SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY ● The oldest civilizations are believed

to have emerged sometime before

● Explores in rich and compelling
3000 BC, but excavations from Catal
ways what difference it makes to
Hüyük in Anatolia have shown that
human societies that we, collectively,
the people in today's Turkey had
are producers and users of science
developed advanced skills in
and technology.
measurement and accurate mapping

● STS research, teaching, and as early as 6200 BC.

outreach offer citizens of modern,

TECHNOLOGY
high-tech societies the resources
● Has changed its meaning several
with which to evaluate—analytically,
times since it came into use in
aesthetically, and ethically—the
Europe during the 17th century.
benefits and the risks, the perils and
● Application of knowledge about
the promises, of notable advances in
nature to the practical aims of
science and technology.
human endeavor.

SCIENCE ● Stone-age humans realized that

● It is a systematic knowledge of flintstone produces better cutting

nature through repeatable tools than sandstone. They made

observation and experimentation. Its that discovery and used their new

aim is the discovery of the laws that knowledge well before someone

govern natural phenomena. found the scientific explanation for

● Science developed from the the phenomenon.

observation of regularity in the

SOCIETY
natural world such as: a) the return
● Organizational form in which
of spring after winter, b) the setting
individuals of a species live together.
of the sun at a day's end, c) the
● Humans are the only creatures that
falling of the ebb tide after high
live in evolving societies because
water. Regularity suggests that
they can restructure their societies in
nature is not all chaos but follows
response to changes in
rules.
environmental and economic
● It has been a human activity well
conditions.
before the development of the first
● Group of individuals involved in
civilizations.
persistent social interaction, or a
 large social group sharing the same maintenance of a water supply or a
geographical or social territory, transportation system.
● The earliest human society was the ● This requires an advanced
hunter-gatherer society. administration, which is not found
● Agricultural society is still before the development of cities.
widespread today and probably the ● Always sustained by an urban
most common society structure society, although the majority of its
across the globe, it coexists with the people may (and often do) live in an
more advanced form of urban agricultural society structure in the
society. countryside.
● The existence of prehistoric art
SOCIETY AND ETHICS
demonstrates that human societies
● The establishment of a moral code is
developed a culture before they
therefore a natural product of the
developed civilization. The point
evolution of societies (Singer, 1995).
where a culture evolved into
It is a widespread belief that moral
civilization is difficult to determine,
codes are based on religious
and the boundaries between the two
foundations and that without religion
concepts are indeed blurred.
there can be no agreement on what
● If culture is behavior, civilization
is right and what is wrong.
is structure. One approach to
● The comparative study of humans
defining civilization lists a few
and animal societies shows that
conditions that have to be met
moral codes are a natural ingredient
before society is considered a
and regulator of life in all societies.
civilization.
Any group of humans or animals
● Civilizations are large structures that
falls apart if its members make
can contain many cultures. The
frequent recourse to totally
boundaries between different
unrestrained attacks.
civilizations are sometimes not well
defined, particularly when one
CIVILIZATION
civilization evolved from another. It is
● Requires that the society has
therefore not possible to state with
developed a central institution
certitude a definite number for all
responsible for the organization of
civilizations of the world, but the
daily life support, for example, the
number is small, much smaller than
 the number of languages, nations or capabilities and habits acquired by
art styles. There are a few thousand man as a member of society.
languages and hundreds of cultures
CULTURE DEFINED
but only about a dozen civilizations.
● Culture is behavior; it
includes language, rituals,
CHARACTERIZED BY:
social customs and many
1. the existence of cities;
other elements of expression
2. advanced division of labour based
on specialized occupational groups; Ex. Neolithic Culture - an artistic
3. social classes, including a ruling expressions of stone age humans
class that is exempt from work for
French Culture - “French way of life”’ which
basic subsistence;
is a major consideration in the formation of
4. an administration that can collect
today’s nation.
"social surplus" (taxes or tribute);
5. public buildings not designed as
dwellings but for communal SUMMARY

