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III. Final Paper 111010
III. Final Paper 111010
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Soap is one of the most important items that are used every day is soap It
is used to wash and clean the body and makes sure that exterior portions,
including the skin, are free of microorganisms. When it comes to sanitary
practices, soap is a well-known cleaner that aids individuals in getting rid of
germs and bacteria that have come into touch with the skin as well as preserving
the body’s health and sanity. According to Hodgson (2015) that soaps are
lubricants and may include chemicals that kill or neutralize bacteria. With the aid
of water, the lubricant in soap causes dirt to be lifted or moved off of the skin.
In order to keep oneself and their surroundings clean, humans need to use
soap as a cleaning agent. When soap is combined with water, a lather is created
that effectively removes grime and grease. The major components are lye and
fats, both of which may be produced from resources that can be found all over
the world. It can be produced via the saponification method.
Since our skin is exposed to the hot sun, arid winds, icy cold, bacteria, and
grime, using soap can protect skin health for a better and longer life. Many
different soaps with perfumes and other fake ingredients are available nowadays.
Different kinds of chemicals and anti-bacterial agents are used in some soaps.
Milk soaps, papaya soaps, cucumber soaps, calamansi soaps, and many more
are examples of these.
For many years, people have employed the malunggay (Moringa oleifera)
tree for many health and healing purposes. Due to its high protein content and
other vital ingredients that support general heath, it is a staple food in many parts
of the world. Unlike other soaps, moringa will naturally improve our skin because
it contains antioxidants and anti-bacterials that can assist to remove toxins and
the tree’s power can be used to treat acne, according to Green Virgin Products
(2016).
Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) is commonly referred to as a “Miracle
Tree “that can give a numerous benefits. It is not only a food. It also an effective
medicine that can be a functional food. It contains fiber, vitamins different amino
acids such as sitosterol, the enzymes, like pectin esterase. Malunggay is a
popular ingredient in common vegetables in the Philippines. Besides the local
application of this plant, malunggay is widely cultivated and eaten in Central and
South America, as well as in India and Africa (Tacio, 2018). The majority of
Ethiopians also use this planta source of nutrition for their food and it can be very
important to them even for medicinal purposes (Daba, 2016). It grows best in dry,
sandy Nutrition and also as a water purifier.
The purpose of the study is to make an organic anti- bacterial soap that
has less chemical and very safe to use. To create something that is affordable
and safe for the surroundings. The researchers may also evaluate the
effectiveness of the Malunggay extract when incorporated into a soap and test it
against standard soap formulations. Additionally, the study may investigate the
safety and toxicity of the Malunggay antibacterial soap on human skin. This is the
conceptualization of the research project.
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Statement of the Problem
2. How long does it take for the malunggay soap to smoothen the skin?
3. How long will the fragrance last after use the malunggay soap?
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Significance of the study
This study is made with the aim of providing crucial information and
knowledge to following:
The whole Family. Is an ideal germ protection for the whole family for fighting
germs and protecting against is against body odor.
Teenagers. Teenagers will benefit from using malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) soap
as it will improve their social interactions and help them form close relationships
with their peers.
Society and Community. Personal hygiene products like soap can stop the
transmission of skin diseases from one person to another throughout a
neighborhood. Malunggay soap’s anti-bacterial composition can assist society
and the community in reducing communicable skin disorders.
Future Researchers. This study will serve as their basis and guide that would be
valuable for the future researchers, as a reference and aiming to investigate
related studies.
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Definition of Terms
To fully understand this study, the following terms of operationally defined.
Affordable - is the adjective form of verb afford. If you can afford something,
you have enough money to pay for it. Much less commonly, affordable can
be used as a noun meaning an item that one can afford.
Enzyme- are usually very selective in the molecules that they act upon,
called substrates, often reacting with only a single substrate. The substrate
binds to enzyme at a location called active site just before the reaction
catalyzed by the enzyme takes place.
Sodium Hydroxide -Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda,[1][2]
is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic
compound consisting of sodium cations Na+ and hydroxide anions OH−.
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CHAPTER ll
Theoretical Background
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al., 2019). The Moringa is a fast-growing softwood tree that can reach 10-12 m in
height; it has good adaptability to humid and dry climates. Its pinnate leaves and
long, woody pods are recognized when ripe as they open in three valves
containing globular seeds. Farmers, scientists, and researchers have focused
attention on Moringa due to its various nutritional and medicinal properties and
use of the omamental plant for animal forage (Lalas and Tsaknis, 2002; Leone et
al., 2015). These plants are used to produce biodiesel, biogas, water purification
cleaning agents, fertilizers, foliar nutrients, and green manures (Padayachee and
Baijnath, 2012: Boukandoul et al., 2018). These uses are attributed to the plant’s
different parts (fruits, seeds, leaves, flowers, bark, and roots).
