DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4. (2022.07) - Ship Hull Welds

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RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION
Ships
Edition July 2022
Part 2 Materials and welding
Chapter 4 Fabrication and testing
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FOREWORD
DNV rules for classification contain procedural and technical requirements related to obtaining and
retaining a class certificate. The rules represent all requirements adopted by the Society as basis
for classification.
© DNV AS July 2022
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CHANGES – CURRENT
Part 2 Chapter 4 Changes - current
This document supersedes the July 2021 edition of DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4.
The numbering and/or title of items containing changes is highlighted in red.
Changes July 2022, entering into force 1 January 2023
Topic Reference Description
External references Sec.1 Table 2 Added or updated references to:

— ISO 4063:2009
— ISO 9017:2017
— ISO 10042:2018
— ISO 14175:2008.
Scope of non-destructive Sec.7 [5.1.3] Correction of NDT scope for container ships.

testing for container ships with
upper hull structure made of
'thick plates'
Test requirements for LFL fuel Sec.8 Table 2 Added test requirements for LFL fuel tanks designed for

3
tanks designed for fuel density fuel density less than 1.025 t/m .
3
less than 1.025 t/m
Test requirements for chemical Sec.8 Table 2 Added note 11 in order to include relevant tanks.

treatment fluid tanks and
residue tanks for emission
reduction systems
Test requirement for free Sec.8 Table 3 Added item 4.

standing tanks for hazardous
or corrosive treatment fluids
Editorial corrections
In addition to the above stated changes, editorial corrections may have been made.
Rules for classification: Ships — DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4. Edition July 2022 Page 3
Fabrication and testing
DNV AS
CONTENTS
Part 2 Chapter 4 Contents
Changes – current.................................................................................................. 3
Section 1 General.................................................................................................. 10
1 Introduction.......................................................................................10
1.1 Objective....................................................................................... 10
1.2 Scope............................................................................................ 10
1.3 Application..................................................................................... 10
1.4 Relation to other Society documents................................................. 12
2 References......................................................................................... 12
2.1 Other references.............................................................................12
2.2 Terminology and definitions..............................................................14
2.3 Abbreviations and symbols...............................................................16
3 Procedural requirements................................................................... 16
3.1 Required compliance documentation..................................................16
3.2 Documentation requirements............................................................18
3.3 Survey, inspection and testing requirements...................................... 20
Section 2 Requirements for builders..................................................................... 22
1 General.............................................................................................. 22
1.1 Scope............................................................................................ 22
2 Survey arrangement.......................................................................... 23
2.1 Quality management system............................................................ 23
3 Workmanship and supervision...........................................................23
3.1 General..........................................................................................23
Section 3 Qualification of welders........................................................................ 24
1 General.............................................................................................. 24
1.1 Scope............................................................................................ 24
1.5 Requirements for welding operators.................................................24
2 Qualification testing and certification process of welders................. 25
2.1 General........................................................................................ 25
2.2 Certification process...................................................................... 26
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Section 4 Welding consumables............................................................................ 27
1 General.............................................................................................. 27
1.1 Scope............................................................................................ 27
1.5 Basic groups and grades..................................................................27
Section 5 Welding procedures...............................................................................34

1 General.............................................................................................. 34
1.1 Scope............................................................................................ 34
1.5 Welding methods and additive manufacturing..................................... 35
1.6 Welding processes...........................................................................36
1.7 Joint types and wide gap welding..................................................... 36
2 Welding procedure specification........................................................ 38
2.1 General..........................................................................................38
2.2 Approval of welding procedure specification........................................39
3 Welding procedure qualification test assembly and sampling of
test pieces............................................................................................ 40
3.1 General..........................................................................................40
3.2 Butt welds in plates........................................................................ 40
3.3 Butt welds in pipes......................................................................... 47
3.4 Full penetration TKY joints for plates.................................................48
3.5 Branch connection...........................................................................50
3.6 Fillet welds.....................................................................................51
4 Non-destructive testing of test assemblies........................................57
4.1 Full penetration butt joints and T-, K-, and Y-joints.............................57
4.2 Fillet welds and partial penetration welds...........................................58
5 Acceptance criteria of mechanical testing......................................... 58
5.1 Transverse tensile test.....................................................................58
5.2 Bend test.......................................................................................58
5.3 Macrosection and hardness testing....................................................58
5.4 Impact testing................................................................................ 59
5.5 Cruciform joint tensile-shear strength................................................60
5.6 Welds between different material grades........................................... 60
5.7 Fracture mechanics test...................................................................61
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5.8 Retesting....................................................................................... 61
6 Validity of approved welding procedures...........................................62
6.1 General..........................................................................................62
6.2 Range of qualification...................................................................... 62
7 Additional requirements for welding procedure qualification test of
NV D/E47............................................................................................. 69
7.1 Test requirements........................................................................... 69
8 Additional requirements for welding procedure qualification test of
all COD grades......................................................................................69
8.1 General..........................................................................................69
8.2 Welds in plates...............................................................................69
8.3 Further limitations to the range of qualification...................................70
9 Additional requirements for welding procedure qualification test
for liquefied gas systems..................................................................... 70
9.1 General..........................................................................................70
9.2 Welds in plates and pipes................................................................ 70
9.3 Test requirements........................................................................... 71
9.4 Weld production test (WPT) requirements.......................................... 71
of ferritic-austenitic stainless steel (duplex)........................................ 72
10.1 Test requirements......................................................................... 72
10.2 Validity of a qualified welding procedure.......................................... 72
of austenitic steel................................................................................. 73
11.1 Welds in plates and pipes.............................................................. 73
11.2 Test requirements......................................................................... 73
11.3 Range of approval......................................................................... 73
12 Welding procedures qualification for aluminium.............................. 73
12.1 General........................................................................................ 73
12.2 Butt welds in plates...................................................................... 73
12.3 Butt welds in pipes....................................................................... 74
12.4 Branch connections....................................................................... 75
12.5 Fillet welds................................................................................... 75
12.6 Mechanical testing.........................................................................76
12.7 Range of qualification.................................................................... 77
12.8 Retesting......................................................................................79
13 Welding procedure qualification, copper alloys................................80
13.1 Pipes, plates, castings and other product forms, not including
propeller castings................................................................................. 80
13.2 Copper alloy castings for propellers................................................. 80
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14 Welding procedure qualification, repair welding of steel castings.... 83
14.1 General........................................................................................ 83
14.2 Welding procedure qualification test................................................ 84
14.3 Range of validity........................................................................... 85
Section 6 Fabrication and tolerances.................................................................... 87
1 General.............................................................................................. 87
1.1 Scope............................................................................................ 87
2 Material, identification and weldability.............................................. 88
2.1 General..........................................................................................88
3 Shop primers..................................................................................... 88
3.1 General..........................................................................................88
4 Welding environment.........................................................................88
4.1 General..........................................................................................88
5 Cutting, forming, assembly and welding............................................89
5.1 Cutting.......................................................................................... 89
5.2 Forming......................................................................................... 89
5.3 Assembly and welding..................................................................... 91
6 Heat treatment.................................................................................. 94
6.1 General..........................................................................................94
6.2 Post weld heat treatment............................................................... 94
7 Remedial............................................................................................ 95
7.1 General..........................................................................................95
7.2 Repair welding................................................................................95
7.3 Flame straightening.........................................................................95
8 Inspection, survey and tolerances..................................................... 95
8.1 General..........................................................................................95
8.2 Alignment and straightness.............................................................. 96
8.3 Weld production test requirements....................................................96
Section 7 Non destructive testing of welds...........................................................97
1 General.............................................................................................. 97
1.1 Scope............................................................................................ 97
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1.5 Basic requirements......................................................................... 99
2 Non-destructive testing procedures and reports..............................100
2.1 General........................................................................................ 100
2.2 Visual testing................................................................................101
2.3 Magnetic particle testing................................................................ 101
2.4 Radiographic testing...................................................................... 101
2.5 Ultrasonic testing.......................................................................... 101
2.6 Penetrant testing...........................................................................101
2.7 Advanced NDT............................................................................ 101
3 Personnel qualifications...................................................................101
3.1 General........................................................................................ 101
3.2 NDT operators.............................................................................. 102
3.3 NDT supervisors............................................................................102
4 NDT equipment................................................................................ 102
4.1 General........................................................................................ 102
5 Extent of non-destructive testing.................................................... 103
5.1 General........................................................................................ 103
6 Acceptance criteria for non-destructive testing............................... 105
6.1 General........................................................................................ 105
6.2 Non-conforming weldments............................................................ 107
Section 8 Structural and tightness testing.......................................................... 108
1 General............................................................................................ 108
1.1 Scope.......................................................................................... 108
1.2 Testing requirements..................................................................... 108
2 Procedures for testing tanks and tight boundaries - SOLAS ships.... 109
2.1 General........................................................................................ 109
2.2 Application................................................................................... 109
2.3 Test types and definitions.............................................................. 109
2.4 Test procedures............................................................................ 110
2.5 Test requirements for tanks and boundaries..................................... 113
3 Procedures for testing tanks and tight boundaries - Non-SOLAS
ships and SOLAS exemption/equivalent ships.................................... 118
3.1 General........................................................................................ 118
3.2 Application................................................................................... 118
Section 9 Ship construction file.......................................................................... 120

1 General............................................................................................ 120
1.1 Application................................................................................... 120
DNV AS
2 Ship construction file for all steel ships, except oil tankers and
bulk carriers subject to SOLAS Chapter II-1 Part A-1 Regulation
3-10.................................................................................................... 120
2.1 General........................................................................................ 120
2.2 Content of ship construction file......................................................120
3 Ship construction file for oil tankers and bulk carriers subject to
SOLAS Chapter II-1 Part A-1 Regulation 3-10.................................... 121
3.1 General........................................................................................ 121
3.2 Content of ship construction file......................................................121
3.3 Review of ship construction file.......................................................128
Changes – historic.............................................................................................. 129
DNV AS
SECTION 1 GENERAL
Part 2 Chapter 4 Section 1
1 Introduction
1.1 Objective
This chapter provides requirements for fabrication and testing of welded structures and components.
1.2 Scope
This chapter contains requirements for:
— builders, manufacturers and subcontractors
— qualification of welders
— welding consumables
— welding procedures
— fabrication and tolerances
— non-destructive testing of welds
— structural and tightness testing
— goal-based ship construction standards for bulk carriers and oil tankers.
1.3 Application
1.3.1 Fabrication shall be carried out by certified/qualified welders and qualified welding operators with
approved welding procedures and approved welding consumables.
1.3.2 Welding of important components shall be carried out by an approved welding workshop (WWA). This
is applicable to welding of components like, but not limited to:
— hull equipment, see Table 1
— machinery and systems, see Table 1.
1.3.3 Companies performing permanent underwater wet-welding, shall have a welding workshop approval
(WWA).
1.3.4 Welding workshop approval (WWA), as given in [1.3.2], is not required for:
— builders and their subcontractors for hull structure
— repairs or alterations to fleet in service (except permanent underwater wet-welding repairs)
— welding carried out by an approved manufacturer (AoM) qualified for welding.
Upon agreement with the Society, WWA may be waived for manufacturers and workshops subject to other
means of fabrication review by the Society where the scope of WWA is already sufficiently covered.
Table 1 Applicable items
Item References
Hull equipment and appendages
— Anchors Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.1
— Windlass and chain stoppers Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.1
DNV AS
Item References
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.1
— Container supporting fittings (e.g. raised ISO-foundations, flush/weld in foundations,
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.8
lashing eye plates, D-rings, guide fittings)
DNV-CP-0068
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.1
— Container securing structure (e.g. lashing bridge, cell guide, container stanchions)
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.8
— Erected landing platform for helicopters Pt.6 Ch.5 Sec.5
Openings and closing appliance
— Watertight doors and hatches Pt.3 Ch.12 Sec.3
— Cargo hatch covers and fittings Pt.3 Ch.12 Sec.4
— Side, stern and bow doors - ramps Pt.3 Ch.12 Sec.5
— Windows, side scuttles and skylights Pt.3 Ch.12 Sec.6
Lifting appliance
— Crane (safety related structure components like crane jibs, crane houses, crane columns,
foundations, hydraulic cylinders for lifting gear and luffing gear as well as for telescopic
DNV-ST-0377
crane booms, derrick heel bearing and rotary bearing, screws for slew rings, load-bearing
components of loose gear, axles, winch drums, winch frames, etc.)
— Crane (safe operation related components like hydraulic cylinders for slewing mechanisms,
DNV-ST-0377
fittings, lateral wind bracings, rope-sheaves, hoisting eyes)
— Special lifting appliances DNV-ST-0377
— Accessories, such as: hooks, blocks, shackles, swivels, rings, chains, claws, clamps, pliers,
DNV-ST-0377
load fastening ropes (slings/strops), lifting straps, etc.
— Launching appliances LSA Code
— Accommodation ladder and gangway MSC.1/Circ.1331
Rotating machinery
— Combustion engine, bed plate, thrust bearing Pt.4 Ch.3 Sec.1
— Combustion engine, frame box Pt.4 Ch.3 Sec.1
— Combustion engine, cylinder block Pt.4 Ch.3 Sec.1
— Combustion engine, cylinder head, exhaust valve Pt.4 Ch.3 Sec.1
— Combustion engine, crankshaft counter weights Pt.4 Ch.3 Sec.1
— Rotating parts and casing of turbochargers and turbines Pt.4 Ch.3 Sec.1
— Shafts for propulsion including shaft for electric propulsion motor Pt.4 Ch.4 Sec.1
— Gears and other power transmitting parts Pt.4 Ch.4 Sec.2
— Waterjet Pt.4 Ch.5 Sec.2
DNV AS
Item References
— Podded and geared thrusters Pt.4 Ch.5 Sec.3
Piping system
— Class I and class II piping systems Pt.4 Ch.6 Sec.10
— Piping for chemical cargo system Pt.5 Ch.6 Sec.1
— Piping for gas cargo system Pt.5 Ch.7 Sec.1
Steering gear
— Tiller Pt.4 Ch.10 Sec.2
— Welded parts of rudder actuator, power piping valves, flanges and fittings and all steering
Pt.4 Ch.10 Sec.2
gear components transmitting mechanical forces to the rudder stock
1.4 Relation to other Society documents
Where specific or additional requirements are provided in other parts of the rules, the specific or additional
requirements are prevailing.
2 References
2.1 Other references
2.1.1 The external references given in Table 2 are referred in this chapter.
Unless otherwise agreed or stated in Table 2, the latest version of the referred standards valid at the date of
release for the current rules is applicable.
Table 2 Other references
Reference Title
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
ANSI/AWS D1.1 Structural welding code - steel
ASME BPVC IX Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications
ASME BPVC V Boiler and Presure Vesel Code, Section V: Nondestructive Examination
ASTM E165 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
ASTM E562 Standard test method for determining volume fraction by systematic manual point count
ASTM G48 Standard test methods for pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of stainless steels and
related alloys by use of ferric chloride solution
EN 1011-1 Welding – Recommendations for welding of metallic materials – General guidance for arc
welding
EN ISO 6520-1 Welding and allied processes – Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials –
Part 1: Fusion welding
DNV AS
Reference Title
EN ISO 9712:2012 Non-destructive testing – Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (or later revision)
IACS Rec. No.47 Shipbuilding and repair quality standard
IACS Rec. No.140 Recommendation for safe precautions during survey and testing of pressurized systems
IACS UR S14 Testing procedures of watertight compartments
IACS UR W7 Hull and machinery steel forgings
IACS UR W8 Hull and machinery steel castings
IACS UR W11 Normal and higher strength hull structural steels
IACS UR W17 Approval of consumables for welding normal and higher strength hull structural steels
IACS UR W32 Qualification scheme for welders of hull structural steels
IACS UR Z23 Hull survey for new construction
ISO 2553 Welding and allied processes – Symbolic representation on drawings – Welded joints
ISO 3452:2013 Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing (or later revision)
ISO 3834-2 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials – Part 2: Comprehensive quality
requirements
ISO 4063:2009 Welding and allied processes – Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
ISO 5817 Welding – Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) – Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 6507-1 Metallic materials – Vickers hardness test – Part 1: Test method
ISO 9001 Quality management systems – Requirements
ISO 9015-1 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials – Part 1: Hardness test on arc welded joints
ISO 9017:2017 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Fracture test
ISO 9606 Qualification testing of welders - Fusion welding
ISO 10042:2018 Welding – Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys – Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 10675:2016 Non-destructive testing of welds – Acceptance levels for radiographic testing (or later revision)
ISO 11666:2018 Non-destructive testing of welds – Ultrasonic testing – Acceptance levels (or later revision)
ISO 14175:2008 Welding consumables – Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes
ISO 14731 Welding coordination – Tasks and responsibilities
ISO 14732 Welding personnel – Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized
and automatic welding of metallic materials
ISO 15614-5 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials –
Welding procedure test - Part 5: Arc welding of titanium, zirconium and their alloys
ISO 15614-6 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials –
Welding procedure test – Part 6: Arc and gas welding of copper and its alloys
ISO 15614-7 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials – Welding procedure
test - Part 7: Overlay welding
DNV AS
Reference Title
ISO 15626:2018 Non-destructive testing of welds - Time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD) - Acceptance
levels (or later revision)
ISO 17635 Non-destructive testing of welds – General rules for metallic materials
ISO 19285:2017 Non-destructive testing of welds - Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) - Acceptance levels
(or later revision)
ISO 17662 Welding – Calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for welding, including
ancillary activities
ISO 23277:2015 Non-destructive testing of welds – Penetrant testing of welds - Acceptance levels (or later
revision)
ISO 23278 Non-destructive testing of welds – Magnetic particle testing of welds – Acceptance levels
ISO 25239 Friction stir welding - Aluminium
ISO/IEC 17020 Conformity assessment - Requirements for the operation of various types of bodies performing
inspection
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
LSA-Code International Life-Saving Appliances Code (LSA), IMO Resolution MSC.320(89)
MSC.1/Circ.1331 Guidelines for the construction, installation, maintenance and inspection/survey of means of
embarkation and disembarkation
SOLAS I-A/3 Ch. I: General Provisions – Part A: Applications, definitions, etc. – Regulation 3: Exceptions
SOLAS II-1 Ch. II-1: Construction - Structure, subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical
installations
2.2 Terminology and definitions
General terminology and definitions are given in Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.1 [1.2]. Further definitions are given in Table
3.
Table 3 Definitions
Term Definition
automatic welding All operations are mechanized and fully mechanized welding, except for the handling of
the work piece.
essential variables/ Welding parameters essential for the range of validity of a welding procedure, see Sec.5
parameters [6.2].
DNV AS
Term Definition
heat input Energy introduced into the weld region during welding. Heat input is calculated as
follows:
In case the heat input is corrected for thermal efficiency in accordance with EN 1011-1,
the thermal efficiency coefficient shall be stated.
For multi-wire welding, the heat input is calculated as the sum of the heat inputs
calculated separately for each wire. This do not apply if the interpass temperature
between each wire is 250°C or lower.
For the waveform controlled welding power supply, the heat input calculation equations
given in ASME Sec.IX QW-409.1 may be used.
inspection An activity carried out by the builder or subcontractor to verify compliance with the
applicable rules and specifications.
inspection body An impartial body having the organisation, staffing, competence and integrity to perform
to specified criteria functions such as assessing, recommending for acceptance and
subsequent audit of manufacturers´ quality control operations, and selection and
evaluation of products on site or in factories or elsewhere as directed, to specified
criteria.
manual welding Welding where the electrode holder, welding hand gun, torch or blowpipe is manipulated
by hand.
NDT supplier Entity, individual, partnership, company, company sub division, corporation, association,
or other service provider providing NDT services.
failure rate, NDT
Where 'defect length' is the sum of the maximum length of each defect in the tested
part of the welds. 'Tested part of weld' means the part of the weld that is tested with
the same NDT method. For transverse cracks it is the crack length in the transverse
direction. For a group of transverse cracks with distance less than 50 mm, the length is
measured between first and last crack.
newbuilding survey Agreement between the builder and the Society defining responsibility and authority of
arrangement personnel and items to be controlled with acceptance criteria, quality control functions.
The activities through this agreement are complementary to the Society’s own survey
scheme.
probability of detection Indicates the probability that a testing technique will detect a given flaw.
semi-automatic welding Manual welding where the wire feed is mechanized.
quality management system System worked out in accordance with a reputable quality standard, such as ISO 9001
or equivalent. The quality management system may be required to be certified by an
accredited certification body.
supervisor Responsible person who provides specific knowledge / expertise and who coordinates,
monitors and regulates employees and their performance of assigned or delegated tasks,
e.g. for welding and NDT.
subcontractor Independent unit performing work under supervision by the builder.
DNV AS
Term Definition
welding, brazing, spraying The term 'welding', used in these rules also cover all other special thermal and/or
mechanized joining processes such as brazing, spraying, etc. which require also pre-
qualification for the personnel like brazer/sprayer tests or the procedures like brazing/
spraying procedures. These rules shall be applied in an analogous manner to these
special processes. Where no special provisions are made in these rules, the nature and
scope of the pre-qualification tests and quality assurance measures required will be
specified by the Society on a case-by-case basis.
welding Joining process in which two or more parts are united producing a continuity in the
nature of the workpiece material(s) by means of heat or pressure or both, and with or
without the use of filler material.
wet-welding Welding at ambient pressure with the welder/diver in the water and with no mechanical
barrier around the arc.
2.3 Abbreviations and symbols
Abbreviations and symbols are given in Ch.1 Sec.1.
3 Procedural requirements
3.1 Required compliance documentation
3.1.1 Organisations and personnel
General certification requirements are given in Ch.1 Sec.1 [3.1]. In addition, organisations and personnel
shall be certified as required by Table 4.
DNV AS
Table 4 Compliance documents for organisations and personnel
Certificate Certification
Object Issued by 1) Additional description
type standard
The welding workshop shall be approved
for important components e.g. for welding
of hull equipment, machinery and systems,
permanent underwater wet-welding
(including permanent repairs or alterations
to fleet in service with underwater wet-
welding).
1)
Welding workshops WWA Society WWA certificate is not required for:
— builders and their subcontractors for
hull structure
— repairs or alterations to fleet in service
— welding carried out by an approved
manufacturer (AoM) qualified for
welding.
Welders shall be:
— certified/qualified according to Sec.3
— revalidated according to Sec.3
In case certification is performed by
other IACS members or independent
organisations, e.g. accredited or nationally
approved certification bodies, recognition
of such certification will be evaluated on a
case-by-case basis. However, the Society
Welders
reserves the right to require verification
Welders certificate/ Society See Sec.3
of welders' qualifications when deemed
qualification
necessary. Such verification may include
testing prior to production, additional NDT
and/or welding production tests.
Guidance note:
An independent organisation may be
an accredited or nationally approved
certification body.
---e-n-d---o-f---g-u-i-
d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Welders If the tack weld is not removed prior
Tack welders certificate/ Society See Sec.3 to production welding, see certification
qualification requirements for welders.
Welding operators shall be qualified but,
Welding operators - - See Sec.3
not necessarily certified.
Level 3 (supervisors)/level 2 (operators)
shall be certified according to a scheme
NDT supervisors /
- - See Sec.7 recognized by the Society, see Sec.7 [3],
operators
level 3 personnel shall be certified by an
accredited certification body.
1) Unless otherwise specified the certification standard is the rules.
DNV AS
3.1.2 Materials
Welding related materials shall be certified as required by Table 5.
Table 5 Certification requirements for welding related materials
Compliance
Compliance
Object document Issued by 1) Additional description
standard
type
Welding consumables shall be type
approved by the Society. See DNV-
CP-0069.
If the welding consumable is not type
approved, a welding production test (WPT)
or a welding procedure qualification test
(WPQT) with one extra all-weld-metal
Welding consumables TA Society See Sec.4 tensile test (round specimen from the
weld metal) is required from each batch
of consumables, for a project specific
approval of the consumable in question.
Further additional tests required for the
type approval of the welding consumable
as given in DNV-CP-0069 may be required
e.g. hydrogen testing or fillet weld tests or
additional welding position like overhead.
Base materials for weld Society or
MC See Ch.1 and Ch.2 Base materials applied for WPQT.
tests manufacturer
1)
Shop primers TA Society See DNV-CP-0109.
1) Unless otherwise specified the compliance standard is the rules.
3.2 Documentation requirements
3.2.1 Documentation shall be submitted or available as required by Table 6 and Table 7.
Table 6 Documentation requirements – vessel
1)
Object Documentation type Additional description Info
H130 - Fabrication specification For builders unknown to the Society. FI, L, R
M150 - Non-destructive testing (NDT)
AP, L
Structural fabrication plan
M151 - Non-destructive testing (NDT) Applicable for vessel specific NDT
AP
procedure procedure not already approved.
H041 - Structural inspection plan FI, L, R
H132 - Tank testing plan AP, L
Ship hull structure H133 - Erection and inspection plan FI, L
H134 - Hole and penetration plan FI, L, R
H140 - Welding tables FI, L, R
DNV AS
1)
Object Documentation type Additional description Info
H200 - Ship structure access manual FI, L, R
Structural materials M010 - Material specification, metals FI, L, R
Applicable for vessel specific WPS not
M060 - Welding procedures (WPS) AP, L
already approved.
AP, L -
when
witnessed
by the
Applicable for vessel specific WPQR not Society
Welding already approved. During qualification FI, L -
M061 - Welding procedure qualification test welding, all welding parameters when
record (WPQR) shall be recorded and the WPQR shall witnessed
give the base and filler materials applied and
in the WPQT, see Sec.5 [2.1.6]. approved
by a party
recognized
by the
Society
1) FI = for information, AP = for approval, L = by local station, R = on request. For full definition of abbreviations, see
DNV-CG-0550 Sec.6.
Table 7 Qualification documentation for builder
Item Documentation type Additional description
Hull survey for new Records — The builder shall maintain the records acc. to IACS

construction acc. to IACS UR Z23.
UR Z23 — The records shall be presented to the surveyor.
Quality manual Q010 To be submitted for information.
Document control Q020 To be submitted for information.

procedure
Welding operators Records of proficiency Evidence that the operators are receiving adequate

regularly training in setting, programming and
operating of the equipment (in accordance with an
applicable WPS).
Welders' list Card index or register Of all for the project relevant certified/qualified

welders including information e.g. about welder
approval range, date of initial test, validity, re-test/
prolongation, certification body.
Welding consumables Welding consumables list List of all project relevant welding consumables and

auxiliaries, e.g. wire-gas combination and wire-flux
combinations, the DNV type approved grade and the
base materials for which the consumable shall be
applied.
DNV AS
Procedure for storage and handling The consumable manufacturer’s recommendations
shall be observed and procedures giving details
regarding conditions in storage rooms, temperature
in storage ovens and quivers, length of exposure and
conditions, as applicable shall be made available.
Welding procedures M060 To be submitted for approval.
Preheating Preheating procedure See Sec.6 [5.3.8].
Forming and straightening Forming and straightening Forming and straightening of materials shall be

procedure performed according to procedures which outline the
succession of the controlled steps.
Cold forming Document of manufacturer See Sec.6 [5.2].

recommendation for cold forming
or
Procedure for qualification of cold
forming
NDT procedure M151 To be submitted for approval.

