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4 2022 ck' - ud¾'

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we;s tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ r;arkaj,g yqjudre
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fyda w;:H jHjydr uqo,aj, (Virtual Currency)
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6 2022 ck' - ud¾'

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wdrïNfha § yqjudre udOHhla f,i wd{ma;s m%sh;ajhla olajk nj fmkakqï lrhs' fjk;a
uqo,a wNsfhda.hg ,la jQfha úoHq;a yqjudre l%uh wdldrhlska mjikafka kï" 55]lg jeä ck;djla
y÷kajd §u;a iuÕhs' 1980 oYlfha laI‚l f.ùï oDV uqo,aj,g jvd fjk;a l%uj,ska f.ùï isÿ
isÿ l< yels úoHq;a f.ùï cd, u.ska uQ,H j;alï lsÍug m%sh;ajhla olaj;s' fï wdldrfha oDV uqo,a
fyda fjf<| NdKav i|yd mß.Klh yryd isÿ Ndú; lsÍfï mqreÿj, fjkiaùï íf,dlafÉka
lrk .kqfokq fjkqfjka tla .sKqulska ;j;a ;dlaIKfha ixj¾Okh;a iuÕ b;d fõ.j;a ù
.sKqulg uqo,a yqjudre lsÍfuka .kqfokq lsÍfï we;'
msßjeh t kï" .; jk ld,h iy fhdod .kakd
íf,dlafÉka ;dlaIKh hkq l=ula o@
iïm;a m%udKh wju lsÍug yels úh ^fgdìka
1985&' fl fia fj;;a" by< hk wd¾Ól lghq;= mq¿,a w¾:hlska ú.%y lrk úg íf,dlafÉka
iy ;dlaI‚l kj fidhd .ekSïj, ixj¾Okh ;dlaIKh hkq ieu úg u wdh;k .Kkdjla
iuÕ oDV uqo,a ;ju;a m%.;shla w;a lr .ksñka Tiafia iïnkaO lr we;s o;a; .nvd cd,hla
isáhs' tfy;a" 21 jk ishjfia wdrïNfha isg ;:H jk w;r tu cd,h ;=< we;s o;a;j,g tla
.kqfokq i|yd äðg,a jHjydr uqo,a Ndú; lsÍu ysñlrefjl= fyda md,lhl= fkdue;' fuu cd,h
biau;= ùu;a iuÕ wd{ma;s jHjydr uqo,a t kï" jHdma; f,cr ;dlaIKhla ^Distributed Ledger
jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq iy ldis wNsfhda.hg ,la Technology - DLT& fhdod .kS' ta wkqj" ´kE
úh' 2017 § hqfrdamSh uy nexl=j úiska isÿ lrk u whl=g o;a; .nvdj,g o;a; tla l< yels
,o iólaIKfha § tla .eg¨jla i|yd ,nd ÿka kuq;a" cd,fhys iyNd.Slrejka ish¨ fokdf.a

2 rEmh( hqfrdamSh uy nexl=j úiska mj;ajk ,o iólaIK m%;sM,j,ska tlla

2 #පය: 'ෙර*+ය මහ බැං1ව 345 පව6වන ලද ස;<ෂණ ?@ඵලවB5 එක<

rg wkqj mdßfNda.slhska leue;s f.ùï WmlrKh

m%Yakh( idmamqjl § Tng úúO f.ùfï l%u i|yd wjia:d ,nd § we;ehs Wml,amkh l<fyd;a"
Tn leu;s f.ùfï l%uh l=ulao@ ^]&
^m%;sY;h( hqfrda m%foaYfha m%;spdr oelajQjka 42"957la u; mokï j&
uqo,a
ldâm;a fyda uqo,a fkd jk f.ùï l%u
Tng uqo,a fyda uqo,a fkd jk f.ùï l%u w;r meyeÈ,s ukdmhla fkdue;
okafka ke;

uQ,dY%( ECB, Deutsche Bundesbak iy Nederlandsche nexl=j

igyka( 2014 c¾udkq iólaIKfha wik ,o m%Yakh z idmamq hdfï § úúO f.ùï úl,am w;r f;aÍula Tng we;ehs is;uq' Tfí ñ, § .ekSu i|yd
Tn f.ùï isÿ lrkafka fl fia o@z jQ w;r ms<s;=re jQfha( zuqo,a mu‚z" zm%Odk jYfhka uqo,a rys; f.ùï l%uz" iy zuqo,a fyda uqo,a rys; f.ùï
l%uhla iuÕ" idmamq ijdß ;;a;ajh wkqjz hk ldKav h' wjidk ldKavh zTng uqo,a fyda uqo,a fkd jk f.ùï l%u w;r meyeÈ,s ukdmhla
ke;z hkakg fjka lr we;'
uQ,dY% nd.; yels ine¢h(

[ෙලාEෙ\; තාEෂණය ය^ _මE ද?

>œ3 අ7ථයB% A„හ කරන Aට {ෙලාcෙJ% තාcෂණය යm සැම Aට ම

 2022 ck' - ud¾' 7

u tlÕ;djlska f;dr j ft;sydisl o;a; l%u u.ska yqjudre l< yels" ;ekam;a l< yels
fjkia l< fkd yels h' t neúka" idïm%odhsl iy fjf<|dï l< yels" äðg,a l%uhg ksfhdackh
cd,hla Ndú; lrñka .kqfokq l%shd;aul lsÍfï lrk w.hla zw;:H uqo,aZ hkafkka woyia fõ
§ úYajikSh f;jk md¾Yajhla m;a lr .ekSula ^gcdks iy mõf,dajd" 2018 uehs 30&' fuh uqo,a
fuys § isÿ fkd fõ' íf,dlafÉka l%ufõoh u.ska úY=oaêlrKh fyda ;%ia;jd§kag uqo,a iemhSfï
Ndú; lrkq ,nk hdka;%Khg tÈß j idïm%odhsl wruqK i|yd uQ,H moaO;sh Ndú; lsÍu je<elaùu
ksIaldYK ksjila Ndú; lsÍfï l%ufõoh my; 3 iïnkaOfhka 2015$849 ^EU& úê ksfhda.hg kj
rEmfhka ksrEmKh lrhs' íf,dlafÉka l%ufõoh ixfYdaOkhla f,i 2018$843 ^EU& úê ksfhda.h
u.ska ksYaÑ; .‚;uh we,af.dß;uhla iys; jYfhka 2018'05'30 Èk hqfrdamSh md¾,sfïka;=j
o;a; jHqyhka Ndú; lrñka iïmdÈ; .kqfokq iy tu iNdj úiska fuh ksl=;a lrk ,§' fuu
ixfla;kh lsÍug ixfla;k fhÿï l%uf,aLkh kj úê ksfhda.h miajk m%;suqo,a úY=oaêlrKh
^Cryptography& kue;s hdka;%Khla Ndú; lrhs' je<elaùfï úê ksfhda.h ^AMLD5& f,i o
ye¢kafõ ^yQnka iy iak¾ia" cQ,s 2018&' wefußld
w;:H uqo,a hkq fudkjdo@
tlai;a ckmofha f*vr,a nÿ wruqKq i|yd"
uy nexl=jla fyda rdcH wêldÍ;ajhla úiska w;:H uqo,a foam< f,i i,lkq ,nhs' foam<
ksl=;a fkd lrk fyda iy;sl fkd lrk ,o" .kqfokq i|yd wod< jk idudkH nÿ uQ,O¾u
wksjd¾hfhka u ffk;sl j msysgqjk ,o jHjydr w;:H uqo,a Ndú; lrñka isÿ lrk .kqfokqj,g
පහත 3 ëපෙය% gëපණය පහතකරV. {ෙලාcෙJ%
3 ëපෙය% ìමෙñදය
gëපණය
wod< fõ ^wel= ම<%
ú" කරV.
ud¾;= gîáත
{ෙලාcෙJ%
2014&' ;j o" ìමෙñදය
w;:H uqo,aම<% gî
uqo,lg iïnka O fkd jk iy jHjydr uqof,a
ගíතමය ඇ3ෙගාxතමයc ගíතමය සéත දiත වèහය% භාAත කර^% ස4පාwත
fyda uqo,aj, ffk;sl ;;a;ajhla i;= fkd jk" ඇ3ෙගාxතමයc
hkq ixfla;k සéත fhÿïදiත වèහය%
l%uf,a භාAත
Lk hdka කර^%
;%Khls ka ස4ප
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ගmෙදm ෙයj4 ìමෙ3ඛනය
සංෙcතනය BCමට සංෙcතන (Cryptography)
ෙයj4 ìමෙ3ඛනය (Cryptogra
tfy;a iajNdúl fyda ffk;sl mqoa.,hka úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o úúO äðg,a jHjydr uqo,a
නමැQ යා%óණයc භාAත කරV.නමැQ යා%óණයc භාAත කරV.
yqjudre udOHhla f,i ms<s.kq ,nk iy úoHq;a j¾.j, jvd úYd, Wml=,lhla fõ'

3 #පය: වFතමාන IJකාශණ පLධ@යට

3 #පය: එOP වIJකාශණ
වFතමාන වQාRත ෙලජර තා<ෂණ
පLධ@යට එOP ව වQාRත ෙලජර තා<ෂණ
3 rEmh( j¾;udk ksIaldYK moaO;shg tÈß
පLධ@ය j jHdma; f,cr ;dlaIK moaO;sh
පLධ@ය

jHdma; o;a; .nvdjla iys; íf,dlafÉka" uQ,H wdh;k w;r f;jk md¾Yajhkaf.a wjYH;dj bj;a lrkafka fl fia o@

ksIaldYk wdh;kh

uOH.; o;a; .nvdj jHdma; o;a; .nvdj

uQ,dY%h(

අතථ( *ද, (Virtual Currency) ය^ ෙමානවාද?

