ADDITIONAL NOTES ON STEAM POWER PLANT

STEAM GENERATORS/BOILERS
Manufacturer’s Rated Hp

HSA HSA
¿ ¿
For FTB, rated Hp 12 ft 2∨1.1 m2 For WTB, rated Hp 10 ft ∨0.93 m2
2

rated Hp rated Hp

Boiler Hp,

1BoHp=(34.5 lb/hr)(970.3 BTU/lb)=33 475.35 BTU/hr

or1BoHp=(15.65 kg/hr x hr/3600s)(2257 kJ/kg)=9.81kW

Boiler Output, BO
For simple set-up, BO=ms ( Δ hfw −s )=ms (hs −hfw )

Developed Boiler Hp

Bo
Dev.BoHp = B HP ¿
CF ¿ o

Boiler Efficiency
B
ηb = o x 100 % ; Ecs =m F HHV
E cs

Factor of evaporation Equivalent Evaporation Percent Rating

hs−hf dev . Bo Hp
FE= EE=m s FE %rating=
2257∨970.3 rated Hp

BOILER HEATBALANCE (Basis: English System of Units)

T a=¿ entering air temperature, °F w r=¿ mass rate of reheat steam per mass of
T g=¿ temperature of flue gas, °F fuel
h s=¿ enthalpy of steam leaving the boiler w B =¿ mass rate of blowdown per mass of
h fw =¿ enthalpy of feed water fuel
h B=¿ enthalpy of blow down water c p=¿ sp. heat of dry gas
hr 0 =¿ enthalpy of reheat steam leaving
steam generator BTU/lb or; HHV = higher
heating value, BTU/lbfuel
hr i =¿ enthalpy of reheat steam entering
steam generator
Δh=¿ enthalpy change of moisture from
inlet to flue gas condition
w s=¿ mass rate of steam per mass of fuel
Note: h g , hB , hFW , hro ,h ri ∧Δh∈ BUT /lbv

1. USEFUL ENERGY
Q 1=ws ( h s−h fw ) + wr ( hr o−hr i ) + w B (h B−h fw )
2. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO MECHANICAL MOISTURE IN FUEL
Q2=WΔh ;h=1066+ 0.5 T g−T a∧Δh=1089+ 0.46T g−T a if T g ≤ 575° F
3. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO MOISTURE FROM HEAT IN FUEL
Q3=9 HΔh
4. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO MOISTURE FROM AIR
Q4 =(W AV )(0.47)(T g −T a )
5. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO DRY GAS SENSIBLE HEAT
Q5=(W DG)(c p)(T g −T a)
6. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
28 CO
Q6= ( W DG ) [ ](4380)
44 CO2 +28 CO+ 28 N 2+32 O2
7. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO CARBON IN REFUSE
Q7=W R C R (14544 )
8. RADIATION & UNACCOUNTED LOSSES
7
Q8=HHV −∑ Qn
n=1

STEAM CONSUMPTION AT VARIABLE LOADS

(PART LOAD PERFORMANCE)
steam flow

msNL
0 L FLload
m sNL → steam consumption at no load (NL)
msFL → steam consumption at full load (FL)
ms → steam consumption at any load (L)
by ratio & proportion:
m s −msNL L
=
m sFL−m sNL FL
ms =msNL +¿
General Equation of Line:
y = a + bx
y →m s
a → msNL
m sFL −msNL
b→
FL
x→ L
No Load Factor (NLF); NLF=msNL( Δh @ s=c)

ADD’L PROBLEMS

1. A steam boiler on test generates 885,000 lb of steam in a 4 hr period. The average steam
pressure is 400 psia, the ave. steam temperature is 700°F, & the average temperature of the
feed water supplied to the boiler is 280°F. If the boiler efficiency for the period is 82.5% and
if the coal has a heating value of 13 850 BTU/lb as fired, find the ave. amount of coal burned
in short tons per hour. Enthalpy of steam at 400 psia& 700°F is 1,362.7 BTU/lb& for feed
water at 280°F is 249.1 BTU/lb.
a.9.84 b.10.75 c.12.05 d.11.45
2. What would be the percentage of the over-all efficiency of a steam generator obtaining an
evaporation equivalent to10.95 kg of water from and to 100°C per kg of coal having 34,064
kJ/kg heating value?
a.73% b.74% c.82% d.70%
3. What is the percent rating of a water tube boiler if the heating surface area is 400 m 2 and the
developed boiler horsepower is 750?
a.167.5% b.170% c.172.5% d.175%
4. The percent rating of a water tube boiler is 200%, factor of evaporation is 1.08 and heating
surface area is 256 m2. Find the rate of evaporation.
a.8,000 b.5,000 c.7,500 d.8,500
5. A steam boiler generating 7.1 kg/s of 4.137 MPa, 426.7°C steam (hg=3274.1 kJ/kg) is
continuously blown at the rate of 0.31 kg/s. Feed water enters the economizer at 148.9°C.
The furnace burns 0.75 kg of coal per sec of 30,470.6 kJ/kg heating value. Feed water
enthalpy is 629.87 kJ/kg and enthalpy of blow down is 1,097.02 kJ/kg. The over-all thermal
efficiency of steam boiler is,
a.76% b.84% c.83% d.88%
6. Determine the Willan’s line equation for a 60,000 kW straight condensing turbi-alternator,
3,600 rpm which operates at 6 Mpaa& 510°C, (h=3,445 kJ/kg), throttle to 50 mmHg abs.
exhaust (h @ s=c is 2138 kJkg&hF=174.5 kJ/kg). No loda steam factor is 2.19x106 kJ/hr and
combined engine efficiency is 80%.
a. ms=1576+2.4L b. ms=1657+3.8L c.ms=1676+3.4L d.ms=1766+4.3L
7. In problem #6, calculate the combined thermal efficiency at 40,000 kW load.
a.31.8% b.45.1% c.28.7% d.25.3%