The procedures shall be in accordance with DNV-
CG-0051.
Other recognised standards may be accepted based on
case-by-case approval.
3.2.2 For general requirements for documentation including definitions, see DNV-CG-0550.
3.3 Survey, inspection and testing requirements
3.3.1 General survey, inspection and testing requirements are given in Ch.1 Sec.1 [3.3] and in Table 8.
Specific requirements are given in the following sections as relevant.
Table 8 Survey and testing requirements
Survey, inspection and testing item Description
The chemical composition shall be analysed as specified in Ch.1
Chemical composition
Sec.2 [3.3] and meet the requirements given herein.
— the welding workshop shall apply for the welding shop
approval and provide an application together with the welding
workshop description, as described in the relevant approval
Welding workshop approval programme
— the surveyor shall be given the opportunity to audit the
workshop and survey all relevant processes and tests prior to
start of fabrication.
Mechanical properties including impact toughness, Mechanical properties shall be determined as specified in Ch.1
fracture mechanics, crack arrest properties, etc. and meet the requirements given herein.
DNV AS
— non-destructive tests shall be performed under the builder’s/
manufacturer’s responsibility
— non-destructive testing shall be performed as specified in
Sec.7 and meet the requirements given therein
— the NDT supplier providing a professional service has
implemented written procedures for training, experience,
education, examination, certification, performance,
application, control, verification and reporting of NDT. The
surveyor shall be furnished with proof thereof if he/she so
requests
Non-destructive testing
— the testing operators shall be certified in accordance with ISO
9712:2012 (or later version), ASNT ACCP or equal, as well
as adequately qualified for this task. The surveyor shall be
furnished with proof thereof if he/she so requests
— when required, the surveyor shall be given the possibility to
be present during non-destructive tests, See DNV-CG-0051
— the Society shall be provided with access to all relevant parts
of the works, and are to be provided with necessary facilities
and information to verify that NDT has been carried out in
accordance with approved procedures.
— the appropriate type approval tests shall be carried out
before the welding consumables are dispatched from the
manufacturer
— if the necessary facilities are not available at the
manufacturer's works, the testing shall be carried out at a
recognized testing laboratory
Testing of welding consumables — where the Society's certification is required, all the testing
(except for chemical composition analysis) shall be witnessed
by the surveyor, unless otherwise agreed
— the surveyor may require further tests when deemed
necessary
— all tests shall be carried out by competent personnel on
machines of accepted type. See DNV-CP-0069.
Where the Society's certification is required, all testing shall be
Testing of shop primer witnessed by the surveyor, unless otherwise agreed. See DNV-
CP-0109.
Welding and testing of weld assemblies for welder certification by
the Society shall be performed in the presence of the Society’s
Welder tests representative. Upon successful completion, and on client’s
request, the Society will certify that the welder has passed the
approval testing.
The welding procedure tests shall be arranged according to
the requirements stated in Sec.5. Welding and testing of weld
Welding procedure tests
assemblies for welding procedure qualification shall be performed
in the presence of the Society’s representative.
DNV AS
SECTION 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDERS
1 General
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This section specifies general requirements for builders, involved in building activities of structures
and components intended for classification by the Society. This section shall also apply to subcontractors of
builders, when performing fabrication under the Society’s scope of classification.
1.1.2 All builders and subcontractors shall comply with the criteria given in Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.2 [1.2.1] and IACS
UR Z23 Hull Survey for New Construction and provide the documentation stated.
Guidance note:
The specific requirements for NDT suppliers are not applicable for manufacturers holding approval of manufacturer certificate
(AoM) or welding workshop certificate (WWA) for the building activities covered by the AoM or WWA certificate. For NDT suppliers
holding approval of service supplier (AoSS) certificate by the Society according to DNV-CP-0484 App.B[4], compliance with the
specific requirements for NDT suppliers is already considered confirmed.
---e-n-d---o-f---g-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
1.2.1 General documentation requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.2]. Specific documentation requirements
for NDT suppliers are given in Sec.7 [1.2].
1.2.2 Subcontractors shall meet the same requirements placed on the NDT suppliers for the NDT performed.
See also requirements to the NDT supplier’s quality management system in Sec.7 Table 1.
1.3.1 Survey, inspection and testing requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.3]. Additional specific requirements
are given in Table 1, as further detailed in this section.
Table 1 Additional survey and testing requirements
Hull survey for new construction in accordance with Survey and testing requirements are covered by the Society's
IACS UR Z23 rules, IACS UR Z23 and Sec.9.
DNV AS
2 Survey arrangement
2.1 Quality management system
Builders of hull structures shall possess a documented and implemented quality management system. If
not, the Society will consider an extended survey scheme. The extent of the quality management system
shall be dependent on the size and type of the organization, complexity and interaction of the processes and
personnel competence.
3 Workmanship and supervision
3.1 General
3.1.1 Builders and subcontractors shall ensure that the work is executed in accordance with fabrication
procedures and work instructions, inspection and test plans.
3.1.2 Builders shall ensure that the work is effectively and systematically controlled at all stages.
Builders and subcontractors shall prove and document their abilities to carry out the welding operations in
question. Further:
— builders and subcontractors shall inspect welding operations by the use of necessary equipment in order
to assure compliance with the welding procedures
— builders shall present the results of own and subcontractors inspections before surveys by the Society
— important welding operations shall be carried out under daily supervision of a nominated qualified and
experienced welding supervisor/inspector. The work of each welder shall be regularly examined.
3.1.3 Builders shall be in control of work performed at the location of subcontractors and of subcontractors
performing work at the builders.
DNV AS
SECTION 3 QUALIFICATION OF WELDERS
1 General
1.1 Scope
These requirements apply to the Society’s acceptance of welders and welding operators for fusion welding of
steel and non-ferrous metals.
Compliance documentation requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.1]. Additional requirements are given in
[2.1.1], [2.1.4] and [2.2].
Documentation requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.2].
General survey, inspection and testing requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.3]. Additional specific requirements
Welders' list The surveyor shall be allowed to examine the register at any time.
1.5 Requirements for welding operators
1.5.1 The welding operator responsible for setting up and/or adjustment of fully mechanized and automatic
equipment, such as submerged arc welding, gravity welding, electro-gas welding and metal active gas
welding with auto-carriage, etc., shall be qualified whether he operates the equipment or not. For this,
records of proficiency, which give evidence that he is receiving adequate regularly training in setting,
programming and operation functions of the equipment (in accordance with applicable WPS's) are required.
1.5.2 For a welding operator who solely operates the equipment without responsibility for setting up or
adjusting it, the builder shall ensure that he has adequate experience and that he produces welds of required
quality. For this, records of proficiency, which gives evidence that he is receiving regularly adequate training
in operation functions of the equipment (in accordance with applicable WPS's) are required.
1.5.3 In addition to the requirements of [1.5.1] and [1.5.2], the training of welding operators shall include
training in evaluation of:
— grove dimensions according to WPS
— grove cleanliness requirements
— weather and wind requirements
— handling of welding consumables.
Appropriate records of training shall be maintained.
DNV AS
Guidance note:
Alternatively to training records, welding operators certificates according to a recognized standard may be accepted, e.g. ISO
14732, ASME BPVC IX or ANSI/AWS D1.1.
2 Qualification testing and certification process of welders
2.1 General
2.1.1 Welders shall be certified/qualified by the Society or by a recognised third party (see [2.2.2]), to a
standard recognised by the Society, e.g. ISO 9606, ASME BPVC IX, ANSI/AWS D1.1.
Guidance note:
IACS UR W32 is a recognised qualification scheme for welders of hull structural steels.
2.1.2 Recognition of other standards is subject to acceptance by the Society.
2.1.3 The training of welders, control of their qualification and maintenance of their skills are the
responsibility of the builders and subcontractors. When requested, this shall be documented and
demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Society.
2.1.4 Builders and subcontractors shall keep a register of all certified/qualified welders. The register shall
give information on welders training, and date and results of qualification tests. Information about the base
metal, type of welding consumable, welding process, type of welded joint, material thickness and welding
position shall be stated in the event of re-qualification tests.
2.1.5 A welder's certificate/qualification shall be validated every 6 months and in accordance with the
certification standard. Records thereof are required.
2.1.6 The surveyor shall be allowed to examine the register at any time and the records/evidence shall be
provided according to the relevant standards.
2.1.7 Revalidation of welders certificates for welders engaged in welding of hull structures
The following requirement apply for welders engaged in welding of hull structures in addition to the
revalidation requirements given by the relevant certification standard:
The welders certificates/qualifications shall be revalidated by the Society or a party recognised by the Society
according to one of the following alternatives:
1) The welder is re-tested every 3 years.
2) Every 2 years, two welds made during the last 6 months of the 2 years validity period shall be tested
by radiographic or ultrasonic testing or destructive testing and shall be recorded. The weld tested
shall reproduce the initial test conditions except for the thickness. These tests revalidate the welder's
qualifications for an additional 2 years.
DNV AS
3) A welder’s qualification is considered valid as long as it is signed according to [2.1.5] and provided all the
following conditions are fulfilled.

In this option, the Society shall be provided with the necessary proof and documentation to enable
verification that all the conditions are fulfilled, see (iii). The frequency of verification shall be agreed
between the Society and builder, but shall be no longer than 3 years.
i) Employment: the welder is working for the same builder which is responsible for production weld
quality as indicated on his or her qualification certificate.
ii) Quality management system: welder quality management system of the builder includes as
minimum:
— a designated person responsible for the coordination of the welder quality management system
— list of welders and welding supervisors in shipyard/manufacturer
— if applicable, list of subcontracted welders
— qualification certificate of welders and description of the associated management system
— training requirements for welder qualification programme
— identification system for welders and WPS used on welds
— procedure describing the system in place to monitor each welder performance based on results
of welds examination records (e.g. repair rate, etc.) including the criteria permitting the
maintenance of the welder qualification without retesting.
iii) Proof of compliance: the builder shall document at least once a year, that the welder has produced
acceptable welds in accordance with the requirements of applicable construction quality standards,
rules and regulations in the welding positions, type of welds and backing conditions covered by its
certificate. Which documents are required and how to document the evidences shall be in agreement
between the Society and the builder.
2.2 Certification process
2.2.1 Welding and testing of weld assemblies for welder certification by the Society shall be performed in the
presence of the Society's representative. Upon successful completion, and on client's request, the Society will
certify that the welder has passed the approval test.
2.2.2 Where certification is performed by another recognized classification Society or independent
organisations, recognition of such certification will be evaluated on a case by case basis. The Society reserves
the right to require verification of welders qualifications when deemed necessary. Such verification may
include testing prior to production, extra NDT and/or welding production tests (WPT).
Guidance note:
An independent organisation may be an accredited or nationally approved certification body.
DNV AS
SECTION 4 WELDING CONSUMABLES
1 General
1.1 Scope
This section specifies basic groups and grades for type approved welding consumables, application of the
various grades, and grouping of the shielding gases.
Required compliance documentation are given in Sec.1 [3.1].
General survey, inspection and testing requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.3].
1.5 Basic groups and grades
1.5.1 Welding consumables are divided into groups, depending on the strength of the filler metal,
corresponding to the strength of the steel grade to be welded. The applicable groups are:
— normal strength steels
— high strength steels
— extra high strength steels
— boiler and pressure vessel steels
— steels for low temperature service
— stainless steels
— aluminium alloys.
The groups are further divided into grades depending on the impact test temperature and the chemical
composition of the filler metal. The grades of welding consumables are specified in Table 1.
DNV AS
Table 1 Correlation of welding consumables to hull structural steels
Normal Austenitic
High strength steels Extra high strength steels
strength steels stainless steels
3/4/5 Y42
III/IV/V Y42
3/4/5 Y46
2 Y
III/IV/V Y46 308/308Mo/308L
3 Y
309/309L/309Nb/
4 Y 3/4/5 Y50
1 309Mo/309MoL
5 Y III/IV/V Y50
2 310/310Nb/310Mo
2/3/4/5 Y40 3/4/5 Y55
3 312
Grade of welding III/IV/V Y55
I Y 316/316L
consumables
I 3/4/5 Y62 317/317L
II Y
II III/IV/V Y62 318
III Y
III 330
IV Y 3/4/5 Y69
V Y III/IV/V/ Y69 347
3/4 Y89 349
II/III/IV/V Y40
III/IV Y89
3/4 Y96
III/IV Y96
1) grades 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are referring to covered electrodes; grades I, II, III, IV and V are referring to other
consumables
2) increasing number means increasing impact toughness test requirements (test temperature grade 1/I: 20ºC, grade
5/V: -60ºC)
3) Y means high strength steels
4) Y followed by a number means extra high strength steels of corresponding strength (×10).
1.5.2 Type approved welding consumables for austenitic stainless steels and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) steels
shall be selected in accordance with manufacturers recommendations for the applicable grade of steel, taking
the corrosion resistance, strength requirements and the welding metallurgy (including resistance to hot
cracking) into account.
1.5.3 Welding consumables which have satisfied the requirements for a higher toughness grade are
considered to comply with the requirements for a lower toughness grade of the same group.
1.5.4 Recommendations for welding consumables for the repair of copper alloys are given in Sec.5 Table 20.
1.5.5 Welding consumables for other non-ferritic materials shall be selected in accordance with
manufacturer's recommendations for the applicable materials, taking the corrosion resistance, strength
requirements and the welding metallurgy (including resistance to hot cracking) into account.
1.5.6 The following tables (Table 2 to Table 7) show which welding consumables that can be applied for
various steel grades.
For steel grades with minimum specified yield stress 890 and 960 MPa the welding consumables shall, unless
otherwise agreed, give weld deposit with strength and impact toughness properties not below that of the
material to be welded. The consumables shall have hydrogen mark H5 or better (e.g. H2.5).
When two different steel grades shall be joined, the welding consumable shall have yield strength not below
that of the lower strength steel.
DNV AS
Guidance note:
When welding high strength steels of grade E, it is recommended that the applied welding consumables have been tested at –40°C
(grade 4 or IV).
1.5.7 Where applicable, the composition of the shielding gas shall be reported.
The approval of a wire/gas combination with any particular gas can be applied to or transferred to, any
combination of the same wire and any gas in the same numbered group as defined in Table 8.
Table 2 Correlation of welding consumables (covered electrodes) to hull structural steels
Hull structural Grade of welding consumables
steel grade 1 (DP) 2 2 Y
1)
2 Y40
1)
3 3 Y
1)
3 Y40
1)
4 Y
1)
5 Y
1)
4 Y40
1)
5 Y40
1)
2) 2) 2) 2)
NV A X X X X X X X X X X X
2) 2) 2) 2)
NV B X X X X X X X X X X
2) 2) 2) 2)
NV D X X X X X X X X X X
2) 2) 2)
NV E X X X X X X X
NV A27S X X X X X X X X
NV D27S X X X X X X X X
NV E27S X X X X X X
NV A32/36 X X X X X X X X
3) 3)
NV D32/36 X X X X X X X X
3) 3)
NV E32/36 X X X X X X
3) 3)
NV F32/36 X X X X
NV A40 X X X X
3)
NV D40 X X X X
3)
NV E40 X X X
3)
NV F40 X X
1) to have hydrogen mark H15, H10 or H5
2) the welding consumables approved as Y40 may be used for welding of normal strength steel subject to special
agreement with the Society
3) for plates with thickness over 50 mm, welding consumables with at least one toughness grade higher shall be used
(e.g. for NV E36: 4Y instead of 3Y).
Table 3 Correlation of welding consumables (other than covered electrodes) to hull structural
steels
Hull structural Grade of welding consumables
steel grade 1 I Y II II Y II Y40 III III Y III Y40 IV Y V Y IV Y40 V Y40
1) 1) 1) 1)
NV A X X X X X X X X X X X X
1) 1) 1) 1)
NV B X X X X X X X X X X
DNV AS
1) 1) 1) 1)
NV D X X X X X X X X X X
1) 1) 1)
NV E X X X X X X X
NV A27S X X X X X X X X X
NV D27S X X X X X X X X
NV E27S X X X X X X
X
NV A32/36 2) X X X X X X X X
2) 2)
NV D32/36 X X X X X X X X
2) 2)
NV E32/36 X X X X X X
2) 2)
NV F32/36 X X X X
NV A40 X X X X
2)
NV D40 X X X X
2)
NV E40 X X X
2)
NV F40 X X
1) the welding consumables approved as Y40 may be used for welding of normal strength steel subject to special
agreement with the Society
2) for plates with thickness over 50 mm, welding consumables with at least one toughness grade higher shall be used
(e.g. for NV E36: IV Y instead of III Y).
Table 4 Correlation of welding consumables (covered electrodes) to boilers and pressure vessel
steels and steels for low temperature service
Grade of welding consumables
For welding
1)
of steel grade 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 5Y
1(DP) 2 2Y 2Y 40 3 3Y 3Y40 4Y 4Y40 5 1)
5Y40
NV 360-0N X X X X X X X X X X X
NV 360-1FN X X X X X X X X X X
NV 360-2FN X X X X X X X X
NV 410-0N X X X X X X X
NV 410-1FN X X X X X X X
NV 510-1FN X X X X
NV 2-2 X X X X X X X
NV 2-3 X X X X
DNV AS
NV 2-4 (L) X X
NV 4-2 X X X X X
NV 4-3 X X X
NV 4-4 (L) X
1) shall have hydrogen mark H15, H10 or H5.
Table 5 Correlation of welding consumables (other than covered electrodes) to boilers and
pressure vessel steels and steels for low temperature service
Grade of welding consumables
For welding
of steel grade V Y,
1 I Y II II Y II Y40 III III Y III Y40 IV Y IV Y40
V Y40
NV 360-0N X X X X X X X X X X X
NV 360-1FN X X X X X X X X X
NV 410-0N X X X X X X X X
NV 510-1FN X X X X
NV 2-2 X X X X X X
NV 2-3 X X X
NV 2-4 (L) X
NV 4-2 X X X X X
NV 4-3 X X X
NV 4-4 (L) X
Table 6 Correlation of welding consumables to hull structural steels
For welding Grade of welding consumable
of steel grade Y42H10
1)3)
Y46H10
1)
Y50H10
1)
Y55H5 Y62H5 Y69H5
NV D420 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V

NV E420 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V
NV F420 5/V 5/V 5/V
DNV AS
NV D460 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V
NV E460 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V
NV F460 5/V 5/V
2)
NV D47
t ≤ 70 mm 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V
t > 70 mm 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V

2)
NV E47
t ≤ 70 mm 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V
t > 70 mm 5/V 5/V

NV E500 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V
NV F500 5/V 5/V

NV E550 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V
NV F550 5/V 5/V

NV E620 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V
NV F620 5/V 5/V
NV D690 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V
NV E690 4/IV, 5/V
NV F690 5/V
1) may have hydrogen mark H5
2) shall have hydrogen mark H5
3) the welding consumables approved as Y42 may be used for welding of high strength steel subject to special
agreement with the Society.
Table 7 Selection of suitable consumables for combinations of aluminium alloys
NV 5052, NV 5754 NV 5083 NV 6060, NV 6061

Base metal alloy NV 5154, NV 5454 NV 5383 NV 6063, NV 6005A
NV 5086 NV 5059 NV 6082
NV 5052, NV 5754
NV 5154, NV 5454 5356, 5556, 5183 5356, 5556, 5183 5356, 5556, 5183
NV 5086
1)
NV 5083, NV 5383 5183
5356, 5556, 5183 5356, 5556, 5183
NV 5059 5556
NV 6060, NV 6061
NV 6063, NV 6005A 5356, 5556, 5183 5356, 5556, 5183 5356, 5556, 5183
NV 6082
DNV AS
Note: All consumables are covered by the AWS specification. The prefix “ER” is omitted.
1) other consumables may be used if allowable stresses are reduced, see Sec.5 Table 15.
1)
Table 8 Grouping of shielding gases
Gas composition (Vol. %)
Group
CO2 O2 H2 He Ar
I 1 - 100
I 2 100 -
I 3 > 0 to 95 Rest
2)
M 11 > 0 to 5 - > 0 to 5 Rest
2)
M 12 > 0 to 5 - - Rest
2)
M 13 - > 0 to 3 - Rest
2)
M 14 > 0 to 5 > 0 to 3 - Rest
2)
M 21 5 to 25 - Rest
2)
M 22 - 3 to 10 Rest
2)
M 23 5 to 25 > 0 to 8 Rest
2)
M 31 25 to 50 - Rest
2)
M 32 - 10 to 15 Rest
2)
M 33 5 to 50 8 to 15 Rest
C 1 100 -
C 2 Rest > 0 to 30
1) the compositions of shielding gases in group I are in accordance with ISO 14175, while group M and C gases are in
accordance with IACS UR W17
2) argon may be partly substituted by helium up to 95% of the argon content.
DNV AS
SECTION 5 WELDING PROCEDURES
1 General
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This section specifies requirements for welding procedure specifications (WPS) and welding procedure
qualification tests (WPQT) for:
— carbon-manganese steels (C-Mn) and low alloy steels
— austenitic steels
— ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels
— aluminium alloys
— copper alloys.
Additional requirements for BCA and COD grade steels, materials for liquefied gas systems and repair welding
of steel castings are also given.
1.1.2 WPS for materials not covered by this section shall be qualified in accordance with a recognized
standard or a recognized standard or a recognized practice agreed with the Society, e.g. ISO 15614-5 for arc
welding of titanium alloys.
1.1.3 Method and general requirements for mechanical testing shall follow Ch.1.
Required compliance documentation is given in Sec.1 [3.1].
Documentation requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.2]. Additional specific documentation requirements are
given in Table 1.
Table 1 Qualification documentation for builder
pWPS Preliminary welding procedure The builder or subcontractor shall submit to the Society

specification a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS)
for review prior to the WPQT. The pWPS shall give all
relevant parameters as required in [2.1.1].
Instruments for checking Calibration records All relevant instruments for checking of welding

welding parameters parameters e.g. temperature, ampere, volt, applied
for the WPQT shall have valid calibration certificates
and the adequacy of any control software shall be
documented to the satisfaction of the surveyor.
DNV AS
Survey, inspection
Description
and testing item
Base material used for welding The base materials shall be identified by means of material marking and certificates.
procedures
Consumables used for welding The consumables shall be approved by the Society. Non-approved consumables may
procedures be accepted for qualification of a WPS.
Non-destructive testing Test pieces for the welding procedure qualification shall be subject to non-
destructive testing as specified herein. Waiting time for performance of NDT shall be
observed. NDT shall be carried out before the test piece is dispatched.
WPS WPS shall be approved by the Society prior to production welding.
WPQR — welding of weld assemblies for welding procedure qualification shall be
performed in the presence of the Society’s representative
— where the Society's certification is required, all the testing (except for chemical
composition analysis) shall be witnessed by the surveyor, unless otherwise
agreed.
WPQT for fully mechanized or If the test coupon is not welded in the comparable environment as the production
automatic welding process condition or if the manufacturer has no or limited experience with the process
and equipment, the first fabrication welds shall be included as part of the welding
procedure tests and, as a minimum requirement, shall be subjected to non-
destructive testing.
WPT - additional requirements for Welding production test is required in accordance with [9.4].
liquefied gas systems
Corrosion test – stainless steels Corrosion tests are required as described in [10] and [11].
Metallographic examination – Microstructural examination is required as described in [10].
ferritic-austenitic steels
1.5 Welding methods and additive manufacturing
1.5.1 General
This subsection is applicable for the welding processes listed in [1.6]. Other welding processes are subject to
case-by-case consideration by the Society. .
1.5.2 Clad welding
WPS for overlay/clad welding shall be qualified according to ISO 15614-7, ASME IX or other recognized
standard.
1.5.3 Welding of clad products
For welding of clad steel plates, plates consisting of a base material and a thinner layer of cladding metal on
one or both sides, the WPS shall be qualified according to the requirements in this section.
In case of explosion bonded steel-aluminum transition joints, the qualification of the WPS for the steel part to
the steel structure and for the aluminum part to the aluminum structure shall each follow the requirements of
this section. Furthermore, the recommendations for welding given by the manufacturer of the transition joint
shall be observed.
1.5.4 Friction stir welding
For friction stir welding of aluminium, ISO 25239 shall be applied.
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1.5.5 Hybrid laser-arc welding
For hybrid laser-arc welding, see guidance given in DNV-CG-0287.
1.5.6 Robotic welding
For robotic welding, see guidance given in DNV-CG-0162.
1.5.7 Additive manufacturing
Requirements to additive manufacturing of metallic materials are given in Ch.2.
1.6 Welding processes
1.6.1 Welding shall be performed with the following processes unless otherwise approved (methods
numbering system in accordance with ISO 4063):
Table 3 Welding processes
Process
Description
no.
111 Manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with covered electrode, SMAW)
114 Self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding (FCAW-S)
121 Submerged arc welding (SAW) with solid wire electrode
122 Submerged arc welding (SAW) with strip electrode
124 Submerged arc welding (SAW) with metal powder addition
125 Submerged arc welding (SAW) with tubular cored electrode
131 Metal inert gas welding (MIG, GMAW) with solid wire electrode
132 Metal inert gas welding (MIG, FCAW-G) with flux cored electrode
135 Metal active gas welding (MAG, GMAW) with solid wire electrode
136 Metal active gas welding (MAG, FCAW-G) with flux cored electrode
138 Metal active gas welding (MAG) with metal cored electrode
141 Gas tungsten arc welding (TIG, GTAW) with solid filler material (wire/rod)
15 Plasma arc welding
1.6.2 Other processes and high heat input welding (> 50 kJ/cm) is subject to case-by-case consideration by
the Society.
1.7 Joint types and wide gap welding
1.7.1 General
This subsection is applicable for full penetration butt welds, full penetration T, K, and Y joints, and fillet welds.
1.7.2 Partial penetration welds
For qualification of partial penetration welds, including partial penetration T-butt welds, the test conditions,
including all essential variables, test specimens and acceptance criteria shall be agreed on a case-by-case
basis with the Society.
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Guidance note:
Qualification for full penetration joints would typically qualify also partial penetration welds, consequently, for partial penetration
welds an initial qualification of full penetration joint with corresponding test requirements and acceptance criteria may be advised.
Where necessary, additional verification of penetration depth for the partial penetration production welds, using a welding
production test (WPT) with macro examination, may be considered.
1.7.3 Wide gap welding
Wide gap welding for butt joints and T-, Y-, and K-joints shall be qualified by a separate WPQT when the gap
is more than 16 mm and up to maximum 1.5 × t (maximum 25 mm), where t is the plate thickness of the
abutting member. The largest gap in production (for remedial welding) shall be used. Gap more than 1.5 x t
(or 25 mm) shall, unless accepted by the Society, be repaired by insert.
Buttering of the weld groove shall be qualified by a separate WPQT for the following cases:
— the buttering process essential variables are different from the essential variables of the process used for
subsequent completion of the joint
— the thickness of the buttering exceeds 8 mm.
For the WPQT to be qualified, the buttered area shall be 100% tested with MT (ferromagnetic materials) or
PT (non-magnetic materials) before the filling of the groove starts. No surface linear indications are accepted,
see Sec.7 Table 6.
Guidance note:
For typical butt- and fillet weld plate edge preparation repairs, guidance is given to IACS Rec. No.47 Shipbuilding and Repair
Quality Standard, Part A.
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2 Welding procedure specification
2.1 General
2.1.1 A WPS shall as a minimum contain the following information as relevant for the welding operation:
— identification of builder or subcontractor (name, address)
— identification of the WPS and reference to the WPQR
— welding process(es), including the order of processes if more than one process is used
— number and configuration of electrodes for multi-wire welding
— welding position(s) and direction of progression
— joint type
— backing and backing material
— preheat and interpass temperatures
— post-weld heat treatment details (temperature, time, etc.)
— method of preparation including cleaning process
— material: standard, grade and modification, delivery conditions (AR, N, NR, TM, QT), carbon equivalent
(when relevant)
— nominal thickness or diameter range (dimensions)
— welding consumables: trade name, electrode or wire diameter, shielding gas type, purity and flow rate,
flux and recognised classification
— joint or groove design with tolerances of angles, root face and root gap. Throat thickness range for fillet
welds
— welding sequence: number and order of passes or layers
— electrical parameters: voltage range, current range, polarity, pulse welding details (machine settings and/
or program selection)
— travel speed ranges
— heat input ranges at least for root, fill and cap passes
— details on cleaning processes employed and restrictions if any
— minimum length of tack welds, when relevant
— type and coating thickness of overweldable shop primer for fillet welding if automatic welding is applied.
2.1.2 The builder or subcontractor shall submit to the Society a preliminary welding procedure specification
(pWPS) for review prior to the WPQT. The pWPS shall give all relevant parameters as required in [2.1.1].
The pWPS may be modified and amended during the procedure welding as deemed necessary. In case that
the test pieces welded according to the pWPS show unacceptable results, the pWPS shall be adjusted by the
builder or subcontractor. The new pWPS shall be prepared and the test pieces shall be welded in accordance
with the new pWPS.
2.1.3 All relevant instruments for checking of welding parameters (e.g. temperature, ampere, volt) applied
for the WPQT shall have valid calibration certificates and the adequacy of any control software shall be
documented.
Guidance note:
Calibration and validation in accordance with ISO 17662 are recommended.
2.1.4 Qualification welding shall be performed under general conditions representative of the actual working
environment for the work shop site where the production welding will be performed.
2.1.5 The test results shall meet the specified minimum requirements given in this standard in order to be
valid for qualification of a WPS.
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2.1.6 During qualification test welding, all welding parameters, (see [2.1.1]) and the weld bead width shall
be recorded for each welding pass. A report summarizing the records from the welding and the test results,
i.e. a welding procedure qualification record (WPQR), shall be prepared. The WPQR shall give the material
certificate of the base and filler materials applied in the WPQT.
2.1.7 Upon satisfactory completion of the required tests, the Society may approve the WPQR and the
corresponding WPS. The approval range shall be in compliance with the requirements given in [6].
2.2 Approval of welding procedure specification
2.2.1 WPS shall be approved by the Society prior to welding.
2.2.2 A WPS will be approved based on one of the following alternatives:
a) review of a WPQR corresponding to the WPS in question. The WPQT on which the WPQR is based shall be
witnessed by the Society or by a party recognized by the Society
b) review and verification of documentation showing successful application of the WPS over a prolonged
period of time
c) the WPS is compiled on basis of other approved WPS.
2.2.3 For the following applications the approval of WPS shall be based on alternative [2.2.2] a):
— welds in aluminium
— welds in cargo tanks, hull structure and process pressure vessel
— welds in piping systems for liquified gases
— welds in piping systems of ferritic-austenitic stainless steels
— full and partial penetration welds in plate thickness above 50 mm
— full and partial penetration welds for heat input more than 50 kJ/cm
— full and partial penetration welds of material grade E and F
— single run full or partial penetration welds
— welds in the vertical down positions
— welds between castings/forgings and rolled material, such as e.g. stern frames, rudder, rudder horns and
struts
— welds on grades NV D/E 47 steels for container vessels.
2.2.4 One or more WPS(s) may be prepared based on the data of one or more accepted WPQR(s) provided
the essential variables are kept within the acceptable limits. All limits and ranges for the applicable essential
variables for the welding to be performed shall be stated in the WPS.
Guidance note:
The number of WPQRs (alternative a) used for the preparation of a new WPS should not exceed 6. The number of WPSs
(alternative c) used for the preparation of a new WPS should not exceed 3 where each of these 3 WPSs are approved by the
Society. When a new WPS is based on several WPQRs or WPSs the builder should prepare an overview indicating the overlap of
each essential variable as specified in the Society's rules.
2.2.5 For multi-process procedures the WPS approval shall be carried out by:
— separate WPQTs for each welding process, or
— a multi-process procedure test. The approval of a multi-process procedure test is only valid for the
process sequence carried out for the qualification test.
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3 Welding procedure qualification test assembly and sampling of
test pieces
3.1 General
The base materials used for welding procedures shall be identified by means of material marking and
certificates. The material shall be certified with a NV or works (W) certificate. For definition of certificate
types, see Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.4 [2.1.1].
Guidance note:
Requirements for impact toughness testing of base materials are given in Ch.2. Some welding procedures require impact testing at
different material thicknesses, e.g. centre of plate. Certification of the base materials according to Ch.2 do not necessarily require
impact toughness testing of all material thickness positions relevant for welding. Where relevant, the purchaser is recommended to
order steel with adequate impact toughness at relevant plate thickness positions.
Guidance note:
For qualification of procedures for high heat input welding, the hull structural steels should be qualified accordingly for the
maximum heat input.
3.2 Butt welds in plates
3.2.1 The test assembly shall consist of two plates welded together. For rolled plates, impact tested in the
longitudinal direction (KVL-tested, see Figure 1), the butt weld of the test assembly is perpendicular to the
rolling direction of the two plates. For extra high strength steel grades, impact tested in the transverse
direction (KVT-tested, see Figure 1), the butt weld of the assembly is parallel to the rolling direction of the
two plates.
As far as possible the plates shall have a size which can simulate the heat transfer during the production
welding. For manual or semiautomatic welding, a test assembly according to Figure 1 shall be carried out
with:
wmin ≥ 300 mm
lmin ≥ 350 mm (see guidance note)
Guidance note:
Actual test plate length needed depends on number of test specimens required for the material grade and thickness, and material
needed for retesting if applicable, see Figure 2. E.g. a length of at least 450 mm would in many cases be necessary in order to
accommodate the necessary test specimens.
For automatic welding, the dimensions shall be:
wmin ≥ 400 mm
lmin ≥ 1000 mm
Guidance note:
An increase of the minimum test plate length lmin may be needed if additional specimens like the round tensile test from the weld
metal are included.
Edge preparation and fit-up shall be as detailed in the pWPS. The plates shall be joined and held by tack
welds to provide the correct gap for the edge preparation used. 50 mm of each end of the test piece shall be
discarded.
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Figure 1 Test assembly for butt welds in plates
3.2.2 The first fabrication welds shall be included as part of the welding procedure tests if:
— the test coupon for approval of WPS for fully mechanized or automatic welding process is not welded in
the comparable environment as the production condition or
— if the manufacturer has no or limited experience with the process and equipment.
For both cases the first fabrication welds shall be included as part of the welding procedure tests and be
subjected to non-destructive testing.
3.2.3 The following mechanical tests are required from each assembly, see Figure 2:
— 2 tensile tests (flat specimen transverse to the weld)
— bend tests:
— for thickness t < 12 mm: 2 root and 2 face bend specimens
— for thickness t ≥ 12 mm: either 2 root and 2 face bend specimens, or 4 side bend specimens
— at least 9 Charpy V-notch specimens with the notch location as given in [3.2.8]. Depending on the type of
joint (one side or both side), the heat input and the plate thickness, more than 9 specimens are required
— 1 macrosection test (metallographic examination + hardness measurements)
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— 1 extra tensile test (round specimen from the weld metal) when the welding consumable is not type
approved (see guidance note)
— specimens for transverse tensile testing shall be in accordance with Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.1.15]. Location of
fracture (WM or BM), and tensile strength shall be reported.
Guidance note:
Non-approved consumables may be accepted for qualification of a WPS. Consumables for production welding shall be approved by
the Society as required in Sec.1 [1.3].

