Day 10: The Establishment of Asaf Jahi Dynasty

Mughal Period
• Abdul Hasan Tana Shah lost
 Daulatabad Fort
 1699 CE
 Khurdabad (Guru Shah Raj Kakkal)
• Under Mughal (1687 CE to 1724 CE)
• Sources
 Muntakhab-ul-Lubab (Kafi Khan)
 Travelogues (Ferishta, Tavernier, Bernier, Thevenot, Martin)
• Rahulla Khan (Temporary)
 Maratha attack
 Rahulla Khan fled to Golconda
• New Subedar-Zansifar Khan
 Subedar of Bijapur
 Military General
 Repair of Forts
 Kaulas, Elgandal, Koilkonda, Warangal, Panagal
 Fauzdars System continued (Deccani Muslims)
 Cavalry in Paraganas
• Zamindar issue
 Manne Sultan
 Questioned Mughal Authority
 Independence in 1687 CE
 Zamindars-
 Telangana- Kaulas, Palvancha, Jataprolu, Noorkoel
 Coastal Andhra-Vizinagaram, Peddapuram, Mogaltur, Nuzividu, Vinukonda,
Kondaividu
 Poligars-revolt
 Rayalaseema
 Military use
 Accepted Mughals
• Death of Subedar Khan Sifar Khan-1700
 Prince-Kambaksh (Ruler of Hyderabad and Bijapur)
 Rustumdil Khan
 Difference of Opinion
 Maratha attack (Conspiracy by Rustumdil Khan)
 Drought in Hyderabad (1701-1702 AD)
 Maratha attack (1704 CE)-East India Company in Machilipatnam
 Lost faith in Mughal ruler
• Death of Aurangazeb (1707 CE)
 Succession war
 Kambaksh (Deccan Subedar)
 Azam Shah (Viceroy of Gujarat)
 Shah Alam (Viceroy of Kabul)
 Battle of Jajau (1708 CE)
 Shah Alam kills Azam Shah
 Mughal throne (Bahadur Shah)
 Rule of Kambaksh in Hyderabad
 Rustum Khan and Bahadur Shah
 Kambaksh kills Rustum Khan
 Imposed Jazia in Hyderabad
 Dissatisfaction among merchants and people
 Band of raiders
 Sarvai Papanna of Khilashapur
• Sarvai Papanna (1695-1710 CE)
 Source- Muntakab-ul-Lubab
 Khafi Khan
 Liberation from Mughal rule
 Location- Khilashapur (North-East of Warangal)
 Village-Tarikonda
 Caste-Kallu gita or Gaundla Caste
 Aspired to be ruler-Egalitarian Society- Hindu, Muslim and Tribe Army
 Constructed Fort at Tarikonda
 Association with Venkata Rao
 Zamindar of Kaulas
 Accepted Mughals (Mansabdar)
 Revolt against Zamindar
 Arrested
 Opposed Fauzdars and Zamindars
• Qasim Khan (Fauzdar of Kolanupak)
 Battle with Papanna Army
 Qasim Khan got Killed
• Attack by Rustumdil Khan (1702 CE)
 Fort destroyed and Papanna escaped
• Came back and Bulit new Fort
 Support of Sarvadu and Purdhil Khan
 Killed each other
 Papanna became main enemy
 Attempt by Rustumdil Khan (1706 CE)
• Death of Aurangazeb and War of Succession
 Papanna occupied Forts of Warangal (April 1708 CE) and Bhuvanagiri (June 1708 CE)
 Better administration
• New Empire- Bahadur Shah I
 People’s Darbar
 Papanna also invited
 Robe of Honor
 Shah-i-Nayath (Conspiracy)
 Khafi-Khan (New Governor of Hyderabad)
 Order from Bahadur Shah I
 Military Commander (Dilawar Khan)
 War (1709 CE)
 Papanna lost and fled
 War (1710 CE)
 Sarvai Papanna died
 Emergence of Nizam-ul-Mulk
• Jahandar Shah
 Mubrez Khan (Governor of Hyderabad)
 King Makers-Sayyed Brothers (Hasan Ali and Hussain Ali)
 Nizam-ul-Mulk (Mir Qamruddin) as Subedar of Deccan (1713 CE)
 Replaced Dawood Panni
 Hussain Ali Khan (May 1715)- Farukh Siyar
 Infight in Deccan
 Mubrez Khan and Hussain Ali Khan
 Mubrez Khan won
 Battle of Shakarkhed-1724 CE
 Mughal forces, Mubrez Khan, Nizam-ul-Mulk
 Mubrez Khan won but lost life
 Establishment of Asafjahi
• Independent Hyderabad state in 1724 CE
• Founder- Mir Qamruddin-Chin-Qilich Khan
• Period (1724 CE-1948 CE)
• Origin-
 Belong to Samarkhand Province in Central Asia (Bukhara Kingdom-Alam Shaik-Sufi Saint)
 Claim descent from first Caliph Abu Bakr
 Khwaja Abid (Son)
 Khwaja-Abid-Bujaro migrated to India
 Admitted to Court of Shah Jahan
 Died (1687 CE)- Fight against Golconda rulers