purposes; and
● Science is a system of
6. record-keeping in written form.
knowledge based on repeatable
observation and experiment.
DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT Religion is a system of
CIVILIZATIONS knowledge based on unverifiable
belief.
Different civilizations are described based
● Technology is the application of
mainly on their:
knowledge about nature to the
● Cultural achievements practical aims of human
● Spiritual achievements endeavor.
● Artistic achievements ● Technology and science began
as parallel developments but
CULTURE became eventually inseparable.
● Society is the organizational
● Edward Burnett Taylor (1871) -
form in which individuals of a
Culture is that complex whole which
species live together.
includes knowledge, belief, art,
morals, law, custom, and any other
● Human society is the only INTERRELATEDNESS OF STS
evolving society; its structure
changes in response to
environmental and economic
conditions from the
hunter-gatherer society through
the agricultural society to urban
society.
● The development of cities was
accompanied by a division of
labour and by the development
● Long periods of human history were
of classes.
characterized by the mastering of
● The structure of the basic social
technologies such as smelting of
unit (family) of the human
copper, bronze or iron, without much
society evolves in response to
knowledge of the underlying
changes in society, and its role
scientific principles.
differs between its classes.
● Some societies' lack of scientific
● Civilization requires a central
understanding gave technology
institution responsible for the
mystical qualities and led to
organization of daily life and an
misguided activities such as
advanced administration.
Medieval European alchemy
● Civilization is structure; culture is
(unscientific attempts to convert lead
behavior.
or other loew value metals into silver
or gold) or the quest for immortality
through chemical concoctions in
ancient China.
● The symbol of symbiosis is probably
Thomas Alva Edision, the 1st
enginner to establish a factory for
inventions just before the 20th
century.
● S & T are activities exclusive to the
species Homo sapiens
● Rise of urban society is a clear
with designed,
example of the interaction between processes made, or
that seek developed
technology and society.
out the from natural
● Ancient cities were usually small but meaning of world
the natural materials
extremely crowded
world by and
● Evidence obtained from excavations “inquiry” substances
discovering to satisfy
from before 2000 BC suggests that
what is, human
cities up to 20,000 people occupied exploring, needs and
and using wants
less than half a kilometer square, a
scientific - Processes
population density nearly twice that method that we use
to
of today’s mode crowded cities such
alter/change
as Kolkata (Calcutta) or Shanghai. the natural
world such
● Villages societies in Europe and in
as
the South Pacific existed under invention,
innovation,
similar economic conditions but
practical
developed quite different social problem
solving and
structures.
design.
● Economic conditions of 21st century
capitalism can offer economic
independence for all; they do not INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN

prescribed a society of isolated SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

individuals connected through

electronic technology

Science Technology

- Deals with - Deals with

the natural humans
world modify
- Very change,
concerned alter, or
with what is control the
(exists) in natural
the natural world
world - What can or
- Concerned should be
 Effective application of S & T implies the
existence of certain prerequisites among
which are the ff:

- Creation of a social climate

favorable to the application of s & t
- Role and responsibilities of the
universities in the implantation of
science
- Technical and technological
education and training
- Promotion of technological science
and applied research
- Agricultural education and research
- Infrastructure of auxiliary services