Figure 2 Sampling of test specimens in plates
3.2.4 When round tensile test specimen is required, the specimen shall be machined to the dimensions
given in Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.1.15]. Care shall be taken so that the longitudinal axis coincides with the intersection
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between the mid-plane of the weld, and the mid-plane of the plates. If the section area of the weld metal is
too small to allow sampling of the round specimen, an all-weld-metal tensile test shall be carried out.
3.2.5 Transverse side bend, root bend and face bend specimens shall be machined to the dimensions shown
in Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.4]. For a butt joint between different material grades, the transverse bend test specimens
may be replaced by longitudinal bend test specimens. The test specimens shall be bent on a mandrel with
diameter 4 × t, where t is the thickness of the specimen.
Exceptions are for extra high strength steels with SMYS 420, 460, 500 for which the mandrel diameter shall
be 5 × t, and for steels levels 550, 620 and 690 for which the mandrel diameter shall be 6 × t. For extra high
strength steels with SMYS > 690 MPa, the mandrel diameter shall be agreed.
The bending angle shall be minimum 180°.
3.2.6 The macro section shall include about 10 mm of unaffected base material and shall be prepared and
etched on one side to clearly reveal the fusion line and the HAZ.
3.2.7 The hardness testing shall be in accordance with ISO 6507-1 and ISO 9015-1 or equivalent. This is
only required for grades with specified minimum yield strength 265 MPa and higher.
Unless otherwise agreed, the Vickers method (HV10) is used.
Indentations shall be made along traverses in the weld, HAZ and the parent metal; maximum 2 mm below
the surface, see Figure 3. For each traverse, a minimum of 3 indentations shall be made in the weld, HAZ
(both sides and with two additional indentations at a distance < 0.5 mm between the centre point of the
indentation and the fusion line) and parent metal (both sides), see Figure 4.
For HAZ the first indentation shall be placed as close to the fusion line as possible. For double sided welds,
for fillet welds and T-, Y-, and K-joints, one additional row of indentations shall be made through the root
area.
For material grade NV D/E 47, one additional row of indentations shall be made from the mid-thickness of the
plate.

Figure 3 Examples of hardness test with rows of indentations in butt welds
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Figure 4 Example of hardness indentations in butt welds
3.2.8 The Charpy V-notch specimens shall be machined in accordance with the requirements given in Ch.1
Sec.3 [3.3]. Three sets of three specimens each shall be sampled 1 - 2 mm below the surface of the parent
material and transverse to the weld. The V-notch shall be perpendicular to the plate surface.
At least 9 Charpy V-notch specimens shall be localized in the welded joint as follows:
— 3 specimens with the notch along the weld metal centerline (WM)
— 3 specimens with the notch in the fusion line (FL)
— 3 specimens with the notch in the HAZ, 2 mm from the fusion line (FL+2)
— Additional Charpy V-notch specimens with notch location(s) shall be tested as indicated in Figure 5, Figure
6 and Table 4.
For a single- or double bevel groove preparation the location of the impact test specimens shall be taken
from the vertical side of the groove (without the bevel).
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Figure 5 Locations of V-notch for butt weld of normal heat input (heat input ≤ 50 kJ/cm)
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Figure 6 Locations of V-notch for butt weld of high heat input (heat input > 50 kJ/cm)
Table 4 Notch location of Charpy V-notch impact test
Type of butt Heat input Plate thickness, Notch location

weld joint [kJ/cm] t [mm] Cap Root
≤ 20 WM, FL, FL+2 -
≤ 50 20 < t ≤ 50 WM, FL, FL+2 WM
> 50 WM, FL, FL+2 WM, FL

One side
≤ 20 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5 -
50 < E ≤ 200
> 20 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5 WM, FL, FL+2
> 200 ≤ 20 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5, FL+10 -
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Notch location
Type of butt Heat input Plate thickness,
weld joint [kJ/cm] t [mm] Cap Root
> 20 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5, FL+10 WM, FL, FL+2
≤ 50 WM, FL, FL+2 -
≤ 50
> 50 WM, FL, FL+2 WM
≤ 50 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5 -
Both sides 50 < E ≤ 200
> 50 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5 WM, FL+2
≤ 50 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5, FL+10 -
> 200
> 50 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5, FL+10 WM, FL+2
3.2.9 For austenitic steels with service temperature above –105°C, HAZ impact test specimens are not
required unless otherwise specified. For material thicknesses below 6 mm impact testing is not required
unless specifically required by the Society or for cryogenic services where Pt.5 Ch.7 is applicable.
Where multiple welding processes are qualified in a single test piece, impact test specimens shall be taken
from the weld metal and HAZ that include each process. This does not apply to the process and consumables
used to make the first weld run or root deposit of a multipass weld.
For dissimilar material grade and joints between cast or forged and rolled materials, impact tests shall be
carried out on test specimens with notch in fusion line and 2 mm from fusion line in each parent material.
3.2.10 Where fracture mechanics testing (e.g. CTOD test) is required by the relevant rules, it shall be carried
out in accordance with Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.10]. Acceptance criteria are given in [5.7] and [8.2.3].
When FM test is required for qualification of a welding procedure, testing of WM and GCHAZ shall be carried
out. Testing of BM is not required unless this is stated in the referring rule or standard. Fracture mechanics
testing of the base material, weld deposit or HAZ may be omitted based on a case-by-case approval. In this
case, tests with satisfactory results shall have been carried out previously, by either the steel manufacturer
or the welding consumable manufacturer. This provided that the tested base material, weld deposit or HAZ is
representative.
3.3 Butt welds in pipes
3.3.1 The test assembly shall be in accordance with Figure 7.

Edge preparation and fit-up as detailed in the pWPS
a a

Figure 7 Test assembly for butt welds in pipes
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a = minimum value 150 mm
D = outside diameter.
Guidance note:
The word 'pipe', alone or in combination, is used to mean 'pipe', 'tube' or 'hollow section'.
— two (2) tensile test (flat specimen transverse to the weld)
— bend tests:
— for pipe thickness t < 12 mm: 2 root and 2 face bend specimens
— for pipe thickness t ≥ 12 mm: either 2 root and 2 face bend specimens, or 4 side bend specimens
— three (3) sets of three (3) Charpy V-notch specimens with the notch location as given in [3.2.8]
— for pipe thickness > 20 mm with one side welding, one additional set of specimens shall be taken from the
root area as given in [3.2.8]
— one (1) macro section test (metallographic examination + hardness measurements).

Figure 8 Sampling of test specimens in pipes
3.4 Full penetration TKY joints for plates
3.4.1 WPQT's for full penetration groove welds between plates at right angles or inclined, i.e. T- or K- or Y-
configurations, shall cover a weld length of minimum 350 mm, see Figure 9. The test assembly shall consider
the rolling direction, as for the butt welds, see [3.2.1].
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Figure 9 Test assembly for full penetration T-joints
a = 3 t; minimum value 150 mm
b = 6 t; minimum value 350 mm
— 3 sets of Charpy V-notch tests with the notch location as given in [3.2.8], see guidance note
— for web plate thickness > 20 mm with one side welding, one additional set of specimens shall be taken
from the root area as given in [3.2.8], see guidance note
— 1 macrosection test (metallographic examination + hardness measurements).
Guidance note:
If the flange thickness is < 30 mm and therefore Charpy V-notch specimens can't be machined, qualification tests on butt welds
may be performed as an alternative. In this case, with comparable welding parameters as for the full penetration T-joint.
3.4.3 Tests as detailed do not provide information on the tensile strength of the joint. Where the tensile
strength properties are relevant for the application an additional butt weld qualification shall be performed
using the same welding parameters.
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Figure 10 Sampling of test specimens in full penetration T-joints
3.5 Branch connection
— Three (3) sets of Charpy V-notch tests sampled at 9 o'clock in the branch pipe and with the notch location
as given in [3.2.8].
— For pipe thickness > 20 mm with one side welding, one additional set of specimens shall be taken from
the root area as given in [3.2.8]. Alternatively, the tests may be carried out on test specimens from a
representative butt weld assembly.
— Two (2) macrosection tests (metallographic examination + hardness measurements), one at 12 and one
at 6 o'clock.
3.5.2 For joint configuration involving acute angles (less than 15°), restrictions and testing should be
specified and accepted by the Society prior to qualification.
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Figure 11 Test assembly for branch connections
a = minimum value 150 mm
D1 = outside diameter of the main pipe
t1 = wall thickness of the main pipe
D2 = outside diameter of the branch pipe
t2 = wall thickness of the branch pipe
α = branch connection angle.
3.6 Fillet welds
3.6.1 For fillet welds, the two plates are assembled and positioned edgewise so as to constitute a tee-
assembly with no clearance. For plate fillet welds, the test assembly shall be as defined in Figure 12, except
for vertical-down fillet welds on structural steel grades A to F40. For vertical-down fillet welds the test
assembly shall be as defined in Figure 13 or Figure 14. For pipe fillet welds the test assembly shall be as
defined in Figure 15.
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For manual and semi-automatic welding the length of the test piece shall be:
Lmin = 350 mm
For automatic welding the length shall be:
Lmin = 1000 mm
For double fillet welding automatic welding procedures, the test piece shall have a minimum length of 3000
mm as given in Figure 14.
Figure 12 Test assembly for plate fillet welds

Figure 13 Double T- joint (cruciform) plate test piece for manual and semi-automatic welding
procedures
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Figure 14 Double T- joint (cruciform) plate test piece for automatic welding procedures

Figure 15 Test assembly for pipe fillet welds
Weld and fit-up shall be as detailed in the pWPS. The test assembly shall be welded on one side only.
However, for automatic two side fillet welding (tandem technique), welding from two sides is required. For
single run manual and semi-automatic welding, the stop/restart position shall be included in the test length
unless otherwise agreed, and shall be clearly marked for subsequent examination. The ends of the specimen
are exempted from examination over a length of 50 mm.
When the automatic fillet welding procedure is intended for plates and sections coated with overweldable
shop primer, similarly coated plates shall be used for the qualification. The type of the shop primer and the
dry film thickness shall be recorded in the WPQR.
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3.6.2 The following destructive tests shall be performed:
— Two macrosection tests (metallographic examination, hardness measurements on one macrosection taken
from the weld start of the test assembly).For single run manual and semi-automatic welding, one of the
macrosections shall be taken at the marked position of the stop/restart, for more details, see [3.2.6]. For
hardness testing, see Figure 16, Figure 17 and [3.2.7].
— For plate fillet welds: one fracture test shall be performed by folding the upright plate onto the through
plate, e.g. according to ISO 9017. Evaluation shall be concentrated on cracks, porosity and pores,
inclusions, lack of fusion and incomplete penetration. Imperfections that are detected shall be assessed in
accordance with ISO 5817 quality level B.
— Pipe fillet welds: one additional macrosection test.
Unless cruciform tensile tests are carried out, the tests as detailed in [3.6], do not provide information on the
mechanical properties of the joint. Where these properties are relevant for the application, an additional butt
weld qualification shall be performed using the same welding parameters.
When the shop primer is not approved, see Sec.6 [3], extra testing according to DNV-CP-0109 is required.

Figure 16 Examples of hardness test with row indentation (R) in fillet welds and in T-joint welds

Figure 17 Example showing the position of the indentations for hardness test in the weld metal,
the heat affected zone and the base metal of a fillet weld (dimensions in [mm])
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3.6.3 Qualification of cruciform joints is required for vertical-down fillet welding on hull structure steel grades
A to F40. For the test assembly, see Figure 13 and Figure 14.
The throat thickness of the fillet for the cruciform test piece shall correspond to those used in production, but
shall not exceed 0.5 times the plate thickness of the test piece.
For the set of double-T (cruciform) test specimens, see Figure 18, and for the calculation of the shear tensile
strength, see Figure 19.
The cruciform tensile test specimens shall be evaluated in order to determine the tensile-shear strength
of the weld metal according to Figure 19. Before the performance of cruciform tensile tests, the fillet weld
throat thicknesses and the width of the specimens shall be measured. The width of the specimen should be
about 35 mm.
For the tensile-shear strength requirements, see Table 7.
The following destructive tests shall be performed in addition to [3.6.2]:
— three cruciform tensile test specimens (Z)

M = macro section
Z = cruciform tensile test specimen
Figure 18 Set of double-T (cruciform) test specimens
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Figure 19 Cruciform tensile test specimen (weld cross section)
3.6.4 WPQTs of pipe fillet welds and corresponding WPS shall be in accordance with an international
recognized standard. Test assembly is shown in Figure 15.
3.6.5 Deep penetration fillet welds
For automatic welds, deep penetration fillet welds may be credited in design as described in Pt.3 Ch.13 Sec.1
[2.5.9] provided welding procedure is qualified as given in the following.
The percentage increase in throat thickness is calculated as:
where:
s = deep penetration throat thickness
a = theoretical throat thickness, see also definition in ISO 2553.
Deep penetration throat thickness (s) and theoretical throat thickness (a) are illustrated in Figure 20.
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s
a

Figure 20 Deep penetration throat thickness (s) and throat thickness (a)
In addition to qualification as specified for plate fillet welds, see [3.6], the procedure shall be qualified with
one additional macro test specimen, with one additional macro test specimen, adding to at least three macro
test specimen.
The obtained leg length, throat thickness (a) and the deep penetration throat thickness (s) shall be measured
on the macros. The smallest obtained deep penetration throat thickness (smin) shall form the basis for
qualified deep penetration throat thickness (squalified) as follows:
where:
squalified = deep penetration throat thickness qualified for design based on the WPQT
smin = smallest measured deep penetration throat thickness on the three macros.
4 Non-destructive testing of test assemblies
4.1 Full penetration butt joints and T-, K-, and Y-joints
The extent of the testing shall be as follows:
— 100% visual testing (VT)
— 100% radiographic testing (RT) or ultrasonic testing (UT)
— 100% surface crack detection (magnetic particle testing (MT) for ferromagnetic materials or penetrant
testing (PT) for non-ferromagnetic materials).
Acceptance criteria: the soundness of the weld shall comply, unless otherwise specified, with ISO 5817
quality level B, except for undercut, excess weld metal, incorrect weld toe and excess penetration for
which level C applies. Regarding use of ISO 5817 and ISO 10042 for RT, UT, MT and PT, ISO 17635 shall be
followed.
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Guidance note:
For ultrasonic testing, level 2 of ISO 11666 is considered equal to level B ofISO 5817.
4.2 Fillet welds and partial penetration welds
The extent of testing shall be as follows:
— 100% VT
— 100% surface crack detection (MT for ferromagnetic materials or PT for non-ferromagnetic materials).
Acceptance criteria: the soundness of the weld shall comply, unless otherwise specified, with ISO 5817
quality level B, except for undercut, incorrect weld toe, excessive convexity and excessive throat thickness
for which level C applies. If the stop/restart spot is included in the test length, special attention shall be paid
to this position with respect to profile, proper fusion and absence of crater defects. Regarding use of ISO
5817 and ISO 10042 for MT and PT, ISO 17635 shall be followed.
5 Acceptance criteria of mechanical testing
5.1 Transverse tensile test
The tensile strength shall not be below the specified minimum tensile strength for the material grade in
question. Location of fracture (WM or BM), and tensile strength shall be reported.
5.2 Bend test
5.2.1 After bending, the test specimens shall not reveal any open defects in any direction greater than 3
mm, except for defects appearing at the corners (edges) of a test specimen during testing where longer
defects may be accepted by the Society subject to case by case evaluation, see [5.2.2].
Guidance note:
Where a bend test specimen reveal several open discontinuities on the convex side of the specimen after bending, the rules do not
specify acceptance criteria. If the sum of the length of all discontinuities with size in the range 1 mm to 3 mm do not exceed 10
mm in total, this is usually considered acceptable. If total length is more than 10 mm, it is advised to do a re-test or to investigate
the root cause.
5.2.2 Corner cracks with length greater than 3 mm may be accepted subject to investigation and evaluation
of root cause. Corner cracks greater than 3 mm and originating from fusion type discontinuities (e.g. slag
inclusion or lack of fusion) are not accepted. Other corner cracks with length less than 6 mm are accepted.
5.3 Macrosection and hardness testing
5.3.1 Macrosection
Cracks and lack of fusion are not accepted. Other defects shall follow level B of ISO 5817. The welded joints
shall have a regular profile with smooth transitions to the base materials and without significant or excessive
reinforcement. Acceptance criteria for weld profile according to IACS Rec. No. 47.
5.3.2 Hardness test
— for material grades up to and including NV 420 a maximum hardness limit of 350 HV10 shall be met,
except for single run fillet welds where the maximum hardness limit shall be 380 HV10
— for NV460 NV 500, NV 550, NV 620 and NV 690 grades the maximum hardness limit shall be 420 HV10
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— for NV 890 and NV 960, the maximum hardness limit shall be 450 HV10.
5.4 Impact testing
5.4.1 For rolled steels for structural application, the Charpy V-notch test temperature and minimum average
Charpy V-notch impact toughness shall be in accordance with the following requirements:
Table 5 Impact test temperature
Impact test temperatures Grades
+20°C A, A27S, A32, A36 and A40
0°C B, D, D27S, D32, D36 and D40
–20°C E, E27S, E32, E36 and E40
–40°C F27S, F32, F36 and F40
The minimum average Charpy V-notch impact toughness in WM, FL and HAZ shall not be less than:
— for grades NV A and NV B, all welding methods and positions: 27 J.
For all other grades given above:
— for manual and semi-automatic welding in all welding positions except vertical: 47 J
— for automatic welding and fully mechanised welding: 34 J (for NV 40 grades: 39 J)
— for manual and semi-automatic welding in vertical position: 34 J (for NV 40 grades: 39 J).
For extra high strength structural steels (except D/E 47, see [7.1.4]), the Charpy V-notch test temperature
and the minimum average Charpy V-notch impact toughness in weld metal, fusion line and HAZ shall be the
same as required for the base material (transverse direction, where relevant).
5.4.2 For boiler and pressure vessel steels (Ch.2 Sec.3 [2]), pipes for pressure system (Ch.2 Sec.5 [2])
and weldable C- and C-Mn steel forgings and castings (Ch.2 Sec.6 and Ch.2 Sec.8), the Charpy V-notch test
temperature and the minimum average Charpy V-notch impact toughness in weld metal, fusion line and HAZ
shall be the same as required for the base material.
For C-, C-Mn and nickel alloy steels for liquefied gas systems, see [9.2].
For austenitic-ferritic stainless steels, see [10.1], and for austenitic steels, see [11.2].
5.4.3 The minimum average impact requirements shall be satisfied for each notch location. One single value
of the three values from the same notch location may be below the minimum average requirement, but shall
not be below 70% of the required minimum average value.
5.4.4 In the case of sub-size Charpy V-notch test specimens (10 x 7.5 mm and 10 x 5 mm); the impact
energy values to be obtained shall satisfy Table 6.
Table 6 Impact energy requirement for sub-size specimens
Dimensions of Charpy V-notch test specimen [mm] Impact energy
10 × 10 1 × KV
10 × 7.5 5/6 × KV
10 × 5 2/3 × KV
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5.4.5 Where the results from a set of three impact test specimens do not comply with the requirements,
an additional set of three impact test specimens may be taken. The results obtained shall be combined with
the original results to form a new average which, for acceptance, shall be not less than the required value.
Additionally, for these combined results not more than two individual values shall be less than the required
average value. Of these, not more than one shall be less than 70% of the required average value.
5.5 Cruciform joint tensile-shear strength
For the tensile-shear strength requirements applicable to cruciform tensile specimens, see Table 7.
Table 7 Requirements applicable to cruciform tensile specimens
2
Grades Tensile-shear strength [N/mm ]
A – E, A27S - F27S 350
A32 – F36 430
A40 – F40 450
5.6 Welds between different material grades
When a butt weld is made between two steels of different grade, the test temperature and achieved impact
energy shall comply with the minimum specified requirements for the lower grade, see [5.4.1] and [5.4.3].
The tensile strength shall meet the requirements of the steel having the lower strength. The validity of the
corresponding WPS shall be limited to the range qualified by the lower steel grade welded to a steel limited
by the range qualified by the higher grade.
Guidance note:
As an example the test temperature, impact energy and tensile strength for the butt welded joints given in Figure 21 are those
required for the plate of grade D in the left assembly and for the plate of grade E in the right assembly.
As an example for the qualified range of steels, the left assembly qualifies welding of steel grades A - D welded to steel grades A
- E. Welding of grade E to E is not covered. For the right assembly welding of steel grades A - E welded to steel grades A - EH is
covered. Welding of AH - EH welded to AH - EH is not covered.
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grade D grade E
grade E grade EH

Figure 21 Butt welded plate joints of different grades
5.7 Fracture mechanics test
5.7.1 The critical CTOD for all of the specimens shall be equal to or larger than 0.15 mm unless otherwise
specified by the relevant rules. For D/E 47 grades and COD grades, see [8.2.3].
5.7.2 If, for HAZ or weld deposit, one or more of the three specimens have a critical CTOD lower than 0.15
mm additional tests may be carried out. In such a case the characteristic value, as defined in Table 8, shall
be equal to or larger than 0.15 mm.
Table 8 Characteristic value of CTOD
1)
Number of valid tests Characteristic value
3 to 5 Lowest result
6 to 10 Second lowest result
11 to 15 Third lowest result
1) All valid tests that have been carried out shall be included in the evaluation. It is not permissible to discard any valid
test result.
5.7.3 If the characteristic value as specified in Table 8 is lower than 0.15 mm an ECA (engineering critical
assessment) may be carried out with the purpose of demonstrating that extra capacity is available in the
structure. Acceptance based on ECA shall be approved.
5.8 Retesting
If the WPQT fails to comply with any of the requirements for NDT one extra WPQT may be welded and
subjected to the same testing. If this additional test does not meet the relevant requirements, the actual
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pWPS shall be considered as not qualified and a re-specification of the pWPS shall be made prior to a new
qualification test.
If the result of any destructive test fails to meet the requirements, two further tests may be made from the
same welded joint if there is sufficient material available. If not, a new assembly may be welded using the
same WPS. If either of these additional test specimens does not comply with the relevant requirements, the
WPS shall be regarded as not capable to comply with the requirements without modification.
6 Validity of approved welding procedures
6.1 General
6.1.1 The validity of an approved WPS is restricted to the builder/subcontractor receiving the approval.
This includes yards/subcontractors under the same technical management and working in accordance with
the same QA system and procedures. Builder’s WPS may be transferred to and used by a subcontractor,
provided the principles of ISO 3834-2 and ISO 14731 are implemented. This shall be documented by the
yard/subcontractor and accepted by the Society. For this case WPT or extended NDT may be required by the
Society.
6.1.2 Qualification of a WPS remains valid provided the specified welding parameters are kept within the
qualified ranges during production welding. The qualified ranges are given in [6.2]. If one or more of the
WPS specified welding parameters are outside the qualified ranges during production, the WPS shall be re-
specified and re-qualified.
6.2 Range of qualification
6.2.1 A qualified WPS shall be used within the ranges of the parameters of essential variables listed below.
6.2.2 Base material
Essential parameters for the base material:
a) The following changes and considerations shall lead to a new qualification. Significant change of material
properties which obviously will affect the weldability and mechanical properties, such as:
— change from wrought (rolled, forged) steel to cast steel or vice versa (applicable also for stainless
steels)
— change from delivery condition quenched and tempered (QT) to any other delivery condition or vice
versa, applicable for forgings, castings, and extra high strength hull structural steel grades
— changes in chemical composition which will obviously affect the weldability, and in particular:
— for steels with C ≥ 0.22 or Ceq ≥ 0.45 the WPQT on which the WPS is based, should be qualified on
a base material having a Ceq not less than 0.03 of the material to be welded
Guidance note:
Example: WPQT for a material with actual Ceq = 0.50 may be qualified on a material with Ceq ≥ 0.47.
— BCA steel grades with chemical composition outside the limitations of Ch.2 Sec.2 Table 10 and
Ch.2 Sec.2 Table 15 shall follow the requirements of [8.3.1].
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b) Changes related to strength levels and toughness grades for rolled steel plates that require new
qualification:
— for normal and high strength steels, see Ch.2 Sec.2, WPQTs are considered applicable to the
same and two lower strength levels as that tested (the special grade NV 27S is not counted, e.g.
qualification of NV A36 may also qualify welding of grades NV A, NV A27S and NV A32)
— for extra high strength steels, WPQTs are considered applicable to the same and one lower strength
level as that tested. Examples:
— qualification of grade NV A500 will qualify grade NV A460
— qualification of grade NV E420 will qualify grades NV A420 to NV E420 and NV A40 to NV E40
— for high heat input welding processes (> 50 kJ/cm), the WPQT is applicable to the toughness grade
tested and one strength level below, e.g. qualification of grade NV E40-W200 will qualify grades NV
E40-W200 and NV E36-W200
— the qualification of steel grades of higher toughness requirements will qualify the grades of lower
toughness but not vice versa, e.g. qualification of grade NV E will also qualify grades NV A, NV B and
NV D.
c) Changes related to strength levels and toughness grades for castings and forgings that require new
qualification:
— change to a grade of higher specified strength
— change to higher specified toughness requirements. That is: lower impact toughness temperature
requirements or higher impact toughness value requirements.
d) For welding with heat input more than 50 kJ/cm:
— for TM steels not pre-qualified for high heat input welding: change of material manufacturer requires
either new qualification, or special case by case approval. For case by case approval, the following
information shall be submitted for the TM steels in question: grade, thickness range, deoxidation
practice, fine grain practice, aim range of chemical composition, aim maximum Ceq and Pcm, welding
production test results, etc.
e) For welding where CTOD properties are required for the weld:
— parameters affecting the CTOD properties shall be specified and controlled, e.g. chemical composition
of base material, carbon equivalent (Ceq or Pcm), heat input, welding consumables, etc. The relevant
parameters to be controlled shall be specified on the WPS.
Guidance note:
The specification for chemical composition of base materials may typically give ranges of each element as indicated
in EN 10225 Option 18 or API RP2Z, under the provision that the chemical composition range is also within the rule
requirements given for the corresponding grade.
6.2.3 Thickness
Thickness t is defined as follows:
a) butt welds:
— the base metal thickness, which for welds between dissimilar thicknesses is that of the thinner
material
b) T-joints in plate:
— the thickness of the plate with bevelling (abutting member)
c) fillet weld:
— the thickness of both base materials
d) for a set-on branch connection:
— the thickness of the branch pipe
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e) for a set-in or set-through branch connection:
— the thickness of the main pipe
f) for partial penetration welds:
— same as for butt weld or T-joint, respectively.
The requirements for qualified thickness range shall be as given in Table 9. This table is applicable to full
penetration butt welds in plates, pipes and T-, Y-, K-joints, fillet welds and partial penetration welds.
Table 9 Qualified thickness range
1, 2, 3)
Qualification range [mm]
Thickness of test piece,
Single run, or single 4, 5, 6)
t [mm] Multi-run and all fillet welds
run from both sides
t ≤ 3 0.7 × t to 1.3 × t 0.7 × t to 2 × t
3 < t ≤ 12 0.7 × t to 1.1 × t 3 mm to 2 × t

7) 8)
12 < t ≤ 100 0.7 × t to 1.1 × t 0.5 × t to 2 × t
8)
t > 100 Not applicable 50 mm to 2 × t
1) the maximum thickness qualified for vertical downward welding is 1.0 × t
2) for multi process procedures, the recorded thickness contribution of each process shall be used as basis for the
range of approval for the individual welding process
3) the approval of maximum thickness of base metal for any technique shall be restricted to the thickness of test
assembly if three of the hardness values in the heat affected zone are found to be within 25 HV of the maximum
permitted, as stated in [5.3.2]
4) where a fillet weld is qualified by a butt weld qualification, the throat thickness range qualified shall be the same as
the qualified plate thickness range
5) for fillet welds between materials of dissimilar thickness, the qualified thickness range shall be applied to both
parent materials independently. Example: Multi-run fillet weld. Thickness of abutting member is 15 mm, thickness
of base plate is 25 mm and throat thickness is 15mm by multi-run. Qualified range for abutting member is then 7.5
mm to 30 mm, qualified range for base plate is 12.5 mm to 50 mm. Qualified throat thickness “a” range is 7.5 mm
to 30 mm
6) for fillet welds on castings and forgings, qualification of thickness ≥ 30 mm will qualify unlimited maximum
thickness
7) for high heat input processes > 50 kJ/cm, the upper limit of range of validity is 1.0 × t
8) where fracture mechanics test (CTOD) is required, qualified thickness range is 0.5 × t to 1.1 × t.
In addition to the requirements of Table 9, the range of approval of throat thickness 'a' for fillet welds shall
be as follows:
— single run: '0.75 × a' to '1.5 × a'
— multi-run: same qualification range as for thickness (t) of multi-run butt welds, i.e. t = a, see Table 9.
6.2.4 Diameter of pipes and branch connections
The qualification of a WPQT on diameter D shall include qualification for diameters in the following ranges as
given in Table 10.
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Table 10 Qualified range for pipe and branch connection diameters
Diameter of the test piece,
1, 2) Qualification range [mm]
D [mm]
D ≤ 25 0.5 × D to 2 × D
D > 25 > 0.5 × D and plates
1) D is the outside diameter of the pipe or outside diameter of the branch pipe
2) qualification given for plates also covers pipes when the outside diameter is greater than 500 mm.
6.2.5 Angle of branch connections
A WPQT carried out on a branch connection with angle α shall qualify all branch connection angles in the
range of α to 90°.
6.2.6 Welding consumables
The following changes shall lead to a new qualification:
— any change in consumable classifications: mechanical properties, type of covering core or flux (e.g. basic,
rutile), nominal chemical composition and increase in hydrogen content
— any significant change of mixture/composition, see Sec.4 Table 8, flow rate, filling time and filling volume
for shielding and purging gases
— change of consumable brand for:
— when impact testing for WPQT is required at temperatures below -20°C
— high heat input welding (> 50 kJ/cm)
— COD steels
— deep penetration fillet welds.
6.2.7 Welding positions
— change from one principal welding position to another, unless complying with Table 14. Welding positions
are indicated in Figure 22, Figure 23 and Figure 24.

