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FACULDADE DE DIREITO

COORDENAÇÃO DO CURSO DE DIREITO

FIELD WORK

Domestic Violence Against Men In Community

Discente: Fátima Mochey Código: 91231074

Pemba, Maio de 2023

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FACULDADE DE DIREITO

COORDENAÇÃO DO CURSO DE DIREITO

Domestic Violence Against Men In Community

Discente: Fátima Mochey Código: 91231074

Trabalho de Campo a ser submetido na

Coordenação do Curso de Direito do
ISCED, 1º Ano no Módulo de Inglês sob
orientação do docente da disciplina.

Pemba, Maio de 2023

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Índice
Introduction................................................................................................................................3

Objectives...................................................................................................................................3

Methodology..............................................................................................................................3

Domestic violence against men in my community....................................................................4

Definition of the Concept of Violence.......................................................................................4

Do men always report violence to the authorities? If so, who are the men who denounce it? If
not, why don't they report it?......................................................................................................5

Different Types of Violence.......................................................................................................6

The Causes of Violence.............................................................................................................7

The Consequences of Domestic Violence..................................................................................8

Conclusion..................................................................................................................................9

Bibliography.............................................................................................................................10
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Introduction
Domestic violence is a social problem that has affected hundreds of women around the world.
It is a sample that brings as a concept gender violence affecting women of all age groups and
different social classes, regions, ethnic-racial groups, levels of education, sexual desire
orientation and religion.

In an attempt to meet the demands arising from aggression against women, some organs were
implemented, namely: SOS, Specialized Police Stations for women's care, shelter houses,
specific legislation, women's reference centers, among others. These instruments emerged
from public demonstrations, research centered on understanding the dynamics of relations of
violence, as well as struggles waged by the women's movement and feminists at the time
when they questioned the social situation of women, resulting in numerous achievements.

Objectives
General:
 Describe domestic violence against men in the community.

Specific:
 Mention the types of violence that occur in the community;
 Identify the main causes and consequences of domestic violence.

Methodology
The methodology used for the elaboration of the present work was based on documentary
research and consultation in a censored and succinct way of some works that address the
subject. As for the structure, the work is governed by ISCED rules, current measures such as:
introduction, development, conclusion and bibliographic references that are present at the end
of the work.
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 Domestic violence against men in my community

According to article 129, paragraph 9, of the Penal Code, both men and women can be
victims of domestic violence, and the law does not restrict the taxable person.

Domestic violence does not occur through sexual relations, in which only the man has always
been placed as the aggressor.

Although men are victims of domestic violence, there is no adequate and necessary
confrontation in society, putting them in oblivion when talking about domestic violence. In
addition to the silence in society, many men end up perpetuating it.

Men can be victims of violence and this is an issue that needs more attention from our public
agencies, just as it already happens with women. There is no public policy to deal with the
male victim of domestic violence.

For the female victim, there is a wide and vast discussion and protection in society, including
coping with the situation, because we can easily find material about domestic violence
suffered by women, that is, events, seminars, congresses, numerous ways to approach,
discuss, dialogue and insert into society the woman victim of domestic violence. Moving also
into the legal sphere, there are various forms of protection that we find for women as victims,
including specific legislation for the protection of women. Which is not the case with man.

There are no statistics like we have for women because men deal with domestic violence
differently from women, and there is still no work of public agencies to do so, because they
are encouraged to denounce there being a great work of public agencies and society for this.

Definition of the Concept of Violence

Violence is understood as a public health problem and can be defined as Minayo and Souza
(1998) did: Any intentional action, perpetrated by an individual, group, institution, classes or
nations directed at others, that causes damage, physical, social, psychological and (or)
spiritual damage.

For Santos (1996) violence is configured as a device of open and continuous control, that is,
the social relationship characterized by the real or virtual use of coercion, which prevents the
recognition of the other, person, class, gender or race, through the use of force or coercion,
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causing some kind of damage, configuring the opposite of the possibilities of contemporary
democratic society.

Thus, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers that there is a clear relationship
between the intention of the individual who presents or engages in violent behavior and the
act or action practiced.

In this sense, violence is defined as the intentional use of force or power, real or threatened,
against oneself, against another person, or against a group or a community, which results or
has the possibility of resulting in injury, death, psychological damage, developmental
disability or deprivation (Krug et al, 2002).

According to the authors, there are several theories to understand the phenomenon of
violence. Some see it as a historical phenomenon, of a universal nature, constituting a mere
technical instrument for reflection on social realities.

Do men always report violence to the authorities? If so, who are the men who denounce
it? If not, why don't they report it?
The slanderous denunciation for alleged crime of rape or domestic violence is an evil that is
rooted in our society and seen with naturalness. Women use their privileges, their gender and
their word, because they have evidentiary value (just the word of the woman), to reach their
disaffections based on their feelings and their personal reasons. They manage to destroy a
man's life with just one false accusation.

Men do not report when they suffer violence for many reasons:
1. Shame, fear;
2. Unpreparedness of our public agencies to see man also as a possible victim;
3. Sexism and misandry in our society and legislation;
4. Children;
5. For wanting to keep family affairs private, among other reasons.

Fear and shame emerge as the main barriers to the first call for help. The fear of discredit and
humiliation, which can often arise from family, friends and even police and judicial
institutions, prevents the decision to denounce the male victim.
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Women are attributed to vulnerability and the character of harmless, placing only the man as
the author of aggressions in society. Sexist view that society must change.