 Played Major role in revolt of Akbar (Son of Aurangazeb)
 Shihabuddin Siddique (Son)
 Joined Army in 1669 CE (Aurangazeb)
 Rajput vs Mughals
 Title- Ghazi-Ud-din and Firoz Jung
 Mir Qamruddin (1671 CE)
 Shihabuddin and Saphia Khanam
 Daughter of Sadullah Khan (Minister in the court of Shah Jahan)
• Qamruddin (1671 CE)
 Commanded Mughal Army (Fort Adoni-1691 CE)
 Title- Chin-Qilich-Khan (Aurangazeb)
 Leader of Turanis in Mughal Darbar
 Governor of Bijapur (1700-1707 CE)
 Succession War (No role)
 Royal representative of Awadh and Fauzdar of Gorakhpur
 1707 CE
 Bahadur Shah I
 Subedar of Deccan
 1713 CE
 Farukh Siyar (1713-1719 CE)
 Suppressed Zamindari revolt and handled Marathas
 Mubrez Khan
 Stopped Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
 Internal politics by Sayyed Brothers
 Discontinued as Subedar of Deccan
 Hassan Ali
 Deal with Marathas (Against Mughals)
 Reinstalled Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
• Mubrez Khan
 1718 CE- Maratha invasion
 Mubrez Khan defeated
 Paid Chauth
• Decline of Faruk Siyar
 Role of Sayyed Brothers
 Sultan against them
 Hassan Ali came back from Deccan to Delhi
 Faruk Siyar was dethroned
 Rafi-Ud-din-Raza (new Ruler)
 Brothers became strong
 Muhammad Shah I (1719 CE)
 Nizam as Wazir in Deccan Subha (1722 CE)
 Dissatisfaction
 Decided to focus on Deccan
 Battle of Shakher Kheda 1724 CE (Mubrez Khan got killed by Nizam)
 Nizam-Ul-Mulk as Subedar of Malwa region (1729 CE)
 Nizam against Sayyed Brothers
 Later removed
 Conquered Forts of Asirgarh and Burhanpur
 Questioned Mughal Authority
 Emergence of Independent Hyderabad Kingdom
• Victory at Shakher Kheda
 Subedar of the Deccan
 Muhammed Shah accepted
 Expanded to Karnataka, Marathwada and Coastal Andhra
 Between River Godavari and River Krishna
• Invasion of Nadir Shah
 Attacked Delhi (1738 CE)
 Muhammed Shah I failed
 Mediation by Nizam-ul-Mulk
 Avoided Blood shed in Delhi
 Got title- Amir-ul-Umra Bakshi ul Mumlik
 Nadir Shah offered Mughal Throne to him
• Nizam-ul-Mulk
 Aurangazeb to Muhammed Shah
 87 Battles
 Peace loving person
 Diplomacy
• 5 sons and a Daughter
• Title- Asaf Jah by Muhammed Shah
Challenges ahead for Nizam-ul-Mulk
• Carnatic Situation
• Under his control as Subedar
• Nawab of Carnatic (Sadatullah Khan)
 Adopted sons- Dost Ali and Bakar Ali
 Dost Ali as Successor (Permission from Mughals)
 Dost Ali came to Throne
 Refused to Pay Tax
 Nizam dissatisfied
 Maratha invasion (1740)
 Arcot attack (Capital of Carnatic)
 Dost Ali died
 Defeated Chanda Sahib (Tiruchinapally) (Dost Ali son in law)
 Taken as prisoner ( Satara prison)
 Appointed Safdar Ali as ruler by Maratha
 Tax for Maratha and for Nizam
 Huge tax burden
 Revolt by Murtiza Ali Khan (Ruler of Nellore)
 Killed Safar Ali and tried to be ruler
 Nizam intervention- Sent back Marathas
 Syed Muhammed Khan (Ruler- Son of Safdar Ali)-1742 AD (Anwaruddin)
• East Coast war between English and French
 French got Madras
 Anwaruddin son (Mahafuz Khan to help British)
 Nizam-ul-Mulk intervention (1747)
 Appointment of Nasir Jung as Nawab of Arcot, Kadapa and Kondannur.
 Death of Nizam-Ul-Mulk (1748 AD)
• First Carnatic War (1746-1748 AD)
 Austria Succession War
 Anwaruddin interference for peace
 Arrival of Bornet (English Commander)
 Captured French Ships at Carnatic
 Anwaruddin intervention
 Bornet sent back to England
 Labordinies- French Governor of Mauritius
 Dupleix and Labordinies captured Madras- Sept 1746
 Anwaruddin interference- Madras given back
 Battle of Adayar (1746)
 French conquered Madras
 Anwaruddin sent Army to Santhome
 French won- Treaty of Axis-La-Chapell (1748)
THANK YOU