1G (PA) F LAT
3G (P F-UP WARDS
P G-DOWNWARDS)
VERTICAL
2G (P C) HORIZONTAL -
4G PE) OVERHEAD
VERTICAL

Figure 22 Plate test positions
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Figure 23 Pipe test positions

THROAT OF WELD AXIS OF WELD
VERTICAL HORIZONTAL
AXIS OF WELD
HORIZONTAL
FLAT POSITION 1F (PA)

Note : One pla te mus t be ho rizon ta l
HORIZONTAL POSITION 2F (PB)
AXIS OF WELD VERTICAL
AXIS OF WELD
HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL POSITION 3F Note : One pla te mus t be ho rizon ta l

(PF-UPWARDS OVERHEAD POSITION 4F (PD)
PG-DOWNWARDS)

Figure 24 Positions of test plate for fillet welds
6.2.8 Type of joint
a) change from fillet weld to butt weld
b) change from butt weld to fillet weld in case of automatic welding of fillet joint with shop primer
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c) change from T-, K- or Y-joint to butt weld but not vice versa, see also Table 14 note 2)
d) change from butt joint in plates to butt joints in pipes with outside diameter less than 500 mm
e) changes outside the qualification ranges given in Table 11
Table 11 Qualified ranges for one and two-side butt welds with or without backing/gouging
Type of welded joint for test assembly Range of approval
With backing A A, C
One side
Without backing B A, B, C, D
Butt welding
With gouging C C
Both Side
Without gouging D C, D
f) any change of groove angle outside the limits given in Table 12
Table 12 Tolerances for groove angle of butt welds, based on groove angle qualified by WPQT
Groove angle β
Qualified tolerances β [°]
(°) from WPQT
β < 35 -0, +20
35≤ β < 40 Min. 35, +20
β ≥ 40 -5, +20
g) any change of root gap outside the limits given in Table 13. Different gaps and tolerances may be
approved based on adequate qualification.
Table 13 Tolerances for root gap of butt welds, based on root gap qualified by WPQT
Root gap [mm]
Backing Welding method
Standard Max. Tolerances
1)
With backing All 3 - 10 1.5 t or 16 -2, +6
Manual,
3 5 ±2
Without backing semi-automatic
Automatic 0.8 2 -0.8, +1.2
1) welding of root gap more than 1.5 t (where t is thickness of BM) or 16 mm, whichever is smaller, is considered
remedial welding. See also [1.7.3].
6.2.9 Welding condition
— any change of welding process
— any decrease in preheat temperature
— higher interpass temperature than that used in the qualification test
— deletion of post-heating (for hydrogen removal), or change in post-heating temperature. Holding time
may be adjusted as a function of thickness
— change of post weld heat treatment parameters used in the qualification test. Holding time may be
adjusted as a function of thickness
— change from multi-pass welding to one-pass welding
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— change in welding current from A.C. to D.C. or vice versa, or change in polarity. If recommended by the
welding consumable manufacturer a case-by-case exemption may be given for SMAW in change from A.C.
to D.C.
— change in metal powder or wire addition beyond ±10%
— change from manual (or semi-automatic) to fully mechanized (or fully automatic welding processes), and
vice versa, see [1.6.1]
— heat input:
— for nominal heat input ≤ 50 kJ/cm: change beyond ±25% or 55 kJ/cm maximum heat input, whichever
is smaller
— for high heat input welding (> 50 kJ/cm): the change shall not be more than +10/-25%
— for material with SMYS equal to or above 420 MPa: the change shall not be more than +10/-25%
— for deep penetration fillet welds: the change shall not be more than -0/+25%.
The heat input range shall be established at least for (1) root pass and (2) filling and cap passes.
Guidance note:
Average heat input for the relevant welding passes (root, fill, cap) is calculated based on the recorded values from the WPQT.
The qualified range (±25% or +10/-25% as relevant) is based on the calculated average value.
— change of consumable brand for processes with heat input more than 50 kJ/cm.
Table 14 Qualified principal positions for butt welds and fillet welds, steel
3)
Qualified positions
Test weld
Principle
joint Butt welds Fillet welds
1,2) positions
configuration
Plates Pipes Plates Pipes
4)
2G + 3G All - All All
1G 1G - 1F 1F
Butt welds in plates 2G 2G - 2F 1F, 2F, 4F
3G 3G - 3F 3F
4G 4G - 4F 1F, 4F
2G + 5G = 6G All All All All

1G 1G 1G 1F 1F
Butt welds in pipes
2G 2G 1G, 2G 2F 1F, 2F, 4F
5G All 1G, 5G All All
4)
2F + 3F - - All All
1F - - 1F 1F
2F - - 2F 1F, 2F, 4F
Fillet welds
3F - - 3F 3F
4F - - 4F 1F, 2F, 4F
5F - - All All
1) pipes with D > 500 mm are considered equivalent to plates (apply only to the main pipe in branch connections)
2) branch connections shall be qualified separately
3) the vertical downwards position shall be qualified separately
4) one test assembly for each principle position.
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of NV D/E47
7.1 Test requirements
7.1.1 These requirements shall be applied for all NV D/E47 with or without suffix BCA, COD or BCACOD
including those with additional suffixes, e.g. E47Z35BCACOD.
2
7.1.2 The butt weld tensile strength shall not be less than 570 N/mm . The position of fracture shall be
reported.
7.1.3 The bending mandrel diameter shall be 5 × t and the bending angle shall be minimum 180°.
7.1.4 Charpy V-notch test results shall satisfy a minimum average requirement of 64J when tested at -20°C.
7.1.5 The maximum hardness limit shall be 380 HV10.
7.1.6 The COD grades shall additionally satisfy the requirements of [8].
of all COD grades
8.1 General
These additional requirements shall be applied for WPQT of the following steel grades:
— all NV D36 and E36; grades with the suffix COD
— all NV D40 and E40; grades with the suffix COD
— all NV D47Z35COD and E47Z35COD, including those with additional suffixes, e.g. E47Z35BCACOD.
8.2 Welds in plates
8.2.1 Test assembly shall be as described in [3.2.1] and [3.2.2]. The WPQT plate thickness for CTOD test
shall be the maximum production plate thickness, if not otherwise agreed.
8.2.2 For Charpy v-notch impact toughness testing for plate thickness t > 50 mm, the following additional
notch locations shall be tested:
1) mid-thickness (t/2): WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5
2) root, provided root is not at mid-thickness: WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5.
8.2.3 CTOD testing procedure and the specimens for CTOD testing shall be in accordance with Ch.1 Sec.3
[3.10].
One set of CTOD specimens is required for each of the notch locations given below for each test assembly:
— GCHAZ
— weld metal.
CTOD testing shall be carried out at –10°C or design temperature, whichever is lower.
Minimum single CTOD value of 0.18 mm and minimum average CTOD value of 0.20 mm for notch position in
GCHAZ and weld metal shall be fulfilled. The average CTOD is calculated as average of three valid CTOD test
results.
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Provided the CTOD requirements are already qualified, e.g. during the approval of manufacturer test for the
relevant essential welding parameters, then the applicable CTOD testing need not to be repeated. For this
case, a new WPS may be prepared based on the WPQR established by manufacturer for qualification of the
COD steel. In addition to the limitations to the validity given by [6], the limitations given by [8.3] do also
apply.
Guidance note:
The required CTOD testing of the weld metal (i.e. for qualification of the welding consumables) is not commonly covered by the
approval of manufacturer test of COD grade steel. Each welding consumable type and grade from each consumable manufacturer
shall be qualified as relevant. A welding consumable qualified on one grade of COD steel may be used on COD steels from other
steel manufacturer, provided the chemical composition range of the COD steel (as specified by the steel manufacturer) comply with
the rule requirements for chemical composition of the corresponding steel grade without COD.
Essential parameters relevant for qualification of welding for COD steels may not be the same as the general essential parameters
for WPS. Parameters affecting the CTOD properties should be considered as essential in this respect, e.g. heat input is an essential
parameter for CTOD properties of HAZ, while welding method is not.
8.3 Further limitations to the range of qualification
8.3.1 The carbon equivalent shall not exceed (to be stated on the WPS):
— max. Ceq = Ceq(tested base material) + 0.03%
— max. Pcm = Pcm(tested base material) + 0.02%.
See also [6.2.2].
8.3.2 The maximum thickness qualified is 1.0 x t, where t is the thickness of the tested plate, unless
otherwise approved.
for liquefied gas systems
9.1 General
The general requirements are given in Pt.5 Ch.7 Sec.6. Other mandatory requirements, e.g. IGC code, shall
be observed in addition, if more stringent.
9.2 Welds in plates and pipes
9.2.1 Test assembly shall be as described in [3.2.1] or [3.3.1]. For butt welds in plates the test assemblies
shall be prepared so that the rolling direction is parallel to the direction of welding.
9.2.2 For carbon, carbon-manganese and low alloy steels.
From each test assembly for plates the Charpy-V-notch impact toughness test specimen locations shall be as
follows (replacing those given in [3.2.1] and [3.3.1]):
One set of Charpy V-notch test specimens (each set consists of 3 specimens) with the notch location as
follows:
— weld centerline
— fusion line
— 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm from the fusion line (HAZ).
Charpy V-notch testing shall be conducted at the temperature prescribed for the base material.
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9.2.3 For austenitic steels:
Charpy V-notch test specimens are required for design temperature below –105°C. Tests shall be carried out
at -196°C unless otherwise agreed, with notch location at weld centerline.
9.2.4 Aluminum alloys:
For welding procedure qualification of aluminum alloy for equatorial profile and skirt for spherical tanks, see
[12.2.3].
9.3.1 The butt weld tensile test shall comply with the following requirements:
— generally, the tensile strength shall not be less than the specified minimum tensile strength for the parent
material. In cases where the Society has approved the use of welding consumables which give lower
tensile strength in the weld metal than that required for the parent material, the approved value for the
welding consumable in question applies. The position of fracture shall be reported
— transverse weld tensile strength shall not be less than the actual yield strength of the parent material for
cargo containment systems, see Pt.5 Ch.7 Sec.4 [4.3.2].
9.3.2 Charpy V-notch testing shall be conducted at the temperature prescribed for the base material. When
specimens of 10 × 10 cross-section are used, the average value from 3 tests shall not be less than 27 J for
weld metal. One single test may give a value below the required average but not lower than 19 J.
For fusion line and heat affected zone the requirement for minimum average value is the same as for the
base material.
9.4 Weld production test (WPT) requirements
9.4.1 The test requirements shall comply with [9.1] and [9.2].
9.4.2 Impact testing for carbon-manganese steels, austenitic steels and nickel steels shall be conducted at
the temperature prescribed for the base material. For austenitic steels, testing are only required for design
temperature below –105°C. For welding of plates the following apply when pieces of 10 × 10 mm cross
section are used:
a) If the impact test pieces from plate materials are taken with their longitudinal axes transverse to the
main direction of rolling, the average value from 3 tests shall not be less than 27 J for weld metal,
fusion line, heat affected zone and parent material. One single test may give a value below the required
average, but not lower than 19 J.
b) If the impact test pieces from plate materials are taken with their longitudinal axes parallel with the main
direction of rolling, the average value from 3 tests for the fusion line and the heat affected zone shall not
to be less than 41 J, and for the weld metal not less than 27 J. One single test may give a value below
the required average but not lower than 29 J and 19 J respectively. For testing of thin materials where it
is impossible to use a standard test piece 10 × 10 mm, the larger of the following pieces shall be used:
10 × 7.5 mm or 10 × 5 mm.
The impact value requirements are then reduced to respectively 5/6 and 2/3 of the required values for the
standard test pieces.
For retesting, see Ch.1 Sec.2 [3.8].
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of ferritic-austenitic stainless steel (duplex)
10.1.1 Impact testing shall be as described in [3.2.8] using an impact test temperature of –20°C, or –5°C
below the design temperature whichever is lower. The average value for absorbed energy shall not be less
than 27 J. Other test requirement can be agreed for individual cases.
10.1.2 When a butt weld is made between dissimilar material grades, both sides of the weld (HAZ) shall be
impact tested.
10.1.3 For submerged parts that may be exposed to cathodic protection, the following shall apply: max. 350
HV 10 for WM and HAZ.
10.1.4 Type 25Cr duplex shall be corrosion tested according to ASTM G48 Method A. The test specimen shall
be in the as welded state after normal weld cleaning operation. The test specimens shall be exposed to the
solution at a constant temperature of 40°C for 24 hours. The test specimens shall have a dimension of full
wall thickness by 25 mm along the weld and 50 mm across the weld. The test shall expose the external and
internal surface and a cross section surface including the weld zone in full wall thickness. Cut edges shall
be prepared according to ASTM G48. The whole specimen shall be pickled before being weighed and tested.
Pickling may be performed for 5 min. at 60ºC in a solution of 20% HNO3 + 5% HF.
The following test requirements shall be fulfilled:
— there shall be no pitting at 20X magnification
2
— general weight loss shall be less than 4.0 g/m .
Guidance note:
Welds between ferritic-austenitic steels and other grades of stainless, C/Mn steels or for welds in “non-corrosive” area may not
need to be corrosion tested.
10.1.5 Duplex stainless steel types shall be microstructurally examined and the test samples shall comprise
the weld metal, heat affected zone and base metal. The microstructure shall be suitably etched and
examined at 400X to 500X magnification and shall be free from grain boundary carbides and precipitates.
The ferrite content in the weld metal root and un-reheated weld cap shall be determined in accordance with
ASTM E562 and be in the range of 30-70%.
10.2 Validity of a qualified welding procedure
Reference is made to [6] and any change in the following additional essential variables which shall lead to a
new qualification:
— variation in the heat input greater than ±15%.
DNV AS
of austenitic steel
11.1 Welds in plates and pipes
11.1.1 When welding procedure qualification tests are required, the tests shall be performed in accordance
with [3.2.1] or [3.3.1] and the supplementary requirements given below. The welding procedure qualification
tests shall cover all relevant dimensions, positions and material combinations. Details regarding essential
variables and validity of the procedure shall be as given in [6]. Mechanical testing acceptance requirements
shall be as given in [5], if not otherwise specified below.
11.1.2 Impact testing is not required for design temperatures above –105°C. For low temperature
application, see [9].
11.1.3 Hardness testing is not required.
11.1.4 Depending on the field of application or if required for the base material, additional corrosion
protection tests shall be performed within the scope of welding procedure tests, e.g. testing of resistance
against intergranular corrosion.
If impact testing is required, the testing shall be conducted at –196°C meeting an average impact energy
level of minimum 27 J.
11.3 Range of approval
11.3.1 The requirements of [6.2] apply. In addition a change to a grade of higher specified strength or
higher impact toughness requirements shall lead to a new qualification.
12 Welding procedures qualification for aluminium
12.1 General
12.1.1 Basic requirements are given in [1] General and [2] Welding procedure specification.
12.1.2 Welding consumables shall be one of those recommended in Sec.4 Table 7.
12.2 Butt welds in plates
12.2.1 Test assembly shall be as described in [3.2.1].
12.2.2 The following mechanical tests are required from each assembly:
— 2 cross-weld tensile test specimen
— 2 root and 2 face or 4 side bend specimens
— 1 macro test specimen.
For the location of test specimens, see Figure 25.
DNV AS


Figure 25 Location of test specimens for a butt weld on plate
12.2.3 For equatorial profile and skirt for spherical tanks, all weld metal tensile testing shall be carried out in
addition to the extend as required in [12.2.2].
12.2.4 Two cross-weld tensile specimens shall be taken from each of the welded assemblies. The test
specimen dimensions are given in Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.1.14].
Side bend tests shall be carried out for thickness equal to and above 12 mm. Four bend specimens shall be
taken from each of the welded assemblies. The bend test specimens shall be machined to the dimensions
given in Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.4].
12.2.5 For thickness below 12 mm two face bend and two root bend test specimens shall be taken. The
diameter of the bending mandrel shall be as given in [12.6.2].
12.2.6 One macrosection shall be prepared from the test assembly to reveal the weldment macro structure.
The macrosection shall be visually inspected using a magnification of 5X to 10X.
12.3 Butt welds in pipes
12.3.1 Test assembly shall be as described in [3.3.1].
12.3.2 The following mechanical tests are required from each assembly:
— 2 cross-weld tensile test specimen
— 2 root and 2 face or 4 side bend specimens
— 1 macro test specimen.
DNV AS


Figure 26 Location of test specimens for a butt weld in pipe
12.3.3 Two cross-weld tensile specimens shall be taken from each of the welded assemblies. The test
specimen dimensions are given in Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.1.10].
12.3.4 Side bend tests shall be carried out for thickness equal to and above 12 mm. Four bend specimens
shall be taken from each of the welded assemblies. The bend test specimens shall be machined to the
dimensions given in Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.4].
12.3.5 For thickness below 12 mm two face bend and two root bend test specimens shall be taken. The
diameter of the bending mandrel shall be as given in [12.6.2].
12.3.6 One macrosection shall be prepared from the test assembly to reveal the weldment macro structure.
The macrosection shall be visually inspected using a magnification of 5X to 10X.
12.4 Branch connections
The following mechanical tests are required from each assembly, see Figure 11:
— two macrosection tests at 12 and 6 o'clock.
12.5 Fillet welds
Test assembly shall be as described in Figure 12.
The following tests shall be performed:
— two macrosection tests. One of the macrosections shall be taken at the marked position of the stop/
restart. The macrosection shall include about 10 mm of unaffected base material and shall be prepared
and etched on one side to clearly reveal the fusion line and the HAZ
— one fracture test shall be performed by folding the upright plate onto the through plate. Evaluation shall
concentrate on cracks, porosity and pores, inclusions, lack of fusion and incomplete penetration.
DNV AS
Non-destructive testing of test assemblies:
Non-destructive testing shall be according to [4.1] for butt joints, T-, K-, and Y-joints and [4.2] for fillet
welds and partial penetration welds.
12.6 Mechanical testing
12.6.1 The tensile strength of the test specimens shall not be less than specified for the parent alloy in Table
15.
Table 15 Mechanical properties in the welded condition
Tensile strength Rm,
Alloy Temper Filler 2
minimum [N/mm ]
NV 5052 0, H111, H32, H34 5356, 5556 170
NV 5754 0, H111, H24 5356, 5183, 5556 190
NV 5154A 0, H111, H32, H34 5356, 5183, 5556 215
NV 5454 0, H111, H32, H34 5356, 5183, 5556 215
NV 5086 0, H111, H112, H116, H321, H34 5356, 5183, 5556 240
0, H111, H112; t ≤ 6 mm 5183 270

NV 5083 0, H111, H112; t > 6 mm 5356, 5183 270
H116, H321 5356, 5183 270
NV 5383 0, H111, H116, H321 5183, 5556 290
NV 5059 0, H111, H116, H321 5183 330
NV 6060 T4, T5, T6 5356, 5183, 5556 95
NV 6061 T4, T5, T6 5356, 5183, 5556 165
NV 6063 T4, T5, T6 5356, 5183, 5556 100
NV 6005A T4, T5, T6 5356, 5183, 5556 165
NV 6082 T4, T5, T6 5356, 5183, 5556 170
12.6.2 The bend test specimens shall be bent on a mandrel with maximum diameter as given in the formula
below. The bending angle shall be minimum 180°. After bending, the test specimens shall not reveal any
open defects greater than 3 mm in any direction. Smaller cracks developing from the edges of the specimens
shall not normally be considered as significant, unless there is definite evidence that they result from
inclusions or other defects. «Wrap around» bending as shown in Ch.1 is the preferred bending method.
Where:
D = maximum former diameter
ts = thickness of the bend test specimen (this includes side bends)
A = minimum tensile elongation required by the material specification (for combination between
different alloys, the lowest individual value shall be used).
DNV AS
12.6.3 The macrosections shall show a regular weld profile with smooth transitions to the base materials and
without significant or excessive reinforcement. Cracks and lack of fusion are not acceptable. The fillet weld
fracture test as well as the macro examination shall satisfy the acceptance level in ISO 10042 quality level B
except for excess weld metal or convexity, excess throat thickness and excess of penetration for which the
level C applies.
12.6.4 When a butt weld is made between two plates of different alloys the tensile strength to be obtained
on the welded assembly shall satisfy the requirements of the alloy with the lower strength.
12.6.5 If the WPQT fails to comply with any of the requirements for NDT, one extra WPQT shall be welded
and subjected to the same testing. If this additional test does not meet the relevant requirements, the actual
WPS shall be considered as not qualified and a re-specification of the WPS shall be made prior to a new
WPQT.
12.7 Range of qualification
12.7.1 The validity of approved WPS shall be as given in [6.1].
12.7.2 A qualified WPS shall be used within the ranges of the welding parameters as given below.
Base material
a) in general, significant change of material properties which will obviously affect the weldability and
mechanical properties
b) more specifically, aluminium alloys are grouped in the following categories:
1) NV 5052, NV 5754, NV 5154A, NV 5454
2) NV 5086, NV 5083, NV 5383, NV 5059
3) NV 6060, NV 6061, NV 6063, NV 6005A, NV 6082.
For each group, the qualification made on one alloy qualifies the procedure also for the other alloys within the
same group with equal or lower specified tensile strength after welding.
The qualification made on group 2) alloy, qualifies the procedure also for group 1) alloys.
A dissimilar metal joint shall be qualified by the same dissimilar combination.
Thickness
Thickness, t, is defined as follows:
a) for a butt weld: The base metal thickness, which for welds between dissimilar thicknesses is that of the
thinner material
b) for a fillet weld: The base metal thickness, which for welds between dissimilar thicknesses is that of the
thicker material. However, for each thickness range qualified, as given in Table 16 and Table 17 there is
an associated range of qualified throat thickness
c) for a set-on branch connection: The thickness of the branch pipe
d) for a set-in or set-through branch connection: The thickness of the main pipe
e) for a T-joint in plate: The thickness of the prepared plate.
The requirements for qualified thickness range for butt welds shall be as given in Table 16.
Table 16 Qualified thickness range
Thickness of test piece, t [mm] Qualification range [mm]
t ≤ 3 0.5 × t to 2 × t
3 < t ≤ 20 3 to 2 × t
DNV AS
Thickness of test piece, t [mm] Qualification range [mm]
t > 20 ≥ 0.8 × t
In addition to the requirements of Table 16, the range of qualification of the throat thickness “a” of fillet
welds is given in Table 17.
Table 17 Range of qualification for the throat thickness for plates and pipes
Throat thickness of the test piece, a [mm] Range of qualification [mm]
a < 10 0.75 × a to 1.5 × a
a ≥ 10 ≥ 7.5
Where a fillet weld is qualified by means of a butt weld test, the throat thickness range qualified shall be
based on the thickness of the deposited weld metal.
Diameter of pipes and branch connections
The qualification of a welding procedure test on diameter D qualifies diameters in the ranges given in Table
18.
Table 18 Qualified range for pipe and branch connection diameters
1)
Diameter of the test piece, D [mm] Qualification range [mm]
D ≤ 25 0.5 × D to 2 × D
D > 25 ≥ 0.5 × D and plates
1) D is the outside diameter of the pipe or outside diameter of the branch pipe
Angle of branch connections
A WPQT carried out on a branch connection with angle α shall qualify all branch connection angles in the
range of α to 90°.
Welding consumables
— any change in consumable classification
— any significant change of shielding gas mixture.
Welding positions
— change from one principal welding position to another, see Figures in [6.2], unless complying with Table
19.
Type of joint
— change from fillet weld to butt weld
— change from two sided welding to one side, but not vice versa
— deletion of back gouging
— deletion of backing
— change from butt joint in plates to butt joints in pipes with outside diameter less than 500 mm
— any change of groove dimensions specified in the WPS.
DNV AS
Welding condition
— any change of welding process
— change from spray arc to short arc or pulsed arc or vice versa
— change in heat input beyond ±25%
— any increase in preheat temperature for heat-treatable alloys when the specified preheat is above 50°C
— any decrease in preheat temperature
— higher interpass temperature than that used in the WPQT
— change of heat treatment used in the WPQT. Holding time may be adjusted as a function of thickness
— change from weaving to stringer bead technique or vice versa
— change from multi-pass welding to one-pass welding
— change in type of cleaning method (chemical or mechanical)
— change in welding current from A.C. to D.C. or vice versa, or change in polarity.
Table 19 Qualified principal positions for butt welds and fillet welds, aluminium
3)
Qualified positions
Test weld Principal
1, 2) Butt welds Fillet welds
joint configuration positions
Plates Pipes plates or pipes
1G 1G 1F
2G 1G, 2G, 3G 1F, 2F, 3F
Butt welds in plates 1G
3G 1G, 2G, 3G 1F, 2F, 3F
4G All All
1G 1G 1G 1F
Butt welds in pipes 2G 1G, 2G, 3G 2G 1F, 2F, 4F
5G All 1G, 5G All
1F 1F
2F 1F, 2F, 3F
Fillet welds 3F 1F, 2F, 3F
4F All
5F All
1) pipes with D > 500 mm are considered equivalent to plates (apply only to the main pipe in branch connections)
2) branch connections shall be qualified separately
3) the vertical downwards position shall be qualified separately.
12.8 Retesting
If the WPQT fails to comply with any of the requirements for NDT, one extra WPQT shall be welded and
subjected to the same testing. If this additional test does not meet the relevant requirements, the actual
WPS shall be considered as not qualified and a re-specification of the WPS shall be made prior to a new
WPQT.
If the result of any destructive test fails to meet the requirements, two further tests may be made from the
same welded joint if there is sufficient material available. If not, a new assembly shall be welded using the
same pWPS. If either of these additional tests do not comply with the relevant requirements, the pWPS shall
be regarded as not capable of complying with the requirements without modification.
DNV AS
13 Welding procedure qualification, copper alloys
13.1 Pipes, plates, castings and other product forms, not including propeller
castings
WPS for pipes and plates shall be qualified in accordance with ISO 15614-6 unless otherwise agreed.
13.2 Copper alloy castings for propellers
13.2.1 All weld repairs shall be carried out in accordance with qualified procedures and by welders that are
qualified to a recognized standard. Welding procedure qualification tests shall be witnessed by the Society.
General recommendations for filler metal and pre- and post-weld heat treatment of copper alloy propeller
castings are given in Table 20. The soaking times for stress relief heat treatment should be in accordance
with Table 21.
Table 20 Recommendations for welding of copper alloy propeller castings
Stress relief Hot straightening
Alloy type Description
temperature [°C] temperature [°C]
1)
Use Al-bronze or Mn-bronze filler
Mn-bronze, o
metal. Preheat to 150 C and interpass 350 - 500 500 - 800
Cu1 o
temperature not to exceed 300 C.
Use Al-bronze or Mn-Ni-bronze filler
Mn-Ni-bronze, o
metal. Preheat to 150 C and interpass 350 - 550 500 - 800
Cu2 o
temperature not to exceed 300 C.
2)
Use Al-bronze, Ni-Al-bronze or Mn-
o
Ni-Al-bronze, Al-bronze filler metal. Preheat to 100 C
450 - 500 700 - 900
Cu3 and interpass temperature not to exceed
o
250 C.
Use Mn-Al-bronze filler metal. Preheat to
Mn-Al-Bronze, o
100 C and interpass temperature not to 450 - 600 700 - 850
Cu4 o
exceed 300 C.
1) Ni-Al-Bronze and Mn-Al-Bronze acceptable
2) if Ni-Al-Bronze is used, stress relief is not required.
Table 21 Soaking times for stress relief heat treatment of copper alloy propellers
Alloy grade NV Cu1 and NV Cu2 Alloy grade NV Cu3 and NV Cu4
Stress relief
temperature [°C] Hours per 25 Max. recommended Hours per 25 Max. recommended
mm thickness total time hours mm thickness total time hours
350 5 15 - -
400 1 5 - -
450 1/2 2 5 15
500 1/4 1 1 5
1) 1)
550 1/4 1/2 1/2 2
DNV AS
Alloy grade NV Cu1 and NV Cu2 Alloy grade NV Cu3 and NV Cu4
Stress relief
temperature [°C] Hours per 25 Max. recommended Hours per 25 Max. recommended
mm thickness total time hours mm thickness total time hours
1) 1)
600 - - 1/4 1
1)
Note: 550°C and 600°C only applicable for NV Cu4 alloys.
13.2.2 For qualification of WPS, a test assembly of minimum 30 mm thickness shall be welded. See Figure
27.

