a medium.
3. Why do you feel the heat from a fire when you seat near it?
4. Why does an ice cream melts on a hot day?
Rubric
Category 4 3 2 1
Some of the
All the answers
Most of the answers are None of the
are correct.
answers are correct. answers are
Accuracy & Completely
correct. Related Somewhat related correct. Ideas are
Content relates to and
ideas cover what ideas, but does not related to
expands the ideas
we have on the not add to what what we have on
based on the
lesson. we have the lesson.
lesson.
on the lesson
Most of the words
Some of the
(and grammar) are
words are spelled
All spelling and spelled correctly. Spelling and
Spelling & correctly and 3
grammar are With 1- grammar errors
Grammar sentences are
correct. 2 sentences are frequent.
grammatically
grammatically
incorrect.
incorrect
What I Can Do
Directions: In the Venn diagram write the words or phrases that best describes the types
of heat transfer. In the center write the words or phrase that are common in
three topics. Choose your answers from the box. Draw the Venn diagram and
write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
• Direct contact
• Liquid and gases move heat
• Energy waves
• Transfer heat
• No particles required
• Vibrate faster when heated
• Moves in cycle or circle
Rubric
Category 4 3 2 1
Students Students displays a
Students exhibits illustrates a limited
Students show
Primary mastery of the firmer understanding
little or no
Source topics as evident understanding with some details
understanding
Content by attention to of most of the pertinent to the
of topic.
detail. similarities and subject matter.
differences.
Most of the Contains
Reflects all Reflects some
information is nonfactual
factual factual information
factual and information that
Linking information that and attempts to
seemingly does not
Content corresponds with put it in
corresponds with correspond to the
Together appropriate section corresponding
appropriate appropriate
of diagram. section of diagram.
section of section
diagram. diagram.
Assessment
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write your answer on a
1. What mode of heat transfer takes place due to the vibrating and colliding
particle of objects that are in contact?
A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Heat
D. Radiation
2. It is described as the hotness or coldness of a body.

A. Heat
B. Insulator
C. Radiation
D. Temperature
3. What mode of heat transfer does not need particles or a medium to take place?
A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Heat
D. Radiation
4. What mode of heat transfer takes place in fluids because their particles can
move around?
A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Heat
D. Radiation
5. Which of the following is not an example of radiation?
A. Sun’s rays
B. Heat from a fire
C. Stir frying in a pan
D. Baking in an oven
6. Blowing on your hands to warm them up during a cold weather is an example of
which type of heat transfer?
A. Condensation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Radiation
7. Which of the following is an example of convection?

A. Heating water on the stove.
B. Heat from a light bulb.
C. Touching a stove and being burned.
D. Ice cooling down your hand.
8. Which of the following is the case of heat transfer by radiation?
A. Blast furnace
B. Heating of building
C. Cooling of parts in furnace
D. Heat received by a person from fireplace
9. Earth’s atmosphere is important to us because .
A. it’s primarily made from oxygen
B. it’s primarily made from carbon dioxide
C. it protects Earth from the sun’s harmful radiation
D. it protects Earth from excess heat from the asthenosphere
10.A girl is stirring a hot cup of milk with a metal spoon with rubber handle.
Which of the following explains why the girl is able to hold the handle of the
spoon with her bare hands even when the cup of milk is hot?
I. The handle is made of good insulator of heat.
II. The handle is made of good conductor of heat.
III. The handle has low thermal conductivity.
A. II and III only
B. I and III only
C. I and II only
D. I, II and III
11. Inside an air-conditioned room, metallic objects generally feel cooler to touch than
wooden objects. Why is this so?
A. Heat tends to flow from metal to wood
B. Metal conducts heat better than wood
C. Wood contains more heat than a metal of the same mass
D. The human body resembles wood more closely than it resembles metal.
12. You’re holding hands with your best friend. Your friend’s hands are really warm and
yours are really cold. After a few minutes, this has changed. How do you explain
what happened?
A. The energy from your friend’s hand transferred to your hand through
conduction.
B. The energy from your hand transferred to your friends’ hand through
convection.
C. The energy from your friend’s hand transferred to your hand through
convection.
D. The energy from your hand transferred to your friends’ hand through
conduction.
13. On a summer morning, Johnny walks barefoot across his paved driveway with no
problem. However, later that afternoon he steps barefoot onto the same driveway
and must quickly run off because the bottoms of his feet feel like they are burning.
Why is this so?
A. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement
moved slower and the thermal energy increased.
B. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement
moved slower and the thermal energy decreased.
C. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement
moved faster and the thermal energy increased.
D. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement
moved faster and the thermal energy decreased.
14. It is boring sitting in the house on your day off, so you go to the pool to meet with
your friends. You jump in the water but it was too cold and you don’t want to look
like weak, so you try to get used to it. Your lips are turning blue and your skin now
feels cold. Should you get out of the pool and warm yourself?
A. No, because you friends will tease you.
B. Yes, because it will make body look good.
C. No, because it is not good to back out after deciding to spend time with your friends.
D. Yes, because staying in the water for too long might affect to numbness and
swelling of the skin.
15. You wake up on a Saturday morning and are glad since you don’t have to go to
school. You sit outside in the sun because you don’t really feel like doing anything
at all. The heat from the sun is starting to make you sweat. Is the heat transfer caused
by radiation?
A. Yes, because radiation is transfer of heat by means of rays.
B. Yes, because radiation is transfer of heat by direct contact.
C. No, because radiation is the transfer of heat by direct contact.
D. No, because radiation is the transfer of heat through fluid and gases.
Directions: Listed below are scrambled letters, arrange the letters to form the words
related to heat transfer. Match column I with column II, write the letter of
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column I Column II
1) NDCTOINUCO A-It is the measure of hotness or coldness of an