The woman can be the author of aggressions. Domestic violence encompasses any type of
aggression, whether physical or psychological: psychological abuse, threats, slaps, kicks or
blows. Women arm themselves with knives and scissors to threaten their comrades. They
bite, scratch, kick, push, leave bruises. Still ex-partners threaten and persecute for not
accepting the end of the relationship. Many men are silent and in my office I have heard
many reports followed by the phrase "I want to let it go".

Consider yet another violence suffered by men: most of them are victims of parental
alienation by former partners who use children as instruments of revenge to target the father,
even falsely accusing them of sexual abuse to drive them away from their children.

Different Types of Violence

The typology proposed by the WHO (Krug et al, 2002) indicates three broad categories of
violence, which correspond to the characteristics of those who commit the violent act. Be:
 Collective violence, which includes violent acts that take place in the macro-social,
political and economic spheres and characterise the domination of groups and the
State. In this category are crimes committed by organized groups, terrorist acts,
crimes of mobs, wars and processes of annihilation of certain peoples and nations;

 Self-inflicted violence, subdivided into suicidal behaviors, and self-abuse. In the first
case, the typology includes suicide, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The
concept of self-abuse names self-harm and self-harm;

 Interpersonal violence, subdivided into community violence and family violence,

which includes intimate partner violence, child abuse, and elder abuse. Community
violence includes youth violence, random acts of violence, rape and sexual assault by
strangers, as well as violence in institutional groups such as schools, workplaces,
prisons and nursing homes.

To this classification Minayo (2006) adds structural violence, which refers to the social,
political and economic processes that reproduce hunger, misery and social, gender and ethnic
inequalities. In principle, this violence occurs without the explicit awareness of the subjects,
perpetuates itself in socio-historical processes, naturalizes itself in culture and generates
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privileges and forms of domination. Also according to the author, most of the types of
violence presented above are based on structural violence.

Types of intimate partner violence Violence can also be classified based on the nature of the
violent acts. In the area of health it is generally divided into four modalities of expression,
called abuse or mistreatment: physical, psychological, sexual and that involving
abandonment, neglect or deprivation of care.

These four types of violent acts occur in each of the broad categories described above, except
for self-inflicted violence (KRUG et al, 2002).

These different types of violence can be characterized as:

 Physical abuse: means the use of force to produce injuries, wounds, pain or disability
in others;

 Psychological abuse: appoints verbal or gestural aggressions with the aim of

terrorizing, rejecting, humiliating the victim, restricting freedom or even isolating him
from social life;

 Sexual abuse: refers to the sexual act or game that occurs in the straight or
homosexual relationship and aims to stimulate the victim or use it to obtain sexual
arousal and erotic, pornographic and sexual practices imposed through grooming,
physical violence or threats.

The Causes of Violence

Domestic violence has different causes, so much so that it does not choose gender, age, social
class, ethnicity or physical characteristics.
 Alcohol and drug use: Alcohol and drugs do not, by themselves, cause domestic
violence. These substances are actually facilitators for it to occur.

 Jealousy: Vying for first place among the most common causes that lead to domestic
violence is jealousy. Jealousy is one of the main reasons alleged by aggressors in
cases of domestic violence and one of the reasons that most appear in lawsuits about
domestic violence.

 Unemployment and financial problems: Unemployment and financial problems

are also causes that lead to domestic violence. Financial problems often lead to a huge
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emotional imbalance, causing some individuals who would already be prone to

practice domestic violence, in fact, to practice.

 Family problems: Among the most common causes that lead to domestic violence,
we cannot leave out family problems in general. These can be simple disagreements
about the children's school, lack of respect, even the non-acceptance of a separation, a
change in routine, among others.

The Consequences of Domestic Violence

The consequences of this constant exposure result in social and individual damage, from
delayed economic growth in the regions and impacts on public health to deleterious physical
and mental effects for the victims.

Among the most common, there are four: Acute Stress Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) and the associated conditions of anxiety and mood disorder. The
manifestation of PTSD is one of those resulting from violence, with a high cost in terms of
public health.
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Conclusion
In this context, some authors prefer the term violence in the couple to specify a process that
can happen before, during and after the establishment of a formal relationship between two
people of different sexes or of the same sex. In addition, violence in the couple can happen
inside and outside the physical and social space understood as domestic or family. This type
of violence is understood as consciously hostile and intentional behavior that causes physical
harm.
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Bibliography
Brazil. Law No. 11,340 of August 7, 2006. Maria d Penha Law: creates mechanisms to curb
domestic and family violence against women... Official Gazette. Brasilia.

Brazil. Ministry of Health. (2001), Intrafamily Violence: guidelines for practice in service.
Brasilia: Ministry of Health. 96 p. (Cadernos de Atenção Básica Series; n. 8)

Cantera, L. (2007), Couples and Violence: A Focus Beyond Gender. Porto Alegre: Don
Quixote.

Hayeck, C. M. (2009), Reflecting on Violence. Brazilian Journal of History & Social

Sciences - RBHCS, São Leopoldo.

Krug, E. G, et al. (2002), World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health
Organization.

Minayo, M. C. S. (2006), Violence and health. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz. WHO (WORLD
HEALTH ORGANIZATION). (1998), Miscellaneous reports.

Minayo, M. C. S.; Souza, E. R. (1997), Violence and health as an interdisciplinary field and
collective action. Hist. cienc. health-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro.

Santos, J. V. T. ( 1996), Violence as a device of excess power. Soc. State, Brasilia.

Schraiber, L. B.; D'oliveira, A. F. P. L.; Couto, M. T. (2009), Violence and health:

theoretical, methodological and ethical contributions of studies of violence against
women. Cad. Public Health, Rio de Janeiro.

WHA (World Health Organization). WHA (1996), Prevention of violence: a public health
priority. Forty-ninth Assembly. Geneva: World Health Association.