Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore Department of Electrical Engineering Power electronics - I EE 32509 re oy Date: O%~03-22 é Roll No.: pgoire or Signature of Professor Experiment No-..3. 3 Object: - Design a Voltage commutation circuit for SCR. Observe and analyze its performance under change in passive components and load parameters. Apparatus Required Digital storage oscilloscope, DC Power supply, setup board, patch cords, CRO probe Theory One of the important characteristics of SCR is that once triggered into conduction, the gate terminal loses its control. The latched device can be switched off only if the device forward current is brought to zero ( below holding current ) for sufficient time ( T off time ) for this, if a reverse voltage is applied across the device, the turn OFF will occur. in which the reduction of forward current to zero and the The fine commuted converters, application of reverse voltage is natural due to reversal of ‘ac’ supply. But for converters operating from ‘dc’ source, such current zeroes are normally absent. To achieve turn-OFF of SCRs in such cases external circuits are required which create the current zero and supply reverse voltage across the device to be tumned-OFF. These circuits are called commutation circuits as they commutate the SCR current temporarily to auxiliary path, ‘The SCR can be turned-OFF by applying only a reverse voltage across it and thus shifting the current almost instantanvously. Such type of commutation is called “VOLTAGE COMMUTATION’. Fig. shows the simple RC circuit. The initial charge on the capacitor at the time of switching the switch SW) is Vco. Expression for current and voltage are given as follows: i=(E+ VeoyR And canes Ve = E-(E- Ven) € ; . ‘The moment at which capacitor voltage reduces to zero is obtained as under: a ok,0 =E-(E~Veo9) ¢ YO) 6 O™=B/(E - Veo) 29 = (E- Vog) /E T= RC in (E - Veo) / EB Tum on SCR by momentarily closing switch SWI. Change switches SW2 to poner Position. This will charge capacitor ‘C’ with its left plate positive to E volts. The SCR current is E/ R. To tum-OFF SCR, switch SW2 is now thrown upward. This instamancously reverse biases SCR. The current passing through capacitor is expressed as: 1 = ER) RO And capacitor voltage which is same as the SCR voltage is given as follows: Vo= E ~(E~ Vo) ¢ RO Time period for which SCR will remain reverse biased Qt is given by, 1=R.C. In QE/E)=RC In (2.0) For ensuring the reliable turn off of SCR the time Qt should be more than the tor time of device, the commutation failure will occur, FieNo. Voltage Commutation CircuitProcedure Follow the steps given below for understanding above principle of voltage commutation experimentally. Connect DC supply to the setup board and adjust ISV. 1 2. Use capacitor C1 and resistor Ri. 3. Through switch SW) to lower position to charge C; at required polarity. 4. Push switch SW, momentarily to trigger SCR. SCR starts conducting. 5. Through SW) to upper position for voltage commutation. 6. Monitor conduction of SCR. Also trace capacitor current and SCR voltage waveform. 7. Repeat above experiment for all remaining combinations of *C’ and ‘R’. 8. Record the observation in a table. Observation Table Sr. Cc R scr |[T ET Te Ie SCR No. {nF | Ohm | Current | Meas. | Cal. | Peak | Peak | Status A hs ns fA A ON/ » Le |e, | mor jfous [26.02 q Ko | Yo02 |Bo ws 10-48 3B] te | gy | Oo6] ross] 484 | 155 ps 55 ; 124 0.05 +04 / ROHSi ‘or problems. These are The commutation circuit just studied has two major p itable for real life |. The mechanical switch is impractical and hence unsu commutation circuits. citor has to be reversed, 2. Every times the SCR is commutated so the charge on capa : eeu her SCR & diode with The practical commutation circuit has a static switch (anot ir capacitor. energy storing elements for reversing the charge on capa Report I. Trace the waveforms of SCR voltage from the screen for different combination used. ee 2. Justify using various combinations of R& C the reliable ar amalgn ae a 3. For the class C commutation circuit the de source voltage is 100V an M he cu pes through Ri and Ro is 10A. The turn-off time of both the SCRs is 60ps. Calculate the value of commutating capacitance C for successful commutation.nar Pa prreeee Date 4-0 3-7 Kravis unl ® 16 pr CHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, INDOREQeben 2 Doma bs pen ptcowbeinntin 2 Table ARI ech eee BiG we voltage omumultd of Ck amd Cha are not commuted doz Fe R-G Combination time & pot SEftewd law bo form At of -thyvtshy and Ser bak tang tered fe hot below ko noida coven aud olor Rin C1 Woninnhion 10 cutpateett Fee ko Commuted “IP bur ad ful Fille. pequiremenlt. Quon 2 hmm. chys—e che PE Piasume a peachy of gafely 2 eae ee =a ° ter teh? | wont bkr ino to bn 9 D> c= 7, s12peF