object.
2) OEIONTCVNC B-Heat transfer between fluids as liquids and
gases of different temperature.
3) RDTNAIAIO
4) AEHT C-It refers to the transfer of energy from hotter

body to the colder.
5) TMPRTREEAUE
D-Heat transfer that takes place between objects
that are in contact with each other.
E-Heat transfer in the absence of medium or

matter in contact.
Science 7
Electricity Charging processes
What I Need to Know
Hi! Have a great day! Welcome to the nature of Physics, wherein you will learn the
nature of electricity around us. Do you know the energy needed to operate your appliances,
gadgets and other machines? Yes, electricity is the main reason why those things are
functional.
Electricity is a form of energy we encounter in everyday life. Lightning is an

example of static electricity in nature. Light is often produced when an electric current
passes through a gas. We see burst of light in the line sparks of static electricity or
lightning. We are grateful and lucky enough that this kind of energy is present and
available to humans for without it, most of the devices that we use today would be useless.
In this module, you will learn the different types of charging processes. You will also study
how objects can be charged. The field of science which deals with the characteristics and
interactions of charges which are not moving is electrostatics. Knowing this lesson is very
essential in your future use especially in understanding how electricity functions.
1. Describe the different types of charging processes (S7LT-IIIj-13).
This module is divided into two lessons, specifically:
Lesson 1: Charging by Friction

Lesson 2: Charging by Induction

1. describe Electricity using charges;
2. describe the different kinds of charging processes; and
3. differentiate the types of charging processes.
What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter
of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What will happen when two like sign of charges are brought together? They will
.
A. repel each other
B. attract each other
C. neutralize each other
D. have no effect on each other
2. How can a material become positively charged?

A. By losing protons
B. By losing electrons
C. By gaining protons
D. By gaining electrons
3. Which of the following states that charges are neither created nor destroyed but only
transferred from one material to another?
A. Friction law
B. Static discharge principle
C. Static Electricity definition
D. Conservation of charge principle
4. If you comb your hair and the comb acquires a positive charge, what will happen to
your hair?
A. It will remain uncharged.
B. It will be repelled by the comb.
C. It will become positively charged.
D. It will become negatively charged.
5. Which of the following will be attracted to a positively charged object?

A. No other object
B. A negatively charged object
C. Another positively charged object
D. None of the above
6. Who among the following was the first to determine the electron’s charge?
A. Coulomb
B. Faraday
C. Franklin
D. Millikan
7. What is the charge of a neutral atom after it gains an additional electron?
A. Neutral
B. Negative
C. Positive
D. Both positive & negative
8. Neutral atoms contain equal numbers of .

A. protons and neutrons
B. electrons and protons
C. protons and electrons
D. neutrons and electrons
9. What do you call the process of transferring charges between objects by rubbing?
A. Proton transfer
B. Static discharge
C. Charging by friction
D. Charging by induction
10. What is the symbol of an electron charge?

A. -e
B. +e
C. ex
D. e2
11. What is the SI unit of electric charges?

A. Ampere (A)
B. Coulomb (C)
C. Meter (m)
D. Voltage (V)
12. What do you call the attraction or repulsion between electric charges?
A. Friction
B. Conduction
C. Electric field
D. Electric force
13. Daniel rubs a piece of fur on a hard rubber rod, giving the rod a negative charge.
Which is most likely to happen?
A. The fur is left neutral.
B. Electrons are added to the rod.
C. The fur is also charged negatively.(
D. Protons are removed from the rod.

14. Why does a plastic strip become positively charged after being rubbed with cotton?
A. The plastic strip acquired extra protons from the cotton.
B. The protons were created as the result of the changing process
C. The plastic strip acquired extra protons during the charging process.
D. The plastic strip lost electrons to the cotton during the charging process.
15. How does triboelectric charging works?