අතථ( *ද, (Virtual Currency) ය^ ෙමානවාද?
මහ බැං©වc ෙහM රාජ. අ¶කාCiවයc
මහ බැං©වcAZ%
ෙහM g©i ෙනා කරන ෙහMAZ%
රාජ. අ¶කාCiවයc සහQක
g©i ෙනා කරන ෙහM සහ
8 2022 ck' - ud¾'
wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a ^Cryptocurrency& hkq
fudkjd o@
wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a hkq ixfla;k fhÿï
l%uf,aLk keue;s hdka;%Kfhka w;=re wdrlaIdj
i|yd Ndú; lrk äðg,a fyda w;:H jHjydr
uqo,ls' miq .sh oYlh ;=< § j¾Ok fõ.hla w;a
lr .;a zìÜfldhska - ^BTC&Z f,i ye¢kafjk
wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a" if;daIs kldfudfgda
kï wdrEV kduh hgf;a ;ks mqoa.,hl= fyda
lKavdhula úiska 2009 § y÷kajd fok ,È'
if;daIs klfudfgda úiska 2008 § zìÜfldhska( iu
- iu ^Peer to Peer& úoHq;a uqo,a moaO;shlaZ hk
,smsh m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu ìÜfldhskays wdrïNhg
rel=<la úh' oeka Tng ìÜfldhska íf,dlafÉka
u; .kqfokq meje;aùfï l%ufõoh ms<sn| fidhd
ne,Sug wjYH jkq we;'
ìÜfldhska íf,dlafÉka Ndú; lrñka .kqfokq
isÿ lsÍfï l%ufõoh ksoiqkla u.ska úia;rd;aul
j oek .ksuq' wekdg fc*a fj; ìÜfldhska 100la
heùug wjYH he hs is;kak" t úg m<uqfjka u
wehf.a fm!oa.,sl iQplh ^weh muKla okakd&
Ndú; lrñka fuu .kqfokqj i|yd wehg äðg,a
w;aikla ;eîug isÿ fõ' miq j ìÜfldhska cd,fha
fc*af.a ,smskh jk" fc*af.a fmdÿ iQplhg tu
.kqfokqj fhduq lsÍug wehg isÿ jkq we;' bka
miq" fuu .kqfokqj ìÜfldhska cd,h ;=< mqrela
u.ska i;Hdmkh lsÍug z.kqfokq ldKavhlaZ
;=<g tla lrkq we;' fuys § wekdf.a fmdÿ iQplh
Ndú; lr wef.a w;aik i;Hdmkh flfrkq
we;' wekdf.a w;aik j,x.= jkafka kï" cd,h
u.ska .kqfokqj ilia lr" ldKavh oduhg tla
lr" wekdf.ka fc*a fj; ìÜfldhska 100la udre
lrkq we; ^yQnka iy iaksh¾ia" cQ,s 2018&' ir, j
tu .kqfokqfõ iEu mshjrla u úoHq;a jd¾;djla
jYfhka igyka lrkq we;' fl fia fj;;a" cd,h
;=<g f.dv k.d we;s l%shdldß;ajh u; mokï j
.kqfokq lsÍfï l%ufõoh fjkia jkq we;'
ìÜfldhska ksl=;a lsÍfuka miq wfkl=;a j¾.j,
wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a ish .Kkla y÷kajd §
we;s w;r f,dalfha äðg,a fjf<|fmd<j, tajd
fjf<|dï jkakg mgka f.k we;' toßhï ^ETH&"
ßm,a ^XRP&" ,hsÜfldhska ^LTC&" vEIa ^DASH&
iy fudfkfrda ^XMR& hkq wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a
iuyrl kï lsysmhls' tajd wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a
f,i ye¢kajQj o" fuf;la tajd lsisÿ iajdêm;Hhla
úiska j,x.= uqo,la f,i i,lkq fkd ,efí'
iaffjÍ;aj n,OdÍka úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
wd{ma;s uqo,aj,ska fndfyduhla Ndú; lrñka
fyda wka;¾cd,h Tiafia isÿ lrkq ,nk f.ùï
u.ska wka;¾cd,fha mj;sk wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a
yqjudre uOHia:dk ;=< fuu wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a
wêl jYfhka .kqfokq isÿ lrhs' tu wm%ldYs;
úoHq;a uqo,aj, fjf<|fmd< m%d.aOkSlrKh
tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ì,shk 100lg wêl w.hla
fõ' ìkkaia" fldhskafíia" ìÜfg%laia" l%elka iy
l=fldhska hkdÈh wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a yqjudre
uOHia:dk lsysmhls' ;j o" wm%ldYs; úoHq;a
uqo,aj,g iïnkaO .kqfokq i|yd nexl=lrKh
^äðg,a miqïìh& iy Khm;a fiajd iemhSu
jeks myiqlï ie,iSug leue;a;la olajk fiajd
imhkakka fndfyduhla wka;¾cd,fha f.dv
kef.ñka mj;S'
wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a ms<sn| ñ:Hd u;
by; úia;r l< mßÈ fï ish¨ wm%ldYs; úoHq;a
uqo,a j¾. fjf<| NdKavhla f,i fjf<|dï
flfrñka mj;shs' tu ksid j¾;udk ld,fha §
yqjudre udOHhla f,i lsisÿ iajdêm;Hhla fyda
ksl=;a lsÍfï n,Odßfhl= úiska wm%ldYs; úoHq;a
uqo,a ms<s.ekSu iel iys; fõ' t neúka wm%ldYs;
úoHq;a uqo,a j,x.= uqo,a f,i ie,lsh fkd yels
w;r" t jeks wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a we;=<;a jk
fuu moaO;sj, yg .kakd lvd jeàulska tajdfha
;ekam;a fldg we;s uqo,a jákdlu úYd, jYfhka
wysñ ùug fya;= úh yels h'
iafÜn,afldhska ^Stablecoin& hkq l=ula o@
iafÜn,afldhska hkq wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a j¾.hkays
w.fha isÿ jk WÉpdpk wju lsÍug tlai;a ckmo
fvd,¾" hqfrda" fhka jeks i;H wd{ma;s uqo,aj,ska
iydh ,nd fok ;j;a tla wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a
j¾.hla fõ' th l%smafgd iafÜn,afldhska f,i
o ye¢kafõ' iafÜn,afldhska tlla i;H wd{ma;s
uqo,a j¾.hlg tlg tlla jYfhka ksoyia lsÍu
iafÜn,afldhska tlla u.ska iy;sl flf¾' uq,a
ld,fha ksl=;a jQ wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a j¾.j,