IMPORTANCE / APPLICATION OF STS

DEVELOPMENT
● Development is simply becoming in
the future of what industrialized
countries are today
● Acceleration of economic growth
● Reduction of inequality
● Eradication of absolute poverty
● Multidimensional process
● Involves reorganization and
reorientation of entire economic and
social systems
● Involves major changes in
administrative, institutional and
social structures
● Major changes in popular attitudes,
customs, and beliefs
 HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE
WORLD
An antecedent is a thing that comes
before anything else.
In about 4000 BC, the Mesopotamians
tried to explain their observations by
suggesting that the Earth was at the
center of the Universe, and that the other
heavenly bodies moved around it. Humans
have always been interested in the nature
and origins of this Universe.
THE GREEKS were the first people to try
and develop the theory behind
observations. People such as Pythagoras
concentrated on a mathematical view of the
world. Similarly, Aristotle and
developed logical methods for examining
the world around them.
It was the Greeks who first suggested
that matter was made up of atoms -
fundamental particles that could not be
broken down further.
But it wasn't only the Greeks who moved
science on. Science was also
developed in India, China, the Middle East
and South America. Despite having their
own cultural view of the world, they each
independently developed materials such as
gunpowder, soap and paper.
However, it wasn't until the 13th century that
much of this scientific work was brought
together in European universities, and that it
started to look more like science as we
know it today.
Progress was relatively slow at first. For
example, it took until the 16th century for
Copernicus to revolutionize (literally) the
way that we look at the Universe, and for
Harvey to put forward his ideas on how
blood circulated around the human body.
This slow progress was sometimes the
result of religious dogma, but it was also a
product of troubled times!
THE BIRTH OF MODERN SCIENCE
their
It was in the 17th century that modern
science was really born, and the world
Plato began to be examined more closely, using
instruments such as the telescope,
microscope, clock and barometer. It was
also at this time that scientific laws started
to be put forward for such phenomena as
gravity and the way that the volume,
pressure and temperature of a gas are
related.
In the 18th century much of basic biology
being
and chemistry was developed as part of the
Age of Enlightenment.
The 19th century saw some of the great
names of science: people like the chemist
John Dalton, who developed the atomic
theory of matter, Michael Faraday and
James Maxwell who both put forward
theories concerning electricity and
magnetism, and Charles Darwin, who GREAT PEOPLE OF MEDIEVAL TIME
proposed the (still) controversial theory
- Johann Gutenberg (1398-1468) -
of evolution. Each of these developments
invention of printing press
forced scientists radically to re-examine
- Leonardo DaVinci (1452-1519) -
their views of the way in which the world
architect and designer
worked.
- Charlemagne (742-814) - emperor
CHARACTERISTIC OF TECHNOLOGY IN and king, bring new monetary
DIFFERENT ERAS system and educational reform
- Joan of Arc (1412-1431) -
- Increasing sedentism
missionary and military leader
- Metallurgy
- Craft specialization MODERN TIMES
- Monumental architecture
- Mark Zuckerberg - founder and CEO
- Astronomical observation
of fb
- Writing system
- Louis Pasteur - a french
- Roads and transportation\
microbiologist
GREAT ANCIENT TIME SCIENTISTS - Michael Faraday - discovered
principles of electromagnetic
- Aristotle - biology
induction and diamagnetism, and the
- Euclid - geometry
laws of electrolysis
- Hippocrates - medicine
- Archimedes - astronomy

CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIEVAL TIME HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE

PHILIPPINES
- Use of allegory - using of symbols or
representation that convey meaning Even before the colonization by the
rather than literal Spaniards in the Philippines, the natives
- Carefully studied human anatomy of the archipelago already had practices
- Developed art paintings
linked to science and technology,
- Invention of mechanical clock
Filipinos were already engaged in
- Technology of weaving and textile
farming, shipbuilding, mining and
making
weaving. The Rice Terraces are among
- Use of iron in mining
the sophisticated products of enemies during war or tribal conflicts,
engineering by pre- Spanish era Filipino. and for transportation, both on land and
on water ways. They also develop
technologies in creating musical
Brief History Of Science And Technology
In The Philippines instruments.

Science Stone Age

In pre- Spanish Philippines, science Archaeological findings show that

is embedded in the way of life of the modern man from Asian mainland first

Filipinos. Scientific knowledge is came over land across narrow channels

observed in the way they plant their to live in Batangas and Palawan about

crops that provide them food, in taking 48,000 B.C.

care of animals to help them in their Subsequently, they formed settlements

daily tasks and for food productions. in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga, Samar,
Negros, Batangas, Laguna, Rizal,
Bulacan, and Cagayan.
Science is observed in the way they
interpret the movements of heavenly Inventions

bodies to predict seasons and climates, They made simple tools and weapons
and in organizing days into months and of stone flakes and later developed
years. They used science in preparing method of sawing and polishing stones
the soil for agricultural purposes and like around 40,000 B.C
any other ancient culture, they
By around 3,000 B.C. they were
discovered the medicinal uses of plants.
producing adzes ornaments of seashells
Technology and pottery. Pottery flourished for the

Is used by people in building next 2,000 years until they imported

houses, irrigations and in developing Chinese porcelain. Soon they learned to

tools that they can use in everyday life. produce copper, bronze, iron, and gold

They develop tools for planting, hunting, metal tools and ornaments.