A. By distributing the charges
B. By touching the two uncharged objects
C. By bringing it near to another charged object
D. By transferring of electrons between two rubbed objects
Lesson
Charging by Friction
1
What’s In
Hello kids! In the previous module, you learned that all matter is made up of atoms,
and an atom has a center, called nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged particles
called protons and uncharged particles called neutrons. The nucleus of an atom is
surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged particles called electrons.
Electric charges not only exist within an object; they can also move through an
object. Just like how heat transfers to a material through conduction, convection and
radiation. There are materials that can conduct heat and electric charges called conductors.
There are also those that poorly conduct heat and electric charges called insulators and few
materials that have characteristics in between conductors and insulators called
semiconductors.
Try to classify the following materials as conductor, insulator or semiconductor by

putting a check in it. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
MATERIAL/S CONDUCTO INSULATOR SEMI-

R CONDUCTO
R
Example: 1. Copper √
2. Stainless spoon
3. Frying pan
4. Plastic spoon
5. Paper plate
6. Ceramic plate
7. Wooden spoon
8. Aluminum foil
As we go along with our lesson, activities will be more exciting and fun. Are you
ready? Let’s get started.
What’s New
We all know that the building blocks of matter is the atom. The varying atomic
properties of different materials gives them electrical properties. One of which is the ability
of a material to lose and gain electrons when they are rubbed with a different material
through friction.
Through this activity, you will learn how an object can be charged through the
process of charging by friction. Are you set? Let’s start!
Activity 1.1: Rub Me Hardly!
Materials: Inflated rubber balloon, Human hair, Microfiber cloth (cloth used to clean eyeglasses)
What to Do:
1. Inflate the balloon to just the right size.
2. Rub the rubber balloon with your hair or with the microfiber cloth
Question # 1: What did you observe after rubbing the balloon with your hair or
with the microfiber cloth?
3. Pull the balloon away from your hair from the microfiber cloth.
Question #2: What did you notice about your hair?
4. This time, you need two balloons. Rub the two balloons with your hair or with the
microfiber cloth.
5. Place the balloon near each other.

Question #3: What happened to the balloons when placed near each other?
Question #4: List down some question/s you thought of while doing the activity.
Here are your criteria to follow in answering this task for you to be guided and
lead to an appropriate answer.
FEATURE 4 3 2 1
S
Demonstrates
Demonstrate in Demonstrates little Lacks
depth understanding of understanding understanding
understanding the topic. of the topic. of the topic.
Ideas of the topic. It Somewhat uses Gives some Gives no new
uses scientific scientific new information and
reasoning to reasoning to information poorly
address ideas. address ideas. but poorly organized.
organized
So many
Few spelling and A number of spelling,
No incorrect
punctuations, spelling, punctuation
Grammar, spelling,
errors, minor punctuation and
Usage & punctuation or
grammatical or grammatical
Mechanics grammatical
errors. grammatical errors that it
errors.
errors. interferes with
the meaning.
Took so much It was done in

Slightly worked Put a small
of time and a rushed and
Effort hard for the effort into the
worked hard on did not work
activity activity
the activity hard
What is It
Let us start discussing how charging by friction truly takes place. But before that, let
us try to understand what electricity is.
Electricity may be described as a form of energy. Understanding electricity entails

understanding charges – the basic unit of electricity. Charge is a quantity measured in
Coulombs (C). Charges may be transferred to and from objects and may move in conductors
as current measured in Amperes (I). The world we live in is highly dependent on the electric
energy and power (measured in Watts) supplied by our power plants. The unit watt (W) is
named to honor James Watt, the inventor of the steam engine during the industrial
revolution.
Electric charge is an intrinsic property of protons and electrons. Charge is a quantity

with a magnitude and a unit. The SI unit of charge is the Coulomb (C). A neutron has zero net
electrical charge because it is neutral. A proton carries a positive charge (+e), while electron
carries a negative charge (-e). These two types of charges (positive and negative) were named
by Benjamin Franklin. JJ. Thomson discovered the electron and Robert Millikan
discovered the charge of the electron. The charge of the electron is the negative of the
elementary charge e which is equal to 1.6 x 10-19 Coulomb. The charge of the electron and
the proton are the same only that the proton is positive (+1.6 x 10-19 Coulomb).
Like sign of charges repel and unlike sign of charges attract each other. Materials may
contain several charges and when these are neutral they contain equal numbers of positive
and negative charges. Materials or bodies may be left with a certain charge. This may be done
through the process of charging. Charging means gaining or losing electrons. There are
various types of charging processes namely, charging by friction, charging by conduction
and charging by induction. Let us describe first the process of charging through friction.
There are many different types of atoms and these atoms can combine in a variety of
ways to form the nature of objects we encounter every day. Depending on the type of atoms
an object is made of, an object can be more or less attracted to an electron. This electrical
property is known as electron affinity. If an object has a high electron affinity, then it is more
attractive to electrons. Different materials have different affinities of electrons. This is
important as we explore the most common methods of charging- triboelectric charging, also
known as charging by friction or rubbing.
In Activity 1, when you rubbed one balloon with your hair, you are experiencing friction.
During the process, atoms in the balloon are forced to be close to the atoms with your hair.
The protons in the atoms of one object start to interact with the electrons on the other object.
The rubber of the balloon has a higher electron affinity and will take electrons from the atoms
of your hair. When you pull the balloon away
from your hair, the balloon will have more electrons or has gained electrons which made
it negatively charged, while your hair has lost some electrons, and now has a positive
charge. You might also notice that your hair is attracted to the balloon. This is the evidence
that oppositely charged objects attract each other. If you rub two balloons on your hair and
place the balloons near each other, you will notice that the two balloons repelled. This
may be attributed to the similarity in the charge acquired by the balloons.
Figure 1: Two balloons rubbed on human hair will become negatively- charged and have an attractive
contact with the hair. If the hair is removed, the balloons will repel each other.
Illustrator: Cherry Mae Candelario
Charging by friction simply means rubbing of material to another. By rubbing a

