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Carbonyl Compounds
Carbonyl Compounds
↳ Aldehydes - 2 0 groups at
=
are
2) Ketones 32 0=
C-
I
3) Naming
Aldehydes:Replace
⑦
by o
CHICHICH2CHO butanal
the position 40
Do not have to show
of group
Kefores:
⑦
Replace by C
one-
CACCH.COCHs pentan-2-one.
Have to show the position of C=0 group.
1) Preparation aldehydes a ketones.
of
-
1 oxidation
+1 Reduction +3
~
In -
> 2-
-
- -
on
aldehydes
-> be
prepared by can
1)
of primary alsohots
Reagent:acidigiespotassium dichromate
K2COF IHT
Condition:distillation
KCONH
CHCHOH +10] -> CASCHO+R2O
2)
tion
tearboxylicaci
CHCOOH +2CH) #CH3CHO+H2O
canbepreparedbyof
Bones also as
secondary
->
krO7 /H
955-ps
128
CHUA
+COI +
1) Structure
Of
XI-
7 =0
C0
=
double bond is
polar
IV) Physical properties
-
Boiling points
Hydrocarbons <carbonyl compounds (alcohols,
alkanes, alkenes) (aldehydes, ketones carboxylic acids
I
dispersion force dipole-dipole Hydrogen bonding
NOW
force
-
Solubiliti
-polar molecules
E +form H-bond with xc D:... -0
i
↳
=
water molecules
soluble in water
v) Chemical properties
Ee E
iC 0
=
E carbon atom
electrophilic
attacks to its
Inucleophile
Carbonge compounds contains C0 double bonds
=
-
=>
undergon Nucleophilicaddition
+1
1
reduction ovidation +3
-
CHOH 5-
-
CHO - >
- con
in-action
+2
2-
-
-
on
aldehydes undergoes
->
oxidation
-
reaction
-
Reduction reaction
betones undergrees -
reaction
Reduction
1) Chemical reactions.
1) Nucleophilic addition
·
Ano
Hydrogen cyanide HON 1
Reagent:HCN NaCN
in (catalyst)
XE-
It
-
2 0 = + iCN-->?C-0-
--
Cal
G
-
> - HON
+
- , 2-0H +
en Cit
Addition
⑦ water (H2O)
of
32
>)
0
=
H-OH
+
->
5
on
Addition amine
not stable)
&
of
DC-OH -
>
x =0 N-R
+
WR
I not
stable) H20
+
2) Reduction
Reagent:LiAly/ NaHy
↳ACH4
CACHO +2CH] -
HsCHOH
aldehyde alcohols
primary
CH3CO CH 2(4] ↳Ate
eas sander
+
ketores
what
3)Oxidation
aldehydes +
10] ->
carboxylic acids
Ct
Febling -> CucO orange
precipitate
CHCHO+2Ag(NY)+ SOr-> CHslO+2AgL++2Hz8
4 NAs
-> mirror
silver
-
C
cano i
4) with
Reaction IC/NaPH
Reagent:Is in NaPH
Reactants:
c-cs
-
Refore
(0 in a
position)
Observationyellow C
precipitate -
3
↓rivodomethane
Liodoforms
Is, Nat Nat
RCOC-> RCOCEs ->
RCOONat
5) Reaction
with
2,4-DNPH
Both aldehydes with
& betones react
2,4-DNPH 12,4-dimitrophenylhydrazine)
orange precipitate.
->
Ingra-red Spectroscopy
#
1) Mass spectroscopy
m/z
m/z