Due to the nutritional, medicinal, energy, and agricultural benefits that can
be obtained from this plant, it is of great importance to know the botanical
characteristics, geographic distribution, and agricultural management of Moringa
species to obtain the maximum use of all parts of the plant in the different places
where it is grown. Everybody experiences wounds. Public health would benefit
from the discovery of an alternative, affordable supply of medication that treats
wounds.
The goal of this investigation was to ascertain the ethanolic extract from
Malunggay twigs’ capacity for wound healing. The study’s findings demonstrated
that the Moringa oleifera L. ethanolic twig extracts were effective. Has
demonstrated wound healing abilities. The large dose mimicked the conventional
drug’s ability to heal wounds. Different effects on wound healing were seen
between the conventional medication and the negative control. The high dose
and the negative control both demonstrated the same results (Agnes, JMR. Et al,
2014). Due to the nutritional, medicinal, energy, and agricultural benefits that can
be obtained from this plant, it is of great importance to know the botanical
characteristics, geographic distribution, and agricultural management of Moringa
species to obtain the maximum use of all parts of the plant in the different places
where it is grown.
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The anti-inflammatory properties of Moringa leaf extract can help in the
treatment of acne. It removes impurities from the skin and helps to rejuvenate it,
this properties can be used to an advantage in treating acne (Rister, 2011).
Native to South Asia and parts of Africa, the moringa tree is used for most of
its parts, including the seeds, flowers, fruit peels, and unripe pods. But the leaves,
in particular, appear to have antibacterial activity against human pathogens.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that moringa may be a useful hand-washing
product, but in vivo science is not available to support this notion. In what is likely
the first human trial on moringa as a hand-washing product, researchers at the
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine assigned 15 volunteers to wash
their hands with liquid soap or moringa leaf powder in crossover style. By
artificially applying 5. Coli to each hand, the researchers were able to detect
whether morings or soap would be effective in ridding the hands of at least this
pathogen (Gardnera, 2011).
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Review Related Literature
Its anti-bacterial properties can help treat acne. It contains elements that
are good for the skin, such as a Vitamin A, which helps the skin produce collagen.
Vitamin C, which reduces fine lines and wrinkles, and Vitamin B, which has anti-
inflammatory qualities. It helps to renew the skin and remove impurities from it;
these benefits can be used to treat acne (Rister,2011).
Local to South Asia and parts of Africa, the moringa tree is utilized for most of
its parts, counting the seeds, blossoms, natural product peels, and unripe cases.
But the clears out, in specific, show up to have antibacterial action against human
pathogens. Recounted prove proposes that moringa may be valuable hand
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washing item, but in vive science isn’t accessible to back this idea. In what is likely
the primary human trial on moringa as a hand-washing item, analysts at the
London School of Cleanliness and Tropical Medication doled out of 15 volunteers
to wash their hands with fluid cleanser or moringa leaf powder in hybrid fashion.
By falsely applying E. coli to each band, the analysts were able to identify whether
moringa or scap would be viable in zidding the hands of at slightest this pathogen
(Gardnera, 2011).
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Hypothetical Statement
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CHAPTER lll
METHODOLOGY
A thorough analysis of all the methods that have been, will be, or have
already been employed in the research. This includes the research materials and
techniques that were utilized to create the Malunggay soap as Antibacterial soap
made of malunggay extract.
Materials
Ingredients
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● Fragrance oil
B .Conducting on Test
Research Procedure
2.Pound the malunggay leaves using mortar and pestle to get extract from
it.
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3. Press the malunggay using your hands to get more extract .
4. Strain to remove the small and larger particles, and unwanted suspended
particles from a malunggay extract.
5. Measure the Virgin Coconut Oil into 2 cups and put the 2 *cups of virgin
Coconut Oil in a large Mixing Bowl.
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6. Add the 2 cups of Sodium hydroxide or lye.
7.Mix the sodium hydroxide and Virgin Coconut Oil using a hand mixer.
8.Add the malunggay extract , fragrance oil,shea butter and mix it.
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9 .Scoop and put in a molding
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CHAPTER lV
RESULT
This chapter depicts the result and discussion of Malunggay ( Moringa Oleifera)
as an Antibacterial soap. The data collected from the experiment will be presented
in the table format as follows:
Table 1.