variety of materials against each other and testing their resulting interaction with objects
of known charge, the tested materials can be ordered according to their affinity for
electrons. Such an ordering of substances is known as Triboelectric Series. It is an
arrangement of material/ substances giving their ability to gain or lose electrons. Materials
that are placed at the upper end of the sequence (e.g. skin, glass, hair) will most likely to
give up/ lose electrons and become positively charged. However, materials found at the
bottom end of the sequence (e.g. polyester, polyethylene, PVC) gain electrons and become
negatively charge. The farther the materials are from each other in the series, the stronger
the electrical force of attraction.
Triboelectric Series
• Skin
• Hair
• Nylon
• Wool
• Silk
• Paper
• Cotton
• Wood
• Rubber
• Copper
• Polyester
• Polyethylene
• Vinyl (PVC)
It is important to remember that during the charging process, ideally, the amount of
charge lost by the object is equal to the amount of charge gained by another object. This
is generally true in any charging process. The idea is known as:
The Law of Conservation of Charge
Charges cannot be created nor destroyed but can be transferred from one
material to another. The total charge in a system must remain constant.
What’s More
Directions: Study the list of materials rubbed together. Base your answer on Triboelectric
Series mentioned above; the first item is already done for you as your guide.
Material Charge of the Material Charge of the

Materials
which material after which would material after
Rubbed
would lose losing gain gaining
Together
electrons electrons electrons electrons
1. glass and copper
glass positive copper Negative
2. hair and paper
3. wool and silk
4. vinyl and wool

5. rubber and
skin
What I Have Learned
Activity 1.2: Perfect Combing-nation!

Material/s: plastic comb, towel
Procedures:
1. Towel dry your hair. Comb your hair using the plastic comb in 60 seconds.
2. Observe what happens.
3. Answer the following questions and write on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which among the comb and your hair has greater affinity to electrons?
2. Assume your hair and comb were all neutral before combing. What is the charge
of the comb afterwards?
3. What is the charge of your hair after combing?
FEATURE 4 3 2 1
S
Demonstrates
organized

activity activity
the activity hard
What I Can Do
Directions: Explain the underlying concepts by applying the friction charging process.
Saran Wrap has a larger electron affinity than Nylon. If Nylon is rubbed against
Saran Wrap, which would end up with excess negative charge? Why?
Here are your criteria to follow in answering this task for you to be guided and lead
to an appropriate answer.
FEATURE 4 3 2 1
S
Demonstrates
reasoning to reasoning to information but poorly
address ideas. address ideas. poorly organized.
organized
So many
Few spelling A number of spelling,
No incorrect
and spelling, punctuation
Grammar, spelling,
punctuations, punctuation and
errors, minor or grammatical
grammatical grammatical errors that it
errors.
errors. errors. interferes with
the meaning.

activity activity
the activity hard
Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the
letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
For items 1 and 2, study the table below.
Materials Number of Protons Number of Electrons

W 32 30
X 22 28
Y 18 18
1. Which material could be attracted to a positively charged Z?

A. W only
B. X only
C. X and Y
D. W, X, Y
2. Which material could attract an uncharged Material Q?
A. W & X only
B. X & Y only
C. W & Y only
D. Y only
For items 3 and 4: Material A attracts Material B. On the other hand, Material C repels
Material A. However, Material D can attract any of the other materials.
3. If Material A is positively charged, which of the following is true?
I. Material C is positively charged.

II. Material B is negatively charged.
III. Material D is uncharged.
A. I & II only
B. II & III only
C. I & III only
D. I, II and III
4. If Material B is positively charged, which of the following is true?
I. Material A is negatively charged.

II. Material C is negatively charged.
III. Material D is uncharged.
A. I & II only
B. II & III only
C. I & III only
D. I, II and III
For items 5 and 6: Study the given Triboelectric Series where moving up means positive
and moving down means negative.
5. Which of the following pair has strongest electrical Melqi

force of attraction? Xatzki
A. Welcru & Lofku Lofku
B. Zysmu & Melqi Khamri
C. Xatzki & Melqi Welcru
D. Khamri & Xatzki Zysmu
6. Which of the following would have a negative net charge when rubbed with Khamri?
A. Melqi
B. Lofku
C. Welcru
D. Zysmu
7. Which of the following refers to the attraction or repulsion between electric charges?
A. Friction
B. Conduction
C. Electric field
D. Electric force
8. In a neutral atom the .

