CBSE/ ICSE CLASS 12

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS (ITF)

1. Domain and Range of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

2. Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

𝜋 𝜋
(i) sin-1 (sin θ) = θ and sin (sin-1x) = x; -1 ≤ x ≤ 1 and - 2 ≤ θ ≤ 2

(ii) cos-1 (cos θ) = θ and cos (cos-1x) = x; -1 ≤ x ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ θ ≤ π

𝜋 𝜋
(iii) tan-1 (tan θ) = θ and tan (tan-1x) = x; - ∞ ≤ x ≤ ∞ and - 2 ≤ θ ≤ 2

(iv) cot-1 (cot θ) = θ and cot (cot-1x) = x; - ∞ ≤ x ≤ ∞ and 0 ≤ θ ≤ π

(v) sec-1 (sec θ) = θ and sec (sec-1x) = x

(vi) cosec-1 (cosec θ) = θ and cosec (cosec-1x) = x

1 1
(vii) sin-1 x = cosec-1 𝑥 or cosec-1 x = sin-1 𝑥

1 1
(viii) cos-1 x = sec-1 𝑥 or sec-1 x = cos-1 𝑥

1 1
(ix) tan-1 x = cot-1 𝑥 or cot-1 x = tan-1 𝑥

𝑥 √1− 𝑥 2 1 1
(x) sin-1 x = cos -1 √1 − 𝑥 2 = tan-1 = cot-1 = sec-1 = cosec-1
√1− 𝑥 2 𝑥 √1− 𝑥 2 𝑥

√1− 𝑥 2 𝑥 1 1
(xi) cos-1 x = sin -1 √1 − 𝑥 2 = tan-1 = cot-1 = cosec-1 = sec-1 𝑥
𝑥 √1− 𝑥 2 √1− 𝑥 2

𝑥 1 1 √1+ 𝑥 2
(xii) tan-1 x = sin -1 = cos-1 = cot-1 = sec-1 √1 + 𝑥 2 = cosec-1
√1+ 𝑥 2 √1+ 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥

𝜋
(xiii) sin -1 x + cos -1 x = 2 , where -1 ≤ x ≤ 1

𝜋
(xiv) tan -1 x + cot -1 x = 2 , where - ∞ ≤ x ≤ ∞

www.aaei.in | aaeduinst@gmail.com | ASHISH AGARWAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE (AAEI) | Barrackpore and Howrah | 8910034804/ 9790936356
 𝜋
(xv) sec -1 x + cosec -1 x = , where x ≤ -1 or x ≥ 1
2

𝑥+𝑦
(xv) tan -1 x + tan -1 y = tan -1 [ 1 − 𝑥𝑦 ] , where xy < 1

𝑥+𝑦
(xvi) tan -1 x + tan -1 y = π + tan -1 [ 1 − 𝑥𝑦 ] , where xy > 1

𝑥−𝑦
(xvii) tan -1 x - tan -1 y = tan -1 [ 1 + 𝑥𝑦 ]

(xviii) sin -1 x + sin -1 y = sin -1 [ 𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ], if x, y ≥ 0 , x2 + y2 ≤ 1

(xix) sin -1 x - sin -1 y = sin -1 [ 𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 - 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ], if x, y ≥ 0 , x2 + y2 ≤ 1

(xx) sin -1 x + sin -1 y = π - sin -1 [ 𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2], if x, y ≥ 0 , x2 + y2 > 1

(xxi) sin -1 x - sin -1 y = π - sin -1 [ 𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 - 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ], if x, y ≥ 0 , x2 + y2 > 1

(xxii) cos -1 x + cos -1 y = cos -1 [ 𝑥𝑦 - √1 − 𝑦 2 .√1 − 𝑥 2 ], if x, y ≥ 0 , x2 + y2 ≤ 1

(xxiii) cos -1 x - cos -1 y = cos -1 [ 𝑥𝑦 + √1 − 𝑦 2 .√1 − 𝑥 2 ], if x, y ≥ 0 , x2 + y2 ≤ 1

(xxiv) cos -1 x + cos -1 y = π - cos -1 [ 𝑥𝑦 - √1 − 𝑦 2 .√1 − 𝑥 2 ], if x, y ≥ 0 , x2 + y2 > 1

(xxv) cos -1 x - cos -1 y = π - cos -1 [ 𝑥𝑦 + √1 − 𝑦 2 .√1 − 𝑥 2 ], if x, y ≥ 0 , x2 + y2 > 1

(xxvi) sin -1 (- x) = - sin -1 x

(xxvii) cos -1 (- x) = π - cos -1 x

(xxviii) tan -1 (- x) = - tan -1 x

(xxix) cot -1 (- x) = π - cot -1 x

(xxx) 2 sin -1 x = sin -1 [2x√1 − 𝑥 2 ]

(xxxi) 2 cos -1 x = cos -1 [2x2 - 1]

2𝑥 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥2
(xxxii) 2 tan -1 x = tan -1 [1− 𝑥2 ] = sin -1 [1+ 𝑥2 ] = cos -1 [ 1 +𝑥2
]

(xxxiii) 3 sin -1 x = sin -1 [3x – 4x3]

(xxxiv) 3 cos -1 x = cos -1 [4x3 – 3x]

3𝑥− 𝑥 3
(xxxv) 3 tan -1 x = tan -1[1 − 3𝑥2 ]

www.aaei.in | aaeduinst@gmail.com | ASHISH AGARWAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE (AAEI) | Barrackpore and Howrah | 8910034804/ 9790936356