SMA Kelas 11 - Bahasa Inggris

Explanation Text (K13R K11, Kumer Fase F)

Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text
Doc Name:000903 Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text Version:202304100438

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No. 1
Miko : I read on the internet that brief naps can be restorative and reduce fatigue during the day. However, I felt groggy
and disoriented after waking up from a nap. (...)
Sara : It is true that taking a nap is a great way to give the body and mind a short rest, but the duration of a nap is
important. Taking a long nap may leave you feeling tired and sluggish. The ideal nap is about 20 minutes around
the middle of the day. 
Miko : Oh, maybe that’s why! Usually, I nap for an hour in the early evening.

Fill in the blank using the appropriate expression!

A. How come I feel so rubbish after a nap?

B. Do you know why napping is good for you?
C. Could you explain why my body dislikes a nap?
D. Why does the internet spreads misinformation?
E. Could anyone tell me why nap length is important?

No. 2
Sol : Next Monday, I am going to go on a sightseeing trip in Paris. Sadly, many museums are closed on Mondays. I wonder
why?
Mun : Well, on that day, (...). Also, Mondays are frequently chosen because it is a very low attendance day typically.
Anyway, why don’t you visit the Louvre instead? It is open every day except on Tuesdays.
Sol : Oh, I understand now. Visiting the Louvre sounds like a great idea. Thank you!

Fill in the blank using the appropriate expression!

A. it is recommended to visit other museums in Paris

B. all of the maintenance and restoration work is done
C. the entry is free for visitors under the age of 18
D. visitors are not interested to visit the museum on Mondays
E. let me explain about the busiest days at the museum

No. 3
Which of the following is an appropriate title for an explanation text?

A. What Is the Average Human Body Temperature?

B. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
C. 10 Dinosaur Facts that Will Blow Your Mind
D. The Science of Why You Have Great Ideas in the Shower
E. The Do’s and Don’ts of Feeding Birds

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 SMA Kelas 11 - Bahasa Inggris
Explanation Text (K13R K11, Kumer Fase F)
Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text
Doc Name:000903 Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text Version:202304100438

No. 4
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The surface where they slip is
called the fault or fault plane. The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter,
and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.The earth has four major layers: the
inner core, outer core, mantle and crust. The crust and the top of the mantle make up a thin skin on the surface of our
planet.But this skin is not all in one piece – it is made up of many pieces like a puzzle covering the surface of the earth.
Sometimes an earthquake has foreshocks. These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same place as the larger
earthquake that follows. Scientists can’t tell that an earthquake is a foreshock until the larger earthquake happens. The
largest, main earthquake is called the mainshock. Mainshocks always have aftershocks that follow. These are smaller
earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock. Depending on the size of the mainshock,
aftershocks can continue for weeks, months, and even years after the mainshock.

While the edges of faults are stuck together, and the rest of the block is moving, the energy that would normally cause the
blocks to slide past one another is being stored up. When the force of the moving blocks finally overcomes the friction of
the jagged edges of the fault and it unsticks, all that stored up energy is released. The energy radiates outward from the
fault in all directions in the form of seismic waves like ripples on a pond. The seismic waves shake the earth as they move
through it, and when the waves reach the earth’s surface, they shake the ground and anything on it, like our houses and us.

The size of an earthquake depends on the size of the fault and the amount of slip on the fault, but that’s not something
scientists can simply measure with a measuring tape since faults are many kilometers deep beneath the earth’s surface. So
how do they measure an earthquake? They use the seismogram recordings made on the seismographs at the surface of
the earth to determine how large the earthquake was. A short wiggly line that doesn’t wiggle very much means a small
earthquake, and a long wiggly line that wiggles a lot means a large earthquake. The length of the wiggle depends on the
size of the fault, and the size of the wiggle depends on the amount of slip.

Seismograms come in handy for locating earthquakes too, and being able to see the P wave and the S wave is important.
You learned how P & S waves each shake the ground in different ways as they travel through it. P waves are also faster
than S waves, and this fact is what allows us to tell where an earthquake was.

source: usgs.gov

Which of the following paragraphs do show the part of the general statement and  the part of explanation, respectively?

A. 2 and 3
B. 2 and 4
C. 1 and 3
D. 3 and 4
E. 4 and 5

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 SMA Kelas 11 - Bahasa Inggris
Explanation Text (K13R K11, Kumer Fase F)
Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text
Doc Name:000903 Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text Version:202304100438

No. 5
Certain animals hibernate because food supplies become scarce during the winter months. By going into a long deep sleep,
they bypass this period completely, waking up when food becomes more plentiful. Bears are associated with hibernation
(1), although they are not considered true hibernators (2), because their body temperature doesn't lower significantly, but
a variety of animals take advantage of this evolved adaptation, including the jumping mouse, little brown bat, eastern
chipmunk, woodchuck, and certain species of ground squirrels. At least one bird is known to be a hibernator, the poorwill,
which lives in western North America.
It is believed that a compound in the blood of hibernators known as HIT (Hibernation Induction Trigger) (3) lets animals
know when it's time to prepare for hibernation. Shorter days, diminishing food supplies, and colder temperatures all
appear to influence HIT, though the exact mechanism remains a mystery. Hibernators tend to eat a lot of extra food in the
fall in anticipation of their winter slumber and build significant stores of white and brown body fat  to tide them over. Body
heat is provided by brown fat as well as needed energy when the animal wakes up. Some animals also store food in their
dens to consume during brief periods of wakefulness.