A. number of protons = number of electrons
B. number of protons = number of neutrons
C. number of electrons = number of protons
D. number of neutrons = number of protons = number of electrons
9. What do you call the process of transferring charge between objects by touching or
rubbing?
A. Proton
B. Static discharge
C. Charging by contact
D. Charging by induction
10. Your classmate was electrocuted accidentally. Which of the following should you do
to be able to save her?
I. By pulling her hair.
II. By holding onto her metal bangles.
III. By grasping her cotton jackets.
IV. By pulling her in her rubber shoes.
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II only
D. III and IV only
11. Ms. Jojo rubbed two balloons with a piece of wool separately. What will happen
when the balloons are brought near each other?
A. The balloons will pop.
B. The balloons will repel each other.
C. The balloons will attract each other.
D. The balloons will become positively charged.
12. Which of the following statements explain why the rod becomes negatively charged
when rubbed with fur?
I. The rubber that rod is made of is a better insulator than fur.

II. The fur is better insulator than the rubber.
III. Molecules in the rubber rod have a stronger attraction for electron than the
molecules in the fur.
IV. Molecules in the fur have stronger attraction for electron than the molecules
in the rubber rod.
A. I, II, & III only

B. II, III & IV only
C. I, II, & IV only
D. I, III, & IV only
13. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, which of the following statement BEST
describes what happens?
A. the silk is charged positively
B. protons are removed from the rod
C. protons are removed from the silk
D. electrons are removed from the rod
14. Why does a rubber rod becomes negatively charged when rubbed with fur?
A. The fur is a better insulator than the rubber.
B. The rubber that the rod is made of is better than the fur.
C. Molecules in the rubber rod have a stronger attraction for electrons than the
molecules in the fur.
D. Molecules in the fur have a stronger attraction for electrons than the
molecules in the rubber rod.
15. How can a charged object attract an uncharged object made of non-conducting
material?
A. Attraction of an insulator is not possible.
B. The uncharged object must somehow gain a like charge.
C. The charges in the uncharged object can become polarized.
D. Attraction of an insulator is possible only by another insulator.
Directions: Identify the following terms described in each statement by filling in the
missing letter. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A has no net charge.
2. Like sign of charges each other; unlike sign of charges
a t r c
each other.
3. Walking across a carpet is an example of charge being transferred by
r c i o n
4. The girl’s hair and the comb are attracting one another. The hair and the comb
have p p s i e charges.
What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter
of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT an insulator?

A. Copper wire
B. Hair
C. Rubber band
D. Wooden spoon
2. An uncharged conductor is supported by an insulating stand. I pass a positively

charged rod near the left end of the conductor, but do not touch it. The right end of
the conductor will be .
A. neutral
B. positive
C. repelled
D. negative
3. What do you call the process of charging a conductor by bringing it near another
charged object?
A. Conduction
B. Induction
C. Neutralization
D. Polarization
4. What do you call to the materials in which electrons do not move freely?
A. conductor
B. insulator
C. metals
D. neutrons
5. Which of these is the best definition of polarization?

A. Two objects attract each other because they are both charged.
B. The objects gain a positive or negative charge from another object.
C. The charges in a neutral object separate due to a nearby charged object.
D. Charges on a neutral object jump off onto a charged object due to attraction of
opposite charges.
6. An atom loses an electron. What type of charge does it have now?

A. Neutral
B. Negative
C. Positive
D. Both positive and negative
7. Which of the following is NOT a good conductor of electricity?
A. Aluminum
B. Copper
C. Glass
D. Silver
8. Atoms may have neutrons which have .

A. no charge
B. positive charge
C. negative charge
D. opposite charge
9. What device is used for detecting charges?

A. Barometer
B. Electroscope
C. Microscope
D. Telescope
10.An uncharged conductor is supported by an insulating stand. I pass a positively charged

rod near the end of the conductor, but do not touch it. The right end of the conductor
will be .
A. neutral
B. positive
C. repelled
D. negative
11. There are two cans A and B, a negatively charged balloon is brought near can A.
Which is most likely to happen?
balloon
Illustrator: Leah S. Aliperio
A. The positive charges in Can B move towards the balloon.

B. The negative charges in Can B move towards the balloon.
C. The positive charges in Can A move away from the balloon.
D. The negative charges in Can A move away from the balloon.
12. If balloon B is negatively charged, then balloon C must be .

A. neutral
B. negatively charged
C. positively charged
D. both negatively & positively charged
13. A positively charged rod is brought close to one end of a neutral metallic plate.
What type of charge is induced on the closest side of the plate?
A. Neutral
B. Negative
C. Positive
D. Both negative & positive charged
14. How does an atom becomes charged?
A. By losing protons.
B. By gaining neutrons.
C. By distributing the charges.
D. By gaining and losing of electrons
15. How can we know if an object is electrically polarized?