cooking, and fishing, for fighting their

Iron Age been well established from the 10th
century to the 15th century A.D.
The Iron Age lasted from the third
century B.C to 11th century A.D .During Trading
this period Filipinos were engaged in
The people of Ma-1 and San- Hsu
extraction, smelting and refining of iron
[Palawan] traded bee wax, cotton,
from ores until the importation of cast
pearls, coconut heart mats, tortoise shell
iron from Sarawak and later from
and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for
China.
porcelain, leads, fishnets sinker, colored
Inventions / Discoveries glass beads, iron, pots, iron needles and
fin.
They learned to weave cotton, make
glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland Before The Spaniards
rice and dike fields of terraced fields
Filipinos were already engaged in
utilizing spring water in mountain
activities and practices related to
regions.
science forming primitive or first wave
They also learned to build boats technology. Included were the curative
for trading purposes. values of some plant and the technology
on how to extract medicine from herbs.
Spanish chronicles noted refined plank
They had an alphabet, a system of
built warships called caracoa suited for
writing, a method of counting and
interisland trade raids.
weights and measure. They had no
10th Century A.D calendar, but the years were determined
by the period of the moon and the
Filipinos from the Butuan were
period from one harvest to another.
trading with champa [Vietnam] and
those from Ma-1 [Mindoro] with China
as noted in Chinese records containing
several references to the Philippines.
These archaeological findings indicated
that regular trade relations between the
Philippines, China and Vietnam had
 Science and Technology in the Colonization by the Spaniards
Philippines provided the Philippines with modern

● Pre- Colonial Period means of construction. Wall, roads,

bridges, and other large infrastructure
Scientific and technological were built using some of the engineering
development in the Philippines began in skills and tools brought by the
the Pre-Colonial Period. Even before the Spaniards. In addition, the Spanish
Spaniards came to the Philippine government developed health and
islands, early Filipino settlers were education systems that were enjoyed by
already using certain plants and herbs the principal class
as medicines. Systems of farming and
The American occupation
animal- raising were also implemented.
modernized almost all aspect of life in
Moreover, early Filipinos had also
the Philippines. They established a
developed different modes of
government Agency, the Bureau of
transportation, whether terrestrial or
Science ,for the sole purpose of
maritime.
Nurturing Development in the field of
A complicated engineering feat science and technology.
was achieved by the natives of the
Science and Technology during the
Cordilleras when they built rice terraces
American Period
by hand. Through these terraces, the
people were able to cultivate crops on Science and technology in the
the mountainsides in cold temperatures. Philippines advanced rapidly during the
They incorporated an irrigation system American regime. This was made
that uses water from the forests and possible by the simultaneous
mountain tops to achieve an elaborate government encouragement and
farming system. The rice terraces of the support for an extensive public
Cordilleras, which are still functional, education system, the granting of
show the innovative and ingenious way scholarships for higher education in
of the natives to survive in an otherwise science and engineering, the
unfriendly environments. organization of science research

Colonial Period
agencies and establishment of science
based public services.
In 1947, the Bureau of Science
was recognized into an Institute of
Science. In the same year, an Institute
of Nutrition, and in 1952, the Science
Foundation of the Philippines [SFP]
were created and placed [along with the
Institute of Science] under the Office of
the President.
Roberto del Rosario is the president of the
Trebel Music Corporation and the inventor
of the Karaoke
Sing Along System in 1975.
4.LUNAR ROVER BY EDWARDO SAN
JUAN
- He is the inventor of the Moon Buggy or
the Lunar Rover. This Moon buggy was the
car used by Neil Armstrong and other
astronauts when they first explored the
moon in 1969.

5.VIDEOPHONE BY GREGORIO ZARA

DIFFERENT FILIPINO INVENTIONS
- Gregorio Zara was born in Lipa City
1. FLORESCENT BY AGAPITO FLORES
Philippines, invented the videophone in
- is the reason why the world becomes
1955 and referred to as a Photophone
brighter. A Filipino Inventor who is known for
separator signal. Gregorio Zara invented 30
his funnel of the Fluorescent light tube
Patented products includingThe Compass in
invention – one of the most commonly used
1929, Wooden Microscope, Vapor Chamber
lighting devices in the world.
and Robot that talked, walked, and
2. INCUBATOR BY FE DEL MUNDO responded to a given command. Etc.