jákdlfï b;d by< WÉpdjpk fya;=fjka Bg
úl,amhla f,i iafÜn,afldhska y÷kajd fok ,È'
fg;¾ ^USDT&" hQ tia ã fldhska ^USDC&" à hQ
tia ã ^TUSD&" fcñks fvd,¾ ^GUSD&" ìÜ iS
tka jhs ^BITCNY&" lefkaähka iafÜn,afldhska
^CADT& hkd§ jYfhka iafÜn,afldhska j¾.j,
m%fNao lsysmhla fjf<|fmdf<a olakg we;'
we;eï iafÜn,afldhska j¾.j,g tlai;a ckmo
fvd,rh" lefkaähdkq fvd,rh" Ök hqjdka hkd§
uqo,aj,ska msgqn,hla ,nd f.k we; ^f,aÜ" 2019&'
tajd w;ßka fndfyduhla wd{ma;s uqo,a wemlr .;a
iafÜn,afldhska fyda wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a wemlr
.;a iafÜn,afldhska jqj o" we;eï tajd wemlr
fkd .;a iafÜn,afldhska fõ'
wd{ma;s uqo,a j¾.j,ska ,o msgqn,h iafÜn,afldhska
j¾.j,g yqjudre udOHhla f,i myiqfjka u
ia:dmkh l< yels wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a j¾.j,
by< ñ, WÉpdjpk wju l< yels ksid" fuu
iafÜn,afldhska fjf<|fmd< ;=< ia:dhSldrl
f,i l%shd lrhs'
wm%ldYs; úoHq;a j;alï ^Crypto Assets&
uQ,drïNfha §" wm%ldYs; úoHq;a j;alï
ks¾udKh jQfha úYajikSh f;jk md¾Yajhl
w;rueÈlrKhlska f;dr j jákdlï yqjudre
lsÍu i|yd myiqlï ie,iSughs ^kldfudfgda"
2008&' t neúka wm%ldYs; úoHq;a j;alula hkq
m%d:ñl j ixfla;k fhÿï l%uf,aLkh iy
jHdma; f,cr ;dlaIKh fyda t jeks ;dlaIKhla
u; mokï jQ iy tajdfha m%;HlaI jQ fyda wdfõ‚l
w.fhka fldgila f,i jákdlu ;lafiare l<
yels fm!oa.,sl j;alï j¾.hls ^fnda¾â" 2018&'
wm%ldYs; úoHq;a j;alï i|yd lsisÿ rchlska fyda
fjk;a wêldÍ n,hlska msgqn,h fkd ,efnk
w;r" tajd lsisÿ wêlrK n,hlska j,x.= uqo,la
f,i ms<s.kq fkd ,efí' fl fia fj;;a" wfkl=;a
rgj, we;eï fm!oa.,sl jHjidhka iy we;eï
rdcH wxYfha wdh;k f.ùï i|yd j;alï
ms<s.ekSug ;SrKh lr we;s w;r" úfYaIfhka
u iaúÜi¾,ka;fha iq.a iy Ñhdfida hk md,k
m%foaYj, we;eï .dia;= f.ùu i|yd wm%ldYs;
úoHq;a j;alï ms<sf.k we; ^we,ka 2017&'
2022 ck' - ud¾' 9
uy nexl= äðg,a jHjydr uqo,a ^Central Bank
Digital Currency - CBDC& hkq l=ula o@
uE;l §" ;u .kqfokq ;=<g jHdma; f,cr
;dlaIKh l%shd;aul lsÍug we;s yelshdj ms<sn|
j uy nexl= úiska .fõIKh lrk ,§' ixÑ;
wruqKq i|yd fyda uy nexl= iuÕ jd‚c nexl=
iy wfkl=;a uQ,Hdh;k úiska mj;ajd f.k hkq
,nk mshùfï .sKqï i|yd uy nexl= oekgu;a
äðg,a jHjydr uqo,ska .kqfokq isÿ lrñka mj;S'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shdud¾. l%shd;aul lsÍug Ndú;
lrk fuu uqo,a oekgu;a uy nexl=fõ j.lSuls'
fl fia fj;;a" w;:H uqof,a ie,lsh hq;= biau;=
ùu;a iuÕ u uy nexl= äðg,a jHjydr uqo,a i|yd
mj;sk ienE w¾:h ks¾jpkh lsÍug ;ju;a bv
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10 2022 ck' - ud¾'

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 2022 ck' - ud¾' 11

reishdj 2015 fmnrjdß udifha § reishdfõ iuÕ h' miq .sh oYlh ;=< § f,dj wd¾Ól j¾Ok
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nexl= iy iq/l=ïm;a wdh;k i|yd ksrEmKh fõ ^Ysrdhs" 2019&'
ìÜfldhska fjf<|dï isÿ lsÍu
;ykï fõ' 1 j.=j( kdñl o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka m%;sY;hla
f,i uqo,a
c¾uksh wju jYfhka jirla i|yd m%d.aOk
,dN /ia fldg fkdue;s kï"
rg 2000 2005 2010 2015
ìÜfldhska leŒfuka ^Bitcoin
Mining& fyda fjf<|dfuka ,efnk cmdkh 12'8 16'0 17'4 19'4
,dN m%d.aOk ,dN noaog hg;a fõ' tlai;a ckmoh 5'7 6'0 6'5 7'8
bkaÈhdj zlsisÿ uy nexl=jlg fyda uqo,a hqfrdamSh l,dmh 4'8 6'2 8'3 9'9
wêldÍ;ajhlg f.ùfï udOHhla iaùvkh 4'1 3'8 3'0 1'7
f,i ìÜfldhska we;=¿ w;:H uqo,a fkda¾fõ 3'1 2'6 2'1 1'7
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he hs bkaÈhdkq ixÑ; nexl=fõ uy tlai;a rdcOdksh 3'2 3'3 3'8 4'0
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fia fj;;a" wm%ldYs; úoHq;a uqo,a ´iafÜ%,shdj 3'9 3'6 3'5 4'1
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;dhsjdkh ìÜfldhska iajhxl%Sh fÜ,¾ hka;% fldßhdkq ckrch 3'4 2'8 3'4 5'5
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12 2022 ck' - ud¾'
ckm%sh;ajh wju ùug fya;= ù we;s nj meyeÈ,s h'
mßl,amkhg Tífnka mjd iSud udhsï wj;rKh
lrñka uyckhd fj; <Õd jk w;:H jHjydr
uqo,aj, u;= ùu ksid ÿ,N jHjydr uqo,aj,
meje;au wNsfhda.hg ,la ù we;' w;:H uqo,a i|yd
iEu foaYhla úiska u olajkq ,nk wkqj¾;kh
úh yels ùfï uÜgu u.ska kj ud¾. újr lrkq
we;s w;r" th ld¾ñl úfYaI{hka i|yd ;j;a
fndfyda wjia:d ks¾udKh lrkq we;'
f*ianqlays mßYS,l ck.yKh oeka ì,shk 2'4l
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§ f*ianqla úiska z,sírdZ hkqfjka kj wm%ldYs;
uqo,la Èh;a lsÍu fï i|yd jvd;a fyd| ksoiqkls
^The Economist" 2019&' tlai;a ckmo ckf,aLk
ld¾hdxYh ^USCensusBureau& úiska 2018
iema;eïn¾ 19 Èkg ;lafiare lrk ,o f,dal
ck.yKh jQ ì,shk 7'5 i,ld ne,Sfï §" f,dj
fndfyda rgj, mj;sk f.ùï iy mshùï há;,
myiqlïj, oDIaáfldaKh fu u.ska ie,lsh hq;=
f,i fjkia úh yels h'
t neúka" w;:H jHjydr uqo,a ixl,amuh wÈhfrka
wfmalaId l< ;;a;ajhg jvd YS>%fhka mßKduh
jk neúka" uy nexl= úiska w;:H jHjydr uqo,a ;u
f.ùï iy mshùï há;, myiqlï iuÕ taldnoaO
lsÍu i|yd i,ld ne,Sug ld,h Wod ù we;' óg
wu;r j" wkd.;fha § ixj¾ê; iy ixj¾Okh
fjñka mj;sk rgj, ;j;a fndfyda ,dNodhS iy
ld¾hlaIu f.ùï l%u ks¾udKh lsÍfï § l%ufõo
iuÕ wkq.; ùu iqÿiq he hs fmkS hkafka kï"
kj kS;s mekùï iy kshduk rduqjla y÷kajd §ug
l%shdud¾. .ekSu w;HjYH jkq we;'
wdY%s; .%ka:(
_____2019Currency Composition of Official Foreign
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2016History of World Reserve Currencieshttps://
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The Economist2019Coin Flip49-51
2018Crypto-asset markets: Potential channels for future
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1985Financial Innovation and Deregulation in
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2014A Century and a Half of Central Banks, International
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September 2016An Analysis of Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin and
the FutureInternational Journal of Business Management
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2015An Analysis of the Cryptocurrency IndustryWharton
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2016Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency TechnologiesNew
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September 2017Central bank cryptocurrenciesBIS
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2019CoinCodex, "Different Types of Stablecoins: How Do
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 2022 ck' - ud¾' 13

2019Cryptocurrency Regulations: Institutions and 2014 MarNotice 2014-21WashingtonDCThe Internal

