Circulatory & Lymphatic systems

By dr. Zyad Tariq

 Quiz
name the heart valves in the pictures?
• The circulatory system is a closed network
composed of (heart, blood vessels, and
blood) that moves blood around the body.
The primary purposes of the circulatory
system are to deliver nutrients, immune
factors, and oxygen to tissues and to carry
away waste products for elimination. Blood
also carries hormones, which control body
processes, and antibodies, to fight invading
germs. The heart is the pump for this system
that keeps this system moving.
Organs that support circulatory system
• The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste
products and eliminating them in the urine.
• The liver also filters the blood and removes
damaged or defective red blood cells.
• The spleen filters and stores blood, removes
damaged red blood cells, and is a reservoir for
immune factors. All of these filtering structures
serve as sites for entrapment of microorganisms
and help maintain an environment free of
microorganisms in the blood.
• We must know that the circulatory system is
free of microorganisms ( sterile) .
• The blood became infected when there is an
outbreak to this system (needle insertion ,
presence of infected tissue)
 Lymphatic system
• The lymphatic system (lymph, lymph nodes and lymph
vessels) supports the circulatory system by draining
excess fluids and proteins from tissues back into the
bloodstream, thereby preventing tissue swelling.
• It also serves as a defense system for the body, filtering
out organisms that cause disease, producing white
blood cells, and generating antibodies.
• lymph from bone marrow, spleen, and thymus have
high concentrations of white blood cells for fighting
infection, while lymph from intestines is high in fat that
has been absorbed during digestion.
 Lymph vessels and lymph nodes
• The lymph vessels drain the lymph from the whole
body to the blood stream, just before entering the
heart.
• The lymph vessel contain a one way valves to
prevent backward movement of the lymph.
• lymph node acts as a “check point” filters, and
process the lymph before sent it back to the heart.
• The lymph node is activated by enlarging in size to
facilitate immune action when there is an infection
in area near this node for example (the tonsils are
enlarged in case of respiratory infection).
 Mechanisms of lymph movement
1. By gravity : the lymph in the head and neck
moves down by gravity, it occur also by elevating
upper or lower limbs.
2. by muscle contraction: when the muscles
contract, it presses on the lymph vessels and in
the presence of the one way valve, so the lymph
will moves in one way towered the center.
3. Heart negative pressure: when the heart drain
the blood from the superior and inferior vena
cava it well leave a negative pressure in these
veins and so drain the lymph by this negative
pressure.