- The first Asian to have entered the - Renowned Filipino engineer and physicist.
prestigious Harvard University’s School of A native of Lipa, Batangas and enrolled at
Medicine is also credited for her studies that the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
lead to the invention of incubator and (MIT) in the United States, and graduated
jaundice relieving device. with a degree of BS in Mechanical
Engineering in 1926
- Alumna of UP College of Medicine
6. ERYTHROMYCIN BY ABELARDO
3. KARAOKE BY ROBERTO DEL
AGUILAR
ROSARIO
- Aguilar discovered the antibiotic from the
Aspergillus species of fungi in 1949 and
sent samples to Indiana-based computers work a lot faster and for helping
pharmaceutical firm Eli Lilly Co. The drug develop the Ethernet controller chip that
firm allegedly registered the propriety name made the Internet possible. In 1989, he
Iloson for the antibiotic in honor of Iloilo pioneered the local bus concept for
province where Aguilar discovered it. personal computers and in the following
Erythromycin, the generic name of Iloson, year developed the First Windows
was reportedly the first successful macrolide accelerator chip. Intel is now using the chips
antibiotic introduced in the US. and technologies developed by Banatao. He
now runs his own semiconductor company,
7. ALCO-DIESEL, LAN-GAS, AND
Mostron, and Chips & Technology, which is
SUPERBUNKER FORMULA L BY RUDY
based in California’s Silicon Valley.
LANTANO SR.
10. QUINK INK INVENTED BY
In 1996, Rudy Lantano Sr., a revolutionary
FRANCISCO QUISUMBING
fuel half-composed of water. The mix burns
faster and emits pollutants, 95 percent less - an innovative ink at that time and was
than those released to the air by traditional further developed to work with Parker Pens.
fuel products. The inventor said his Aside from being quick-drying, it was also
invention is a result of blending new water-resistant, did not clog the pen
ingredients and additives with ordinary oil opening, does not blot, and will not fade. It
products through agitation and mixing, is considered one of the best selling ink for
which is a very safe process. fountain pens of the millennium.

8.FEMININE HYGIENE BY DR. VIRGILIO 11. Daniel Dingel

MALANG
- Invention: Water-powered car;
Dr. Virgilio “Billy” Malang is one of the started working on a water-powered
renowned Filipino inventors. One of his car and prototype in 1969. His
famous inventions was the Feminine hydrogen reactor uses electricity
Hygiene or The External Vaginal Cleanser. from a 12-volt car battery to
transform ordinary tap water with
9.SINGLE-CHIP GRAPHICAL USER
salt into deuterium oxide or heavy
INTERFACE ACCELERATOR BY
water.
DIOSDADO BANATAO
- His car has never been patented
– introduced the first single-chip graphical and commercialized because of
user interface accelerator that made what he suspects as an anti-Dingel
 car conspiracy by multinational oil 2. DARWINIAN • This has brought
companies. a great impact on how people
approach Biology forever. This
revolution provided a different
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION than the "theory of Creation".
The Darwinian revolution started
The term "Intellectual Revolution“
when Charles Darwin published
● is used to refer to Greek his book "The Origin of Species"
speculation about the "nature" in that emphasizes that humans
the period before Socrates are the result of an evolution.
(roughly 600 to 400 BCE). 3. FREUDIAN • This theory has
● the alternative, technical terms started to revolutionize
are "pre Socratic" or Psychiatry with Sigmund Freud.
"non-theological" or "first This includes the "Freudian
philosophy" Theory of Personality" that
involves the human development
There are three characteristic features of
contributes to his/her personality
this form of speculation
and also his "psychoanalysis"
● the world is a natural whole that is the process for achieving
● there is a natural order proper functioning if a human
● humans can discover those laws does not complete his/her
developmental stage.
Intellectual revolutions that defined society
4. INFORMATION • This has been
1. COPERNICAN • This caused the
the era in which technology has
paradigm shift of how the earth
been prevalent. It is also known
and sun were placed in the
as the Computer Age that has
heavens/universe. It is the idea
brought so much change on how
that rejected Ptolemaic model
are we living today.
(earth is the center of the solar
5. MESO-AMERICAN • It has
system) and proved the
contributed a lot ideas or
heliocentric model (Sun is the
discoveries for Archaeology. The
center of the solar system
temples and pyramids left a lot
having the earth revolving
about of Architecture that leads
around it.)
us to study more of it.
 6. ASIAN • The revolution itself new technologies with the potential to
taught Asian countries about result in dynamic economic
freedom and independent performance. This, however, has not
nationhood along the
been the case with most developing
improvement brought by it
countries and their development plans
internally.
have not given adequate emphasis and
7. MIDDLE EAST • The revolutions
importance to science and technology
in the Middle East were a
product of the development and
and in particular to research in the

growth of individual nationalism, science and technology aspects.

imperialism, for the efforts to Countries like Japan, India, South
westernize and modernize Korea, and Taiwan have achieved much
Middle Eastern societies, and to through science and technology for
push the declining power of the economic growth.
Ottoman Empire in the Arab
region.
The basic sciences physics, biology,