Figure 27 Weld test assembly
Bend or fracture testing are at the discretion of the Society.
13.2.3 Prior to sectioning, the test assembly shall be visually inspected and liquid penetrant tested in
accordance with a recognized standard, e.g. ISO 3452, ASTM E165. In case any post-weld heat treatment is
required or specified, non-destructive testing shall be performed after heat treatment. Imperfections shall be
assessed in accordance with Table 22.
DNV AS
Table 22 Allowable number and size of indications depending on severity zones
Maximum
Maximum total Maximum number dimension of
Severity zone Indication type 1, 2)
number of indications for each type indications
[mm]
Non-linear 5 4
A 7
Linear or aligned 2 3
Non-linear 10 6
B 14
Non-linear 14 8
C 20
1) single non-linear indications less than 2 mm in zone A and less than 3 mm in other zones may be disregarded
2) the total number of non-linear indications may be increased to the maximum total number, or part thereof,
represented by the absence of linear or aligned indications.
13.2.4 Three macro-sections shall be prepared and etched on one side to clearly reveal the weld metal,
the fusion line, and the heat affected zone. The sections shall be visually inspected for any imperfections
present in the weld metal and HAZ. Inclusions or pores greater than 3 mm and cracks or lack of fusion are
not permitted.
Guidance note:
An etching medium with the following constituents is suitable for this purpose:
— 5 g ferric (III) chloride
— 30 ml hydrochloric acid
— 100 ml distilled water.
13.2.5 Two tensile test pieces shall be prepared as shown in Figure 28. The tensile strength for copper alloy
propeller castings shall meet the specified minimum values given in Table 23. The tensile strength for other
copper alloy castings shall meet the requirements for the base material. The location of fracture shall be
reported, i.e. weld metal, HAZ or base material.

Figure 28 Tensile test specimen for weld test assembly
DNV AS
Table 23 Tensile strength requirements for WPQT
2
Alloy type Tensile strength [N/mm ]
Mn-Bronze, Cu1 (brass) 370
Mn-Ni-Bronze, Cu2 (brass) 410
Ni-Al-Bronze, Cu3 (bronze) 500
Mn-Al-Bronze, Cu4 (bronze) 550
13.2.6 Retesting: if a test piece fails to comply with any of the requirements, refer to [5.8].
13.2.7 Test records: see Sec.1 Table 6.
13.2.8 Validity scope: the range of qualification related to base metal is given in Table 24.
Table 24 Range of qualification for base metal
Copper alloy grade used for qualification Range of approval
NV Cu1 NV Cu1
NV Cu2 NV Cu1, NV Cu2
NV Cu3 NV Cu3
NV Cu4 NV Cu4
Welding of the test piece with 30 mm ≤ t qualifies for the thickness range t ≥ 3 mm.
Welding position: approval for a test made in any position is restricted to that position.
Welding process: the approval is only valid for the welding process used in the welding procedure test. Single
run is not qualified by multi-run butt weld test used in this qualification.
Filler metal: the approval is only valid for the filler metal used in the welding procedure test.
Heat input: the upper limit of heat input approved is 25% greater than that used in welding the test piece.
The lower limit of heat input approved is 25% lower than that used in welding the test piece.
Preheating and interpass temperature: the minimum preheating temperature shall not be less than that
used in the qualification test. The maximum interpass temperature shall not be higher than that used in the
qualification test.
Post-weld heat treatment: the heat treatment used in the qualification test shall be specified in WPS. Soaking
time may be adjusted as a function of thickness.
Range of approval for other parameters shall follow ISO 15614-6, unless otherwise agreed with the Society.
14 Welding procedure qualification, repair welding of steel castings
14.1 General
These requirements are applicable to repair welding of steel castings, including stainless steel propeller
castings.
DNV AS
14.2 Welding procedure qualification test
14.2.1 All weld repairs shall be carried out in accordance with qualified procedures and by welders that are
qualified to a recognized standard. Welding procedure qualification tests shall be witnessed by the Society.
14.2.2 For qualification of welding procedures, a test assembly of minimum 30 mm thickness shall be
welded, see Figure 29.