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100"000l ;Hd.hla tùug wjYH nj oekqï ÿkafka
h' Tyq tu ;Hd.fha PdhdrEmhla weh fj; hjd"
th yels blaukska wehg ,eîug i,iajk njg
fmdfrdkaÿ úh' wdYd b;du;a i;=gg m;a jQ w;r"
f;Èklg miq wdpd¾h ld¾,af.a ñ;=frl= f,i
;uka j u y÷kajd ÿka yeÍ keue;s mqoa.,hl=f.ka
wehg ÿrl:k weu;=ula ,enq‚' ;uka lgqkdhl
nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqfmdf<a
isák nj;a" tu ;Hd.h ksIaldYkh lr .ekSfï
l%shdj,sfha fh§ isák nj;a tu mqoa.,hd wdYdg
mejiS h' foaYSh nexl= .sKqul remsh,a 100"000l
;ekam;=jla ksIaldYk .dia;= f,i ;ekam;a
lrk fuka yeÍ wdYdf.ka b,a,d isáfha h' wdYd"
ta mS t,a fÊ ÿ,dxc,S ;s,lr;ak
iyldr wOHlaI
uQ,H nqoaê tallh
fojrla fkd is;d" wehf.a ñ;=rd jQ wdpd¾h ld¾,a
iy Tyq úiska tjk ,o PdhdrEmh u; úYajdih
;nñka" mjik ,o uqo, ;ekam;a l<d h' uo
fõ,djlska miq" yeÍ h<s;a jrla wdYd iïnkaO lr
.;a w;r" fvd,¾ uqo,a ;Hd.h Y%S ,xld f¾.=fjka
ksIaldYkh lr .ekSug f¾.= ksIaldYk .dia;=
f,i tu nexl= .sKqug u remsh,a 295"000l uqo,la
;ekam;a lrk fuka b,a,d isáfha h' wdYd fï
ms<sn| j wdpd¾h ld¾,af.ka úuid ;yjqre lr
.ekSfuka wk;=re j tu uqo, o tu .sKqug u
;ekam;a l<d h' miq j tÈk u yeÍ h<s;a jrla
wdYd wu;d tu fvd,¾ uqo, Y%S ,xldjg /f.k
tau i|yd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkhg remsh,a
900"000l uqo,la f.jd ksIaldYkh ,nd .; hq;=
nj wehg oekqï ÿkafka h' yeÍ Tyqf.a m%ldYh
;yjqre lsÍu i|yd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha
ksIaldYk iy;slfha PdhdrEmhla o wdYd fj;
tjd ;snQ w;r" tu iy;sl m;%fha jQ tlai;a
cd;Skaf.a ks, ,dxPkh úYajdi l< wdYd wod<
uqo, tu nexl= .sKqug u ;ekam;a l<d h' ;j o
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ksIaldYk l%shdj,shg Èk ;=kla
muK .; jkq we;s nj yeÍ wdYdg oekqï ÿkafka
h' f;Èklg miq wdYd weu;+ yeÍ ;Hd.h ,nd
.ekSfï wjika mshjr jk fvd,¾ uqo,a ;Hd.h
Y%S ,xld remsh,a fj; yerùu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j fj; remsh,a 500"000l uqo,la f.úh hq;=
nj mjiñka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrk
,o iy;slhl PdhdrEmhla o weh fj; tjqfõ h'