A. Has no net charge.
B. It is electrically charged.
C. It is only partially conducting.
D. Its charges have been rearranged.
Lesson
Charging by Induction
2
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you learned about Charging by friction which simply means
rubbing of material to another. By rubbing a variety of materials against each other and
testing their resulting interaction with objects of known charge, the tested materials can be
ordered according to their affinity for electrons.
Also in previous Activity, you learned that when you rubbed one balloon with your
hair, you are experiencing friction. During the process, atoms in the balloon are forced to be
close to the atoms with your hair. The protons in the atoms of one object start to interact with
the electrons on the other object. The rubber of the balloon has a higher electron affinity
and will take electrons from the atoms of your hair. When you pull the balloon away from
your hair, the balloon will have more electrons or has gained electrons which made it
negatively charged, while your hair has lost some electrons, and now has a positive charge.
You might also notice that your hair is attracted to the balloon. This is the evidence that
oppositely charged objects attract each other. If you rub two balloons on your hair and place
the balloons near each other, you will notice that the two balloons repelled.
In Lesson 2 you will learn more about Charging by Induction.

What’s New
Activity 2.1: Touch Me Not!

Materials:
1. Inflated rubber balloon
2. Empty soft drink can
3. Styrofoam cup
What to Do:
Figure 2
1. Inflate the balloon.
2. Mount the soft drink can on the Styrofoam cup as seen in Figure 2.
3. Charge the balloon by rubbing it off your hair for 1 minute.
Note: This will work only if the hair is completely dry.
4. Place the charged balloon as near as the possible to the soft drink can without the two
objects touching. See Figure 3 below.
balloon
Figure 3
5. Touch the can with your finger at the end opposite of the balloon.
balloon
Figure 4
6. Remove your hand and observe how the balloon and the can will interact.
7. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you think is the charge acquired by the balloon after rubbing it against
your hair?
2. Based on your answer in question #1, what do you think is the charge of the soft
drink can?
3. What is the purpose of touching the can in step 5?
4. Were you able to charge the soft drink can? Explain.
FEATURE 4 3 2 1
S
Demonstrates
organized
So many
No incorrect
Grammar, spelling,
errors.
the meaning.

activity activity
the activity hard
What is It
In the previous lesson, it was explained that an object can be charged through
rubbing or friction. Charging by friction is a very common method of charging an object.
Furthermore, it was explained that like charges repel and unlike charges attract. In this
section, the second method of charging- charging by induction will be described and
explained.
The behavior of a charged material depends on its ability to allow charges to flow
through it. A material that permits charges to flow freely within it is a good electrical
conductor. Metals are usually good conductors of electricity.
In contrast to conductors, insulators are materials that hinder the free flow of charges
within it. If the charge is transferred to an insulator, the excess charge will remain at the
original location charging. Some examples of insulators are glass, porcelain, plastic and
rubber.
An object becomes polarized when electrons rearrange such that one side of an
object is more negative than the other.
The observations you had made in Activity 2 depended on the fact that the balloon
and Styrofoam are good insulators while the soft drink can and you are good conductors.
You have observed that the soft drink can has become charged after you touched one of its
ends. The charging process used in this activity is called induction charging, where an
object can be charged without actual contact to any other charged object.
Another example of charging by induction can be seen in Figure 2 below.
Figure 2: Charging by induction

Source: K to 12 Science Grade & Learners Material
We have two conductive metal spheres supported by an insulating stand. This

ensures that no electrons will leave the metal sphere through the stand. When conducting
spheres are placed next to each other, the electrons are free to move about the two spheres.
Let’s say we bring a negatively charged balloon (you just rubbed it on your hair) towards
one of the spheres. Since like charges repel, the electrons on the sphere will be repelled
by the negative charge of the balloon. Note that the protons do not move toward the
negative balloon, but that the side of the metal sphere to the balloon has a positive charge
due to a lack of electrons. So there is a stronger negative charge in the furthest from the
negative balloon. When the spheres are separated, we have two charged objects: one
positive and one negative. Again, the net charge in the system is zero- charge is conserved.
The Law of Conservation of Charge is easily observed in the induction charging
process. Prior to the charging process, the overall charge of the process is zero. There were
equal number of protons and electrons within the two spheres. If sphere A has 100 units
of positive charge, then sphere B has 100 units of negative charge. Determining the overall
charge of the system is easy arithmetic; it is simply the sum of the charges of the
individual spheres.
Overall Charge of the Two Spheres= +100 units + (-100 units) = 0 units Charge is
neither created nor destroyed during this charging process; it is

simply transferred from one object to the other object in the form of electrons.
What’s More
I’m so happy that you did a great job in every challenge in this module. Now, let
us test how far you’ve gone with our lesson. Be ready to answer this task. Good luck!
Use your understanding of charging by induction to answer this question base on the
diagram given below. Choose the correct answer inside the box. Write it on a separate
sheet of paper.
+ +
Two neutral conducting pop cans are touching each other. A positively charged
balloon is brought near one of the cans as shown above. The cans are separated
while the balloon is nearby, as shown. After the balloon is removed the cans
brought back together. When touching again, can X is .
What I Have Learned
Directions: Illustrate and explain the underlying concepts of the induction type of
charging process given the materials below. Write your answer on a
A neutral metal sphere and a negatively charged rubber rod that will result in a
positive charge on the sphere’s surface.
FEATURE 4 3 2 1
S
Demonstrate in Demonstrates Demonstrates Lacks
depth understanding little understanding
Ideas
understanding of the topic. understanding of the topic.
of the topic. It Somewhat uses of the topic. Gives no new
uses scientific scientific Gives some information and
reasoning to reasoning to new poorly
address ideas. address ideas. information organized.
but poorly
organized
So many
No incorrect
Grammar, spelling,
errors.
the meaning.

