I NTE RNATI O NAL ISO

STAN DARD 7963

T h i rd ed ition

2 0 2 2 -10

Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic

testing — Specification for calibration
block No. 2
Essais non destructifs — Contrôle par ultrasons — Spécifications
relatives au bloc d’étalonnage n° 2

Reference numb er

I SO 79 63 : 2 0 2 2 (E )

© ISO 2 02 2
LUIS A. LOPEZ | PIVOT-OST
ISO 7963:2022(E)

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© ISO 2022

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Published in Switzerland

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 ISO 7963:2022(E)

Contents Page

Foreword .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . iv
Introduction . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . v
1 Scope . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 1
2 Normative re ferences . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1

3 Terms and definitions . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1

4 Manu facture . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1
4.1 Ste el . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 1

4. 2 D i men s ion s . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1

4. 3 M ach i n i ng , he at tre atment a nd s u r face fi n i s h .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . 2

4.4 Re ference marks . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 3

5 Methods o f use .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 4
5 .1 S e tti ng o f the ti me b as e . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 4

5 .1 .1 G enera l . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 4

5 .1 . 2 S e tti ng o f the ti me b a s e up to 1 2 5 m m s te el with a s tra ight-b e a m prob e . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 4

5 .1 . 3 S e tti ng o f the ti me b as e for 10 0 m m or 1 2 5 m m s te el with a m i n i atu re

angle -b e a m prob e . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 4

5.2 S en s iti vity s e tti ng and prob e che cki ng . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 5

5 . 2 .1 G enera l . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 5

5.2 .2 S en s itivity s e tti ng with a s traight-b e a m prob e . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 5

5.2 .3 M i n i atu re a ngle -b e am prob e s . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . 6

6 Declaration o f con formity . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . 7

Bibliography . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 9

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ISO 7963:2022(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation o f national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the di fferent approval criteria needed for the
di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted. This document was dra fted in accordance with the
editorial rules o f the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www. iso . org/direc tives) .
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights. Details o f
any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list o f patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) .
Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation o f the voluntary nature o f standards, the meaning o f ISO specific terms and
expressions related to con formity assessment, as well as in formation about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www. iso. org/iso/foreword. htm l .

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing,
Subcommittee SC 3, Ultrasonic testing in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7963:2006), which has been technically
revised.

The main changes are as follows:

— document structure aligned with ISO 2400;
— normative re ferences updated;
— wording updated;
— Annex A deleted and the relevant in formation shi fted to the main text;
— , and 6 corrected;
Figures 1 3

— tempering aligned with ISO 2400.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing o f these bodies can be found at www. iso . org/memb ers . htm l .

LUIS A. LOPEZ | PIVOT-OST

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 ISO 7963:2022(E)

Introduction
Calibration block No. 2 is made o f steel and may be used for all ultrasonic testing, as calibration
block No. 1 described in ISO 2400.
Calibration block No. 2 di ffers in size and shape from calibration block No.1 but is made from the same
material.
Calibration block No. 2 is much smaller and lighter, and its geometry is much simpler than block No 1.
Calibration block No. 2 does not o ffer as much scope as the larger block No.1; in particular it is not
meant to check an ultrasonic instrument completely.
However, calibration block No. 2 makes it possible, during practical testing, to check simply, from time
to time, the setting o f the time base and the sensitivity o f the ultrasonic instrument. Moreover, it is
suited to check the beam angle and the probe index point o f miniature angle-beam probes.
The International Institute o f Welding (IIW) and its members developed the designs o f steel calibration
blocks in the 1950s and 1960s which were originally indicated as “IIW calibration block 1” and
“IIW calibration block 2”. These designs have been adopted widely and they form the basis o f many
blocks currently available.
The smaller type block is sometimes indicated as “Rompas block” or “miniature angle-beam block
(MAB)”, respectively named a fter the original Dutch designer or the intended use.
Some commercially available blocks look similar to calibration block No. 2, however such blocks are not
necessarily according to this document and can have di fferent features, dimensions or materials.
The details o f calibration block No. 2, as specified in this document, have been adapted over time.

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LUIS A. LOPEZ | PIVOT-OST
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7963:2022(E)

Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing —

Specification for calibration block No. 2

1 Scope
T h i s do c ument s p e ci fie s the re qu i rements for the d i men s ion s , materi a l , manu fac tu re and me tho d s o f

use for c a l ibration blo ck No . 2 for s e tti ng a nd che cki ng u ltras on ic te s t e qu ipment.

2 Normative re ferences

T he fol lowi ng do c u ments are re ferre d to i n the tex t i n s uch a way th at s ome or a l l o f thei r content

con s titute s re qu i rements o f th i s do c u ment. For date d re ference s , on ly the e d ition cite d appl ie s . For

u ndate d re ference s , the late s t e d ition o f the re ference d do c ument (i nclud i ng a ny amend ments) appl ie s .