;Hd. b;d blaukska ,efnkq we;s nj;a" fï ish¨
ksIaldYk .dia;= úfoaYfha isg ;Hd. tùfï § wh
lr .kakd idudkH msßjeh nj;a iy;sl lrñka
fuu iuia; l%shdj,sh ;=< § u wdYd ;uka fj;
È.ska È.g u m‚jqv tjQ wdpd¾h ld¾,a flfrys
wehf.a úYajdih ;enqjd h'
wjidkfha §" wdYdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j iM,
lrñka ;Hd.h wehf.a fodrlvg u ,nd §ug
ish,a, iQodkï nj yeÍ weu;=ula ,nd § oekqï
ÿkafka h' kuq;a uo fõ,djlska yeÍ h<s;a jrla
wdYd wu;d tu ;Hd.h uq,ska ;yjqre l< fvd,¾
100"000l uqo,a ;Hd.hg wu;r j" fvd,¾ 900"000l
uqo,a ;Hd.hlska iukaú; he hs Y%S ,xld f¾.=j
mejiQ nj o oekqï ÿkafka h' fl fia fj;;a"
wdrïNfha § wdpd¾h ld¾,a fvd,¾ 100"000l uqo,a
;Hd.hla tjk nj okajd ;snQ fyhska wdYd yeÍj
úYajdi fkd l<d h' weh wdpd¾h ld¾,af.a kj
uqo,a ;Hd.h ms<sn| úuiQ úg" Tyq mejiQfha Tyqg
wehj mqÿu lrùug wjYH jQ fyhska ta ms<sn| j
fy<s fkd l< nj hs'
fl fia fj;;a" fï wjia:dfõ § wdpd¾h ld¾,a iy
yeÍ úiska mjik ,o foa yd yeÍ l< b,a,Sïj,
úYajikSh;ajh iy wjxlNdjh ms<sn| iel we;s
lr .ekSug wdYd mgka .;a;d h' weh fï jk úg
fkd y÷kk iy fkd oel we;s mqoa.,hka fj;
remsh,a 1"795"000l muK iuia; uqo,a m%udKhla
f.ùfuka fjfyig iy l,lsÍug m;a j isáhd
h' wjidkfha §" weh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j iïnkaO
lr .;a w;r" weh uyd mßudKfha uQ,H jxpdjl
f.dÿrla njg m;a j we;s nj oek .;a;d h' bka
wk;=re j weh wod< kS;s n,.ekaùfï wêldrhka
fj; oekqï §u i|yd wjYH mshjr .kq ,enqjd
h' tfia jqj;a" weh fï jk úg wehf.a b;=reï"
wehf.a isyskh" ñksiqka flfrys iy ;uka flfrys
weh ;enQ úYajdih wysñ lr f.k we;'
jxpdjla hkq l=ula o@
ksrka;rfhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=<
wjxl;ajfha iy uq<dfõ udkj l%shdldrlï úúO
ux udj;a Tiafia È.ska È.g u yg .ekSu" j¾Okh
ùu iy jHdma; ùu isÿ j we;' t jeks l%shdjka isÿ
lsÍug ñksiqka úiska Ndú; lrk ,o úúO ud¾.
iy l%ufõohka úúO hq.j, § oel .; yels h'
2022 ck' - ud¾' 15
jxpd lsÍu hkq ñksiqkaf.a /já,s iy.; iajNdjh
l%shd;aul jk t jeks tla wdldrhls' úúO uQ,dY%
u.ska úúO oDIaáfldaKj,ska jxpd ks¾jpkh lr
we;' jxpdjla hkq ñksiqka uq,d lsÍfuka uqo,a
Wmhd .ekSu isÿ lrk jxl l%uhla úh yels
h ^Merriam-Webster’s Learners Dictionary&'
ke;fyd;a th jxpdldÍ mqoa.,hl= úiska uqo,a
meyer .ekSfï wruqKe;s j iel m< fkd lrk
f.dÿrla u; isÿ lrk l+fgdamdhla úh yels h
^American Bankers Association&' id¾:l uQ,H
jxpd u.ska zl;djla úlsŒuZ isÿ lrk w;r"
tu jxpdlrejka l;d lSfï § muKla fkd j"
ñksia iajNdjh iy idudkHfhka ñksiqka úiska
fkd lrkq ,nk oE Tjqka ,jd lrjd .ekSug tu
ñksiqka j ksjerÈ j fm<Uúh hq;af;a fl fia oe
hs hkak ukd j jgyd .kshs ^Carlson" 2019&'
jxpd ms<sn| úúO ks¾jpk iy u; i,ld
ne,Sfuka wk;=re j" uQ,H jxpdjla hkq mqoa.,hl=
fyda lsysm fofkl= úiska ñksiqka uq<d lsÍfuka
uqo,a meyer .ekSug ie,iqï lrkq ,nk l%shdjla
nj ks.ukh l< yels h' w;S;fha § uQ,H jxpd
wju uÜgulska l%shd;aul ù we;;a" j¾;udkfha
§ tajd ish¨ iudc lKavdhï yryd úksúo hñka
úYd, m%udKhlg by< f.dia we;' ;dlaIKfha
m%.;sh iy ksrlaIr;dj" lEorlu" iajhx-flakaøSh
nj" wiSñ; wfmalaId iy iSud rys; l=;=y,h jeks
udkj ,laIK fuka u uqo,a bmehSfï myiqj
iy laI‚l nj uQ,H jxpd by< hEug úYd,
jYfhka odhl ù we;' weis,a,lska l=vd uQ,H
mdvqjl isg úYd, uQ,H mdvqjla olajd isÿ úh yels
uQ,H jxpdj,g idudkHfhka we;af;a flá wdhq
ld,hls'
f,dalh foi ne,Sula
j¾;udkfha § uQ,H jxpd f,dalfha ish¨
l,dmhkag n,mdk f.da,Sh w¾nqohla njg m;a ù
we;' 2020 j¾Ih ;=< § f,dj mqrd m%Odk jYfhka
ÿrl:k iy wka;¾cd, jxpdj,g iïnkaO w;a
wvx.=jg .ekSï 20"000lg jeä .Kkla jd¾;d
ù we; ^News and Events" 2020&' f.da,Sh iqmsß
n,jf;l= jk wefußld tlai;a ckmoh mjd
iudchg oeä f,i mSvd lrk uQ,H jxpd j¾.
lsysmhla y÷kd f.k we;' ia;%S mqreINdjh wkqj
t jeks uQ,H jxpd i|yd jvd;a wjodkug ,la
16 2022 ck' - ud¾'
úh yels ldKavh msßñ mqoa.,hka jk nj o jhia
ldKavh wkqj tu ldKavh jhia.; ck.yKh
jk nj o lshefõ ^Phil Catlett" 2017&' tu ksid
f.da,Sh iqmsß n,j;df.a wêldÍ wdh;k iq,N
jxpd ms<sno j fuka u tajdfhka wdrlaId jkafka
fl fia o hkak ms<sn| j o uyck;dj oekqïj;a
lrhs ^Common Scams and Crimes&' ;j o"
´iafÜ%,shdj o È.ska È.g u by< hk jxpd f,i
jdyk jxpd" fma%u jxpd" ud¾..; jxpd y÷kd
f.k we; ^News & Alerts" 2021&' ueo fmrÈ.
l,dmfha o jxpd iy uQ,H wmrdO by< hñka
mj;shs ^PWS’s Global Economic Crime and Fraud
Survey" 2020&' tlai;a rdcOdksfha uQ,H jxpd by<
hEfï .eg¨fõ nrm;<lu hgm;a jkafka wod<
n,OdÍkag ieneúka u óg f.dÿrejkakkaf.ka
iq¿;rhla muKla jd¾;d jk ksid nj uQ,H jxpd
lafIa;%h ;=< mj;ajk ,o m¾fhaIK u.ska fmkajd
fohs ^Financial Scamming - Our Campaign and
Research to date&' t fuka u mqoa.,hka muKla
fkd j" wdh;ksl f,dj mjd jxpdlrejkaf.a oE;g
yiq ù mSvd ú| we; ^PWS’s Global Economic
Crime and Fraud Survey" 2020&'
jxpdjlg we;=<;a jk md¾Yajhka
idudkHfhka uQ,H jxpdjl md¾Yajhka oaú;a;ajhla
isáhs' t kï" jxpdlre iy b,lal.; lKavdhuhs'
fuh uQ,H jxpdj, ir,;u wdldrh f,i y÷kd
.; yels w;r" fuys § jxpdlre ;ks j l%shd;aul
ù wúysxil f.dÿr$f.dÿre fj; iDcq j <Õd fõ'
fl fia fj;;a" uyd mßudK uQ,H jxpdjlg tu
jxpdj wrUkakd$wrUkakka fuka u w;rueÈhka"
jxpdlrejka iy b,lal.; lKavdhu jYfhka
md¾Yajlrejka lsysm fofkl= isáh yelshs' jxpdj
wrUkakd$wrUkakka wjYH nqoaêh iy iïm;a
iemhSu u.ska jxpdj ie,iqï lrk w;r" tu
ie,eiau l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd tla w;rueÈfhla
fyda w;rueÈhka lsysm fofkl=f.a iydh ,nd
.kshs' idudkHfhka" uyd mßudK uQ,H jxpdj,
§ w;rueÈhka iDcq j u b,lal.; lKavdhu
iuÕ .kqfokq lrk w;r" jxpdj wrUkakd fuu
isÿùug msgqmiska isg l%shd lrhs' uQ,H jxpdj,
uy fud<lre úfoaY cd;slhka jQ wjia:d o we;'
jxpdj wrUkakd y÷kd .ekSu iy yiq lr .ekSu
w;sYh ÿIalr lghq;a;la njg m;a jQ ixlS¾K
iy ukd f,i ie,iqï l< uyd mßudK uQ,H
jxpd f,dj ;=< isÿ ù we;' t jeks jxpd ul=¿
oe,aj,g iudk jk w;r" jrla tys meg¨Kfyd;a
tu wjq,a cd,fhka .e,ùug uy;a mßY%uhla iy
wêIaGdkuh Yla;shla wjYH fõ' iQlaIau uÜgfï
isg uyd mßudKh olajd fjkia jk uQ,H jxpd
wyUq mqoa.,hka fuka u" ixúOdk.; wmrdO l,a,s
úiska ñksiqkaf.ka uqo,a meyer .ekSug Ndú;
lrkq ,nhs'
b,lal.; lafIa;%hka(
uQ,H jxpd úúO wxY ;=< l%shd;aul fõ'
² fiajd kshqla;sh
fuys § jxpdlrejka úiska .dia;=jlg foia úfoia
/lshd ,nd fokq ,nk njg jk fmdfrdkaÿ ùu
Tiafia ñksiqkaf.a /lshd fidhd hEfï wjYH;dj
b,lal lr .kS' /lshdjla fidhd .ekSfï
n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka jQ" tfy;a wjYH;dfjka
miq jk /lshd fidhkakka by; i|yka lrk
/lshd imhkakka ms<sn| j lsisÿ fidhd ne,Sulska
f;dr j" /lshdjla fidhd .ekSu i|yd b,a,d
isák .dia;=j Tjqkag f.jkq we;' fl fia fj;;a"
wjidkfha § /lshd fidhd hkakdg uQ,Huh
mdvqjla fuka u fmdfrdkaÿ jQ /lshdj o fkd ,eî
hEfï ;;a;ajhla o Wod fjhs'
² fma%uh
fuh fnfyúka ldka;djka b,lal.; j flfrk
wx.hls' jxpdlrejka wújdyl fuka u újdyl
ldka;djkag o b;d ldre‚l iy WmldrYS,S núka
lghq;= lr Tjqkaf.a wdorh iy úYajdih Èkd .kshs'
bka wk;=re j jxpdlrejka Tjqka újdy lr .kakd
njg fndre fmdfrdkaÿ § t fia jxpdjg yiq jQ
ldka;dj iuÕ tla j wkd.;h ie,iqï lrhs' bka
miq jxpdlrejd ux., W;aijh meje;aùug fyda
ksjila ñ, § .ekSug fyda úfoaYhlg ixl%uKh
ùug fyda wd§ jYfhka lreKq bÈßm;a lr uqo,a
b,a,d f.k tajd fidrlï lrhs'
² j;alï iy ksIamdok
fuys § jxpdlrejka mqj;am;a" iudc udOHh jeks
úúO udOHhka yryd ksjdi" jdyk" mß.Kl"
ix.S; NdKav hkd§ j;alï iy iqj| ú,jqka"
T!IO jeks ksIamdok fjf<|du i|yd m%pdrKh