activity activity
the activity hard
What I Can Do
Directions: Describe the process of charging by induction through an illustration. Draw

this on a separate sheet of paper.
CHARGING BY INDUCTION
FEATURES 4 3 2 1
Following Some None of the
Directions All directions Most directions directions directions
were followed were followed were followed were followed
Creativity Uses own ideas Uses own Uses some Did not used
and ideas most of imagination own ideas or
imagination the time imagination
Craftmanship The The
The illustration The illustration illustration illustration
is neat and has few of has has very
carefully made erasures numerous of numerous of
erasures erasures
Effort Took so much Slightly work Put a small It was done
of time and hard for the effort into the in a rushed
worked hard on activity activity and did not
the activity work hard
Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the
letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following object is an example of insulator?
A. Aluminum
B. Copper
C. Gold
D. Plastic
2. Two charged bodies are brought near each other and are observed to attract each other.
What can you infer about their charge?
A. Both positive
B. Both negative
C. Neutral charges
D. Negative and positive
3. Pith balls are little Styrofoam balls coated in conductive paint. An uncharged pith ball
is suspended by a nylon fiber. What will happen to a pith ball when a negatively
charged rubber rod is brought near it without touching?
A. Becomes attracted
B. Becomes polarized
C. Is repelled by the rod
D. Becomes charged by induction
4. What do you call the process of charging a conductor by bringing it near another
charged object?
A. Conduction
B. Induction
C. Neutralization
D. Polarization
5. Which of the following best characterizes electrical insulators?

A. Their electric charges move freely.
B. Charges on the surface don’t move.
C. Insulators are good heat conductors.
D. Insulators have high tensile strength.
6. What do you call to the materials that hinder the free flow of charges within it?
A. Conductors
B. Insulators
C. Golds
D. Neutrons
7. Which of the following pairs of objects are insulators?

A. Rubber & gold
B. Plastic & glass
C. Copper & aluminum
D. Copper & aluminum
8. To say that an object is electrically polarized is to say that .

A. it is electrically charged.
B. the charges are distributed.
C. it is only partially conducting.
D. its charges have been rearranged.
9. A neutral atom gains an electron. What type of charge does it have now?
A. Neutral
B. Negative
C. Positive
10. You wish to use a positively charged rod to charge a ball by induction. Which
statement is correct?
A. The ball must be a conductor.
B. The charge on the ball will be positive.
C. The ball is charged as the area of contact between the two increases.
D. The ball must be an insulator that is connected temporarily to the ground.
11. A positively charged piece of Styrofoam is placed on the table. A neutral aluminum
pie plate is brought near. While held above the Styrofoam, the aluminum plate is
touched. At this point there is a movement of electrons. Electrons move .
A. into the aluminum plate from the hand.

B. out of the aluminum plate into the hand.
C. from the Styrofoam through the aluminum plate.
D. from the ground through the aluminum plate to the Styrofoam.
12. A positively charged balloon is brought near a neutral conducting sphere as shown
below. While the balloon is near, the sphere is touched (grounded). At this point, there
is a movement of electrons. Electrons move .
Source: K to 12 Science Grade & Learners Material
A. into the sphere from the balloon.

B. out of the sphere into the balloon.
C. into the sphere from the ground (hand).
D. out of the sphere into the ground (hand).
13. A positively charged sphere A is brought close without touching to a neutral sphere B.
Sphere B is touched with a grounded wire. What is the charge on Sphere B after the
wire is removed?
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. It stays neutral
14. How is charging by induction carried out?

A. If a neutral object cancels out both charges
B. If there is a transfer of electrons between the 2 objects when rubbed
together
C. If a negatively charged object is in contact with a neutral object both objects
were takes a negative charge
D. If a negatively charged object is used to charge a neutral object and the neutral
object will acquire a positive charge.
15. How does an atom becomes charged?
A. By losing protons
B. By gaining neutrons
C. By distributing the charges
D. By gaining and losing of electrons
Directions: Fill in the crossword puzzle. Be guided by the Across and Down
clues below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
2
1 5
4
3
Across
1- the realignment of charge on the surface of an
insulator 3- it is a device that can be used for
detecting charges
6- the process of charging that requires no contact with the object inducing the
charge
Down
2- these are materials which permits the flow of electric
charges 5- materials that do not allow charges to move
freely
4- a carrier of positive charge
REFERENCES
Books
Alvie J. Asuncion et.al. 2017. K to 12 Science Grade & Leraners Material.

