READING AND
DEFINITION/EXPLANATION - Topic Outline (1) uses words
WRITING NOTES
Lesson 1: Reading Strategies
1. PREVIEWING
- looking at the readily visible
parts of text
- familiarize contents
- focus on important info
2. SKIMMING
- looking for the main point of
the reading
- identify ideas developed
- speed up the reading
3. SCANNING
- looking for specific information
- have an idea of the details to
look for
- locate details first
4. CONTEXT CLUES
- words, phrases, and sentences
that surround an unfamiliar
word that help recognize its
meaning
a. SYNONYMS
- used to look for similar
meaning to unknown word;
“like” or “as”
b. ANTONYMS
- used to look for opposite
meaning; “athough”, “but”,
“instead”, “unlike”
c. EXAMPLES
- give specific details in a text to
clarify meaning of a word
d.
- used to explain/describe
unknown term; “because”
“means”
5.1 CONNOTATION
- It is the positive, negative, or
neutral feelings, attitudes
associated with the word
- Rose: It symbolizes love/
desire.
- Dove: It symbolizes peace/
Purity
5.2 DENOTATION
- basic, precise, literal meaning
of the word that is found in the
dictionary
- Rose: It is a flower with thorny
stem.
- Dove: It is a flying animal with
a cooing voice.
Lesson 2: Writing Strategies
1. BRAINSTORMING
- generates ideas within a
group; info from diff
perspectives
- Idea list (1) listing down broad
topics (2)identify related
narrower topics
- Concept Map (1) writing main
concept on the center (2) add
more branches; subtopics (3)
explore more topics by adding
more branches
2. OUTLINING
- helps organized the ideas to
show hierarchical relationship
and phrases (2) specific
- Sentence Outline (1) uses
deeper sentences (2) sentence
form
3. GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
- establish the relationship
among ideas
- Time Pattern Organizer –
arranged chronologically
- Listing Pattern Organizer –
listing down in no order
- Venn Diagram – differences
and similarities
- Fishbone Diagram – causes
and effects of a phenomenon
- Definition Pattern Organizer –
divide a group into subgroups or
smaller groups
Lesson 3: Patterns of
Development
-refers to how information is
organized in a passage by using
different forms and standards of
composition for a variety of
purposes
Purposes:
1. Aids to comprehend the
purpose of the writing
2. Helps pinpoint information
being searched without
difficulty
3. Helps develop a common
understanding about how to
communicate successfully
a. NARRATION
- Tells a story; to entertain;
includes elements: characters,
setting, problem..
(first, second, after, next, then,
eventually, meanwhile, short
time later, during, at the same
time, simultaneously, suddenly,
instantly, momentarily)
b. CHRONOLOGICAL
- Lists a series of events that
lead to a conclusion or
sequence
- Presents steps and specific
order
(first, second, after, next, then,
eventually, meanwhile, short
time later, during, at the same
time, simultaneously, suddenly,
instantly, momentarily)
c. DESCRIPTION
- Info describing a scene,
person, object
- General structure is a list of
attributes or facts, uses
adjectives
(above, across, along, alongside,
amidst, around,
away from, back of, behind,
below, beneath, beside,
between, beyond, by, down,
farther, here, in front of, inside,
into, near, off, on top of,
opposite to, outside, over,
throughout, to the right)
d. DEFINITION
- Explains an idea; to tell what
something is
(is defined as, as defined,
means, refers to, to define, to
illustrate)
e. EXEMPLIFICATION/CLASSIFICATION
- provides specific examples & - identifies a problem, provides
evidences solutions with possible results
- add more info to illustrate idea - conclusion highlights
connection between them
(as an example, consider the
following, for example, for (but, first, second etc.
instance, in other words, in nonetheless, one reason for the,
particular, in short, namely, put one solution is, one way is, the
another way, specifically, to be problem, the solution)
specific)
i. PERSUASION
f. CAUSE AND EFFECTS
- convince readers to take a
- how events are influenced or certain opinion or perform a
caused by another certain action; influences
- cause and effect or only one Illustrate points: first, second
etc., another, next, last, finally,
(as, because (of the fact), being
because, since, for and although
that, due to (the fact that), for,
for the reason that, in that, in Draw conclusions: therefore,
view of (the fact), in as much as, hence, consequently and thus
one reason, owing to (the fact,
seeing that, since)
g. COMPARISON/CONTRAST
- describes how two or more
ideas are similar and diff in
multiple ways
- can be describe one at a time
or side by side
Comparing: also, as, both,
equally, in similar fashion, in
comparison, in the same way,
like, likewise, similarly, to
compare
Contrasting: although, and yet,
as opposed to, but, conversely,
counter to, despite, even
so ,even though, in contrast, in
spite of, in the meantime,
instead, however, nevertheless,
nonetheless, on the contrary,
on the other hand, otherwise,
still, the fact remains, unlike,
whereas, yet
h. PROBLEM-SOLUTION