I SO 2 40 0, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 1

I S O 5 5 7 7, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Vocabulary

E N 10 02 5 -2 , Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy

structural steels

3 Terms and definitions

For the pu r p o s e s o f th i s do c u ment, the term s and defi nition s given i n I S O 5 5 7 7 apply.

I S O and I E C mai nta i n term i nolo g y datab a s e s for u s e i n s ta nda rd i z ation at the fol lowi ng add re s s e s:

— I S O O n l i ne brows i ng pl at form: avai l able at http s:// www. iso . org/obp

— I E C E le c trop e d ia: avai lable at https:// www. ele c trop e d ia . org/

4 Manu facture

4.1 Steel

B lo cks s ha l l b e manu fac tu re d from s te el grade S 3 5 5 J0 , s p e c i fie d i n E N 10 02 5 -2 , or from s te el o f an

e quiva lent grade .

4.2 Dimensions

T he d i men s ion s o f c a l ibration blo ck No . 2 s ha l l b e a s shown i n Figure 1 .

T he th ickne s s o f the blo ck may b e gre ater tha n 1 2 , 5 m m, for e xample 2 0 m m or 2 5 m m, when u s i ng

non-m i n i atu re prob e s .

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ISO 7963:2022(E)

D imensions in millimetres

Surface roughness in micrometres

Key
1 reflecting surface
Tolerances, unless otherwise stated: ±0,10 mm Height o f characters for angle indents: 3 mm
Tolerances on the length o f the engraved scale: ±0,5 mm
NOTE Sur face roughness values, Ra , are according to ISO 21920-2. Di fferent values for the sur face roughness
are given because o f di fferent functions o f the sur faces, e.g. test sur face or reflecting sur face.

Figure 1 — Calibration block No. 2 — Dimensions o f block and scales

4.3 Machining, heat treatment and surface finish

A proo f for homogeneity o f the material and the determination o f the sound velocities in perpendicular
directions is only possible on a rectangular block.
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 ISO 7963:2022(E)

Additionally, to determine the sound velocities with the required precision, a thickness larger than
12,5 mm o f calibration block No. 2 is needed.
There fore, it is recommended to manu facture a large rectangular block as for calibration block No. 1
according to ISO 2400 as a semi-finished block.
a) The block shall be rough-machined to a dimension o f 320 mm × 120 mm × 30 mm be fore heat
treatment which shall consist o f:
1) austenitizing at 920 °C for 30 min;
2) rapid cooling (quenching) in water;
3) tempering by heating to 650 °C for 3 h;
4) cooling in still air.
b) At least 2 mm shall be removed from all sur faces a fter heat treatment.
c) Prior to final machining, the semi-finished block shall be proven to be free from internal
discontinuities .

1) For this purpose, an ultrasonic test shall be carried out a fter the heat treatment, with a
longitudinal wave probe o f at least 10 MHz nominal centre frequency and having a transducer
size o f 10 mm to 15 mm. The block shall be checked on the basis o f all four long faces to cover
the complete volume.

2) With the probe positioned on the largest face o f the block, the instrument gain shall be set to
achieve a grain scatter noise o f 10 % o f the full screen height.
3) No echo from internal imper fections shall have an amplitude greater than that o f the grain
scatter noise.
d) Prior to final machining, the velocities o f longitudinal and transverse waves shall be determined as
specified in ISO 2400.
1) The velocities shall be determined within a maximum permissible error o f ±0,2 %, i.e. with an
uncertainty o f ±6 m/s for transverse waves and ±12 m/s for longitudinal waves.
2) The determined longitudinal wave velocity, v , shall be (5 920 ± 30) m/s and the transverse
l

wave velocity, v , shall be (3 255 ± 15) m/s.

t

e) Then cut this large block into smaller parts to continue with the manu facturing o f calibration
blocks No. 2.
f ) All external sur faces shall be machined to a Ra value according to Figure 1 .
g) In order to prevent parasitic e ffects, the depth o f the marks o f the engraved scale, text and numbers
shall be (0,1 ± 0,05) mm.
h) The length o f the marks shall be 6 mm or 3 mm, and the tolerance on the positioning o f the marks
shall be ±0,2 mm.

4.4 Re ference marks

a) Re ference marks as shown in Figure 1 shall be permanent.
b) Additionally, the block shall be permanently marked with:
1) the manu facturer's name or logo;
2) the re ference to this document (i.e. ISO 7963); and

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ISO 7963:2022(E)

3) a unique serial number.

5 Methods o f use

5.1 Setting o f the time base

5.1.1 General

To set the time base, the leading edge (le ft side) o f successive echoes shall be adjusted to coincide with
the appropriate scale markings on the screen o f the ultrasonic instrument.
The time o f flight o f the pulses depends on the velocity o f ultrasonic waves in the tested material.

5.1.2 Setting o f the time base up to 12 5 mm steel with a straight-beam probe

The position o f the probe on the test sur face o f the calibration block shall be as indicated in Figure 2 a) .
Figure 2 b) is a schematic representation o f the screen (A-scan) o f the instrument for setting a range o f

5 0 mm s teel .