8. AFRICAN • The fight against chemistry, and mathematics form the

colonialism and imperialism in foundation from which applied sciences,
Africa. technology, and engineering are built.
Without a proper foundation in basic
S & T IN NATION BUILDING
sciences, it is very difficult if not
It is a well-known fact that no nation can impossible to achieve sustainable
develop without advancing in the areas scientific development.
of science and technology. Science and
Until recently economists considered
technology are essential tools in every
land, labor, and capital as the only
sector of society. It is a well- established
important economic factors. Intellectual
fact that science and technology impact
pursuits and knowledge were seen as
all aspects of our lives as well as the
unrelated to and without any utility for
planet we live on. Science and
concrete things. It is now recognized
technology have been considered as
that scientific knowledge, which is
one of the driving forces of the
inexhaustible, is more essential for the
economic growth of nations. Most
developed countries have generated
wealth creation of nations today than
either capital or land.
The standard of living of a nation
depends on science and technology
whether in agriculture, food production,
good health, good housing,
communication, better roads, etc.
Even if a country has a national
commitment to science and technology,
if literacy is low, it will not be successful
in its national development.
S & T EDUCATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT S &
T AGENDA
The DOST, in consultation with government
and private research and development
institutions, the academe, industry, and
other concerned agencies, prepared the
Harmonized National R&D Agenda
(HNRDA) 2017-2022 to ensure that the
results of S&T endeavors are geared
towards and are utilized in areas of
maximum economic and social benefit for
the people. The formulation of the HNRDA
is in line with the DOST’s mandate of
providing central direction, leadership, and
coordination of the scientific and
technological efforts in the country. The
HNRDA is aligned with AmBisyon Natin
2040: matatag, maginhawa at panatag na
buhay para sa lahat. It has three pillars:
Malasakit (enhancing the social fabric),
Pagbabago (reducing inequality) and
Kaunlaran (increasing potential growth).
AmBisyon Natin 2040 and the three pillars
form the foundation for more inclusive
growth, a high-trust and resilient society and
a globally competitive knowledge economy.
The DOST’s Harmonized National R&D
Agenda (2017-2022) had the following R&D
Priority Areas and Programs:
Section I: National Integrated Basic
Research Agenda (NIBRA)
Section II. Health
Section III. Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural
Resources Sector (AANR)
Section IV. Industry, Energy, and Emerging
Technology
Section V. Disaster Risk Reduction and
Climate Change Adaptation (DRR CCA)
 MAJOR DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS/GOVERNMENT POLICIES
FOR S & T IN THE NEW NORMAL
A new normal is a state to which an
economy, society, etc. settles following a
crisis, when this differs from the situation
that prevailed prior to the start of the crisis.
The term has been used following the
financial crisis of 2007-2008, the aftermath
of the 2008–2012 global recession, and the
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed life
as we know it. As the rate of infections
begins to slow down in some hard-hit areas,
early signs of recovery are appearing. Some
towns, cities and states are starting to
slowly reopen businesses, public areas and
more.
As long as the world has not found a cure or
a vaccine for Covid-19, we may have to
adjust to a “new normal”, meaning a new
way of living and going about our lives, work
and interactions with other people.
Many Filipinos believe that they have
adapted to the restrictions and routine of the
new normal. However, 94% express worry
that they can contract COVID-19 as found in
the recent Ipsos Southeast Asia Study
(Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) on
Living with COVID-19. The survey was
conducted prior to the end of the Enhanced
Community Quarantine (ECQ) in Metro
Manila over the period of 22nd to 26th May
2020 among 500 Filipinos.
Filipinos have also experienced a significant
impact on their household income due to
community quarantine measures. 38%
claimed that their income is down by more
than 50%, the highest among the six
countries surveyed.
With the fear still imminent, Filipinos think
that it will take them some time to revert to
their pre-COVID-19 routines. The majority
say that they can resume activities such as
going to restaurants, visiting family and
friends, and using public transportation
around August to December this year.
Recovery for travel, culture, and fitness
industries might be longer as Filipinos most
have expressed that they will neither go to
cultural events/gatherings nor go to the gym
for the remainder of the year. They are also
still on a wait-and-see for domestic and
international travel.
When asked what Filipinos plan to spend on
after movement restrictions, spending on
essentials will still continue: food for cooking
at home, cleaning products, and personal the vision of the Academy for our beloved
care items. Filipinos will, however, minimize nation.” This was part of the message given
expenditures compared before on by then President of NAST, Perla D. Santos
restaurants and cafes, travel, and cultural Ocampo, M.D. Pediatrician Santos Ocampo
activities than before. was conferred the prestigious rank, National
Scientist on June 23, 2010, through
Proclamation No. 2099.
PERSONALITIES IN S & T IN THE
PHILIPPINES