Figure 29 Weld test assembly
Guidance note:
For extraction of all relevant specimens a weld length of 350 mm may be needed.
DNV AS
14.2.3 Prior to sectioning, the test assembly shall be 100% visually inspected and 100 % liquid penetrant
tested or magnetic particle tested if applicable. In case that any post-weld heat treatment is required or
specified, non-destructive testing shall be performed after heat treatment.
Imperfections shall be assessed in accordance with Ch.2 Sec.8 [4.6].
14.2.4 Two macro-sections shall be prepared and etched on one side to clearly reveal the weld metal, the
fusion line, and the heat affected zone. The sections shall be examined by eye for any imperfections present
in the weld metal and HAZ. Cracks or lack of fusion are not permitted.
Imperfections such as slag inclusions, or pores greater than 3 mm are not permitted.
14.2.5 Two flat transverse tensile test specimens shall be prepared. The tensile strength shall meet the
specified minimum value of the base material. The location of fracture shall be reported, i.e. weld metal, HAZ
or base material.
14.2.6 Two root and two face transverse side bend test specimens shall be tested. For thickness 12 mm and
over, four side bend specimens may alternatively be tested.
The mandrel diameter shall be 4 times the thickness except for austenitic steels, in which case the mandrel
diameter shall be 3 times the thickness. The bending angle shall be 180°.
After testing, the test specimens shall not reveal any open defects in any direction greater than 3 mm.
Defects appearing at the corners of a test specimen during testing shall be investigated case-by-case.
14.2.7 Where impact test is required for the base material, Charpy V-notch impact toughness test is
required in accordance with [3.2.8]. Two sets shall be taken, one set with the notch positioned in the centre
of the weld and one set with the notch positioned in the HAZ, i.e. the mid-point of the notch shall be at 1 mm
to 2 mm from the fusion line.
The test temperature and absorbed energies shall comply with the requirements for the base material.
14.2.8 The macro-section representing the start of the welding shall be used for HV 10 hardness testing.
Indentations shall traverse 2 mm below the surface. At least three individual indentations eachshall be made
in the weld metal, the HAZ (both sides) and in the base material (both sides). The values shall be reported
for information.
14.2.9 The chemical composition of the deposited metal shall be analysed and the result shall be within the
same category as the parent metal.
14.2.10 Retesting: if a test piece fails to comply with any of the requirements, see [5.8].
14.2.11 Test records: see Sec.1 Table 6.
14.3 Range of validity
14.3.1 Steel castings, not including propeller steel castings
The qualification is valid for repair welding on all thicknesses and bevel configurations.
For limitations to range of approval for material grades, heat input and welding consumables, see [6].
14.3.2 Propeller steel castings
Base metal: range of validity for cast steel propeller is limited to the steel grade tested.
Thickness: the qualification of a WPS carried out on a weld assembly of thickness t is valid for the thickness
range given in Table 25.
DNV AS
Table 25 Range of qualificaiton for thickness
Thickness of the test piece, t [mm] Range of validity
15 < t ≤ 30 3 mm to 2 t
t > 30 0.5 t to 2 t or 200 mm, whichever is the greater
Welding position: approval for a test made in any position is restricted to that position.
Welding process: the approval is only valid for the welding process used in the welding procedure test. Single
run is not qualified by multi-run butt weld test used in this qualification.
Filler metal: the approval is only valid for the filler metal used in the welding procedure test.
Heat input: the upper limit of heat input approved is 15% greater than that used in welding the test piece.
The lower limit of heat input approved is 15% lower than that used in welding the test piece.
Preheating and interpass temperature: the minimum preheating temperature shall not be less than that
used in the qualification test. The maximum interpass temperature shall not be higher than that used in the
qualification test.
Post-weld heat treatment: the heat treatment used in the qualification test shall be specified in WPS. Soaking
time may be adjusted as a function of thickness.
DNV AS
SECTION 6 FABRICATION AND TOLERANCES
1 General
1.1 Scope
This section specifies general requirements for steel structure fabrication processes, including essential
variables, which shall be maintained and controlled by the builders. The designing and dimensioning of
welded joints in the various ranges of application is additionally governed by specific requirements stated in
Pt.3 and Pt.4.
Required compliance documentation is given in Sec.1 [3.1].
Fit-up inspections Fit-up shall be checked for dimensional accuracy before
welding by the builder, in order to ensure compliance with the
weld shapes and root openings (air gaps) according to the
manufacturing documents and approved WPS. The surveyor may
request to attend on a case by case basis.
Weldability In case of doubts, the weldability of the materials shall be verified
before welding commences to the satisfaction of the surveyor.
Welding production tests (WPT) As verification of the quality of produced welds WPT may be
required by the surveyor.
Welding consumables The welding shop’s supervisors shall ensure that only welding
consumables which have been approved by the Society are being
used and shall furnish proof thereof to the surveyor on request.
DNV AS
2 Material, identification and weldability
2.1 General
2.1.1 A material identification system which ensures correct installation and traceability documentation of
the material grades shall be established.
2.1.2 Welded structures shall be fabricated using base materials of proven weldability, see Ch.2 Sec.2.
Special attention shall be paid regarding the approval of hull structural steels intended for welding with heat
input more than 50 kJ/cm. In case of doubt, the weldability of the materials shall be verified before welding
commences.
3 Shop primers
3.1 General
3.1.1 Shop primer including temporary corrosion/oxidation preventive coatings applied over areas, which will
subsequently be welded without removal of the primer/coating, shall be type approved in accordance with
DNV-CP-0109.
3.1.2 Fully mechanized fillet welding over shop primer shall be approved for each type of shop primer by a
welding procedure qualification test (WPQT), see Sec.5.
Guidance note:
Type approved shop primers are listed in the Society register of approved products and manufacturers, available on the DNV
internet site.
4 Welding environment
4.1 General
4.1.1 Welding work shall not be carried out in environmental conditions that have a detrimental effect such
as wind, damp and low temperatures.
Guidance note:
If preheating at temperature above ambient is not already required or recommended, see [5.3.8], recommendations for preheating
for welding at low temperatures are given in IACS Rec. No. 47, Table 6.12.
4.1.2 The grooves shall be clean and dry at all time of welding.
4.1.3 Preheating temperature, whenever required, shall in any case be within the limit of essential variables,
see [5.3.8].
4.1.4 The welding interpass temperature shall not drop below the minimum required preheating temperature
and shall not exceed the maximum qualified interpass temperature.
DNV AS
4.1.5 During the entire construction period, suitable measures shall be taken in transport, storage and
fabrication to keep the surface of stainless steels and aluminium alloys free from impurities and extraneous
metallic inclusions.
Guidance note:
Prefabrication and welding of stainless steels and aluminium alloys, should be performed in a workshop, or parts thereof, which is
reserved exclusively for these types of materials.
5 Cutting, forming, assembly and welding
5.1 Cutting
5.1.1 Cut edges shall be accurate and uniform in order to provide a shape compatible with the weld joint
design.
5.1.2 Deviation of cut edges shall generally be within the standard specified by IACS Rec. No.47 Shipbuilding
and Repair Quality Standard Part A.
5.1.3 Attention shall be paid to avoid excessive local hardening and carbon contaminations by thermal
cutting.
Guidance note:
For extra high strength materials with SMYS above 500 MPa and with thickness more than 50 mm it is recommended to do
preheating before flame cutting, with a preheating temperature according to the recommendations given by the manufacturer
(steel mill). Further, it is recommended to examine the flame cut surface 100% by MT.
5.1.4 The effect of work hardening and risk of cracked edges shall be considered if shearing is used for
cutting of material.
5.1.5 Correction by welding as compensation for improper cutting shall be in accordance with procedures for
repairs.
5.2 Forming
5.2.1 Forming and straightening of materials shall be performed according to procedures which outline the
succession of the controlled steps.
5.2.2 Requirements for cold forming of hull structural steels, e.g. minimum steel grade toughness
requirements (D/DH), and maximum theoretical deformation (5%, 10% and 20%, as specified), are given in
Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.7]. Requirements for pipe bending are given in Pt.4 Ch.6 Sec.10 [3].
Cold forming of extra high strength steel is limited to 5% for material strength grades up to NV 690 unless
otherwise agreed and qualified.
Maximum cold forming ratio of material strength grades NV 890 and NV 960 shall be agreed.
Guidance note:
Qualification by adequate testing is advised, e.g. tensile test and impact tests of representatively strained and strain aged material.
Weldability test may be considered.
5.2.3 Cold forming with theoretical deformation exceeding the limits given in Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.7] may
be accepted for material strength grades up to NV 690 subject to additional testing of representatively cold
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formed material , e.g. strain age testing. The strain age test method is described in Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.9], and
acceptance criteria for the tests are given in Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.7]. Unless otherwise agreed, each cast
represented shall be tested.
Cold forming to an inside bending radius of less than 2 times the plate thickness shall in no case be carried
out, unless specially approved.
Guidance note:
In addition to representative cold forming, in this context "representative material" means at least same material grade, with
similar chemical composition and mechanical properties, and from one steel manufacturer. For destructive testing, the following
should be tested as a minimum; impact toughness tests of representatively strained material and strain aged material. Test
temperature should be the same as required for the base material.
Where certified elongation for the material to be cold formed, minus calculated theoretical deformation gives a value lower than
9%, tensile test of strained material is advised. Measured residual elongation should be more than 10%.
5.2.4 Cold forming to a theoretical deformation exceeding the limits given in [5.2.3] may be pre-qualified by
the manufacturer. The pre-qualification is subject to special consideration and with agreed additional process
and testing requirements.
5.2.5 If welding is applied in areas cold formed to more than the limits given in [5.2.2], special consideration
shall be taken with respect to material properties and subsequent cracking, e.g. by additional inspection and
NDT.
5.2.6 The theoretical plastic deformation є (%) shall be calculated by the following simplified formulas:
Single-curvature deformation
Cold rolling or pressing of plates to cylindrical forms:
(1)
Cold bending of straight pipes to bends:
(2)
Double curvature deformation
Forming of plates to spheres:
(3)
where:
D = outside diameter of pipe of vessel, mm
є = theoretical plastic deformation, %
Rc = forming radius (inner radius of bend), mm
t = material thickness, mm
v = Poisson’s ratio (0.5 for plastic condition).
5.2.7 Forming of steels at high temperatures shall be effectuated with due regard to adverse effects of
the material’s properties. Forming of steels above 650°C shall be subject to agreement with the Society,
considering steel manufacturer’s recommendation.
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5.2.8 Welds shall not be significantly cold formed.
Guidance note:
Cold forming in excess of 2.5% would typically be considered significant.
Approval may be given on a case by case basis where pre-qualification tests may be required depending on the deformation rate,
the material and welding consumable properties.
5.3 Assembly and welding
5.3.1 Members to be welded shall be brought into correct alignment and held in position by clamps, tack
welds, or other suitable devices. Structures or components shall not be subjected to any appreciable
movements or vibration during welding.
5.3.2 Parts to be assembled while suspended from cranes or floating shall be clamped prior to tack-welding
of the joints, in such a way that no relative movement of the parts is possible. Components which have not
been fully welded and which shall be handled or turned shall have welded joints of adequate strength.
5.3.3 Fit-up shall be checked for dimensional accuracy before welding, in order to ensure compliance with
the weld shapes and root openings (air gaps) according to the manufacturing documents and approved WPS.
The standard range and limit range as defined in IACS Rec.No.47 shall be met in regular work under normal
circumstances.
Special attention shall be paid to the alignment of structural members where visual inspection is not possible.
5.3.4 If the permitted size of the gap is exceeded locally over a limited area, remedial work shall be carried
out within the limitations specified in IACS Rec. No.47.
5.3.5 Surfaces to be welded shall be free from mill scale, slag, rust, paint or other contaminating substances.
For overweldable shop primers, see [3].
Guidance note:
Internal defects, e.g. inclusions making the steel plate prone to lamination, may to some extent be considered consistent with
method of manufacture, unless Z-grade steels are specified. Purchasers should specify additional requirements for the internal
quality (e.g. ultrasonic testing) where this is critical for the intended application.
5.3.6 Grooves produced by gouging shall be followed by grinding removing carbonized material.
5.3.7 All welding, including tack welding, seal welding, welding of lifting lugs and attachment welds as well
as repair welding, shall be performed within the limits of essential variables of the qualified WPS.
5.3.8 The need and the degree of preheating necessary for welding are governed by a series of factors
(see guidance note). If preheating is necessary for welding it shall be applied in accordance with agreed
preheating procedures. Special attention shall be paid to temperature control during the welding process
such that the preheat temperature is kept uniformly in affected part of the welded object.
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Guidance note:
Normal strength steels may require preheating depending on the plate thicknesses and the degree of joint restraint.
Preheating is normally required for welding of high and extra high strength steels depending on:
— plate thickness
— the chemical composition of the parent material and weld metal
— the hydrogen content of the weld metal
— heat input during welding
— the temperature of the welded object
— the stress level (incl. the joint restraint condition)
— post heating may additionally be required for extra high strength steels.
5.3.9 The welding sequence shall be such that the amount of shrinkage, distortions and residual stresses are
minimised.
Guidance note:
Welding should be performed in the optimum welding position. Positional welding (e.g. in the overhead positions) should be limited
to the indispensable minimum.
Vertical down fillet welding should not be used:
— for joining together continuous primary supporting members interrupted by transverse members (e.g. the longitudinal
members of the upper and lower girder); the same applies where transverse loads predominate
— for mainly dynamically loaded welded joints (e.g. in the area of engine base plates, shaft, brackets and rudders)
— on crane components and other lifting gear including their substructures (e.g. crane pillars)
— at intersections of main girders and in the area of the supports or stoppers of hatchway covers.
5.3.10 Welds shall be terminated in a manner such that all welds are sound and without end craters. Run-
in and run-off plates shall be used, where practicable. They shall be removed upon completion and cooling of
the weld. Cut welds shall be made smooth and flush with the edges of the abutting parts.
5.3.11 Tack welding shall, when integrated in production weld, be carried out in accordance with approved
WPS specifying the applied minimum welding length.
5.3.12 Tack welds, if retained as part of the welding process, shall be free from defects and provide
adequate conditions for pass welding. Cracked tack welds shall not be welded over.
5.3.13 Clamping plates, temporary ties and aligning pins shall be made from a material of similar
composition and should not be used more than necessary. Any damage caused during removal shall be
competently repaired.
5.3.14 For welding of stainless steels and where reduced corrosion resistance would be detrimental for
the intended use, the root and cap side shall be sufficiently protected by shielding gas in order to avoid
detrimental oxidation (tinting). Alternatively, the detrimental oxides may be removed by pickling and
passivation.
Guidance note:
Oxygen content of the backing gas may typically be not more than 50 ppm in order to avoid excessive oxidation. Color maps for
evaluation of high temperature discoloration/tinting on stainless steels are found in some standards, e.g. AWS D18.2 and NORSOK-
M601.
5.3.15 The welding consumables (including flux, backing, welding gas, etc.) shall enable a welded joint to be
made which is suited to the base material and the operating conditions.
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5.3.16 Storage and handling of welding consumables shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations, and in accordance with procedures giving details regarding conditions in storage rooms,
temperature in storage ovens and quivers, length of exposure and conditions.
5.3.17 Consumables which have been contaminated by moisture, rust, oil, grease, dirt or other deleterious
matters, shall be discarded unless properly reconditioned.
5.3.18 Recycling of fluxes for SAW shall be performed in a manner that ensures a mixture of new and used
flux with continually homogenous properties.
5.3.19 The welding shop’s supervisors shall ensure that only welding consumables which have been
approved by the Society are used. Proof thereof shall be furnished to the surveyor on request. Welding
consumables specified in an approved welding procedure can only be replaced by equivalent consumables
approved by the Society with an appropriate quality grade. Further details are given in Sec.5.
5.3.20 Additional requirements applicable for NV D/E47COD, BCA and BCACOD steels:
— Wherever possible, multi-pass welding shall be applied.
— Tack welds shall have a length not less than 50 mm. For steel with Pcm ≤ 0.19, tack welds with length not
less than 25 mm may be accepted subject to qualification and approval.
— Preheating shall be 50°C or over when air temperature is 5°C or below. For steel with Pcm less than or
equal to 0.19 and subject to qualification and approval, air temperature below 5°C may be accepted. The
preheating temperature shall be measured at a distance of 75 mm from the edges of the groove at the
opposite side of the heating source, or as close as possible to this position. When preheating is required,
the temperature shall be strictly controlled.
Guidance note:
For the required preheating, electric heating elements are considered adequate in order to give sufficient temperature control.
When preheating is not strictly required by the rules, and air temperature below 5°C is accepted without preheating, drying
out using a properly designed gas torch should be considered. Cutting torch is considered not suitable for drying out. For repair
welding, preheating temperature should be increased 50°C above minimum specified preheating temperature given by the
WPS.
— Special care shall be paid to the final welding so that harmful defects do not remain. Jig mountings shall
be completely removed and absence of defects in former JIG welds areas shall be verified by MT. If there
are defects present after JIG removal, means for correction shall be accepted by the Society.
— Welding procedures (WPS) shall be qualified through welding procedure qualification test (WPQT) as
described in Sec.5 [7] for BCA steels and Sec.5 [8] for COD and BCACOD steels.
— Verification of the WPS during welding shall be carried out and recorded.
— Gouging shall be followed by grinding to remove any carburised layer. The surveyor may require proof of
satisfactory performance of gouging and grinding.
— Arc strikes shall be repaired by mechanical removal of affected base material followed by magnetic
particle testing (MT) in order to verify absence of cracks.
5.3.21 When required by the rules or otherwise deemed necessary by the Society, WPT shall be made during
fabrication of welds to verify that the produced welds are of acceptable quality.
Specific WPT requirements for liquefied gas systems are given in Sec.5 [9.4].
5.3.22 Additional requirements for welds credited as deep penetration fillet welds according to Pt.3 Ch.13
Sec.1 [2.5.9]: WPT shall be made during fabrication of welds at regular intervals to verify that the produced
welds have sufficient penetration depth. Extent of WPT shall be agreed with the Society and be based on
the welding method, automatization, builders experience and builders quality control measures to ensure
compliance.
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6 Heat treatment
6.1 General
6.1.1 Furnace heat treatment shall be carried out in properly constructed furnaces which are efficiently
maintained and have adequate means for control and recording of temperature. The furnace dimensions shall
be such as to allow the material to be uniformly heated to the specified temperature.
6.1.2 Heat treatment workshops shall be approved by the Society, see Ch.1 Sec.1 Table 4 and Ch.1 Sec.2
[2].
6.1.3 Specific requirements for localized heat treatments like preheating and post-weld heat treatment
(PWHT) are specified in [5.3.8], [5.3.20] and [6.2].
6.2 Post weld heat treatment
6.2.1 PWHT of C-Mn steels shall, when applied, be performed in accordance with a procedure specification
giving at least the following:
— heating and cooling rates
— temperature gradients
— soaking temperature range and minimum holding time
— heating facilities
— insulation
— control devices
— recording equipment
— configuration of structure to be post-weld heat treated or details if local PWHT shall be carried out.
Heat treatment records shall be kept throughout the heat treatment process.
6.2.2 Heat treatment shall be performed at a soaking temperature in the range 550°C to 620°C, for a
time of at least two minutes per mm thickness. Soaking temperature and time shall be selected considering
recommendations for the welding consumables and steel grade in question. Soaking temperature for QT
steels shall be decided in each case. The maximum PWHT temperature for QT low alloy steels shall be
30°C less than the tempering temperature of the material as stated in the material certificate. If the PWHT
temperature exceeds this limit, the effect on the mechanical properties shall be demonstrated. PWHT shall,
unless otherwise agreed, be qualified through the WPQT, see Sec.5.
6.2.3 The temperature difference between the outside and the inside surface during soaking shall if
practically possible to measure, not exceed 30°C within the heated area. Double-sided heating shall be
applied as far as possible.
6.2.4 Heating, soaking and cooling shall be carried out in a controlled manner that prevents cracking or
distortions outside the dimensional tolerances. The temperature difference along lines or planes of symmetry
shall not exceed 30°C when the material temperature is above 300°C.
6.2.5 The heat-treatment cycle and the actual metal temperature shall be recorded using thermocouples
equally spaced externally, and whenever possible internally, throughout the heated region. The heat
treatment temperature cycle charts shall be available for verification if requested.
6.2.6 Heat treatment, wherever possible, should be carried out in an enclosing furnace according to written
procedures agreed upon. The temperature distribution throughout heating furnaces shall be controlled
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within ± 15°C. Where it is impractical to heat-treat the part in a closed furnace, local heat treatment may be
adopted.
7 Remedial
7.1 General
7.1.1 Guidance to general welding repair work is given in IACS Rec. No.47 Shipbuilding and Repair Quality
Standard Part A.
7.1.2 Defects in welds may be repaired by grinding or machining and/or followed by welding. In order to
verify complete removal of defects, affected areas shall be examined with suitable NDT methods.
7.2 Repair welding
7.2.1 Repairs by welding shall be carried out in accordance with approved WPS. Mechanical properties shall
satisfy the minimum specified properties of the material in question.
7.2.2 Repair welding in the same area shall not be carried out more than twice. Further repairs shall be
subject to agreement with the Society.
7.2.3 Defects shall be completely removed before necessary repairs are carried out. Repairs with arc-air
gouging shall be followed by grinding.
7.2.4 Repair welding of post-weld heat-treated joints shall unless otherwise agreed initiate a new heat
treatment.
7.2.5 All weld repairs shall at least be re-inspected with the same NDT methods as originally applied, see
also Sec.7 [6.2].
7.3 Flame straightening
7.3.1 Members distorted by welding may be straightened by mechanical means or by a limited amount of
localized heat.
Flame straightening shall be done in accordance with an agreed procedure.
7.3.2 Corrective measures relating to flame straightening shall be carried out with due regard to possible
degradation of the material properties on the surface for normal and high strength hull structural steels.
See IACS Rec. No.47 Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard Part A Table 6.5, regarding maximum
temperature on the surface.
8 Inspection, survey and tolerances
8.1 General
8.1.1 Inspection shall be carried out in accordance with inspection and test plans, to confirm that work is
carried out in accordance with established project procedures and plans, such that all project requirements
are complied with to the satisfaction of the Society. Reference is given to IACS UR Z23 regarding the survey
of hull structure.
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8.1.2 Due consideration shall be given to the access and time required for adequate inspection and survey
during fabrication.
8.1.3 High non-conformance rates in execution of the work or in the product itself shall call for special
considerations in agreement with the Society. Such special considerations may include increased inspection
by the builder, increased surveys by the Society, re-qualification of personnel and other agreed remedial
actions.
8.2 Alignment and straightness
8.2.1 Allowable acceptable alignment shall be established depending on the criticality of the design. Special
requirements related to special type and service are given in Pt.5.
8.2.2 Unless otherwise agreed, fabrication tolerances shall be in compliance with IACS Rec. No.47
Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard, Part A.
8.3 Weld production test requirements
8.3.1 The Society may require WPTs to be carried out. The extent and type of testing shall be agreed with
the Society.
8.3.2 When WPTs are required the test assembly and test requirements shall comply with relevant
requirements of Sec.5.
8.3.3 If the achieved test results do not comply with the requirements of Sec.5, the results shall be
submitted for consideration. The WPT may be accepted subject to acceptable results from additional test
prescribed by the Society.
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SECTION 7 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WELDS
1 General
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This section provides requirements for the builder or its sub-supplier quality control of ship hull welds
in the newbuilding phase.
The section contains requirements for:
— the application of non-destructive testing (NDT) activities
— the application and the competence and control needed to perform non-destructive testing (NDT) service
and activities
— NDT methods, extent of testing, acceptance criteria and procedures
— the NDT suppliers, further detailed in [1.2].
Guidance note:
For NDT activities it is recommended that the builder or its sub-supplier may be approved according to DNV-CP-0640.
1.1.2 Additional requirements for extent of testing and acceptance criteria are given in Pt.5 for the relevant
ship types.
1.1.3 Requirements for other structures, equipment and components, not covered by this paragraph are
given by the applicable design rules, e.g. Pt.4 for machinery, piping and pressure vessels, Pt.6 for additional
class notations, and Ch.2 for manufacturing of materials.
The NDT supplier shall document the ability and competence to perform the specified services.
The documents listed in Table 1 shall be available.
Table 1 Document requirements for NDT suppliers
Related to Documents to be covered
Organisation An outline of supplier's organisation and management structure, including any subsidiaries.
Quality manual Information on the structure of the supplier's quality management system.
Documented procedures covering the requirements given in Table 2.
Personnel A written practice developed in accordance with a recognised standard or recommended practice
(i.e. ASNT's SNT-TC-1A, 2016, ANSI/ASNT CP-189, 2016 or similar in case of in-house certification
of person's scheme).
A list of training- and follow-up programmes for NDT operators, including practical training on
different ship and offshore products.
A procedure for supervisor's authorisation of NDT operators.
A list of experience of the supplier in the specific service area.
A list of documented training and experience for NDT operators within the relevant service area,
including qualifications and third-party certification per ISO 9712:2012 (or later version) based
certification schemes.
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Related to Documents to be covered
Equipment A description of equipment(s) used for the services performed.
A guidance document for NDT operators to use equipment mentioned above.
Inspection An operational work procedures for each NDT method, including selection of the NDT technique.
Record formats for recording results of the services referred to.
Others Information on other activities which may present a conflict of interest.
Record of customer claims and corrective actions.
A list of any legal proceedings against the company in the past/currently in the courts of law.
The documented quality management system shall, as minimum, cover the content as defined in Table 2.
Table 2 Minimum quality manual requirements for NDT suppliers
Content Topics
Document control — preparation of documents
— issuance of documents
— maintenance of documents
— storing time of records
— periodic review of documents.
Equipment — maintenance and calibration of equipment.
management
Work procedures — all tasks and operations
— NDT methods
— NDT techniques
— accessibility to documents and procedures.
Maintenance of — qualification, (re-) validation and (re-) certification
NDT personnel — training activities
records
— yearly visual acuity.
Compliance, — records of internal audits
traceability and — supervision and verification of operation to ensure compliance with the NDT procedure
auditability
— an order reference system where each engagement is traceable to when, who and where the
test was carried out.
Quality — corrective and preventive action
management — feedback and continuous improvement (including subsidiaries).
External — accessibility to required codes, standards, specifications and procedures shall be provided.
documents
Code of conduct — a code of conduct for the supplier's activities, especially the NDT activities shall be available.
Documentation requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.2]. Additional documentation requirements are given in
DNV-CG-0051.
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are given in Table 3.
NDT inspections NDT reports shall be signed by the NDT operator performing the testing.
NDT supervisor(s)/operators (except The testing operators and supervisors shall be certified according to a third
for VT inspectors) party certification scheme based on ISO 9712:2012 (or later version) or ASNT
central certification programme (ACCP). SNT-TC-1A according to ANSI/ASNT
CP-189:2016 (or later versions) may be accepted if the NDT company`s written
practice is reviewed and accepted by the verfier. The surveyor shall be furnished
with proof thereof if he/she so requests.
The supervisor(s) / level 3 shall:
— be involved in review and acceptance of NDT procedures and NDT reports
— be involved in calibration of NDT equipment and tools
— do annual re-evaluation of the operators qualifications
— be responsible for developing, verifying and/or approving the NDT procedures
in use and make sure these procedures are in compliance with the rules.
VT inspectors Visual testing shall be carried out by the builder’s qualified personnel before any
other NDT is applied, and meet the requirements given herein.
1.5 Basic requirements
1.5.1 The rules are based on the following conditions:
Weld joint types
The following main weld joints are covered, see the figures in Sec.5:
— butt joints
— T-joints (with and without full penetration)
— fillet welds.
Types of imperfections
The main types of imperfections in fusion welding are given in EN ISO 6520-1 Welding and Allied Processes –
Classification of Geometric Imperfections in Metallic materials - Part 1: Fusion Welding.
Testing methods
For detection of surface imperfections the following methods applies:
— visual testing (VT)
— magnetic particle testing (MT)
— penetrant testing (PT).
For detection of sub-surface imperfections the following methods applies:
— ultrasonic testing (UT)
— radiographic testing (RT).
For the choice of applicable test methods, see DNV-CG-0051.
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1.5.2 The test method selected shall in a reliable way be capable of detecting external and/or internal
defects present. Where necessary, this shall be achieved by using two or more test methods in combination.
The particular test method(s) to be used shall be stated in the inspection plan.
1.5.3 Preparation and cleaning of welds for subsequent NDT shall be in accordance with the approved NDT
procedures.
1.5.4 When heat treatment is performed, the final NDT shall be carried out when all heat treatments have
been completed.
1.5.5 Final NDT of a weld shall not be commenced until the minimum delay time after welding as given in
Table 4.
Table 4 Delay time requirements
1) 2)
Material grade Minimum delay time after welding [h]
NV 420 up to NV 690 48
NV 690 and higher 72
1)
A longer interval and/or additional random inspection at a later period may be required.
2)
The 72-hour interval may be reduced to 48 hours for radiographic testing (RT, RT-D, RT-S, RT-CR) or ultrasonic testing
(UT, PAUT, TOFD) inspection, provided there is no indication of delayed cracking, and a complete visual and random
magnetic particle (MT) or penetrant testing (PT) inspection to the satisfaction of the Society is conducted 72 hours after
welds have been completed and cooled to ambient temperature.
1.5.6 Regardless of yield strength, a delayed inspection may be required where evidence of delayed cracking
has been observed in production welds.
1.5.7 The requirement for the delay period after post weld heat treatment may be relaxed, subject to
agreement with the Society.
2 Non-destructive testing procedures and reports
2.1 General
2.1.1 NDT shall be performed in accordance with related procedures approved by the Society. The
procedures shall be in accordance with DNV-CG-0051. Other recognised standards may be accepted based on
case-by-case approval.
The NDT supplier shall produce the written procedures for the NDT applied. The procedures shall be verified
by the NDT supplier's level 3 before submission for approval. The NDT procedures shall define all relevant
information relating to the inspection, including defect evaluation against acceptance criteria in accordance
with the relevant rules.
NDT procedures for advanced NDT (e.g. RT-D, PAUT and TOFD) shall be qualified through procedure
qualification test before being approved, see [2.7].
2.1.2 Unless otherwise agreed, NDT reports shall be signed by the NDT operator performing the testing.
2.1.3 Particular requirements and details listed in the report shall be in accordance with the approved NDT
procedures.
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2.2 Visual testing
2.2.1 Unless otherwise agreed, VT shall be completed before other NDT methods are applied.
2.3 Magnetic particle testing
2.3.1 Where possible, both sides of the welds shall be tested. Magnetic particle testing (MT) shall be applied
for welds in ferro-magnetic materials if not otherwise agreed.
2.4 Radiographic testing
2.4.1 For radiographic testing, X-ray source shall be used whenever possible. Gamma-ray sources may
be used when qualified through examination by the Society. Radiographic testing (RT) may be replaced by
ultrasonic testing and vice versa, when justifiable and in agreement with the Society.
2.4.2 Processing and storage shall be such that the radiographs maintain their quality throughout the agreed
storage time. The radiographs shall be free from imperfections due to processing.
2.4.3 Imperfections suspected to be planar and discovered by RT shall be type determined, located and sized
by UT.
2.5 Ultrasonic testing
2.5.1 Ultrasonic testing (UT) shall not be carried out on welds with thickness < 10 mm unless qualified and
accepted down to and including 8 mm.
2.6 Penetrant testing
2.6.1 Where possible, both sides of the welds shall be tested. Penetrant testing (PT) shall only be applied for
welds in non-ferromagnetic materials if not otherwise agreed.
2.7 Advanced NDT
2.7.1 Technique and procedure qualification for ANDT shall be in accordance with DNV-CG-0051. The
demonstration process onsite shall be witnessed by the Society.
3 Personnel qualifications
3.1 General
3.1.1 Except for VT, all NDT testing shall be carried out by qualified and certified personnel. The NDT
operators and supervisors shall be certified according to a third party certification scheme based on ISO
9712:2012 (or later version). Alternatively, personnel qualification to an employer based qualification
scheme as e.g. ASNT central certification program (ACCP). SNT-TC-1A, 2016 or ANSI/ASNT CP-189, 2016
may be accepted if the NDT company's supplier's written practice is reviewed and found acceptable by the
Society. The NDT supplier’s written practice shall as a minimum, except for the impartiality requirements of a
certification body and/or authorised body, comply with ISO 9712:2012.
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3.1.2 The supervisors' and operators' certificates and competence shall comprise all industrial sectors and
techniques being applied by the NDT supplier.
3.1.3 VT shall be carried out by qualified personnel. The qualifications shall be documented by the builder.
3.1.4 Level 3 personnel shall be certified by an accredited certification body.
3.2 NDT operators
The operator carrying out the NDT and interpreting indications (except for VT), shall as a minimum, be
qualified and certified to level 2 in the NDT method(s) and industrial sector concerned as described in Sec.2
[3.1.1]. See further details in DNV-CG-0051. However, operators only undertaking the gathering of data
using any NDT method and not performing data interpretation or data analysis may be qualified and certified
as appropriate, at level 1.
The operator shall have adequate knowledge of materials, weld, structures or components, NDT equipment
and limitations that are sufficient to apply the relevant NDT method for each application appropriately.
3.3 NDT supervisors
The supervisor shall be available for scheduling and monitoring the performed NDT. The supervisor shall
be available for developing, verifying and/or approving the NDT procedures in use and make sure these
procedures are in compliance with the applicable rules and standards. NDT supervisors shall, unless
otherwise agreed, be certified Level 3 in the testing method and industrial sector concerned.
The supplier shall have a supervisor or supervisors, who is responsible for the appropriate execution of
NDT operations and for the professional standard of the operators and their equipment, including the
professional administration of the working procedures. The supplier shall employ, on a full-time basis, at
least one supervisor independently certified to level 3 in the method(s) concerned as per the requirements
of item Sec.2 [3.1]. It is not permissible to appoint level 3 personnel, they shall be certified by an accredited
certification body. It is recognised that a supplier may not directly employ a level 3 in all the stated methods
practised. In such cases, it is permissible to employ an external, independently certified, level 3 in those
methods not held by the full-time level 3(s) of the supplier.
The supervisor shall be involved in review and acceptance of NDT procedures, NDT reports, calibration of
NDT equipment and tools. The supervisor shall on behalf of the supplier re-evaluate the qualification of the
operators annually.
Guidance note:
Welding supervisors with tasks and responsibilities for welding inspection according to ISO 14731 may be recognized in way of
the DNV welding workshop approval also as supervisors for NDT based on additional NDT training and qualification. Personnel
qualifications shall be verified by certification.
4 NDT equipment
4.1 General
The supplier shall maintain records of the NDT equipment used and detail information related to
maintenance, calibration and verification activities. If the supplier hires equipment, such equipment shall
have updated calibration records, and the operators shall be familiar with the specific equipment type prior
to using it. Under any circumstance, the supplier shall possess sufficient equipment to carry out the services
being a part of the NDT scope required by the Society.
Where the equipment is of unique nature, the NDT operators shall be trained by competent personnel in the
operation and use of the equipment before carrying out NDT using this equipment.
DNV AS
5 Extent of non-destructive testing
5.1 General
5.1.1 The extent of testing will depend on the type of vessel and the location of the joints.
5.1.2 The basic requirements for all vessel types are that all welds are subject to 100% visual testing carried
out by the builder’s qualified personnel before any other NDT is applied. In addition, welds shall be subjected
to testing with other test methods as given in the Table 5 below.
The extent may be extended further depending on quality of welds and failure rate, see [6.2.2].
The Society reserves the right to alter the test positions and/or to extend the scope of NDT against the NDT
plan in case of doubts about proper workmanship.
5.1.3 The locations and areas to be examined shall be incorporated into the NDT plan. The NDT plan shall
clearly identify the critical areas as defined in [5.1.4] including longitudinal structural members of container
ships belonging to the upper hull and built with NV 36, NV 40 or NV 47 material.
Table 5 Minimum non-destructive testing extend (in % of weld seam length) for structural welds
Testing method
Area Type of connection
1) 2)
MT/PT [%] RT/UT [%]
All ship types
Butt welds and T-joints, full penetration 2 2
General areas T-joints, partial penetration 2 -
Fillet welds - -
Deck/bottom plating
T-joints, partial penetration 5 -
within 0.4L amidship
Fillet welds - -
Critical areas T-joints, partial penetration 20 -
Fillet welds 20 -
Additional for container ships
All block-to-block butt joints of all
upper hull longitudinal structural 3)
100 100
members including attached
5)
Upper hull longitudinal stiffeners
longitudinal structural
members of container Transversely or vertically orientated
ships with leading weld joints (partial and full penetration 20 --
8)
plate thickness of 50 butt joints, T-joint and fillet welds)
< t ≤ 100 mm made Longitudinally orientated weld joints in
7)
of NV 40 or NV 47 the vicinity of the block-to-block joints 20 --
or 85 < t ≤ 100 mm (approx. 250 mm)
8)
4) 6)
made of NV 36
Transversely or vertically orientated
3)
full penetration weld joints (plate butt -- 20
8)
welds)
DNV AS
1) Only MT shall be applied for ferro magnetic materials. Duplex is not regarded as ferro magnetic material in this
respect.
2) RT shall not be applied for T-joints.
3) Only UT shall be performed.
4) The extent of additional NDT depends on the steel strength group, the thickness and the selected measure for
prevention of brittle crack initiation. Details of the prescribed NDT methods are given in Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10 Table 1,
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10 [2.2.1] and Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10 [2.2.5]. Upper hull longitudinal structural members are defined in
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10 Figure 1
5) NDT method and scope shall be applied for structure shown in Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10 Figure 1.
6) The leading plate is defined as the thicker plate of the hatch side and horizontal coaming structure.
7) NDT requirements for attachments on hatch coaming top plate are given in Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10 [3.2.4] d).
8) This scope applies for the full length of the coaming structure. For the remaining upper hull longitudinal structural
members it applies within 0.4L amidships.
DNV AS
5.1.4 The different areas in Table 5 are defined as follow:
Upper hull longitudinal structural members in container ships
— areas as given in Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10.
Critical areas
Areas in way of critical load transfer points and large stress concentrations where a failure will endanger the
safety of the vessel, such as:
— stress concentrations in rudders or intersection between rudder structure and hull
— for twin hull vessels stress concentrations in way of connections between hull and wet deck
— deck beams in open hatch container ships
— strength deck plating at outboard corners of cargo hatch openings in container carriers and other vessels
with similar hatch opening configuration
— other areas where the likelihood of occurrence of detrimental defects is considered to be extra high.
Guidance note:
Areas to be considered for classification under this item are:
— welds produced by welding methods which the yard has little or no user experience
— welds produced by high heat input (> 50 kJ/cm) welding methods
— welds in large thickness (> 50 mm).
Deck and bottom plating within 0.4 L amidship:
— sheer strake at strength deck
— stringer plate in strength deck
— deck strake at longitudinal bulkhead
— strength deck plating at corners of cargo hatch openings in bulk carriers, ore carriers, combination
carriers and other vessels with similar hatch opening configuration
— bilge strake
— longitudinal hatch coamings of length greater than 0.15 L
— end brackets and deck house transition of longitudinal cargo hatch coamings
— all watertight bulkheads independent of location.
Guidance note:
For vessels with no clearly defined strength deck e.g. cruise ships, the above extents shall be applied to the decks contributing
most to the hull strength.
General areas
Areas not mentioned above.
5.1.5 NDT shall cover start and stop points of automatically welded seams, except for internal stiffeners
where the extent of testing shall be agreed with the Society. Extent is as given in Table 5.
6 Acceptance criteria for non-destructive testing
6.1 General
6.1.1 All welds shall show evidence of good workmanship. For NDT acceptance criteria Table 6 applies.
DNV AS
Table 6 Acceptance criteria for non-destructive testing
7)
Testing method Symbol All vessels Container vessels
1, 2)
IACS Rec. 47
Visual testing VT
2)
ISO 5817 level C ISO 5817 level B
3) 5)
Magnetic particle testing MT ISO 23278 level 2x
3) 5)
Penetrant testing PT ISO 23277 level 2x
3) 2), 5) 5)
Radiographic testing RT ISO 10675 level 2 ISO 10675 level 1
4) 3) 2), 5) 5), 6)
Ultrasonic testing UT ISO 11666 level 3 ISO 11666 level 2
1) IACS Rec. No.47 may be applied for imperfections in finished welds. Alternatively, and for all other imperfections not
defined in IACS Rec. No.47, ISO 5817 level B or C applies
2) the Society may require higher acceptance criteria e.g. ISO 5817 level B for critical areas, and deck and bottom
plating within 0.4 L amidships
3) regarding use of ISO 5817 and quality level for RT, UT, MT and PT, correlation is given in ISO 17635
4) all imperfections from which the reflected echo amplitude exceeds the evaluation level shall be characterized, and all
that are characterized as planar e.g. cracks, lack of fusion, incomplete penetration shall be rejected
5) it is the measured size of the imperfection(s) that forms conventional basis for acceptance or rejection
6) for upper hull longitudinal structural members in container ships under the regime of increased sensitivity testing,
all defects with a length of 20 mm or longer shall be rejected regardless of type
7) applicable areas:
— upper hull longitudinal structure, see Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10 [1.1.3], within 0,4 L amidships
— critical areas.
Guidance note:
Critical areas are areas subjected to high cyclic loads which may lead to structure failure, e.g. structural members of
the upper hull, made of material with yield strength of ReH = 390 N/mm² and above or with a thickness of more than
50 mm.
6.1.2 Welds tested and accepted by the builder/manufacturer shall be verified if deemed necessary by the
Society.
6.1.3 Welds in aluminium shall comply with ISO 10042 level B (in critical areas, and in deck and bottom
plating within 0.4 L amidship) or level C (in general areas). Regarding use of ISO 10042 and quality level for
RT, UT and PT, correlation is given in ISO 17635 (ISO 10675-2), the same way as described for ISO 5817
above.
6.1.4 Regarding use of ISO 10042 and quality level for RT (RT-F, RT-D), UT and PT, correlation is given in
ISO 17635 (ISO 10675-2), the same way as described for ISO 5817 above.
6.1.5 Relevant standard for TOFD is ISO 15626. Level B and level C of ISO 5817 are equal to, respectively,
acceptance level 1 and level 2 of ISO 15626 (see correlation given in ISO 17635).
6.1.6 Relevant standard for PAUT is ISO 19285. Level B and level C of ISO 5817 are equal to, respectively,
acceptance level 2 and level 3 of ISO 19285 (see correlation given in ISO 17635).
DNV AS
6.2 Non-conforming weldments
6.2.1 All indications (discontinuities) exceeding the applicable acceptance criteria shall be classed as defects,
and shall be eliminated and repaired.
6.2.2 If a non-conforming discontinuity is detected in a spot check test length during testing, the scope
of testing shall be extended (a spot check test length is typically 750 mm or 500 mm). Unless otherwise
agreed, the following apply:
— for each spot check test length with a detected non-conforming discontinuity two additional lengths of the
same weld shall be tested with the same method
— minimum length of the extension shall not be less than two times 500 mm for all methods except RT.
Minimum additional test length for RT is two times the applied film length (minimum film length is
typically 300 mm for hull welds)
— the additional testing shall be adjacent to the spot check test length where the non-conforming
discontinuity was detected, one on each side
— where the length of the weld adjacent to the spot check test length is less than 500 mm, testing shall
cover 100% of the relevant length
— extension may be waived where it is no doubt that a discontinuity is isolated and volumetric. The waiver is
not applicable for planar discontinuities, or continuous or semi-continuous discontinuities.
If systematically repeated non-conforming discontinuities are revealed, the extent of testing shall be
increased for welds manufactured under same conditions and where similar defects may be expected.
6.2.3 If non-conforming discontinuities are found to occur regularly, the reason for the non-conforming
discontinuities shall be investigated. The WPS shall be reassessed before continuation of the welding.
Necessary actions shall be taken to bring the production to the required quality level.
6.2.4 Detected non-conforming discontinuities shall be repaired unless they are found acceptable by the
Society. Removal of weld discontinuities and repair shall be performed in accordance with a procedure
approved by the Society.
6.2.5 NDT failure rate shall be recorded by the builder.
6.2.6 After repair welding has been performed, the complete weld, (i.e. the repaired area plus minimum 100
mm on each side) shall be subjected to at least the same NDT method(s) as specified for the original weld.
DNV AS
SECTION 8 STRUCTURAL AND TIGHTNESS TESTING
1 General
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This section specifies general requirements for structural and tightness testing of tanks and holds of:
— new vessels prior to delivery
— structures involved in, or affected by, conversions or repairs.
See IACS UR S14 for definition of applicable ships.
1.1.2 General certification requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.1].
1.1.3 Documentation requirements are given in Sec.1 [3.2].
1.1.4 The requirements in this section are not applicable for high speed light crafts and naval vessels.
1.2 Testing requirements
1.2.1 The testing procedures of watertight compartments shall be carried out in accordance with [2] and
[3]. The requirements are divided into two parts:
— SOLAS Ships (including CSR BC & OT)
— non-SOLAS Ships and SOLAS Exempt/Equivalent Ships.
1.2.2 Testing procedures of watertight compartments for SOLAS Ships (including CSR BC & OT) shall be
carried out in accordance with [2], unless:
— a) the shipyard provides documentary evidence of the shipowner’s agreement to a request to the flag
administration for an exemption from the application of SOLAS Chapter II-1, Regulation 11, or for an
equivalency agreeing that the content of [3] is equivalent to SOLAS Chapter II-1, Regulation 11; and
— b) the above-mentioned exemption/equivalency has been granted by the responsible flag administration.
1.2.3 Testing procedures of watertight compartments shall be carried out in accordance with [3] for non-
SOLAS ships and those SOLAS ships (including CSR BC & OT) for which:
— a) the shipyard provides documentary evidence of the shipowner’s agreement to a request to the flag
administration for an exemption from the application of SOLAS Chapter II-1, Regulation 11, or for an
equivalency agreeing that the content of [3] is equivalent to SOLAS Chapter II-1, Regulation 11; and
— b) the above-mentioned exemption/equivalency has been granted by the responsible flag administration.
DNV AS
2 Procedures for testing tanks and tight boundaries - SOLAS ships
2.1 General
These test procedures shall confirm the watertightness of tanks and watertight boundaries and the structural
adequacy of tanks which consist of the watertight subdivisions of ships. These procedures may also be
applied to verify the weathertightness of structures and shipboard outfitting. The tightness of all tanks and
watertight boundaries of ships during new construction and those relevant to major conversions or major
repairs is to be confirmed by these test procedures prior to the delivery of the ship.
Guidance note:
— Watertight subdivision means the transverse and longitudinal subdivisions of the ship required to satisfy the subdivision
requirements of SOLAS Chapter II-1.
— Major repair means a repair affecting structural integrity.
2.2 Application
2.2.1 All gravity tanks and other boundaries required to be watertight or weathertight shall be tested in
accordance with this procedure and proven to be tight and structurally adequate as follows:
1) gravity tanks for their tightness and structural adequacy,
2) watertight boundaries other than tank boundaries for their watertightness, and
3) weathertight boundaries for their weathertightness.
Guidance note:
Gravity tank means a tank that is subject to vapour pressure not greater than 70 kPa.
2.2.2 The testing of cargo containment systems of liquefied gas carriers shall be in accordance with the
testing requirements in 4.21 to 4.26 of the IGC Code and standards deemed appropriate by DNV.
2.2.3 The testing of structures not listed in Table 2 or Table 3 shall be specially considered.
2.3 Test types and definitions
2.3.1 The following two types of tests are specified in this requirement:
— Structural test: a test to verify the structural adequacy of tank construction. This may be a hydrostatic
test or, where the situation warrants, a hydropneumatic test.
— Leak test: a test to verify the tightness of a boundary. Unless a specific test is indicated, this may be a
hydrostatic/hydropneumatic test or an air test. A hose test may be considered an acceptable form of leak
test for certain boundaries, as indicated by footnote 3 of Table 2.
DNV AS
2.3.2 The definition of each test type is as follows:
Table 1 Definitions
Term Definition
hydrostatic test test wherein a space is filledwith a liquid to a specified head
(leak and structural)
hydropneumatic test test combining a hydrostatic test and an air test, wherein a space is partially filled with a
(leak and structural) liquid and pressurized with air
hose test test to verify the tightness of the joint by a jet of water with the joint visible from the
(leak) opposite side
air tests test to verify the tightness by means of air pressure differential and leak indicating solution.
(leak) It includes tank air tests and joint air tests, such as a compressed air fillet weld tests and
vacuum box tests
compressed air fillet weld air test of a fillet welded T-joint with a leak indicating solution applied on the fillet welds
test
(leak)
vacuum box test box over a joint with leak indicating solution applied on the fillet or butt welds. A vacuumis
(Leak) created inside the box to detect any leaks
ultrasonic test test to verify the tightness of a sealing of closing devices such as hatch covers by means of
(leak) ultrasonic detection techniques
penetration test test to verify that no visual dye penetrant indications of potential continuous leakages
(leak) exist in the boundaries of a compartment by means of low surface tension liquids (i.e. dye
penetrant test)
2.4 Test procedures
2.4.1 General
Tests shall be carried out in the presence of a surveyor at a stage sufficiently close to the completion of
work with all hatches, doors, windows, etc., installed and all penetrations including pipe connections fitted,
and before any ceiling and cement work is applied over the joints. Specific test requirements are given in
[2.4.4] and Table 2. For the timing of the application of coating and the provision of safe access to joints, see
[2.4.5], [2.4.6] and Table 4.
2.4.2 Structural test procedures
2.4.2.1 Type and time of test
Where a structural test is specified in Table 2 or Table 3, a hydrostatic test in accordance with [2.4.4.1] will
be acceptable. Where practical limitations (strength of building berth, light density of liquid, etc.) prevent
the performance of a hydrostatic test, a hydropneumatic test in accordance with [2.4.4.2] may be accepted
instead.
A hydrostatic test or hydropneumatic test for the confirmation of structural adequacy may be carried out
while the vessel is afloat, provided the results of a leak test are confirmed to be satisfactory before the vessel
is afloat.
DNV AS
2.4.2.2 Testing schedule for new construction or major structural conversion
1) Tanks which are intended to hold liquids, and which form part of the watertight subdivision of the ship,
shall be tested for tightness and structural strength as indicated in Table 2 and Table 3.
2) The tank boundaries shall be tested from at least one side. The tanks for structural test shall be selected
so that all representative structural members are tested for the expected tension and compression.
3) The watertight boundaries of spaces other than tanks for structural testing may be exempted, provided
that the water-tightness of boundaries of exempted spaces is verified by leak tests and inspections.
Structural testing may not be exempted and the requirements for structural testing of tanks in [2.4.2.1].
to [2.4.2.2]) shall apply, for ballast holds, chain lockers and a representative cargo hold if intended for
in-port ballasting.
4) Tanks which do not form part of the watertight subdivision of the ship, may be exempted from structural
testing provided that the water-tightness of boundaries of exempted spaces is verified by leak tests and
inspections.
Guidance note:
Watertight subdivision means the main transverse and longitudinal subdivisions of the ship required to satisfy the subdivision
2.4.3 Leak test procedures
For the leak tests specified in Table 2, tank air tests, compressed air fillet weld tests, vacuum box tests
in accordance with [2.4.4.4] through [2.4.4.6], or their combination, will be acceptable. Hydrostatic or
hydropneumatic tests may also be accepted as leak tests provided that [2.4.4.5], [2.4.5], [2.4.6] and [2.4.7]
are complied with. Hose tests will also be acceptable for such locations as specified in Table 2, Footnote 3, in
accordance with [2.4.4.3].
The application of the leak test for each type of welded joint is specified in Table 4.
Air tests of joints may be carried out in the block stage provided that all work on the block that may affect
the tightness of a joint is completed before the test. See also [2.4.5.1] for the application of final coatings
and [2.4.6] for the safe access to joints and the summary in Table 4.
2.4.4 Test methods
2.4.4.1 Hydrostatic test
Unless another liquid is approved, hydrostatic tests shall consist of filling the space with fresh water or sea
water, whichever is appropriate for testing, to the level specified in Table 2 or Table 3. See also [2.4.7].
In cases where a tank is designed for cargo densities greater than sea water and testing is with fresh water
or sea water, the testing pressure height shall simulate the actual loading for those greater cargo densities as
far as practicable.
All external surfaces of the tested space shall be examined for structural distortion, bulging and buckling,
other related damage and leaks.
2.4.4.2 Hydropneumatic test
Hydropneumatic tests, where approved, shall be such that the test condition, in conjunction with the
approved liquid level and supplemental air pressure, will simulate the actual loading as far as practicable. The
requirements and recommendations for tank air tests in [2.4.4.4] will also apply to hydropneumatic tests.
See also [2.4.7].
All external surfaces of the tested space shall be examined for structural distortion, bulging and buckling,
other related damage and leaks.
2.4.4.3 Hose test
5
Hose tests shall be carried out with the pressure in the hose nozzle maintained at least at 2·10 Pa during the
test. The nozzle shall have a minimum inside diameter of 12 mm and be at a perpendicular distance from the
joint not exceeding 1.5 m. The water jet shall impinge directly upon the weld.
DNV AS
Where a hose test is not practical because of possible damage to machinery, electrical equipment insulation
or outfitting items, it may be replaced by a careful visual examination of welded connections, supported
where necessary by means such as a dye penetrant test or ultrasonic leak test or the equivalent.
2.4.4.4 Tank air test
All boundary welds, erection joints and penetrations, including pipe connections, shall be examined in
accordance with approved procedure and under a stabilized pressure differential above atmospheric pressure
5
not less than 0.15·10 Pa, with a leak indicating solution such as soapy water/detergent or a proprietary
brand applied.
A U-tube with a height sufficient to hold a head of water corresponding to the required test pressure shall
be arranged. The cross sectional area of the U-tube is not to be less than that of the pipe supplying air
to the tank. Arrangements involving the use of two calibrated pressure gauges to verify the required test
pressure may be accepted taking into account the provisions in F5.1 and F7.4 of IACS Recommendation 140,
'Recommendation for Safe Precautions during Survey and Testing of Pressurized Systems'.
A double inspection shall be made of tested welds. The first shall be carried out immediately upon applying
the leak indication solution. The second shall be carried out after approximately four to five minutes in order
to detect those smaller leaks which take time to appear.
2.4.4.5 Compressed air fillet weld test
In this air test, compressed air is injected from one end of a fillet welded joint and the pressure verified at
the other end of the joint by a pressure gauge. Pressure gauges shall be arranged so that an air pressure of
5
at least 0.15·10 Pa can be verified at each end of all passages within the portion being tested.
Note:
Where a leak test is required for fabrication involving partial penetration welds, a compressed air test is also to be applied in the
same manner as to fillet weld where the root face is large, i.e., 6-8 mm.
---e-n-d---o-f---n-o-t-e---
2.4.4.6 Vacuum box test
A box (vacuum testing box) with air connections, gauges and an inspection window is placed over the joint
with a leak indicating solution applied to the weld cap vicinity. The air within the box is removed by an ejector
5 5
to create a vacuum of 0.20·10 - 0.26·10 Pa inside the box.
2.4.4.7 Ultrasonic test
An ultrasonic echo transmitter shall be arranged inside of a compartment and a receiver shall be arranged
on the outside. The watertight/weathertight boundaries of the compartment are scanned with the receiver in
order to detect an ultrasonic leak indication. A location where sound is detectable by the receiver indicates a
leakage in the sealing of the compartment.
2.4.4.8 Penetration test
A test of butt welds or other weld joints uses the application of a low surface tension liquid at one side of
a compartment boundary or structural arrangement. If no liquid is detected on the opposite sides of the
boundaries after the expiration of a defined period of time, this indicates tightness of the boundaries. In
certain cases, a developer solution may be painted or sprayed on the other side of the weld to aid leak
detection.
2.4.4.9 Other test
Other methods of testing may be considered upon submission of full particulars prior to the commencement
of testing.
2.4.5 Application of coating
2.4.5.1 Final coating
For butt joints welded by an automatic process, the final coating may be applied any time before the
completion of a leak test of spaces bounded by the joints, provided that the welds have been carefully
inspected visually to the satisfaction of the surveyor.
DNV AS
Surveyors reserve the right to require a leak test prior to the application of final coating over automatic
erection butt welds.
For all other joints, the final coating is to be applied after the completion of the leak test of the joint. See also
Table 4.
2.4.5.2 Temporary coating
Any temporary coating which may conceal defects or leaks shall be applied at the time as specified for the
final coating, see [2.4.5.1]. This requirement does not apply to shop primer.
2.4.6 Safe access to joints
For leak tests, safe access to all joints under examination shall be provided. See also Table 4.
2.4.7 Hydrostatic or hydropneumatic tightness test
In cases where the hydrostatic or hydropneumatic tests are applied instead of a specific leak test, examined
boundaries shall be dew-free, otherwise small leaks are not visible.
2.5 Test requirements for tanks and boundaries
2.5.1 General
Table 2 Test requirements for tanks and boundaries
Tank or boundary to be tested Test type Test head or pressure Remarks

4)
1 Double bottom tanks Leak and The greater of :
1)
structural
— top of the overflow,
2)
— to 2.4 m above top of tank ,
or
— to bulkhead deck.
5)
2 Double bottom voids Leak See [2.4.4.4] through [2.4.4.6], Including pump
as applicable. room double
bottom and
bunker tank
protection double
hull required by
MARPOL Annex I.
3 Double side tanks Leak and The greater of:

1)
structural
2)
or
— to bulkhead deck.
4 Double side voids Leak See [2.4.4.4] through [2.4.4.6],

as applicable.
5 Deep tanks other than those listed Leak and The greater of:

11) 1)
elsewhere in this table structural
— top of the overflow, or
2)
— to 2.4 m above top of tank .
DNV AS
6 Cargo oil tanks Leak and The greater of:
1)
structural
2)
or
2)
— to top of tank plus
— setting of any pressure relief
valve.
7 Ballast holds of bulk carriers Leak and Top of cargo hatch coaming.