Pasig City:Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd- BLR).
Jomar Aries T. Laurente et.al. 2015. Science for the 21st Century Learner 7.
MakatiCity: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC.
Asuncion, Alvie J., et al. K to 12 Science Grade 7 Learner’s Material. First Edition.
Pasig City: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR), 2017.

Asuncion, Alvie J., et al.K to 12 Science Grade 7 Teacher’s Guide. First
Edition. PasigCity: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR), 2017.
Mapa, Amelia.,et al.EASE I Module 9 (Going Places).Quezon City:

Book MediaPress., 2001.
Asuncion, Alvie J., et al. K to 12 Science Grade 7 Learner’s Material. First

Edition. PasigCity: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR),
2017.
Asuncion, Alvie J., et al. K to 12 Science Grade 7 Teacher’s Guide. First

Edition. Pasig City: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR),
2017.
“Displacement-Time Graphs .” BBC News. BBC. Accessed August 22,

2020.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/znpp92p/revision/4.
“Motion Diagrams or Dot Diagrams.” The Physics Classroom. Accessed

August 22, 2020.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-
2/Ticker-Tape-Diagrams.
“Ticker Tape Diagrams: Analyzing Motion and Acceleration.” Study.com.

Accessed August 22, 2020.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/ticker-tape-diagrams-
analyzing-motion-and-acceleration.html.
Asuncion, Alvie J., Ph D. K to 12 Science Grade 7 Learners Material.

First. PasigCity: Bureau of Learning Resources (Deped - BLR),
2017.
Department of Education Strand Curriculum. Most Essential Learning Competency.
Pasig City: Deped BLR, 2020.

K to 12 Science Curriculum Guide. Pasig City: Department of Education BLR,
2018. Learning Resource Portal BEAM IV Unit 2 Waves. 3rd Edition Quezon City:
Bureau of
Learning Resources, 2014.
Creative Commons March 5, 2019. ttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain

(accessed July 15, 2020).
Pixabay. September 10, 2010. http://pixabayclipart.com (accessed July 7, 2020).

2020. http://publicdomainvectors.com (accessed July 1, 2020).
Vedran, Boris Rob S. September 10, 2019. http://free.svg.org.com (accessed
July21, 2020)

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Republic of the Philippines

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Which refers to the length of the entire path travelled by an object?

2. Which refers to the shortest distance between to object’s two positions?

3. The change in position over an interval of time is called .

5. If an object is in motion, it changes position relative to its .

6. Displacement can be equal to distance when .

7. Which of the following describes the distance covered by an object?

8. Which of the following shows the displacement travelled by an object?

I. When its position changes with respect to a point of reference.

In a general sense, you can say that motion is accompanied by a series of

Activity 1. Introduction to Motion

Directions: Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How far originally is the car from the tree?

Figure 2. A car in motion

Take a look at other illustration below.

Figure 3. A ball at the 0 m position.

In this case, add the magnitude of the same directions.

4 m, East – 1 m, West = 3 m, East

Note that direction is present when describing the displacement of an object or

Activity 2. How far?

Figure 5. A dog showing its total distance and displacement covered.

5. What is the starting point of the dog?

What I Have Learned

Distance Moving Motion

is defined as the change in position over an interval of time with

is a scalar quantity. It has magnitude but no direction. To get the total

“Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan, ay

2. Which of the following describes displacement?

4. Which of the following shows a distance covered by an object?

5. Which of the following best differentiates distance from displacement?

Figure 6. Reference point of the car, the ball and house.

Activity 3. Measuring Distance and Displacement

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

2. Which of the following is a unit of speed?

5. Which of the following statements refers to velocity?

6. Which of the following statements is/are true?

7. How do you compute for the average speed of each athlete?

9. What is the speed of a moving vehicle in going upward in an inclined road?

10. A moving jeepney is approaching an intersection. What should a responsible driver

For question 11, refer to the table below.

11. Who among the runners had the greatest speed?

12. Which of the following situation/s exhibit/s accelerated motion?

Learner Distance Travelled (m) Time (s)

A. Stella >Rhea >April

TOY DISTANCE TIME ( s)

A. Yes, because its speed is 20m/s.

Activity 1: Distance and Displacement

Activity 2: Fun Walk

As an equation, speed is shown as:

vave 3000 𝑘𝑚,𝐸

Constant Speed vs. Instantaneous Speed

As an equation, acceleration is shown as:

Examine the figure below showingthe velocity of the car changing.

Activity 3: Is It Accelerating or Not?

Diagram A: A rolling ball

Illustrated by Leah Joy D. Walan

5. Is the ball accelerating? Why or why not?

Diagram B: A jeepney travelling along mountainside

Source: SEDIP Physics Book

6. Describe the direction of the car’s motion in Diagram B.

Illustrated by Leah Joy D. Walan

8. Is the car changing its direction as it travels around the oval?

Activity 4: It’s Solving Time!