lrkq ,nhs' fuu NdKav ñ, § .ekSug wjYH kï
wdrïNfha § nexl= .sKqulg w;a;sldrï .dia;=
f.ùula isÿ lrk f,ig jxpdlre b,a,d isákq
we;' f.úh hq;= w;a;sldru nexl=fõ ;ekam;a l<
miq jxpdlre uqo,a ,nd f.k w;=reoka fõ'
² Èkqï iy ;E.s
úfoaYslhl= he hs ;uka j y÷kajd fok mqoa.,fhla
f,d;/hs" r;%ka" î tï ví,sõ r:" uqo,a ;E.s Èkqï
jYfhka úfoaY rgj,ska ,nd fok njg fuys §
fmdfrdkaÿ fõ' wk;=re j tu úfoaYslhd Tyqf.a
ñ;=frl= f,i rÕmdk w;rueÈfhl=f.a iydh we;s
j" Èkqug ysñlï lSu i|yd foaYSh nexl= .sKqulg
l=ßh¾ .dia;=" f¾.= ksIaldYk" nÿ wh lsÍï uqo,ska
f.jd ouk fuka fu fia jxpdjg yiq jQ mqoa.,hdg
Wmfoia fohs' b,lal.; mqoa.,hd ;ud jxpdjlg
yiq j we;s nj jegfyk wjia:djg <Õd jk úg"
ie,lsh hq;= uQ,H mdvqjlg Tyq ,la j we;s w;r
ta jk úg;a Tyq jxpdlref.a .sKqug fo;=ka jrla
uqo,a ;ekam;a fldg wjika h'
² uQ,H wdOdr
fuys § jxpdlrejka úiska b,lal lrkq ,nkafka
oßø;dj" Kh" frda.dndO jeks ñksiqkaf.a uQ,H
wjYH;dhs' jxpdlrejka iydhlhka f,i
rÕmdñka" úúO wdldrfhka iydh iemhSug ;e;a
lrhs' fu jeks wjia:dj, §" uQ,H jxpdlrejka
flfkl= úiska lrkq ,nk b;d wju wdrïNl
;ekam;=jlg Kh ,nd §ug fmdfrdkaÿ fjhs' t
fuka u frda.dndOj, §" uqo,a /ia lsÍu i|yd
nexl= .sKqï újD; lsÍu u.ska iydh ,nd §ug
jxpdlrejka W;aidy lrkq we;' by; wjia:dj,
§" jrla wdrïNl ;ekam;=jla isÿ l< úg fyda
wruqo,aj, ie,lsh hq;= uqo,a m%udKhla tla /ia
jQ úg jxpdlre úiska tu uqo,a meyer .kq ,efí'
² wd.ñl iy mqKH lghq;=
jxpd hkq iodpdrfhka f;dr lghq;= fõ'
jxpdlrejka úiska ñksiqkaf.a yr moaO;shg
n,mEï lsÍug mQclhska" lkHd fidfydhqßhka"
mß;Hd." mqKHdh;k iy mokï jeks wd.ñl
iy mqKHdh;k yd noaO ixl,am fhdod .kq we;'
wd.ñl iy mqKH lghq;= uQ,sl lr .;a mß;Hd.
uqjdfjka jxpdldÍ f,i uqo,a taalrdYS lrkq ,efí'
2022 ck' - ud¾' 17
² wdfhdack
uQ,H WmfoaYlhska fyda wruqo,a l<ukdlrejka
f,i fmkS isákd jxpdlrejka úiska by< m%;s,dN"
läkï ,dN iy uQ,sl m%d.aOkh úYd,kh i|yd
oekqu iy iydh ,nd fokq ,nhs' ;u b;=reï
wdfhdackh lsÍu i|yd wdfhdaclhska fm<fUk
w;r" wjidkfha § b;=reï iy ,eîï wysñ ù hkq
we;'
² iaú*aÜ ^SWIFT& m‚úv
jHdc iaú*aÜ m‚úv hkq jxpdlrejka úiska
ñksiqka /jàu i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk ;j;a
tla l%uhls' fuys § widudkH f,i úYd, uqo,a
m%udKhka yqjudre lrk nj fmkajd foñka
jxpdlrejka úiska jHdc iaú*aÜ m‚úv ks¾udKh
lrkq ,nkafka wruqo,a ksoyia lsÍu i|yd úúO
fldkafoais hgf;a .dia;= wh lsÍula isÿ lrk j.
mjiñka h' fl fia jqj o" wjOdrKh l< hq;=
lreKla jkqfha iaú*aÜ m‚úv hkq uQ,H .kqfokq
ms<sn| j f;dr;=re imhk ud¾.hla muKla jk
w;r" tajdfha t jeks fldkafoais we;=<;a fkd jk
j.hs' th m‚úvhla muKla jk w;r" tys §
Wmfoia ,nd §ula isÿ fkd fõ' uq,H wdh;k fyda
kshduk wêldÍka uqo,a r|jd .ekSu ;=<ska tu uqo,a
ysñ ùu j<lajk nj i|yka lrñka jxpdlrejka
úiska wod< mqoa.,hska fkd uÕ heùu isÿ lrkq
,nhs' fl fia jqj o" jHdmdßl {dkh fkdue;slu
fya;=fjka mqoa.,hska fujka jQ jxpdjkag f.dÿre
fõ'
² wdh;ksl f,dalh
jxpdlrejka úiska mqoa.,hska muKla fkd j
wdh;k o b,lal lr .kq ,nhs' jxpksl Bfï,a
m‚úv fuka u o;a; iuqodhka iy moaO;s fj;
wkjirfhka we;=¿ ùu" uQ,H j;alï wjNdú;
lsÍu wdÈh iud.ïj, Okh fidrlï lsÍu i|yd
Ndú; lrk úê lsysmhls'
by; olajd we;s whqßka jxpd ksrka;rfhka isÿ
jk fuhdldr jQ mq¿,a mrdihlska meyeÈ,s jkqfha
jxpdlrejka úiska ñksiqkaf.a w;HjYH jqjukd
tmdlï" Ôú; wNs,dI" isysk iy b,lal uQ,sl
j y÷kd .kq ,nk njhs' t jeks wjYH;d iys;
mqoa.,hska fj; jxpdlrejka ishqï f,i ióm
18 2022 ck' - ud¾'
jk w;r" Tjqkaf.a udkisl;ajh l%u l%ufhka
fjkia lrkq ,nhs' Tjqkaf.a úYajdih Èkd .ekSu
i|yd iydh iy ud¾f.damfoaY ,nd fok w;r"
úYajdih Èkd .ekSfuka miq j jxpdlrejka úiska
fulS wysxil mqoa.,hskaf.a uqo,a fidrlï lsÍu
i|yd l%u ilia lrkq ,efí' uQ,H jxpd lsÍfï
ud¾. f,i fldõâ-19 jix.; ;;a;ajh jeks
iudÔh fjkiaùï iy m%jK;d fhdod .ekSfuka
fmkS hkafka mdßißl iy iudÔh fjkialï yd
wkqrEmS ùug iy wkqj¾;kh ùug uQ,H jxpdj,g
we;s yelshdjhs'
jxpdlrejka Ndú; lrk ud¾.
uQ,H jxpd i|yd úúO m%jdy fhdod .efkk w;r"
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20 2022 ck' - ud¾'
we;' uQ,H jxpd y÷kd .ekSug" jd¾;d lsÍug
iy tajdfhka ;uka wdrlaId ùug wjOdkfhka
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ke.Sug iydh ,nd fokq we;'
uQ,dY%
(n.d.). Retrieved from Merrium-Webster's Learners
Dictionary: https://learnersdictionary.com/
(2019). In B. Carlson, Don’t Fall For It: A Short History of
Financial Scams. John Wiley & Sons.
American Bankers Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from ABA
Foundation: https://slideplayer.com/slide/9698794/
Common Scams and Crimes. (n.d.). Retrieved from FBI:
https://www.fbi.gov/scams-and-safety/common-scams-and-
crimes
Financial Scamming - Our Campaign and Research to Date.
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.tradingstandards.uk/
media/documents/policy/research/scam-booklet-final-draft.
pdf
News & alerts. (2021). Retrieved from SCAMWATCH:
https://www.scamwatch.gov.au/
News and Events. (2020). Retrieved from interpol.int:
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2020/
More-than-20-000-arrests-in-year-long-global-crackdown-
on-phone-and-Internet-scams
Phil Catlett, B. B. (2017, March 29). Top financial scams
plaguing Americans. (WoodTV.com, Interviewer)
PwC’s Global Economic Crime and Fraud Survey. (2020).
Retrieved from pwc.com: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/
services/forensics/economic-crime-survey.html