1)
structural
8 Peak tanks Leak and The greater of: Aft peak to be

1)
structural tested after
— top of the overflow, or
2) installation of
— to 2.4 m above top of tank .
stern tube.
9 .1 Fore peak spaces with equipment Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6],

as applicable.
.2 Fore peak voids Leak See [2.4.4.4] through [2.4.4.6],

as applicable.
.3 Aft peak spaces with equipment Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6],

as applicable.
.4 Aft peak voids Leak See [2.4.4.4] through [2.4.4.6], Aft peak to be

as applicable. tested after
installation of
stern tube.
10 Cofferdams Leak See [2.4.4.4] through [2.4.4.6],

as applicable.
8)
11 .1 Watertight bulkheads Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6],
7)
as applicable .
.2 Superstructure end bulkheads Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6],

as applicable.
6), 7)
12 Watertight doors below freeboard or Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6],
bulkhead deck and watertight hatch covers as applicable.
13 Double plate rudder blades Leak See [2.4.4.4] through [2.4.4.6],

as applicable.
3)
14 Shaft tunnels clear of deep tanks Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6],
as applicable.
3)
15 Shell doors Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6],
as applicable.
3), 7)
16 Weathertight doors, -hatch covers, and Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6], Hatch covers
closing appliances as applicable. closed by
tarpaulins and
battens excluded.
3), 7)
17 Dual purpose tanks/dry cargo hatch covers Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6], In addition to
as applicable. structural test in
item 6 or 7.
DNV AS
18 Chain lockers Leak and Top of chain pipe.
1)
structural
9)
19 L.O. sump. tanks and other similar tanks/ Leak See [2.4.4.3] through [2.4.4.6],
spaces under main engines as applicable.
20 Ballast ducts Leak and The greater of:

1)
structural
— ballast pump maximum
pressure, or
valve.
21 Fuel oil tanks Leak and The greater of:

1)
structural
2)
or
2)
valve.
22 LFL fuel tanks Leak and The greater of: Where a fuel tank

1)
structural is designed for a
2) fuel density less
— to 2.4 m above top of tank , 3
than 1.025 t/m ,
or
2)
see note 10.
valve.
DNV AS
1) See section [2.4.2.2].
2) The top of a tank is the deck forming the top of the tank, excluding any hatchways.
3) Hose test may also be considered as a medium of the test. See [2.3.2].
4) Including tanks arranged in accordance with the provisions of SOLAS regulation II-1/9.4.
5) Including duct keels and dry compartments arranged in accordance with the provisions of SOLAS regulation
II-1/11.2 and II-1/9.4 respectively, and/or oil fuel tank protection and pump room bottom protection arranged
in accordance with the provisions of MARPOL Annex I, Chapter 3, Part A regulation 12A and Chapter 4, Part A,
regulation 22 respectively.
6) Where water tightness of a watertight door has not been confirmed by prototype test, testing by filling watertight
spaces with water shall be carried out. See SOLAS regulation II-1/16.2 and MSC/Circ.1176.
7) As an alternative to the hose testing, other testing methods listed in [2.4.4.7] through [2.4.4.9] may be applicable
subject to adequacy of such testing methods being verified. See SOLAS regulation II-1/11.1. For watertight
bulkheads (item 11.1) alternatives to the hose testing may only be used where a hose test is not practicable.
8) A leak and structural test (see [2.4.2.2]) shall be carried out for a representative cargo hold if intended for in-port
ballasting. The filling level requirement for testing cargo holds intended for in-port ballasting shall be the maximum
loading that will occur in-port as indicated in the loading manual.
9) Where L.O. sump tanks and other similar spaces under main engines intended to hold liquid form part of the
watertight subdivision of the ship, they shall be tested as per the requirements of item 5, deep tanks other than
those listed elsewhere in this table.
10) Tanks shall be subjected to a hydrostatic and/or hydropneumatic test. Tank tests shall be performed such that
the stresses approximate, as far as practicable, the design stresses, and that the pressure at the top of the tank
corresponds at least to the design vapour pressure, PPV. When a hydropneumatic test is performed, the conditions
shall simulate, as far as practicable, the design loading of the tank including dynamic components, while avoiding
stress levels that could cause permanent deformation.
11) Including chemical treatment fluid tanks and residue tanks for emission reduction system, when constructed as
integral part of hull.
Guidance note:
See Pt.3 Ch.12 Sec.1 [3.3.3] for test requirements related to doors and hatch covers which become immersed by an equilibrium
or an intermediate water plane in a damaged condition.
2.5.2 Additional test requirements for special service ships/tanks
Table 3 Test requirements for special service ships/tanks
Structures
Type of ship/tank Type of test Test head or pressure Remarks
to be tested
Leak and
1 Liquefied gas carriers Integral tanks See UR G1
structural
Hull structure
supporting
See UR G1 See G1
membrane or semi-
membrane tanks
Independent tanks
See UR G1 See G1
type A
Independent tanks
See UR G1 See G1
type B
Independent tanks
See UR G2 See G2
type C
DNV AS
Structures
Type of ship/tank Type of test Test head or pressure Remarks
to be tested
The greater of:
Leak and — top of the overflow, or
2 Edible liquid tanks Independent tanks 1)
structural — to 0.9 m above top of
2)
tank .
Where a cargo
tank is designed
The greater of: for the carriage
— to 2.4 m above top of of cargoes with
Integral or 2)
Leak and tank , or specific gravities
3 Chemical carriers independent cargo 1)
structural 2)
— to top of tank plus larger than 1.0,
tanks
— setting of any pressure an appropriate
relief valve. additional
head shall be
considered.
The greater of: Specific density
Free standing tanks for
Leak and — top of the overflow, or of the treatment
4 hazardeous or corrosive Independent tanks 1)
structural — to 2.4 m above top of fluid shall be
treatment fluids
2)
tank . considered.
1) See section [2.4.2.2].
2) Top of tank is deck forming the top of the tank excluding any hatchways.
2.5.3 Application of leak test, coating and provision of safe access for type of welded joints
Table 4 Leak test, coating and provision of safe access for type of welded joints
1) 2)
Coating Safe access
Type of welded joints Leak test After leak test

Structural
Before leak test but before Leak test
test
structural test
3)
Automatic Not required Allowed N/A Not required Not required
Butt Manual or
semi- Required Not allowed Allowed Required Not required
4)
automatic
Automatic,
Fillet semi-automatic Required Not allowed Allowed Required Not required
or manual
1) Coating refers to internal (tank/hold coating), where applied, and external (shell/deck) painting. It does not refer to
shop primer.
2) Temporary means of access for verification of the leak test.
3) The condition applies provided that the welds have been carefully inspected visually to the satisfaction of the
surveyor.
4) Flux core arc welding (FCAW) semi-automatic butt welds need not be tested provided that careful visual inspections
show continuous uniform weld profile shape, free from repairs, and the results of NDE testing show no significant
defects.
DNV AS
3 Procedures for testing tanks and tight boundaries - Non-SOLAS
ships and SOLAS exemption/equivalent ships
3.1 General
These test procedures shall confirm the watertightness of tanks and watertight boundaries and the structural
adequacy of tanks which consist of the watertight subdivisions of ships. These procedures may also be
applied to verify the weathertightness of structures and shipboard outfitting. The tightness of all tanks and
watertight boundaries of ships during new construction and those relevant to major conversions or major
repairs shall be confirmed by these test procedures prior to the delivery of the ship.
Guidance note:
— Watertight subdivision means the transverse and longitudinal subdivisions of the ship required to satisfy the subdivision
— Major repair means a repair affecting structural integrity.
3.2 Application
3.2.1 Testing procedures shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of [2] in association with
the following alternative procedures for [2.4.2.2] Testing schedule for new construction or major structural
conversion and alternative test requirements for Table 2 in [2.5].
3.2.2 The tank boundaries shall be tested from at least one side. The tanks for structural test shall be
selected so that all representative structural members are tested for the expected tension and compression.
3.2.3 Structural tests shall be carried out for at least one tank of a group of tanks having structural
similarity (i.e. same design conditions, alike structural configurations with only minor localised differences
determined to be acceptable by the attending surveyor) on each vessel provided all other tanks are tested
for leaks by an air test. The acceptance of leak testing using an air test instead of a structural test does not
apply to cargo space boundaries adjacent to other compartments in tankers and combination carriers or to
the boundaries of tanks for segregated cargoes or pollutant cargoes in other types of ships.
3.2.4 Additional tanks may require structural testing if found necessary after the structural testing of the
first tank.
3.2.5 Where the structural adequacy of the tanks of a vessel were verified by the structural testing required
in Table 2, subsequent vessels in the series (i.e. sister ships built from the same plans at the same shipyard)
may be exempted from structural testing of tanks, provided that:
1) water-tightness of boundaries of all tanks is verified by leak tests and thorough inspections are carried
out.
2) structural testing is carried out for at least one tank of each type among all tanks of each sister vessel.
3) additional tanks may require structural testing if found necessary after the structural testing of the first
tank or if deemed necessary by the attending surveyor.
For cargo space boundaries adjacent to other compartments in tankers and combination carriers or
boundaries of tanks for segregated cargoes or pollutant cargoes in other types of ships, the provisions of
paragraph [3.2.3] shall apply in lieu of paragraph [3.2.5] 2).
3.2.6 Sister ships built (i.e. keel laid) two years or more after the delivery of the last ship of the series, may
be tested in accordance with [3.2.5] at the discretion of DNV, provided that:
DNV AS
1) general workmanship has been maintained (i.e. there has been no discontinuity of shipbuilding or
significant changes in the construction methodology or technology at the yard, shipyard personnel are
appropriately qualified and demonstrate an adequate level of workmanship as determined by DNV); and
2) an NDT plan is implemented and evaluated by DNV for the tanks not subject to structural tests.
Shipbuilding quality standards for the hull structure during new construction shall be reviewed and
agreed during the kick-off meeting. Structural fabrication shall be carried out in accordance with IACS
Recommendation 47, 'Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard', or a recognised fabrication standard
which has been accepted by DNV prior to the commencement of fabrication/construction. The work shall
be carried out in accordance with the rules and under survey of DNV.
DNV AS
SECTION 9 SHIP CONSTRUCTION FILE
1 General
1.1 Application
1.1.1 [2] is applicable to all ships except oil tankers and bulk carriers subject to SOLAS Chapter II-1 Part A-1
Regulation 3-10, Goal-based ship construction standards for bulk carriers and oil tankers.
1.1.2 [3] is applicable to oil tankers and bulk carriers subject to SOLAS Chapter II-1 Part A-1 Regulation
3-10, Goal-based ship construction standards for bulk carriers and oil tankers.
Guidance note:
See IACS UR Z23, Hull Survey for New Construction.
2 Ship construction file for all steel ships, except oil tankers and
bulk carriers subject to SOLAS Chapter II-1 Part A-1 Regulation
3-10
2.1 General
The shipbuilder shall deliver documents for the ship construction file (SCF).
The ship construction file shall be reviewed for content in accordance with the requirements of [2.2].
2.2 Content of ship construction file
It is recognised that the purpose of documents held in the ship construction file on board the ship, is
to facilitate inspection (survey) and repair and maintenance, and, therefore, shall include in addition to
documents listed in Table 1 of IACS UR Z23, but not be limited to:
— as-built structural drawings, including scantling details, material details, and, as applicable, wastage
allowances, location of butts and seams, cross section details and locations of all partial and full
penetration welds, areas identified for close attention and rudders
— manuals required for classification and statutory requirements, e.g. loading and stability, bow doors and
inner doors and side shell doors and stern doors – operations and maintenance manuals
— ship structure access manual, as applicable
— copies of certificates of forgings and castings welded into the hull
— details of equipment forming part of the watertight and weather tight integrity of the ship
- including a cable transit seal systems register, to be prepared by the shipbuilder for watertight cable
transits. The register can be in either a hard copy or digitized media. For an example of a register see
Appendix 3 IACS UR Z23 - Recommendatory Sample - Cable Transit Seal Systems Register. It shall
include a marking / identification system, documentation referencing manufacturer manual(s) for each
type of cable transit installed, the type approval certification for each type of transit system, applicable
installation drawings, and a recording of each installed transit documenting the as built condition after
final inspection in the shipyard. This shall include sections to record any inspection, modification, repair
and maintenance
— tank testing plan, including details of the test requirements
— corrosion protection specifications
DNV AS
— details for the in-water survey, if applicable, information for divers, clearances measurements instructions,
etc., tank and compartment boundaries
— docking plan and details of all penetrations normally examined at drydocking
— coating technical file, for ships subject to compliance with the IMO Performance Standard for Protective
Coatings (PSPC) as a class requirement under the IACS Common Structural Rules.
3 Ship construction file for oil tankers and bulk carriers subject to
SOLAS Chapter II-1 Part A-1 Regulation 3-10
3.1 General
A ship construction file (SCF) with specific information on how the functional requirements of the goal-
based ship construction standards for bulk carriers and oil tankers have been applied in the ship design
and construction shall be provided upon delivery of a new ship, and kept on board the ship and/or ashore
and updated as appropriate throughout the ship's service. The contents of the SCF shall conform to the
requirements in [3.2].
3.2 Content of ship construction file
3.2.1 The following design specific information shall be included in SCF:
— areas requiring special attention throughout the ship's life (including critical structural areas)
— all design parameters limiting the operation of a ship
— any alternatives to the rules, including structural details and equivalency calculations
— 'as built' drawings and information which are verified to incorporate all alterations approved by the
recognized organization or flag state during the construction process including scantling details, material
details, location of butts and seams, cross section details and locations of all partial and full penetration
welds
— net (renewal) scantlings for all the structural constituent parts, as built scantlings and voluntary addition
thicknesses
— minimum hull girder section modulus along the length of the ship which has to be maintained throughout
the ship's life, including cross section details such as the value of the area of the deck zone and bottom
zone, the renewal value for the neutral axis zone
— a listing of materials used for the construction of the hull structure, and provisions for documenting
changes to any of the above during the ship's service life
— copies of certificates of forgings and castings welded into the hull, see IACS UR W7 and IACS UR W8
— details of equipment forming part of the watertight and weather tight integrity of the ship
— tank testing plan including details of the test requirements, see IACS UR S14
— details for the bottom survey afloat, when applicable, information for divers, clearances measurements
instructions, etc., tank and compartment boundaries
— docking plan and details of all penetrations normally examined at dry docking
— coating technical file, for ships subject to compliance with the IMO Performance Standard for Protective
Coatings (PSPC)
— a cable transit seal systems register, to be prepared by the shipbuilder for watertight cable transits. The
register may be in either a hard copy or digitized cable transit seal systems register. It is to include a
marking/identification system, documentation referencing manufacturer manual(s) for each type of cable
transit installed, the type approval certification for each type of transit system, applicable installation
drawings, and a recording of each installed transit documenting the as built condition after final inspection
in the shipyard. This shall include sections to record any inspection, modification, repair and maintenance.
DNV AS
3.2.2 See Table 1 for details of information to be further included. This information shall be kept on board
the ship and/or ashore and updated as appropriate throughout the ship's life in order to facilitate safe
operation, maintenance, survey, repair and emergency measures.
3.2.3 It shall be noted that parts of the content of the SCF may be subject to various degrees of restricted
access and that such documentation may be appropriately kept ashore.
3.2.4 The SCF shall include the list of documents constituting the SCF and all information listed in Table
1, which is required for a ship's safe operation, maintenance, survey, repair and in emergency situations.
Details of specific information that is not considered to be critical to safety may be included directly or by
reference to other documents.
3.2.5 When developing a SCF, all of the columns in Table 1 shall be reviewed to ensure that all necessary
information has been provided.
3.2.6 It may be possible to provide information listed in Table 1 under more than one Tier II functional
requirement as a single item within the SCF, for example, the coating technical file required by the PSPC is
relevant for both coating life and survey during construction.
3.2.7 The SCF shall remain with the ship and, in addition, be available to the Society and flag state
throughout the ship's life. Where information not considered necessary to be on board is stored ashore,
procedures to access this information should be specified in the onboard SCF. The intellectual property
provisions within the SCF should be duly complied with.
3.2.8 The SCF should be updated throughout the ship's life at any major event, including, but not limited to,
substantial repair and conversion, or any modification to the ship structure.
Table 1 List of information to be included in the ship construction file
Further Normal
Tier II items Information to be included explanation Example documents storage
of the content location
Design
on
assumed design life in years SCF-specific board
statement or ship
1 Design life note on midship
section on
midship section plan board
ship
— statement
referencing
data source or
rule (specific
on
Environmental assumed environmental rule and data)
2 SCF-specific board
conditions conditions or
ship
— in accordance
with rule
(date and
revision)
3 Structural strength
DNV AS
Further Normal
on
applied rule (date and applied design SCF-specific board
revision) method ship
3.1 General design alternative to
rule and subject on
applied alternative to rule structure(s) capacity plan board
ship
on
calculating conditions and allowable loading
loading manual board
results pattern
ship
Deformation
3.2 and failure maximum
modes allowable hull on
assumed loading conditions girder bending trim and stability booklet board
moment and ship
shear force
on
loading instrument instruction
board
manual
ship
maximum
on
Ultimate operational restrictions due to allowable cargo
3.3 operation and maintenance manuals board
strength structural strength density or
ship
storage factor
on
strength calculation shore
archive
bulky output on
areas prone to yielding and/or
strength calculation results of strength board
buckling
calculation ship
gross hull girder section
modulus
plan showing
minimum hull girder section
highly stressed
modulus along the length of
areas on
the ship to be maintained
3.4 Safety margins throughout the ship’s life, (e.g. critical general arrangement plan board
including cross section details structural areas) ship
such as the value of the area prone to yielding
of the deck zone and bottom and/or buckling
zone, the renewal value for
the neutral axis zone
on
gross scantlings of structural structural
key construction plans board
constituent parts drawings
ship
DNV AS
Further Normal
on
rudder and stern
rudder and rudder stock plans board
frame
ship
on
net scantlings of structural structural details board
constituent parts, as built ship
scantlings and voluntary structural on
addition thicknesses details of typical yard plans shore
members archive
on
dangerous area plan board
ship
hull form
information on
indicated in key shore
construction archive
plans
hull form data lines plan
hull form stored within or
an onboard
equivalent
computer on
necessary for board
trim and stability ship
and longitudinal
strength
calculations
applied rule (date and applied design
revision) method on
alternative to SCF-specific board
applied alternative to rule rule and subject ship
structures
calculating conditions and assumed loading on
results conditions and structural details board
assumed loading conditions rates ship
4 Fatigue life
bulky output on
of fatigue life fatigue life calculation shore
calculation archive
fatigue life calculation results plan showing
areas (e.g. on
critical structural areas prone to fatigue board
areas) prone to ship
fatigue
on
Residual applied rule (date and
strength revision)
ship
DNV AS
Further Normal
6 Protection against corrosion
on
SCF-specific board
ship
coating technical file required by
coated areas and target PSPC (performance standard for
plans showing
coating life and other protective coatings for dedicated
areas (e.g.
measures for corrosion seawater ballast tanks in all types
critical structural
6.1 Coating life protection in holds, cargo and of ships and double-side skin
areas) prone on
ballast tanks, other structure- spaces of bulk carriers, adopted by
to excessive board
integrated deep tanks and IMO Resolution MSC.215(82), as
corrosion ship
void spaces amended and performance standard
for protective coatings for cargo oil
tanks of crude oil tankers, adopted
by IMO Resolution MSC.288(87), as
amended)
specification for coating and
other measures for corrosion
on
protection in holds, cargo and
areas prone to excessive corrosion board
ballast tanks, other structure-
ship
integrated deep tanks and
void spaces
Corrosion
6.2
addition gross scantlings of structural
constituent parts
on
net scantlings of structural key construction plans board
scantlings and voluntary
addition thicknesses
on
Structural applied rule (date and
redundancy revision)
ship
on
applied rule (date and
SCF-specific board
revision)
ship
Watertight and details of
8 weathertight equipment
integrity structural details of hatch covers, on
key factors for watertight and forming part of
doors and other closings integral board
weathertight integrity the watertight
with the shell and bulkheads ship
and weathertight
integrity
list of ergonomic design
principles applied to ship
Human on
structure design to enhance
9 element SCF-specific board
safety during operations,
considerations ship
inspections and maintenance
of ship
DNV AS
Further Normal
— applied rule (date and
revision)
on
— applicable industry intellectual property provisions board
standards for design ship
Design transparency and IP
10
transparency protection
summary, location and access on
reference to part of SCF
procedure for part of SCF board
information kept ashore
information on shore ship
Construction
recognized
Construction national or on
applied construction quality
11 quality international SCF-specific board
standard
procedures construction ship
quality standard
applied rules on
(date and SCF-specific board
survey regime applied revision) ship
during construction (to
include all owner and class copies of
scheduled inspections during certificates of on
construction) forgings and tank testing plan board
Survey during castings welded ship
12 into the hull
construction
on
non-destructive testing plan board
information on non- ship
destructive examination on
board
PSPC
ship
In-service considerations
plan showing on
highly stressed SCF-specific board
areas (e.g. ship
maintenance plans specific
critical structural
to the structure of the ship
areas) prone
where higher attention is on
to yielding, operation and maintenance manuals
called for board
buckling, fatigue (e.g. hatch covers and doors)
Survey and and/or excessive ship
13
maintenance corrosion
arrangement
and details of
on
all penetrations
preparations for survey docking plan board
normally
ship
examined at dry-
docking
DNV AS
Further Normal
on
gross hull girder section details for dry-
dangerous area plan board
modulus docking
ship
on
minimum hull girder section ship structure access manual board
modulus along the length of ship
the ship to be maintained
throughout the ship’s life, on
details for in- means of access to other structure-
including cross section details board
water survey integrated deep tanks
such as the value of the area ship
of the deck zone and bottom
zone, the renewal value for on
the neutral axis zone board
PSPC
ship
on
gross scantlings of structural
key construction plans board
constituent parts
ship
on
rudder and rudder stock board
ship
on
net scantlings of structural structural details board
scantlings and voluntary on
addition thicknesses yard plans shore
archive
on
lines plan or equivalent shore
archive
hull form
information on
hull form indicated in key board
construction ship
plans
on
means of access to holds, plans showing ship structure access manual board
Structural cargo and ballast tanks and arrangement and ship
14
accessibility other structure-integrated details of means on
deep tanks of access means of access to other structure-
board
integrated deep tanks
ship
Recycling considerations
DNV AS
Further Normal
identification of all
materials that were used list of materials
on
in construction and may used for the
15 Recycling SCF-specific board
need special handling due construction of
ship
to environmental and safety the hull structure
concerns
1) SCF-specific means documents to be developed especially to meet the requirements of these GBS guidelines
(MSC.1/Circ.1343).
2) Key construction plans means plans such as midship section, main O.T. and W.T. transverse bulkheads, construction
profiles/plans, shell expansions, forward and aft sections in cargo tank (or hold) region, engine-room construction,
forward construction and stern construction drawings.
3) Yard plans means a full set of structural drawings, which include scantling information of all structural members.
4) Hull form means a graphical or numerical representation of the geometry of the hull. Examples would include the
graphical description provided by a lines plan and the numerical description provided by the hull form data stored
within an onboard computer.
5) Lines plan means a special drawing which is dedicated to show the entire hull form of a ship.
6) Equivalent (to lines plan) means a set of information of hull form to be indicated in key construction plans for SCF
purposes. Sufficient information should be included in the drawings to provide the geometric definition to facilitate
the repair of any part of the hull structure.
7) Normal storage location means a standard location where each SCF information item should be stored. However,
those items listed as being on board in the table above should be on board as a minimum to ensure that they are
transferred with the ship on a change of owner.
8) Shore archive shall be operated in accordance with applicable international standards.
3.3 Review of ship construction file
3.3.1 The SCF shall be reviewed, at the time of newbuilding, in accordance with the requirements of
paragraph [3.2.1] and [3.2.2] and the normal storage location shall be distinguished.
Guidance note:
Review means the examination of the SCF that is carried out by the Society, at the end of the newbuilding process, to confirm
that:
— drawings and documents required under the paragraph 3 of the appendix 2 to the IACS UR Z23, plus
— the possible additional drawings/documents provided by the shipyard, as per the ship constructional file (SCF) list of drawings/
documents
are present in the copies of the SCF stored on board and in the ashore archive.
The review shall not be intended as an assessment of the drawings/documents in order to verify their compliances with the
applicable rules/regulations.
3.3.2 For the SCF stored on board ship, the surveyor shall verify that the information is placed on board the
ship, upon completion of ship construction.
3.3.3 For the SCF stored on shore archive, the surveyor shall verify that the information is stored on shore
archive by examining the list of information included on shore archive, upon completion of ship construction.
DNV AS
CHANGES – HISTORIC
Part 2 Chapter 4 Changes – historic
July 2021 edition
Updated external references Sec.1 Table 2 Added or updated references to:

— IACS Rec. No.140
— IACS UR W7
— IACS UR W8
— IACS UR W32
— ISO 2553
— ISO 5817
— ISO 9017
— ISO 10042
— ISO 15614-5
— ISO 17635.
Failure rate Sec.1 Table 3 Added definition for the failure rate and the NDT failure

rate shall be recorded by the builder.
Sec.7 [6.2.5]
IACS UR W32 revalidation requirements Sec.1 Table 4 Revalidation of welder skill can be periodically verified

by three different options.
Sec.3 [2.1.7]
Revised wording of guidance note under Sec.2 [1.1.2], Contradiction clarified - for NDT activities it is

Sec.7 [1.1.1] Sec.7 [1.1.1] recommended that the builder or its sub-supplier
may be approved according to DNV-CP-0484 App.B
(reference to ISO 17020 & ISO 17025 deleted).
Requirements for NDT suppliers Sec.2 [1.2], Moved requirements for NDT suppliers from Sec.2 [1.2]

Sec.2 [2.1], and Sec.2 [2.1] to Sec.7 [1.2.1].
Sec.7 [1.2.1]
Welding consumable (WC) grade for NV D/ Sec.4 Table 6 Adjusted the impact requirements for the WC grade

E47 used for NV D/E47 with the minimum thickness 70 mm
instead of 50 mm base material requirements.
Hybrid laser-arc welding and robotic Sec.5 [1.5.5] New subsection on hybrid laser-arc & robotic welding

welding with references to relevant class guidelines DNV-
Sec.5 [1.5.6] CG-0287 and -0162 added.
Additive manufacturing (AM) Sec.5 [1.5.7] New subsection on additive manufacturing (AM) of

metallic materials.
WPQT for partial penetration welds Sec.5 [1.7.2] Consider additional WPT for the qualification of partial

penetration welds using macro examination, if the
penetration deep is relevant.
WPQT bend test requirement for different Sec.5 [3.2.3] Same wording for the bend test requirement for plate

test piece thicknesses and pipe test pieces.
Sec.5 [3.3.2]
DNV AS
WPQT: test assembly length Sec.5 [3.2.1] Add guidance note to indicate that the given
requirements are minimum length, and that longer test
assembly may be necessary.
WPQT: min. test piece length 3000 mm Sec.5 [3.6.1] If automatic double side fillet welding in vertical down

position shall be qualified, the minimum test piece
Sec.5 Figure 14 length shall be 3000 mm as given in Sec.5 Figure 14.
WPQT deep penetration fillet welds Sec.5 [3.6.5] Added WPQT/WPT requirements for deep penetration

automatic fillet welds.
Sec.5 [6.2.6]
Sec.5 [6.2.9]
Sec.6 [5.3.21]
Sec.6 [5.3.22]
WPQT impact test acceptance criteria for Sec.5 [5.4.1] Rule text is amended to indicate that the acceptance

extra high strength structural steels criteria are given by the transverse requirements of the
base material for extra high strength structural steels,
where relevant.
WPQT impact requirement for multi-pass Sec.5 [5.4.1] Aligned the WPQT impact requirements for multi-pass

increased toughness weld increased toughness welds with IACS requirements and
Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10 [2.2.5] 3).
WPQT post-heating Sec.5 [6.2.9] Added condition which shall lead to a new qualification:

- deletion of post-heating (for hydrogen removal),
or change in post-heating temperature as essential
parameter for the WPQT.
WPQT validity range Sec.5 Table 13 Aligned the requirements for wide gap welding with the

requirements for ordinary welding.
WPQT impact requirement for NV D/E47 Sec.5 [7.1.4] Aligned the WPQT impact requirements with IACS URs.