Several factors can influence hibernation (4). In regions where the winter is relatively mild, animals may hibernate for only
brief periods or not at all. During periods of long hibernation, many animals will rouse briefly to go to the bathroom and eat
a snack before falling asleep again. Certain species of bears are seen as unique hibernators (5) in that they do not awaken,
eat, drink, or go to the bathroom during their hibernation period, which can last several months.

Which sentence from the text above that is not considered as a passive voice sentence?

A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
E. (5)

No. 6
Which of the following sentences uses capitalization rules incorrectly?
[1] Shortly after British monarch Queen Elizabeth II passed away on September 8, the word “Kohinoor” began trending on
Indian Twitter. [2] It was a reference to one of the world’s most famous gems. [3] The Kohinoor diamond is just one of
2,800 stones set in the crown made for Elizabeth’s mother, known as the queen mother, but the 105-carat oval-shaped
brilliant is the proverbial jewel in the crown. [4] In India, it is notorious for the way in which it was acquired by the British.

Source: time.com

A. Sentence 1
B. Sentence 2
C. Sentence 3
D. Sentence 4
E. All of the above

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 SMA Kelas 11 - Bahasa Inggris
Explanation Text (K13R K11, Kumer Fase F)
Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text
Doc Name:000903 Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text Version:202304100438

Animals may not be able to form words, but they can certainly communicate. Primates have an advanced system of
communication that includes vocalization, hand gestures and body language. But even primates stop short of what man
has been able to achieve: spoken language. Our ability to form a limitless number of thoughts into spoken word is one of
the things that separates us from our less evolved cousins. While we know that language first appeared among Homo
sapiens somewhere between 30,000 and 100,000 years ago, the secret to how language evolved is still unknown, and
mainstream theories fall into two distinctly different camps.

One widely held theory is that language came about as an evolutionary adaptation, which is when a population undergoes
a change in process over time to better survive. That's where the idea of natural selection comes into play, which is the
notion that the specific physical traits of a population make that population more likely to survive its environment. Being
able to communicate using language gave the human species a distinct survival advantage. And two, language was
needed for social interaction, according to those who subscribe to the adaptation theory.

The other competing theory, posed by linguist Noam Chomsky and evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould, is that
language evolved as a result of other evolutionary processes, essentially making it a byproduct of evolution and not a
specific adaptation. The idea that language was a spandrel, a term coined by Gould, flew in the face of natural selection. In
fact, Gould and Chomsky pose the theory that many human behaviors are spandrels. These various spandrels came about
because of a process Darwin called "pre-adaptation," which is now known as exaptation. 

For those of you who think both camps present pretty good arguments, there's good news: They aren't mutually exclusive.
While science now shows us that it's likely there already were neural structures in place that allowed language to evolve,
meaning it was likely exapted, that doesn't necessarily explain language in full, with all of its complexities. Stringing words
together into sentences and the notion of grammar in language may have a lot to do with natural selection. So perhaps
language was originally exapted, but was refined through Darwinian selection. Surely a Homo sapiens with more advanced
communication skills would have some kind of evolutionary advantage over his single-word grunting cousin like Homo
erectus. But that more refined Homo sapiens wouldn't even have the opportunity to speak his first sentence if his brain
hadn't evolved to allow him to make a primitive hammer.

Source: https://science.howstuffworks.com

No. 7
What is the best title for the text?

A. The Language of Homo sapiens

B. Prehistoric Language and How It Shapes Homo sapiens
C. The Evolution of Humans’ Language
D. Benefits of Language for Homo sapiens
E. Homo sapiens and Our Competitive Advantages

No. 8
We can conclude from the text that .…

A. language was formed due to evolution and gives humans more advantage over other species
B. humans are not so different from other primates because they can communicate using vocalization
C. there are two distinct theories for the creation of language and both not scientifically proven
D. language is the most incredible thing created by humankind
E. the key for human survival is the ability to communicate with Homo erectus through grunts

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 SMA Kelas 11 - Bahasa Inggris
Explanation Text (K13R K11, Kumer Fase F)
Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text
Doc Name:000903 Tes Evaluasi - Explanation Text Version:202304100438

Have you ever used an evaporative cooler? It doesn’t cool the air as much as an air conditioner does, but it does its job well
enough. Known in the U.S. as swamp coolers, modern evaporative coolers can trace their lineage to ancient Egypt. They're
cheap, efficient and good for the environment. This is because these coolers work on a simple, efficient technology that
has been around a long time.

Evaporative coolers use a process called evaporative cooling to work. Liquid evaporates by shedding molecules into the
air, changing from a liquid state to a gas. As they become suspended in the air, the molecules draw some of the heat from
the hotter air, cooling it down as the water and air find equilibrium. The process also cools the remaining liquid, as hotter,
faster-moving molecules are the most likely to escape into the air.

How is this process applied in evaporative coolers? So, the main thing inside them is a blower -- a fan at the back end of
the box that brings air in from the outside and pushes it into the house at the front end. Before the air goes into the house,
it passes through a set of damp pads, where the evaporation takes place. A small pump keeps the pads moist, so the water
doesn't just evaporate away completely.

Source: howstuffworks.com (with modifications)

No. 9
Based on the text, the following statements are true, except ….

A. In an evaporative cooler, evaporation occurs in a set of moistened pads

B. An evaporative cooler blows air from inside the house to the outside
C. The components of an evaporative cooler consist of a pump
D. In the evaporation process, liquid releases molecules into the air
E. The writer of the text considers evaporative coolers to be environmentally friendly

No. 10
The word “end” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ….

A. side
B. finish
C. terminate
D. demise
E. hole

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