It’s about time that we recognize the

achievements of some of the prominent
personalities in Science and Technology in
the Philippines. There is no doubt about
their contributions having aided in the
improvement of the lives of the Filipino
people. Most of them are National
Scientists and their names are on the list of
National Scientists of the Philippines by the
Presidential Communications Operations
Office. National scientists are selected
based on the annual recommendation from
the National Academy of Science and
Technology (NAST), the highest recognition -
and advisory body on Science and
Technology.

Here’s a catchy theme of a previous NAST

Annual Scientific Meeting: “On Being and
Becoming: Where We Are and Where We
Want To Be.” Annual meetings such as this
one serve “to challenge more of our
scientists, policymakers, and citizens to
work together towards the progressive
Philippines anchored on science, which is
M2- Lesson 4: INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTION THAT DEFINES
SOCIETY
 There are three
The term "Intellectual
characteristic features
Revolution“
- is used to refer to Greek
of this form of
speculation about the speculation
"nature" in the period before
Socrates (roughly 600 to • the world is a natural
400 BCE). whole
- the alternative, technical • there is a natural order
terms are "pre Socratic" • humans can discover
or "non-theological" or those laws
"first philosophy"
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY
THALES ca. 585 BCE
- argued that the
primary substance was
'water' perhaps
observing that water
can be observed in
liquid, gas or solid form.
PYTHAGORAS

- perceived that the

ultimate reality
(arché) was not
something material,
but number.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY
 Science and technology in Asia is varied depending on the country and
time.
In the past, the Asian civilizations most notable for their contributions to
science and technology were India, China and the West Asian civilizations.
At present, probably the most notable country in Asia in terms of its
technological and scientific achievement is Japan, which is particularly known
for its electronics and automobile products. In recent years, China and India
have also once again become major contributors to science and technology.
Other countries are also notable in other scientific fields such as chemical
and physical achievements.
 Africa has the world's oldest record of human technological achievement: the
oldest stone tools in the world have been found in eastern Africa, and later evidence
for tool production by our hominin ancestors has been found across Sub-Saharan
Africa.The history of science and technology in Africa since then has, however,
received relatively little attention compared to other regions of the world, despite
notable African developments in mathematics, metallurgy, architecture, and other
fields.
Most of sub-Saharan Africa moved from the Stone Age to the Iron Age. The Iron
Age and Bronze Age occurred simultaneously. North Africa and the Nile Valley
imported its iron technology from the Near East and followed the Near Eastern
pattern of development from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age.
 To Learn More About Intellectual Revolution, Please Watch the
Video

CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019

27
 REFERENCES
https://www.slideshare.net/annaestardo/bspsts-pt2?qid=5ff8aae6-06f2-4d5d-b1da-
fc43f3f1b9c6&v=&b=&from_search=2
https://pages.uoregon.edu/klio/tx/gr/presoctx.htm
https://www.lonerganresource.com/pdf/articles/DunneHistory_of_Technology_and_the_Human_Cond
ition.pdf
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/04/how-technology-can-help-elevate-the-human-condition/
http://www.theimaginativeconservative.org/2015/05/three-perspectives-on-the-human-
person.htmlhttps://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?p=PICTURE+OF+HUMAN+NATURE&fr=y
hs-itm-001&hspart

THANK https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?p=technological+view+of+human+being&fr=yhs-
itm-001&hspart=itm&hsimp=yhs-001&imgurl
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/20/humans-machines-technology-digital-age

YOU! https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrwJTRUzeJblDsASpIGIYpQ;_ylu=X3oDMTBs
Z29xY3ZzBHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEc2xrA2J1dHRvbg
 M2 – Lesson 3:
The Different Filipino Inventions

CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019

1
GREAT Icon

FILIPINO
SCIENTISTS
Icon

AND INVENTORS

Icon

Icon
FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019
 He led the world's first national-scale assessment of damage to
coral reefs leading to international conservation initiatives such as
the replanting of corals. He also pioneered giant clam (Tridacna gigas)
breeding stationed in Bolinao and other protective areas for coastal
communities of the Philippines.