NOTE Depending on the probe and the frequency used, di fficulties can arise when setting distances greater
than 10 times the thickness o f the block.
D imensions in millimetres

a) Position o f a straight-beam probe on calibration block No. 2

b) Schematic representation o f the A-scan for setting o f a range o f 50 mm

Key
1 straight-beam probe

Figure 2 — Setting o f the time base for straight-beam probes

5.1.3 Setting o f the time base for 100 mm or 12 5 mm steel with a miniature angle-beam probe

The position o f the miniature angle-beam probe on the calibration block shall be as shown in Figure 3 a)
for a distance o f 125 mm and in Figure 3 b) for a distance o f 100 mm. The screen o f the instrument for
the setting o f these two ranges is shown schematically in Figures 3 a) and 3 b) .

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 ISO 7963:2022(E)

D imensions in millimetres

a) 125 mm range

b) 100 mm range

Key
1 angle-beam probe

Figure 3 — Setting o f time base for miniature angle-beam probes

5.2 Sensitivity setting and probe checking

5.2 .1 General

When checking probes, the acoustic coupling is an important factor, and when comparing probes, the
same coupling medium shall be used.
A large number o f factors can influence the sensitivity setting.
The following factors, divided into four main groups, shall be taken into account when setting the
sensitivity:
a) instrument used, e.g. pulse energy, frequency, pulse shape, gain;
b) probe used, e.g. type, size, acoustic impedance, transducer damping, beam shape;
c) material to be tested, e.g. sur face condition (in connection with coupling), kind o f material (its
attenuation);
d) discontinuities to be detected, e.g. shape, orientation, nature.

5.2 .2 Sensitivity setting with a straight-beam probe

The A-scan representing the successive echoes shall be used as a re ference for setting sensitivity.
a) The probe shall be placed in position “a” as indicated in Figure 4 .
b) The echo from the 5 mm diameter hole, position “b” in Figure 4 may also be used, with the probe
being placed so that the corresponding echo amplitude is at its maximum.

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ISO 7963:2022(E)

Key
1 straight-beam probe
a probe position using the back wall
b probe position using the 5 mm diameter hole

Figure 4 — Sensitivity setting for straight-beam probes

5.2 .3 Miniature angle-beam probes

5.2 .3 .1 Sensitivity setting

a) The maximum echo from the 5 mm diameter hole shall be used as a re ference for sensitivity setting
(see Figure 5 , position "a").

Key
1 miniature angle-beam probe
a, b p ro be positions

Figure 5 — Sensitivity setting for miniature angle-beam probes

b) Alternatively, it is possible to make use o f the reflections from the cylindrical sur faces o f radii
50 mm and 25 mm, respectively.
In this case, there are two possibilities:
— by using a calibrated gain control, the amplitude o f the echo from the cylindrical sur face is initially
set to 80 % o f the full screen height and subsequently adjusted to the level desired (see Figure 5 ,
position “b”);
— without the use o f the calibrated gain control, the successive echoes from the cylindrical sur faces
are used for the setting o f sensitivity (see Figure 6) .

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 ISO 7963:2022(E)

Key
1 miniature angle-beam probe
A sound path o f the first echo
ABA sound path o f the second echo

Figure 6 — Sensitivity setting without calibrated gain control for miniature angle-beam probes

5.2 .3 .2 Determination o f the position o f the probe index point

The miniature angle-beam probe shall be positioned as shown in Figure 3 a) or Figure 3 b) and moved
parallel to the main faces o f the calibration block until the amplitude o f the echo from the cylindrical
sur face has reached its maximum.
The probe index point then coincides with the centre mark o f the millimetre scale o f the block.

5.2 .3 .3 Determination o f the beam angle

a) The echo obtained from the 5 mm diameter hole shall be used to determine the beam angle.
b) The miniature angle-beam probe shall be moved parallel along the main faces o f the calibration
block until the amplitude o f the echo from the 5 mm diameter hole has reached its maximum.
c) Read the beam angle directly from the scale engraved on the calibration block, coinciding with the
position o f the probe index point, or by interpolation, i f the position o f the probe index point does
not coincide with one o f the scale lines.
d) T he p os itions shown in Figure 7 make it possible to check beam angles o f 45°, 60° and 70° probes.

Figure 7 — Determination o f the beam angle for miniature angle-beam probes

6 Declaration o f con formity

A declaration shall be issued by the manu facturer for each calibration block, containing:
a) a statement that the block con forms to this document (i.e. ISO 7963:2022);

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ISO 7963:2022(E)

b) the me an va lue o f the me as u re d longitud i na l wave velo citie s , vl ;

c) the me an va lue o f the me as u re d tra n s vers e wave velo c itie s , vt.

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 ISO 7963: 2 02 2(E )

Bibliography

[1] Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Pro file — Part 2: Terms,
I S O 2 19 2 0 -2 ,

definitions and surface texture parameters

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LUIS A. LOPEZ | PIVOT-OST
ISO 7963:2022(E)

ICS  25.160.40
Price based on 9 pages

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