Organizing and Processing Your Data: The Nuts and Bolts of Quantitative Analysis

Variable construct:
Content validity:
Test validity:
Empirical validity:

4.1 What quantitative analysis do

● Quantitative analyses are all about counting something.
● Two conditions are normally considered: (1) what to count must be countable (i.e.
quantifiable), and (2) what to count must have the potential to be variable (i.e. be
able to change).

● The condition of variability demands the existence of the possibility of variation in

your response set.
● In your poll of voter motivations, the condition is met where all voters are presumably
not motivated by the same things.
● Even in the case where all voters may be motivated by the same issue, e.g. by
“environment”, it does not mean that the condition
● Therefore, the condition of variability is a requirement about the possible existence of
variation, and does not mean that variation will actually be found.

Because of this variability requirement, the things that we count

Experiment dalam quantitative harus berapa kali treatment? Berdasarkan teori

siapa…
Tidak ada rules mutlak terkait berapa kali eksperiment layak dilaksanakan
Terdapat banyak faktor atau prinsip yang memengaruhi experiment

● The consider the issue of the colour of shoes people buy in a certain shop: black,
brown, and red.
● The customers: with earrings and without
● At seven days of collecting data, we turn to the quantitative analysis: we may want to
simply describe the situation in the shoe shop using descriptive statistics (dihitung
meannya, median, mode, frekuensi, standard deviation, range, bersifat describing
sample saja, tidak berupaya meng inver populasinya)
● Untuk menginver, kita membutuhkan data frekuensi
● descriptive statistics are indices that give information about general shape or quality
of the data, and include
● We could, for example, calculate the mean numbers of red shoes purchased per day
by customers with and without earrings, respectively.
● This calculation allows us to identify the potential patterns in our data set.
● We seem to have identify a pattern in which customers without earrings buy more red
shoes than customers with earrings do.
● However, we are unable to make this kind of claim based solely on the descriptive
statistics
 ● We cannot know at this point whether what appears to be a pattern really is one, or is
just a product of chance.

4.2 What quantitative method to use