grade BCA, COD and BCACOD plates with
thickness t > 50 mm
WPQT for equatorial profile and skirt Sec.5 [9.2.4] Added all weld metal tensile testing in addition to the

extend as already required for the aluminum WPQT.
Sec.5 [12.2.3]
WPT requirement for cargo containment Sec.5 [9.3] For under-matched welds WPT to be performed to

systems verify that under production conditions the achieved
transverse weld tensile strength is not less than the
actual yield strength of the parent metal used.
WPQT hardness requirements for duplex Sec.5 [10.1.3] Changed maximum hardness requirements to 350

steels HV10 for submerged components exposed to CP.
IACS UR W24 repair welding for cast Sec.5 [13.2] Updated the rules for the repair by welding of cast

copper alloy propellers copper alloy propellers based on IACS UR W24.
IACS UR W27 repair welding for cast steel Sec.5 [14.2] Updated the rules for the repair by welding of cast steel

propellers propellers based on IACS UR W27.
Welding environment for aluminium Sec.6 [4.1.5] Specified that welding environments for aluminium

shall be similar to those for stainless steel.
DNV AS
Cold forming Sec.6 [5.2.8] Specified that the welds shall not be significantly cold
formed, and indicated in guidance note what significant
means.
Root gap in production Sec.6 [5.3.3] Ambiguous sentence related root gap has been

removed.
PWHT requirements Sec.6 [6] Added minimum PWHT requirements.
References to NDT acceptance criteria in Sec.7 [1.1.3] Added reference to other NDT acceptance criteria in the

other rules rules.
Adaption of welding quality level for bottom Sec.7 Table 6 The welding quality level for the bottom plating of

plating of container ships to latest fatigue container ships have been reduced to ISO 5817 level
assessment results C. Fatigue assessments show that ISO 5817 level C is
sufficient for bottom plating.
Ship construction file (SCF) Sec.9 [2] Aligned with IACS UR Z23. New section for all ships

is added in [2]. Existing chapters for ships built in
Sec.9 [1.1.1] compliance with GBS are given new numbers.
Sec.9 [1.1.2]
New requirement for cable transit register Sec.9 [2.2] Updated in accordance with IACS UR Z28.
Sec.9 [3.2.1]
Rebranding to DNV All This document has been revised due to the rebranding

of DNV GL to DNV. The following have been updated:
the company name, material and certificate
designations, and references to other documents in
the DNV portfolio. Some of the documents referred to
may not yet have been rebranded. If so, please see the
relevant DNV GL document.
July 2020 edition
Amendments January 2021, entering into force 1 July 2021
Updated external references Sec.1 Table 2 Added or updated references to:

— ASME BPVC IX
— ASME BPVC V
— EN ISO 9712:2012
— ISO 3452:2013
— ISO 11666:2018
— ISO 10675:2016
— ISO 23277:2015
— ISO 15626:2018
— ISO 19285:2017.
Updated terminology and Sec.1 Table 3 Probability of detection (POD) indicates the probability that a

definitions testing technique will detect a given flaw.
DNV AS
IACS UR W33 Non-destructive Sec.7 [1.5.3] Added that preparation and cleaning shall be in accordance with
testing of ship hull steel welds approved NDT procedures.
Sec.7 [1.5.4] Added final NDT after heat treatment.
Sec.7 [1.5.5] Completion of NDT after delay time. Added specific delay time
table.
Sec.7 [1.5.6] Added delay time requirement for steels regardless of yield
strength grade.
Sec.7 [1.5.7] Added the possibility of relaxation of delay time period.
Sec.7 [2.1.3] Added that NDT reports shall be in line with the approved NDT
procedures.
Sec.7 [6.1.2] and Former subsection [6.1.1] updated and split into subsections
Sec.7 [6.1.3] [6.1.2] and [6.1.3].
Sec.7 [6.1.4] Added correlation of quality level references for RT on
aluminium.
IACS UR W34 Advanced non- Sec.7 [2.1.1] Added note that qualification of advanced NDT shall follow

destructive testing of materials special procedure prior to approval.
and welds
Sec.7 [2.1.3] Added that the content of the report shall be in accordance with
the procedure.
Sec.7 [2.7] and Sec.7 Added that for advanced NDT the technique and procedure
[2.7.1] qualification shall be in accordance with DNVGL-CG-0051.
Sec.7 [6.1.5] Added acceptance level for TOFD.
Sec.7 [6.1.6] Added acceptance level of PAUT.
Sec.7 [6.2.1] Added subsection for indications exceeding the applicable
acceptance criteria.
WWA for permanent Sec.1 [1.3.2], Sec.1 If permanent underwater wet-welding shall be approved for

underwater wet-welding and [1.3.3], Sec.1 [1.3.4] repairs, the welding workshop shall be DNV GL approved as in
the repairs and Sec.1 Table 4 general required for important components.
WWA for chemical or gas cargo Sec.1 Table 1 WWA requirement for chemical or gas cargo piping systems

piping systems included similar to that for class I and II piping systems.
IACS UR W35 - Requirements Sec.1 Table 2 Align relevant standards for personnel qualification and

for NDT Suppliers certification with IACS UR W35.
Sec.1 Table 4 The supervisor shall be certified by an accredited certification
body - no in-house certification or appointment by the
manufacturer.
Sec.1 Table 8 Added survey, inspection and testing requirements for non-
destructive testing.
DNV AS
Sec.2 [1.2.2] List of documentation requirements to be fulfilled by NDT
suppliers.
Sec.2 [2.1.2] New subsection. List of requirements for the documentation
extent of the quality management system to be fulfilled by NDT
suppliers.
Sec.7 [1.1.1] Added quality aspects regarding competence and internal
quality control for NDT suppliers.
Sec.7 Table 1 Added NDT personnel certification for operator(s) and
supervisor(s) and supervisor tasks.
Sec.7 [2.1.1] Requirement of written procedures to be approved by level 3
personnel.
Sec.7 [3.1] Added acceptance of employer-based qualification schemes,
in case the written practice does comply with ISO 9712
qualification scheme.
Sec.7 [3.2] Clarification of requirements for NDT operators.
Sec.7 [3.3] Added requirements to NDT supervisors.
Sec.7 [4] Added requirements to the use and documentation of NDT
equipment for operators.
Definition of NDT supplier and Sec.1 Table 3 Added the terms NDT supplier and wet welding.

wet-welding
WPQR recognition Sec.1 Table 6 WPQR's may be recognized by DNV GL if the WPQTs have been

witnessed and approved by a party recognized by the Society.
Added Guidance Note Sec.2 [1.1.2] Defines the user for which the specific NDT requirements are

not applicable.
Welder certification Sec.3 [2.1.1] Specification of who may certify welders. It was not clear

whether welders qualification records according to AWS or
ASME standard are valid without a DNV GL or third party
endorsement. To make this more clear the rules have been
aligned accordingly.
WPQT hardness indentation in Sec.5 [3.2.7] Two additional indentations in the HAZ shall be made at a

butt weld distance < 0.5 mm between the centrepoint of the indentation
and the fusion line.
WPQT impact test requirement Sec.5 [3.2.9] For cryogenic service where thin material is used the impact

for thin material below 6 mm testing shall be included for the welding procedure qualification.
WPQT for pipe, tube or hollow Sec.5 [3.3.1] Added guidance note to explain the term 'pipe'.

section
WPQT bend test requirement Sec.5 [3.3.2] Same wording for the bend test requirement for pipes and

for pipes plates.
WPQT NDT requirements Sec.5 [4.1.1], Sec.5 Aligned the NDT acceptance criteria for butt welds: undercut,

[4.2.1] excess weld metal, incorrect weld toe and excess penetration
for which level C applies, and for fillet welds: undercut,
incorrect weld toe, excessive convexity and excessive throat
thickness for which level C applies.
DNV AS
WPQT impact requirements Sec.5 [5.4.2] Added impact requirements for pressure pipe systems.
WPQT, change of consumable Sec.5 [6.2.6] If the consumable brand will be changed the CTOD properties of

brand for COD steels shall lead the new consumable brand shall be qualified prior to the use in
to a new qualification test production.
WPQT/WPT Charpy V-notch Sec.5 [9.2.3] Removed the HAZ Charpy V-notch testing for austenitic steels.

testing for austenitic steels are Alignment with former DNV GL rules.
only to be taken from the weld
metal
Cold forming of welded plates Sec.6 [5.2.8] If cold forming is applied on welded plates, pre-qualification

tests may be required depending on the deformation rate, the
material and welding consumable properties.
MT after removal of temporary Sec.6 [5.3.20] According to Sec.7 Table 3, 100% MT is required for very thick

JIG on VL D/E47 structural steel in the upper hull of container ships. Therefore
100% MT shall be also applied after the removal of temporary
JIG.
DNV AS
July 2019 edition
Welding workshop approval Sec.1 [1.3.3] and Added text to waive the WWA for builders fabricating also

(WWA) Sec.1 Table 1 class I and II pipes and removed components covered by the
Society's own fabrication / builder review.
Application of non-type Sec.1 Table 5 Added requirements for welding consumables without type

approved welding consumables approval.
Welder qualification as per Sec.1 Table 4 Clarification and added qualification to certificate.

AWS
Sec.1 [1.3.1], Sec.1 'Certified welder' corrected to 'certified/qualified welder'.
Table 7, Sec.3 [2.1.1],
Sec.3 [2.1.4] and
Sec.3 [2.1.5]
Welding consumable grade 3/4 Sec.4 Table 1 Added Y89 and Y96 welding consumable grades.

Y89/96 and III/IV Y89/96 for
extra high strength steels
Gas composition Sec.4 Table 8 Gas composition range aligned with IACS UR W17.
Welding procedure Sec.5 [1.1.3] New subsection on welding procedure requirements for welding

requirements of clad steel plates and explosion bonded steel-aluminium
transition joints.
Terminology butt weld vs T- Sec.5 [1.5.1], Sec.5 — 'T-butt' corrected to 'T-, K-, and Y-joints'

butt [3.2.7], Sec.5 [4.1], — Wide gap welding: 'butt joints' corrected to 'butt joints and
Sec.5 [6.2.3] and T-, K-, and Y-joints', and added 'abutting member'.
Sec.5 [12.5.1]
Friction stir welding of Sec.5 [1.6.2] New subsection on friction stir welding of aluminium.

aluminium
Essential fillet welds: Sec.5 [2.2.3] Essential fillet welds removed. Text rephrased to make it

clarification applicable for welds (butt and fillet) in general. Removed
welding of highly stressed butt welds and cruciform joints
located at large hatch openings because it is covered by welds
in hull structure.
Macro test from stop-restart Sec.5 [3.6.2] Added single run manual and semi-automatic welding.

position
WPQT for pipe fillet joints: Sec.5 [3.6.2] Added for pipe fillet welds: one additional macrosection test.

fracture test
Bend test evaluation/ Sec.5 [5.2.1] Specified requirements for corner cracks and added guidance

acceptance criteria note for the evaluation of multiple small discontinuities.
WPS details for welding where Sec.5 [6.2.2] e) Requirement added that specific parameters affecting the

CTOD properties are required CTOD properties shall be specified on the WPS. Guidance note
added that the specification for chemical composition of base
materials may typically give ranges as indicated in EN 10225
Option 18 or API RP2Z.
DNV AS
Welding procedure Sec.5 [6.2.2] a) The requalification requirement 'for change in delivery condition
qualification range for TM TM to other', is removed.
materials
Base material approval range Sec.5 [6.2.2] b) Clarification by adding one more example, qualification of grade

for WPS E420 will qualify grades A420 to E420 and A40 to E40.
WPS / WPQT Maximum Sec.5 Table 8 Removed the 150 mm limit.

thickness qualified
WPS / WPQT Thickness A new subnote added for qualified thickness range in case of
approval range for CTOD CTOD requirement.
WPS / WPQT Thickness A new subnote added as follows: 'for fillet welds on castings
approval range for fillet welds and forgings, qualification of thickness ≥ 30 mm will qualify
for forging or casting and unlimited maximum thickness'.
rolled steel
WPS / WPQT thickness Old note 2) (new note 7)) moved to the single run column and
approval range for single run thickness range 12 < t ≤ 100.
high heat input welding
Change of welding consumable Sec.5 [6.2.6] Added: '- change of consumable brand for high heat input

brand for high heat input welding (> 50 kJ/cm)'.
welding
Perform impact tests required Sec.5 [7] Text corrected such that impact toughness test at 1/2 t is only

for VL D47 / VL E47 steels required for VL D/E47 with BCA, COD or BCACOD and thickness
without BCA, COD or BCACOD: t > 50 mm.
clarification
Temporary corrosion/oxidation Sec.6 [3.1] and Sec.6 Text aligned and included temporary corrosion/oxidation

preventing coatings on [5.3.5] preventive coatings.
surfaces to be welded
Cold forming of extra high Sec.6 [5.2.2] Added requirements and guidance for cold forming of extra high

strength steels strength steels up to VL 960.
Cold forming Sec.6 [5.2.3] Limitation of cold forming to grades up to VL 690.
Welding in cold formed areas Sec.6 [5.2.5] Clarified that special consideration is applicable for welding in

cold formed areas with cold forming more than specified limit
given in Sec.6 [5.2.2].
Extension of NDT for non- Sec.7 [5.2.1] Additional sub-item included to waive extended testing scope if

conforming weldments the discontinuity is isolated and volumetric.
Inspection on tested weld Sec.8 [2.4.4.4] Text aligned to comply with IACS UR S14, Rev.6.
Clarification of requirements Sec.8 Table 2 Doors and hatch covers which become immersed by an

to hydrostatic pressure test for equilibrium or an intermediate water plane in a damaged
doors and hatch covers condition shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test.
DNV AS
July 2018 edition
Amendments February 2019
WWA requirement for builders Sec.1 [1.3.2] Removed requirement for welding workshop approval of hull,

superstructure taking part in the overall strength including
blocks.
Sec.1 [1.3.3] Clarified that WWA is not required for builders and their
subcontractors for hull structures and approved manufacturer
(AoM) qualified for welding.
Sec.1 Table 1 Removed WWA requirement for personnel lifts and pressure
equipment.
Sec.1 Table 4 Removed hull structures and pressure equipment. Clarified that
WWA is not required for builders and their subcontractors for
hull structure and repairs or alterations to fleet in service.
Sec.1 Table 7 Removed WWA requirement.
Sec.2 [1.2] Removed certification requirement.
Sec.2 Table 1 Removed WWA requirement.
Sec.5 [6.1.1] Removed WWA requirement.
Changes July 2018, entering into force as from date of publication
Relevant rule text is reversed to January 2017 edition.
Sec.3
Requirements according to IACS UR W32 removed.
Revision of rule text
Added guidance note for IACS UR W32 as a recognised
Sec.3 [2.1.1]
qualification scheme for welders of hull structural steels.
Added for H135 in the column "Additional description":
NDT procedures to be
Sec.1 Table 6 Applicable for vessel specific NDT procedure not already
approved
approved".
For branch connection "plate" is corrected to "pipe". Alternative
Text corrected for branch
testing on specimens from a butt weld assembly is added. Text
connection, fillet weld fracture Sec.5 [3.5.1], Sec.5
amended such that fracture test is only required for plate fillet
test and include partial [3.6.2], Sec.5 [6.2.3]
welds. Partial penetration welds added to the definition for the
penetration welds
qualified thickness range.
DNV AS
A design option for ULCV acc. to Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10 [2.2.5]
Charpy V-notch test
requires multi-pass welds with increased toughness. For high
requirements for multi-pass
strength structural steels requirements added: the Charpy V-
increased toughness welds Sec.5 [5.4.1]
notch test temperature and the average value for absorbed
according to Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10
energy shall be the same as required for the base metal. Added
[2.2.5]
notch positions to be tested.
WPS for qualification of CTOD: Requirement added: For steels for container ships where
validity scope for chemical Sec.5 [6.2.2] qualification of CTOD for the weld is required, the chemical
composition composition limitations shall be agreed.
Move guidance note Sec.6 [5.1.3] Guidance note moved from Sec.6 [5.1.4] to Sec.6 [5.1.3].
Added a new paragraph for the shielding/backing gas of
Oxidation when welding on
Sec.6 [5.3.14] stainless steel welds and a guidance note to avoid detrimental
stainless steel
oxidation.
Adjusted text for WPS/WPQT
on BCA, COD and BCACOD Sec.6 [5.3.20] Rephrasing of bullet 5.
steels
Amend text for 'qualified Deleted [1.1.3], amended Sec.7 [1.1.1] and guidance note
Sec.7 [1.1.1], [1.1.3]
inspection body' moved to Sec.7 [1.1.1].
Replaced indication by Sec.7 [2.4.3] and
Indication replaced by imperfection.
imperfection Sec.7 Table 3
Moving NDT requirement
Sec.7 [4.1.4], Sec.7
for upper hull longitudinal
Table 2 and Sec.7 Requirements transferred from Pt.5 Ch.2 Sec.10.
structural members of
Table 3
container ships
NDT requirements for welds
NDT procedures aligned with the usual DNV GL procedures.
on very thick steel plates for
Sec.7 [4], Sec.7 [5] Introduction of the term "increased sensitivity NDT" which is
ULCV according to Pt.5 Ch.2
more accurate than previously used "enhanced NDT".
Sec.10 [2.2.5]
Simplify table for NDT
Sec.7 Table 3 Merged columns with same NDT acceptance criteria.
acceptance criteria
Text adjusted for non- Adjusted the text for the scope of extended testing for non-
Sec.7 [5.2.1]
conforming weldments conforming discontinuity.
January 2018 edition
Amendments January 2018
Only editorial corrections have been made.
DNV AS
Changes January 2018, entering into force as from date of
publication
NDT procedures to be Sec.1 Table 6, NDT procedures to be changed from agreed to approved. New

approved Sec.1 Table 7, documentation type 'H135 - Non-destructive testing (NDT)
procedure' added.
Sec.1 Table 8
Sec.7 [2.1.1] NDT procedures to be changed from agreed to approved.
Welding procedure Sec.5 [1.1.1], Adjusted wording from austenitic stainless steel to austenitic

requirements for high Sec.5 [3.2.5], steel to include high manganese grades. Requirements for bend
manganese grades testing aligned.
Sec.5 [3.2.9],
Sec.5 [5.4.2],
Sec.5 [6.2.2],
Sec.5 [9.2.2],
Sec.5 [9.4.2],
Sec.5 [11]
Wording with respect to CTOD Sec.5 [3.2.10] Clarification that fracture mechanics (FM) testing for base

test of BM material can be waived for specific cases.
Number and location of Sec.5 [3.6.1] and Definition of stop/restart position for single run fillet weld.

hardness measurements for Sec.5 [3.6.2] Hardness measurement for one macrosection taken from the
fillet weld weld start of the test assembly only.
WPQT Heat input range Sec.5 [6.2.9] Qualified range for high heat input welding changed to

coverage for high heat input +10/-25%.
welding
WPQT Notch bar impact test Sec.5 [9.2.2] Requirement concerning number of notch bar impact test

for austenitic stainless steels specimen for austenitic stainless steels aligned with IGC code.
for liquefied gas systems
Wide gap welding Sec.6 [5.3.3] Reduced application range of wide gap WPS in general

production welding in order to reduce possible weld
imperfections.
Clarification of requirements Sec.5 [8.2.2] — Deleted redundant statement on requirements for charpy v-

for charpy v-notch testing notch test, covered by Sec.5 [5.4.1].
— Clarified that for WPQ test of COD grades - welds in plates,
additional notch locations to be tested is applicable for t >
50 mm.
DNV AS
July 2017 edition
Sec.3 [1.1] New paragraphs inserted and previous paragraph relocated.
New subsection added for 'Welders qualification for hull
Sec.3 [2]
Implementation IACS UR W32 - structures'
Qualification scheme for New subsection added for 'Welders qualification for other
welders of hull Sec.3 [3]
applications than hull structures'.
structural steels
Relocated subsection 1.5 for 'Requirements for welding
Sec.3 [4] operators'. Considered operators responsibility and adjusted
the required records of proficiency.
Hardness requirement is given for cases where no
Hardness requirements for
Sec.5 [10.1.3] requirements are specified for base material and welding
duplex steels
consumable.
Gap more than 1,5xt (or 25 mm) shall, unless specially
Requirements to insert plates Sec.5 [1.5.1]
agreed, be repaired by insert.
Add welding procedure
Added sentence in line with IACS UR W28, stating that
requirement for high heat input
Sec.5 [6.2.9] change of consumable brand for processes with heat input
welding when consumable
more than 50 kJ/cm requires new qualification.
brand change
Operators only producing radiographs and not performing
Added reference to CG-0051 film interpretation may be qualified and certified in RT
Sec.7 [3.2]
for NDT operator qualification at level 1 in accordance with an accredited 3rd party
certification scheme based on EN ISO 9712.
Sec.7 [1.4]
Visual testing - Allow VT inspections by qualified personnel. Level II is not
Sec.7 Table 1
qualification requirements required for VT inspection.
Sec.7 [3]
In the last revision of UR S14 (Rev.6), it has been divided in
two parts, Part A for SOLAS-ships and Part B for non-SOLAS
Implementation of UR S14, ships. Our rules are aligned with the new format.
rev.6 - Testing procedures of Sec.8
watertight compartments There are changes to all sub-sections in section 8. S14 has
been used as the leading document and the rules have been
adopted as far as practicable.
Requirements to review of ship
New requirement implemented for review of ship construction
construction file (IACS UR Z23 Sec.9 [4.3]
file in accordance with IACS URZ23 Rev.6 in 4.3.
rev.6)
DNV AS
January 2017 edition
Main changes January 2017, entering into force 1 January 2017
• Sec.1 General
— Sec.1 [1.3.1]: Reference to assignment of class has been deleted
— Sec.1 [1.3.2]: Paragraph deleted
— Sec.1 [1.3.3]: Applicable structures/components or WWA included
— Sec.1 Table 2: Added reference for ISO 17662
— Sec.1 Table 3: Reference to EN 1011-1 regarding thermal efficiency
— Sec.1 Table 3: Heat input for multi-wire welding included
— Sec.1 Table 3: Essential welding parameters included
— Sec.1 Table 4: Clarification of applicability of WWA
— Sec.1 Table 6: Additional description revised for welding
— Sec.1 Table 7: Document type revised
— Sec.1 Table 7: Additional description revised
• Sec.3 Qualification of welders
— Sec.3 [2.1.1]: Reference to EN 287 deleted
• Sec.4 Welding consumables
— Sec.4 [1.5.1]: Added steel groups
— Sec.4 [1.5.4]: Added paragraph and reference for welding consumables for the repair of copper alloys
— Sec.4 [1.5.5]: Added paragraph for welding consumables for other non-ferritic materials
— Sec.4 [1.5.6]: Welding consumables for steel grades with minimum specified yield strength 890 and 960
MPa included
— Sec.4 Table 6: Comment for welding consumables Y42
— Sec.4 Table 7: Reference revised
• Sec.5 Welding procedures
— Sec.5 [1.1.1]: BCA and COD grades included
— Sec.5 [1.4.1]: Requirement for weldability of the base metal using high heat input welding deleted
— Sec.5 [1.5.1]: Maximum thickness set for wide gap welding
— Sec.5 [2.1.3]: Added Guidance Note for Calibration and validation
— Sec.5 [2.1.6]: Weld bead included to weld parameters to be recorded
— Sec.5 [2.1.7]: Added WPQR and corresponding
— Sec.5 [3.1.1]: Guidance note revised
— Sec.5 [3.1.2]: Paragraph transferred into guidance note
— Sec.5 [3.2.5]: Mandrel diameter for SMYS > 690 MPa included
— Sec.5 [3.6.1]: Added text for vertical-down fillet welds on structural steel grades A to F40
— Sec.5 [5.3.2]: Maximum hardness limit for VL 890 and VL 960 included
— Sec.5 [5.6.1]: Added text and guidance note / example for the qualification range of steels
— Sec.5 [6.2.2]: Deleted under d) first bullet point; new qualification only for TM steels not pre-qualified
requested
— Sec.5 [6.2.6]: Information on consumable classification added
DNV AS
— Sec.5 [6.2.9]: Added exemption for SMAW in welding current change from A.C. to D.C.
— Sec.5 [8.2.3]: Added text in guidance note for essential parameters
— Sec.5 [8.3.2]: Added definition for t
— Sec.5 [9.2.2]: Adjusted text for Charpy V-notch locations acc. to the IGC code and added test
temperature for austenitic stainless steels
— Sec.5 [11.2.1]: Added minimum
— Sec.5 [12.2.5]: Added paragraph for the macrosection
— Sec.5 Table 15: Filler grade 5556 included
• Sec.6 Fabrication and tolerances
— Sec.6 [5.2.3]: Added text and guidance note for representatively cold formed material
— Sec.6 [5.3.10]: Added text for tack welding - when integrated in production weld
— Sec.6 [6.1.2]: Added or and followed by
• Sec.7 Non destructive testing of welds
— Sec.7 [1.1.3]: Adjusted text for the inspection body to a guidance note
July 2016 edition
Main changes July 2016, entering into force January 2017
• Sec.1 General
— Sec.1 Table 5: Document type H133 shall always be submitted
— Sec.1 Table 5: Document type H150 removed and replaced by H200
— Sec.1 Table 5: Document type Q010 and Q020 removed
— Sec.1 Table 5: Document type H140 added to table
— Sec.1 Table 5: Explanation for WPS added
— Sec.1 Table 6: Document type Q010 and Q020 added
— Sec.1 Table 6: Requirements for NDT procedures already given in the text are now added to the overview
table.
— Sec.5 [7.1.4]: Charpy V-notch test requirements have been aligned with IACS UR W31
— Sec.5 [9.1]: Wording updated
— Sec.5 [14]: Figure 28 removed
• Sec.6 Fabrication and tolerances
— Sec.6 [5.3.3]: Wording updated
• Sec.7 Non destructive testing of welds
— Sec.7 [2.4.1]: Wording updated
DNV AS
October 2015 edition
This is a new document.
The rules enter into force 1 January 2016.
Amendments January 2016
• General
— Only editorial corrections have been made.
Amendments October 2015
— Table 8 has been corrected.
DNV AS
About DNV
DNV is the independent expert in risk management and assurance, operating in more than 100
countries. Through its broad experience and deep expertise DNV advances safety and sustainable
performance, sets industry benchmarks, and inspires and invents solutions.
Whether assessing a new ship design, optimizing the performance of a wind farm, analyzing sensor
data from a gas pipeline or certifying a food company’s supply chain, DNV enables its customers and
their stakeholders to make critical decisions with confidence.
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DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4. (2022.07) - Ship Hull Welds

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Topic Reference Description

External references Sec.1 Table 2 Added or updated references to:

Scope of non-destructive Sec.7 [5.1.3] Correction of NDT scope for container ships.

Test requirements for LFL fuel Sec.8 Table 2 Added test requirements for LFL fuel tanks designed for

Test requirements for chemical Sec.8 Table 2 Added note 11 in order to include relevant tanks.

Test requirement for free Sec.8 Table 3 Added item 4.

Section 5 Welding procedures...............................................................................34

Section 9 Ship construction file.......................................................................... 120

Changes – historic.............................................................................................. 129

H130 - Fabrication specification For builders unknown to the Society. FI, L, R

Ship hull structure H133 - Erection and inspection plan FI, L

Structural materials M010 - Material specification, metals FI, L, R

Item Documentation type Additional description

Hull survey for new Records — The builder shall maintain the records acc. to IACS

Quality manual Q010 To be submitted for information.

Document control Q020 To be submitted for information.

Welding operators Records of proficiency Evidence that the operators are receiving adequate

Welders' list Card index or register Of all for the project relevant certified/qualified

Welding consumables Welding consumables list List of all project relevant welding consumables and

Welding procedures M060 To be submitted for approval.

Preheating Preheating procedure See Sec.6 [5.3.8].

Forming and straightening Forming and straightening Forming and straightening of materials shall be

Cold forming Document of manufacturer See Sec.6 [5.2].

NDT procedure M151 To be submitted for approval.

NV D420 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V

t ≤ 70 mm 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V

t > 70 mm 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V

t ≤ 70 mm 4/IV, 5/V 4/IV, 5/V

t > 70 mm 5/V 5/V

NV D500 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V

NV D550 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V

NV D620 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V 3/III, 4/IV, 5/V

NV 5052, NV 5754 NV 5083 NV 6060, NV 6061

Item Documentation type Additional description

pWPS Preliminary welding procedure The builder or subcontractor shall submit to the Society

Instruments for checking Calibration records All relevant instruments for checking of welding

Type of butt Heat input Plate thickness, Notch location

≤ 50 20 < t ≤ 50 WM, FL, FL+2 WM

> 50 WM, FL, FL+2 WM, FL

> 200 ≤ 20 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5, FL+10 -

> 20 WM, FL, FL+2, FL+5, FL+10 WM, FL, FL+2

t ≤ 3 0.7 × t to 1.3 × t 0.7 × t to 2 × t

3 < t ≤ 12 0.7 × t to 1.1 × t 3 mm to 2 × t

FLAT POSITION 1F (PA)

AXIS OF WELD VERTICAL

VERTICAL POSITION 3F Note : One pla te mus t be ho rizon ta l

Automatic 0.8 2 -0.8, +1.2

2G + 5G = 6G All All All All

NV 5052 0, H111, H32, H34 5356, 5556 170

NV 5754 0, H111, H24 5356, 5183, 5556 190

NV 5154A 0, H111, H32, H34 5356, 5183, 5556 215

NV 5454 0, H111, H32, H34 5356, 5183, 5556 215

NV 5086 0, H111, H112, H116, H321, H34 5356, 5183, 5556 240

0, H111, H112; t ≤ 6 mm 5183 270

NV 5383 0, H111, H116, H321 5183, 5556 290

NV 5059 0, H111, H116, H321 5183 330

NV 6060 T4, T5, T6 5356, 5183, 5556 95

NV 6061 T4, T5, T6 5356, 5183, 5556 165

NV 6063 T4, T5, T6 5356, 5183, 5556 100

NV 6005A T4, T5, T6 5356, 5183, 5556 165