Respondent 1 2 2
Respondent 2 1 3
The data in Table 1 above presents the difference between the level of
roughness and the level of smoothness. It is intended to determine the roughness
and smoothness used by the researchers. As you can see, Table 1 shows the
level of roughness on the respondents skin and hands. The first level of
roughness is dryness; the skin will feel tight when using the moringa oleifera soap.
The second level of roughness is irritation; the skin or hands will feel itchy. The
third level of roughness is inflammation; the skin will feel sensitive and bumpy
after using the Moringa oleifera soap. The three levels of smoothness scale The
first level is normal; the skin and hands may feel normal, just like washing the
hands. The second level is milkiness; the skin and hands feel just like baby skin.
The third level of smoothness is oiliness; the skin may feel shiny and glossy. From
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the data gathered, respondent 1 rated 2 out of 3 levels of roughness in using the
Moringa oleifera soap and 2 out of 3 levels of smoothness, while respondent 2
rated 1 out of 3 levels of roughness and 2 out of 3 levels of smoothness.
Table 2
Time duration how the malunggay Antibacterial soap can smoothen the skin
to smoothen the
skin
Trial 1 ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Trial 2 ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
The table 2 shows about the data of many seconds or minutes. To test the
effectiveness, the researchers will use the malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) as an
antibacterial soap. The 1st trial already determined the smoothness of the skin in
just 30 seconds until 2 minutes. The 2 nd trial has the same results of the 1 st trial, it
shows also the effectiveness of the Malunggay as an antibacterial soap in just 30
seconds to 2 minutes. As shown above, the more seconds or minutes you used
the soap, the more it will smoothen the skin. So it proven that the malunggay as
an antibacterial soap is effective in killing germs and to smoothen the skin.
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Table 3
1st Trial ✔️ ✔️
2nd Trial ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
3rd Trial ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
The data and the table represent how long will the fragrance last after use
the Malunggay soap In the 1st trial, the Malunggay soap’s fragrance lasted for 1
minute and 2 minutes after using. In the 2nd trial, it can be seen on the table that 1
minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes are checked. It means that the Malunggay soap
can be used for a long time, the fragrance lasts for a long time during these
minutes. In the 3rd Trial, it was the same as the second trial that its fragrance
lasted for 1 minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes.
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CHAPTER V
A. Conclusion
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B. Recommendation
Based on the results of the study, the researchers came up with the following
recommendations to guide and improve the study of the future researchers.
These are the following recommendations:
1. Use more than 50g of malunggay leaves in the next soap making to highly
determine its effectiveness.
2. Conduct similar study adding some more essential oils to highly determine
the effectiveness of Malunggay leaf soap.
3. Use 1 cup of Sodium hydroxide of 2 cups to avoid skin irritation.
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REFERENCE
https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?
recordID=PH2014000298&fbclid=IwAR1I9ilqi1NN_rtknumWGQMSY3GTSsj3zmB
SYtJIE-LhHIBgAP91JnPuyVU
https://educheer.com/research-papers/malunggay-oleifera-as-cleaning-agent /
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/
12029#:~:text=Since%20Malunggay%20also%20called%20as,pterygospermin
%20that%20makes%20it%20antibacterial.
Fahey, J (2019) Medicinal potential and benefits of Moringa oleifera 13.1 Moringa
oleifera medicinal potential and benefits. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
start=10&q=theoretical+background+malunggay+as+cleaning+agent&hl=en&as_s
dt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=1683441780167&u=%23p%3DM44VEhMTW60
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https://www.academia.edu/40883980/
Malunggay_Soap_CHAPTER_II_REVIEW_OF_RELATED_LITERATURE_AND_STUDIES_R
eview_of_Related_Local_Literature
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CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: August 23, 2005
Age: 17
Nickname: Shang
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
PRIMARY:
S.Y 2016-2017
SECONDARY:
S.Y 2020-2021
S.Y 2021-2023
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Name: Bayot, Samantha Grace D.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 18
Nickname: Samsam
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
PRIMARY:
S.Y 2016-2017
SECONDARY:
S.Y 2020-2021
S.Y 2021-2023
26
Name: Sasan, Jhonavie B.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 18
Nickname: Avie
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
PRIMARY:
S.Y 2016-2017
SECONDARY:
S.Y 2020-2021
S.Y 2022-2023
27
Name: Regina Ann Zapanta
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 17
Nickname: Gina
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
PRIMARY:
S.Y. 2016-2017
SECONDARY:
S.Y. 2020-2021
TERTIARY:
S.Y. 2021-2023
28
Name: Kent Elijah B. Riconalla
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age:18
Nickname:Untong
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
PRIMARY:
SECONDARY:
TERTIARY:
S.Y. 2021-2023
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