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iykdOdr" fNda. rlaIK" f.dú úY%du jegqma" lDIs
iyk Kh hkd§ fkdfhla fuj,ï yryd wdydr
fNda. ,dNodhS lsÍug mshjr .;a; o" f.dú;ek
.%dóh m%cdj w;r wvq ,dNodhS jHdmdrhla njg
m;a ù wE;'
fldúâ - 19 f.da,Sh jix.;h wdrïNh;a iuÕ u
f;dr;=re ikaksfõokfha ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fjka lDIs
ksIamdok wf,úh fjkqfjka u lem jQ wd¾Ól
uOHia:dkj, o w¾nqo we;s úh' lDIs ksIamdok
tu uOHia:dkj,g m%jdykh l< fkd yels ùu
iy m%jdykh l< ksIamdok f;d. fjf<kaod
ñ, § .ekSug ue,s ùu fuu ;;a;ajhg fya;=
úh' lafIa;%hg hEug jQ wmyiqj;a iuÕ iuia;
ksIamdokh yd iemhqu ;lafiare lsÍug m%;sm;a;s
iïmdolhskag iy ;SrK .kakkag fkd yels
ùfuka fïjd wf,úlrKhg iydh ùug o
n,OdÍkag wmyiq úh'
fï w;r" uOH.; f;dr;=re ,nd §u ld¾hlaIu
j iy m%Yia; uÜgñka mj;ajd .ekSug fkd yels
ùfuka lDIs ld¾ñl jix.; ^Wod' fiakd o<Uqjd
^Fall Army Worm& n,mEu&" .xj;=r iy kshx
jeks iajNdúl úm;a fya;=fjka isÿ jk fNda.
w,dNh iy moaO;shg isÿ jQ ydksh wdÈh ksjerÈ
j ;lafiare lsÍug" f.dùkag jkaÈ f.ùu ms<sn|
2022 ck' - ud¾' 23
ksjerÈ j ;SrK .ekSug iy úl,am l%shdud¾.
yryd cd;sl wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj iy;sl lsÍug o
m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhskag wmyiq ù we;'
fuu lreKq wkqj" f;dr;=re u; lDIs ld¾ñl
wxYfha ish¨ l%shdldrlï by< ixfõ§;djla
olajk nj meyeÈ,s h' ;SrK .ekSug îc frdamKfha
isg miq wiajkq md,kh iy mßfNdackh olajd
ksjerÈ iy ld,Sk f;dr;=re jeo.;a fõ' b;d iq¿
mßudKfha jqj o" lDIs ld¾ñl wxYfha isÿ lrkq
,nk wdfhdack ;SrK .ekSu i|yd fhojqï ,nd
.ekSfï yelshdj" ld,.=K f;dr;=re ;dlaI‚l
oekqu" Ydl wdrlaIK f;dr;=re" b,a¨u-iemhqu
iy ñ, jeks lDIs fjf<| f;dr;=re yd fjk;a
mdßißl idOl wdÈh b;d jeo.;a fõ'
f.dú;efka isg mdßfNda.slhska olajd lDIs
ld¾ñl w.h odu m%;sks¾udKh lsÍfï § f;dr;=re
yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh ^Information and
Communication Technology ^ICT&& Ndú;fhka Y%S
,xldfõ .%dóh f.dú m%cdj we;=¿ mq¿,a mrdihlska
hq;a lDIs wxYfha md¾Yajlrejkaf.a Ndú;h
i|yd uOH.; lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re moaO;shla
ks¾udKh lsÍu iy ia:dms; lsÍu isÿ l< yels h'
uOH.; lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re moaO;shl ks¾udKh
cd;sl uÜgfï uOH.; lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re
moaO;shla ks¾udKh lsÍfuka f.dùka" lDIs
ksIamdolhska yd jHdmdßlhska" rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl
wdh;k" ;SrK.kakka yd m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhska
iy mdßfNda.sl idudkH ck;djg wod< f;dr;=re
/ia lsÍu iy fnod yeÍu isÿ flf¾' mßYS,lhd
iy f;dr;=re imhkakd wkqj úúO uÜgfï
f;dr;=re mqjre ^Dashboards& imhkq ,enqj o
m%fõY úh yelafla mßYS,lhdf.a wruqKq i|yd
wjYH o;a; iy f;dr;=rej,g mu‚' fuys §
o;a;j, iqrlaIs;Ndjh w;sYhska jeo.;a lreKla
neúka ta i|yd jk o;a; wdrlaIK l%ufõo ilia
l< hq;= h'
kq;k f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK WmlrK
fhdod .ksñka o;a; tla /ia lsÍu" úYaf,aIKh"
ikaksfõokh iy yqjudrej iajhxl%Sh l%shdj,shla
njg m;a l< yels w;r" ;SrK .ekSu yd mqfrdal:kh
lsÍu i|yd lD;%su nqoaêh ^Artificial Intelligence&
fhdod .ekSu o miq j isÿ l< yels h' ;jÿrg;a"
24 2022 ck' - ud¾'

o;a; tl;= lr .ekSug iy úYaf,aIKhg fv%dak
;dlaIKh" Internet of Things - IOT iy N+f.da,Sh
f;dr;=re moaO;s ^Geographic Information System
^GIS&& l%ufõo o Ndú; l< yels h'
uQ,sl j" uOH.; lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re moaO;shl
moku jk f.dùkaf.a f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu fjkqfjka
f.dùka ta i|yd fmd<Ujd .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fõ'
wdrïNfha § ksIamdok w;sßla; l<ukdlrKhg
iy .%dóh f.dùkag idOdrK ñ,la iy;sl lsÍug
fuu moaO;sh yryd ld¾hNdrhla isÿ l< yels
h' fojkqj" f.dùkaf.a Wkkaÿj ;jÿrg;a jeä
lrùug f.dúhdg ,nd .; yels iDcq jdis jk
fmdfydr iy îc ms<sn| f;dr;=re" Ydl wdrlaIK
fiajd f;dr;=re" fjf<ofmd< úYajdih" j.d
l< hq;= jvd jdisodhl fNda. f;dr;=re iy lDIs
l%shdldrlï y÷kd .ekSu" nexl=" lDIs rlaIK
iy fjk;a uQ,H lghq;= i|yd myiqlï y÷kajd
§fuka yelshdjla ,efí' ;jÿrg;a" rcfhka ,nd
fok iyk iy wdOdr jk fmdfydr iykdOdrh"
îc iykdOdrh iy f.dú úY%du jegqma wdÈh
,nd .ekSu i|yd fuu moaO;sh yd iïnkaO ùu
wksjd¾h lsÍu jeks Wml%u o Ndú; l< yels h'
cx.u ÿrl:khla fyda geí WmlrKhla
Ndú;fhka f.dùkaf.a uQ,sl o;a; /ia lsÍu
lafIa;% uÜgfï § isÿ l< yels h' fï ld¾hh
i|yd lDIsl¾u wud;HdxYhg wkqhqla; .%dóh

ෙගාවීන් ලියාපදිංචිය

ෙගාවියා

ලියාපදිංචි කිරීම සඳහා •ජංගම (දුරකථන)

බලපෑම් කළහැකි සාධක ෙයදුම (mobile app)
සෘජු
ෙගාවීන් ලියාපදිංචිය

•ෙවබ් පදනම් හරහා

ලියාපදිංචිය (web based) ෙගාවියාට අනන2
• ෙපාෙහාර සහනාධාරය
වූ හඳුනාගැනීෙම්
• ෙබෝග රක්ෂණය ෙක්තයක්
• අස්වැන්න සඳහා සහතික
# කෘ.ප.නි.ස. ෙහෝ
කළ මිල • ෙගාවිජන ෙස්වා
නිලධාරීන් මගින් ඉක්මන් පතිචාර
• බීජ සහනාධාර / මධ2ස්ථාන ෙහෝ
# සංවර් ධන ෙක්තයක්
ෙනාමිෙල් ලබා ෙදන බීජ • ෙවනත් නම්
කරන ලද (QR code)
• ඉදිරි fjf<| ගිවිසුම් නිලධාරීන් මගින්
ආයතනයන් ෙහෝ
චුම්බක චිපයක්

හදිසි අවශ2තා සඳහා භාවිත

කිරීමට අමු දත්ත
උදා: හදිසිෙය් භාණ්ඩ විකිණීම

ෙතාරතුරු වලංගු කිරීම - මට්ටම 1

අරමුණු
කෘෂික¾u උපෙද්ශකවරුන් / ව2ාප්ති
• විධිමත් ඉදිරි fjf<| නිලධාරීන් විසින් වලංගු කරනු ලැෙබ්
ගිවිසුම්
• ගිවිසුම්
• අපනයන කටයුතු
• පතිපත්ති ෙතාරතුරු වලංගු කිරීම - මට්ටම 2
• පර්ෙය්ෂණ
තවදුරටත් වලංගු කිරීම
සහකාර අධ2ක්ෂ/ නිෙයෝජ2 අධ2ක්ෂ/
අධ2ක්ෂ/ පළාත් අධ2ක්ෂ