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019

 NS Juliano was known for his outstanding
contributions to the chemistry and technology of
rice and rice food products, which rationalizes
breeding strategies for rice grain quality all throughout
the world; his extensive and primary research works
on rice starch and its constituents..

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019

 Eduardo Quisumbing was a noted expert in the medicinal plants
of the Philippines. He was author of more than 129 scientific
articles. many on orchids. Eduardo Quisumbing served as the
Director of the National Museum of the Philippines, where he
rebuilt the Herbarium. The plant "saccolabium quisumbingii" is
named in honor of Eduardo Quisumbing.
His degrees include: BSA at University of the Philippines Los
Baños - 1918, MS at the University of the Philippines Los Baños -
1921, Ph. D. at University of Chicago (Plant Taxonomy,
Systematics and Morphology) - 1923

https://www.geni.com/people/Eduardo-A-Quisumbing-
Sr/6000000001227300227

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019

Dr. Gelia T. Castillo, the country’s distinguised rural sociologist, joined our
creator on August 5, 2017.

Dr. Castillo is recognized for her outstanding contributions to agricultural social

science resulting in a body of knowledge about Philippine rural society which has
enabled the Filipino to better understand the social conditions and dynamics of
agricultural and rural development.

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019
Carmen Velasquez has studies parasites and their hosts in the fish, or fish
parasitology. She discovered 32 species and one genus of digenetic
trematodes on fish populations. She also discovered two new
trematode species on birds and five on mammals.

https://www.google.com/search?q=carmen+velasquez&source=lmns&bih=631&biw=1

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019
FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019
FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019
FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019
 Jose Rodriguez invented methods of controlling leprosy
M.D. University of the Philippines, 1920
CPH Johns Hopkins University, 1932
MPH Johns Hopkins University, 1948
Year elected as Academician: 1979
Renowned Filipino leprologist and researcher, Dr. Rodriguez devoted
53 years to the control of leprosy in the country. As one of the very few
pioneers in the early fight against leprosy all over the world, he
proposed a control program which was not only adopted in the
Philippines but in other Asian countries as well.

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION 2019

 REFERENCES
https://www.thoughtco.com/top-characteristics-of-ancient-civilizations-170513
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=Awrxgq8hbd5b.1wAA.vfSQx.;_ylu=XN2poMw
BGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNwaXZz?
https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=tHreW9jNJNGroASo_6mABA&q=great+people+of+
medieval+period&oq=great+people+of+medieval+period
https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=VYPeW5jZJMbc8QXGxbb4Bw&q=characteristics+of
+modern+times+technology&oq=CHARACTERISTICS+OF+MODERN +TIMES
https://www.google.com/search?sa=X&biw=1242&bih=597&q=Michael+Faraday+scientists&stick
https://www.google.com/search?sa=X&biw=1242&bih=597&q=Louis+Pasteur+scientists&stick
https://www.google.com/search?ei=O4beW7ukGdDs8AWJqrL4Bw&q=mark+zuckerberg&oq=mark+
zu&gs_l=psy-ab.
https://www.slideshare.net/raqzraqueliamante/copy-of-presentation1-21428045
THANK https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrwJSJtl95bD1QAH2wGIYpQ;_ylu
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrwBpVol95b3BIA1WrfSQx
YOU! https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrxgvmrnN5bczgALcHfSQx.;_ylu
www.coursehero.com>file/pre-colonialperiod
En.wikipedia.org>wiki>science_and_technology
 REFERENCES
https://www.slideshare.net/annaestardo/bspsts-pt2?qid=5ff8aae6-06f2-4d5d-b1da-
fc43f3f1b9c6&v=&b=&from_search=2
https://pages.uoregon.edu/klio/tx/gr/presoctx.htm
https://www.lonerganresource.com/pdf/articles/DunneHistory_of_Technology_and_the_Human_Cond
ition.pdf
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/04/how-technology-can-help-elevate-the-human-condition/
http://www.theimaginativeconservative.org/2015/05/three-perspectives-on-the-human-
person.htmlhttps://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?p=PICTURE+OF+HUMAN+NATURE&fr=y
hs-itm-001&hspart

THANK https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?p=technological+view+of+human+being&fr=yhs-
itm-001&hspart=itm&hsimp=yhs-001&imgurl
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/20/humans-machines-technology-digital-age

YOU! https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrwJTRUzeJblDsASpIGIYpQ;_ylu=X3oDMTBs
Z29xY3ZzBHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEc2xrA2J1dHRvbg