රූපය 2: ෙගාවීන් ලියාපදිංචිෙය් ගැලීම් සටහන


lDIs lafIa;% ks,OdÍka iy fjk;a wud;HdxYhkag
wkqhqla; .%dóh uÜgfï ks,OdÍka fhdod .; yels
h' ;j o Ndú;hg myiq cx.u fhÿula ^Mobile
Application& y÷kajd §fuka" fuu f;dr;=re ,nd
§u f.dùka ,jd u isÿ lrjd .kakg ie,eiaúh
yels h' by< fm< lafIa;% ks,OdÍka u.ska
we;=,a lrk ,o o;a; j,x.= lsÍula ^Validation&
moaO;sh yryd u isÿ lsÍfuka o;a;j, wLKav
nj iy ksjerÈ nj iy;sl jkq we;' fuu o;a;
,nd §fuka ,shdmÈxÑ jk f.dúhd y÷kd .ekSug
pqïnl Ñmhla ^Magnetic Chip& ,nd §u fyda
y÷kd .ekSfï blauka m%;spdr fla;hla ^Quick
Response ^QR& Code& ,nd §u jeks wdl¾YŒh jQ
kj ;dlaI‚l Wml%uhla y÷kajd §u jeo.;a fõ'
fhdað; o;a; fõÈldj la,jqâ mokula ^Cloud
Base& f,i isÿ l< yels w;r fndfyda m%fõY
iys; w;=re uqyqK;a ^Multiple Access Interfaces&
fhdod .ekSug yels Ndú;hg myiq cx.u fhÿula
yryd bv ie,eiaùfuka myiqfjka ìï uÜgu
olajd f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu fuka u fiajd iemhSu o
iy;sl l< yels h'
wfmalaIs; m%;sM,
uOH.; lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re moaO;sh ks¾udKh
lsÍu;a iuÕ u tu ish¨ u lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re
iy fjk;a fiajd tl u l%uhla hgf;a N+f.da,Sh
fyda fjk;a ndOl fkd i,ld f.dùkag fuka
u w.h oduh ;=< isák ish¨ u mqoa.,hskag iy
wdh;kj,g ,nd .; yels h' fuu Ndú;h lreKq
lSmhlg ,>q l< fkd yels uq;a my; wdldrfha
m%;sM, fndfyduhla wfmalaId l< yels h'
• wkkH jQ ye÷kqïm;la( uOH.; lDIs ld¾ñl
f;dr;=re moaO;shla ìys ùu;a iuÕ u th
;=< ish¨ u f.dùka ,shdmÈxÑ lr Tjqkg u
wkkH jQ ye÷kqïm;la ,nd fokq we;' f.dùka
fj; wkd.; lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re yd fiajd
iemhSu fuu moaO;sh yryd isÿ flfrk w;r
f.dúhdg ,nd § we;s iqúfYaIS ye÷kqïm;
bÈßm;a lsÍfuka úúO jQ fiajdjka ,nd .;
yels h'
• ie,iqï iy.; lDIs ksIamdokhla( uOH.;
lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re moaO;sh yryd ,efnk
f;dr;=re fuka u oekqu yqjudre lr .ekSu
u; mokï j ie,iqï iy.; lDIs ld¾ñl
2022 ck' - ud¾' 25
ksIamdokhla y÷kajd Èh yels h' b,a¨u-
iemhqu f;dr;=re" fhojqï ,nd .ekSfï
yelshdj" ld,.=Kh iy foaY.=Kh" mdxY=
;;a;ajhka" uQ,HlrKh" fjf<|fmd< ,nd
.ekSfï yelshdj" fjk;a mdßißl .eg¨"
lDIs jHdma;sh" úoHq;a-bf.kqï ^e-Learning& yd
mqyqKqj" úfYaI{ Wmfoia" wmkhk wjia:d jeks
lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdokhg iy wf,úlrKhg
n,mdk idOl wd§ f;dr;=re yryd ksIamdok
moaO;sfha ld¾hlaIu;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu"
fjf<|fmd< jeäÈhqKq lsÍu iy lDIs ld¾ñl
wmkhk i|yd myiqlï ie,fikq we;'
• o;a; mokï lr .;a ;SrK( fuu l%ufõo u.ska
o;a; mokï lr .;a ;SrK .ekSug iydh jk
w;r" jerÈ f;dr;=re u; mokï j m%;sm;a;suh
;SrK .ekSu je<efla' t neúka f.dùkag
iy wfkl=;a lDIsld¾ñl md¾Yajlrejkag
ldf,daÑ; yd ksjerÈ f;dr;=re ,nd fokq we;s
w;r tu.ska lDIs l¾udka;fha ksjerÈ ;SrK
kshñ; fõ,djg .ekSu iy;sl flf¾'
• úYajikSh lDIs wf,úlrKhla( fuu f;dr;=re
moaO;sh yryd lDIs ld¾ñl ksIamdok
mqfrdal:kh u; mokï j fyd¢ka ixúOdkh
jQ lDIs ld¾ñl wf,úlrKhla ie,iqï
l< yels h' tneúka" fuu l%uh u.ska kj
wjia:d ms<sn| f;dr;=re iemhSu" wkd.;
wdfhdaclhska$yjq,alrejka iuÕ .e,mSug
myiqlï ie,iSu wd§ lDIs l¾udka;fha
fndfyda wxY ms<sn| j uÕ fmkaùu ;=<ska
lDIs ld¾ñl ksIamdokh wLKav j lr f.k
hEug f.dùka Èßu;a lrkq we;s w;r fï wkqj
;reK mrïmrdj mjd lDIs l¾udka;h fj;
wdl¾IKh jkq we;'
• iqrlaIs; iqNidOk ixrpl( fNda. rlaIKh"
f.dú rlaIKh iy úY%du jegqma l%uh jeks
f.dùkaf.a iqNidOk ixrpl jßka jr
moaO;shg tl;= lr f.dùka w;r Tjqkaf.a
l%shdldrlïj, iqrlaIs;Ndjh iy ;sridrNdjh
.ek úYajikSh;ajhla we;s lsÍfuka Tjqkaf.a
f.dú;eka lghq;= lr f.k hEu i|yd wdrlaIs;
udkisl;ajhla we;s l< yels h'
• ld¾hlaIu fmdfydr iykdOdr hdka;%Khla(
fuu f;dr;=re moaO;sh Ndú;fhka ksjerÈ
f.dùkag ksjerÈ m%udKhkaf.ka fmdfydr ,nd
26 2022 ck' - ud¾'
§ug ßis iykdOdr hdka;%Khla ld¾hlaIu j
l%shd;aul lsßug o" ta wkqj" fmdfydr w;sßla;
Ndú;h yd ta iïnkaO wys;lr n,mEï wju
lsÍug o yels fjhs'
• uQ,H myiqlï i|yd mßirhla ( lDIsld¾ñl
lghq;=" hdka;%SlrKh" há;, myiqlï
ixj¾Okh hkdÈh i|yd Kh" l,anÿ myiqlï
iy fjk;a uQ,H myiqlï iemhSu i|yd iqÿiq
mqoa.,hl= j f;dard .ekSug yd fiajh lsÍug
nexl= iy fjk;a uQ,H wdh;kj,g uOH.;
lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re moaO;sh Ndú; l< yels
h' tneúka" fuu moaO;sh uQ,H wdh;k i|yd
we;s wjodku wvq lrk w;r iqÿiq mqoa.,hdg
iqÿiq fj,djg iqÿiq jQ fiajdjka iemhQ njg
iy;sl lrhs'
• N+-o;a; mokï lr .;a m%jdyk moaO;shla(
uOH.; lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re moaO;sh
yryd N+-o;a; ^Geo-data& mokï lr .;a
m%jdyk moaO;shla ks¾udKh l< yels w;r"
tkhska lDIs ksIamdok fjf<|fmd<g iy
mdßfNda.slhskag msßjeh M,odhS f,i m%jdyk
lsÍu we;=¿ j fyd¢ka ixúOdkh jQ iemhqï
fiajdjla ixj¾Okh l< yels h'
• ;;a;aj iy;sl lsÍï( fï u.ska rg ;=<
l%shd;aul jk hym;a lDIs ld¾ñl mßphka
^Good Agricultural Practices& iy ;;a;aj
iy;sl lsÍï i|yd jeo.;a jk f;dr;=re
myiqfjka fidhd .ekSfï yelshdjla ,efnkq
we;'
• úoHq;a-jd‚cH fõÈldjla ^e-Commerce
Platform&( fuu f;dr;=re moaO;sh n, .ekaùu;a
iuÕ u mq¿,a úoHq;a jd‚cH fõÈldjla
ixj¾Okh lsÍu yryd" wiajekak fk<Sug
fmr isg u ksIamdok wka;¾cd, fjf<|du
i|yd fhduq l< yels h' fuu úoHq;a-jd‚cH
fõÈldj yryd ;u ksIamdokj,g ñ, kshu
lsÍug f.dùkag n,h ,efí' f.dùkag uOH.;
f;dr;=re moaO;sh yryd ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
mQ¾j wk;=re weÕùu u; mokï j ;SrK .;
yels w;r wiajekak fk<Sug fmr Tjqkaf.a
ksIamdok fjf<|dï lsÍu wdrïN l< yels fõ'
fuu l%uh u.ska f.dúhd ñ, ndr .kafkla
^Price Taker& fjkqjg ñ, kshu lrkafkla
^Price Setter& njg n, .ekafjhs'
È.= .ukl wdrïNh
uOH.; lDIs ld¾ñl f;dr;=re moaO;shl
wdrïNhla f,i" lDIs rlaIK uKav,fha
uQ,sl;ajfhka f,dal nexl= idudðlhl= jk
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, iuÕ tla j ixj¾Okh
l< id¾:l uÜgfï uDÿldx.hla iuÕ w;ayod
ne,Sï mÍlaIK lsysmhla yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha
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Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
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